Editing Hanover, Indiana

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Hanover, Indiana
| settlement_type    = [[Town]]
| image_blank_emblem = HanoverINlogo.png
| blank_emblem_type  = Logo
| blank_emblem_size  = 140px
| nickname           = 
| motto              = "Pride & Prosperity"
| mapsize            = 250x200px
| image_skyline      = Hanover Presbyterian Church from Firemans Park.jpg
| imagesize          = 250px
| image_caption      = The Hanover Presbyterian Church, as viewed from Fireman's Park.
| image_map          = File:Jefferson County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Hanover Highlighted 1831216.svg
| map_caption        = Location of Hanover in Jefferson County, Indiana.
| image_map1         = 
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = United States
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_18.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 16, 2022}}</ref>
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Indiana]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Indiana|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Jefferson County, Indiana|Jefferson]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of townships in Indiana|Township]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Hanover Township, Jefferson County, Indiana|Hanover]]
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = 
| leader_name        = 
| established_date   = 
| population_footnotes = 
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est     = 
| pop_est_as_of      = 
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 3743
| population_density_sq_mi = 1685.28
| population_density_km2 = 650.55
| timezone           = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset         = -5
| timezone_DST       = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST     = -4
| area_land_km2      = 5.75
| area_water_km2     = 0.01
| area_total_km2     = 5.77
| area_total_sq_mi   = 2.23
| area_land_sq_mi    = 2.22
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.00
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft       = 778
| coordinates        = {{coord|38|42|48|N|85|28|21|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code        = 47243
| area_code          = [[Area code 812|812]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 18-31216<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 2396984<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2396984}}</ref>
| footnotes          = 
| website            = {{URL|https://townofhanover.net/}}
}}

'''Hanover''' is a town in [[Hanover Township, Jefferson County, Indiana]], United States. Located along the [[Ohio River]], the town's population was 3,546 at the 2010 census. Hanover is the home of [[Hanover College]], a small [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] liberal arts college. The tallest waterfall in Indiana, [[Fremont Falls]], is located in Hanover.

==History==
===Logan's Point===
[[Image:View of the Ohio River from Hanover Indiana.jpg|thumb|alt=View of the Ohio River from the Point in Hanover.|left|View of the Ohio River from the Point in Hanover.]]

During the late eighteenth century, the area today known as the state of Indiana was a part of the [[Northwest Territory]] in the new United States. This large area west of the Appalachians and north of the Ohio River had been ceded by Great Britain after the Revolutionary War. It consisted of the area later organized as the states of [[Ohio]], Indiana, [[Michigan]], [[Illinois]], [[Wisconsin]], and parts of [[Minnesota]]. At that time, there were few European settlements on the northern bank of the Ohio River, although French colonists had settled in the west Illinois Country along the Mississippi River. [[Kentucky]], which developed on the southern banks of the Ohio, was originally considered part of [[Virginia]]. In 1792 it was granted [[U.S. state|statehood]] after becoming more densely settled by European Americans.  Prior to the early nineteenth-century European-American settlement of the Hanover area, its predominant inhabitants were the [[Shawnee people]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.native-languages.org/indiana.htm|title=Indiana Indian Tribes and Languages}}</ref>

George Logan grew up in a farming household in the area of [[Lexington, Kentucky]]. Soon after the turn of the year in 1801, young Logan loaded a barge with produce and embarked on a trading journey westward on the Ohio River, ultimately to sell the produce in [[New Orleans]]. He later noted that there were no European-American settlements in the area between present-day [[Carrollton, Kentucky]] and [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]]. He said both banks of the river were covered in thick forest, and reported seeing Native American hunters and fishermen, numerous [[American bison|buffalo]] and deer, and heard the cries of coyotes.<ref name="Gresham159-161">John M. Gresham Co. ''Biographical and Historical Souvenir for the Counties of Clark, Crawford, Harrison, Floyd, Jefferson, Jennings, Scott, and Washington, Indiana''. Chicago: Chicago Printing Co. (1889) 159-161.</ref>

Faced with severe weather toward the end of February, Logan stopped his river journey, pulling in roughly half a mile west of the present-day area of [[Hanover Beach, Indiana|Hanover Beach]]. After a few days, he went ashore. Armed with a rifle, he climbed a nearby hill to the spot today known as Logan's Point, after him. This was the first recorded instance of a European exploring the area of Hanover. Logan was so enamored with the view from this point that he decided to move there some day. He carved his initials and the date, March 1, 1801, on a beech tree. He did not return to settle for fourteen years.<ref name="Gresham159-161"/>

===Dunn's Settlement===
[[Image:Williamson Dunn.jpg|thumb|alt=Portrait of Williamson Dunn.|left|upright|Williamson Dunn, founder of Dunn's Settlement, later known as Hanover]]
Judge [[Williamson Dunn]], from [[Mercer County, Kentucky]], purchased the land area of modern Hanover from the federal government on November 28, 1808.<ref>"Timeline of Hanover College History," ''Joseph Wood Evans Memorial Special Collections and Archives Center''. https://libguides.hanover.edu/archives/history.</ref>  The following year, Dunn resettled his family to the area, which became known as a town as "Dunn's Settlement." This was later renamed as Hanover. A steady flow of settlers then followed, most of them [[Scotch-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterians]]. They were immigrants and their children, mostly from northern [[Ireland]], who had come to Virginia, then to Kentucky, and finally to the area of Hanover.<ref>Moore, A.Y. ''History of Hanover College''. Indianapolis: The Hollenbeck Press (1900) 10.</ref>

Among them was [[Christopher Harrison]]. He later was elected as Indiana's first [[Lieutenant Governor of Indiana|lieutenant governor]] and played a key role in planning the state capital of [[Indianapolis]]. Harrison built a homestead at Logan's Point. When in 1815 Logan returned to the site, the two men met. Logan bought the land and settled permanently in Hanover, while Harrison moved to [[Salem, Indiana]]. The next year he was elected lieutenant governor.<ref>Baker, Frank S. ''Glimpses of Hanover's Past''. Seymour, IN: Graessle-Mercer Co. (1978) 17.</ref>

[[Image:Williamson Dunn House.jpg|thumb|alt=Williamson Dunn's residence in Hanover.|Williamson Dunn's residence, Hanover's first building.]]

Although many of the first residents were Presbyterian, for a time the only church in their area was in [[Charlestown, Indiana|Charlestown]], 25 miles to the west. In 1819, Presbyterian minister Thomas C. Searle (January 15, 1787 – October 15, 1821) moved to nearby [[Madison, Indiana|Madison]]. He was a circuit preacher, serving the needs of the minority of Presbyterians in a wide area in southern Indiana, but he quickly realized that a community of Scotch-Irish Presbyterians was concentrated in Dunn's Settlement.<ref name="Moore, 17">Moore, 17.</ref> On March 4, 1820, Searle founded the Hanover Presbyterian Church. His wife, a native of [[Hanover, New Hampshire]], was greatly admired by the church's congregants; therefore, the church adopted the name in her honor. Before long, the town also adopted the name "Hanover." Officially it was named "South Hanover" as there was already a post office of Hanover in [[Shelby County, Indiana|Shelby County]]. When the other town of Hanover no longer had a post office, South Hanover's name was shortened to Hanover.<ref name="Moore, 17"/>

Following the founding of the congregation, they organized to construct a church. Williamson Dunn donated land and funding for the cause. In October 1821, Searle died, and the minister's post at the church was not filled until 1823.<ref>Moore, 17</ref>

===Founding of Hanover College===
[[Image:John Finley Crowe.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Portrait of John Finley Crowe.|right|John Finley Crowe, founder of Hanover College]]

[[John Finley Crowe]] was born in [[Greene County, Tennessee]], growing up there and in Missouri, where his family migrated. He grew up in a Presbyterian household. After meeting some Presbyterian elders who had moved from North Carolina to his area in Missouri, Crowe became interested in pursuing a religious education. He attended [[Transylvania College]] in [[Lexington, Kentucky]], and continued his education at [[Princeton Theological Seminary]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey]]. After completing his [[Masters of Divinity]] in 1815, Crowe accepted his first ministerial calling in [[Shelbyville, Kentucky]]. It was a slave state, but Crowe became actively involved in the [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist movement]]. He established a Sunday school for African-American children, but could not find a place where they were allowed to meet. On May 7, 1822, he began publication of the ''Abolition Intelligence and Missionary Magazine''.  Crowe's abolitionist sympathies alienated him from his slave-holding neighbors, and he soon lost access to the printing press.<ref>Baker, 23-24.</ref>

[[Image:Crowe-Garritt House.jpg|thumb|alt=Residence of John Finley Crowe in Hanover.|left|Residence of John Finley Crowe in Hanover, now listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]]]
On April 2, 1823, John M. Dickey, moderator of a church session attended by Williamson Dunn and George Logan as elders, sent a letter to Crowe inviting him to serve at the Hanover Presbyterian Church. Disheartened by the hostility of neighbors in Kentucky, Crowe accepted the position, relieved to move to a free state.<ref>Poor, Michael J, transc. ''The Call of the Hanover Church to John Finley Crowe''. http://history.hanover.edu/hhr/hhr5-3.html.</ref> Soon after arriving in Hanover, Crowe began construction of his house. It still exists and is known today as the [[Crowe-Garritt House]]. Located just north of the present-day Hanover Presbyterian Church, the Crowe-Garritt House was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1980.<ref>Baker, 25-26.</ref>

Soon after joining the Hanover Presbyterian Church, Crowe began encouraging members to sponsor the founding of a seminary. The religious academy opened in Hanover on January 1, 1827. Initially, classes met in the Presbyterian Church's stone church building, which was located in the present-day area of the Hanover Firehouse. Within a year, however, the school had outgrown this location. Williamson Dunn donated land for the site of a new college building. In 1829, the state of Indiana granted a charter for Hanover Academy, essentially with a classical high school curriculum.

The Presbyterian Synod of Indiana recognized the theological segment of the school as the Indiana Seminary. Hanover Academy grew quickly over the ensuing years, adding to its programs. In 1833 it received a charter from the state of Indiana to form a four-year college under the name of Hanover College.<ref name="baker">Baker, 25-29.</ref> But the seminary stagnated, and the two entities split in 1836. In 1841 the religious seminary moved to [[New Albany, Indiana]]. Faced with money problems and with students divided on the issue of slavery, in 1859 the seminary moved and reopened in [[Chicago, Illinois]], as [[McCormick Theological Seminary]]. It was sponsored by a major business donor.<ref name="baker"/>

==Religion==
[[Image:St Stephens AME Hanover.jpg|thumb|alt=St. Stephen's AME Church in 2009.|upright|[[St. Stephen's African Methodist Episcopal Church]] in Hanover, Indiana.]]
[[Image:St Stephens AME Hanover ca 1900.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=St. Stephen's AME Church, circa 1900.|left|Late nineteenth or early twentieth-century view of [[St. Stephen's African Methodist Episcopal Church]] in Hanover, Indiana.]]

Although Hanover was largely founded by Presbyterians, people of other denominations soon also moved  into the area. In the United States west of the [[Appalachian Mountains]] as a whole, [[Baptists]] and [[Methodists]] largely outnumbered Presbyterians during the early nineteenth century. Hanover Methodist Church was founded in 1846; the Hanover Baptist Church soon followed. The First Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) was founded in 1974.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

[[St. Stephen's African Methodist Episcopal Church]], which belonged to the first independent Black denomination founded in the United States, was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2000.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the 2010 census, Hanover has a total area of {{convert|2.31|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="census-g001">{{cite web
  |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1831216
  |title=G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1
  |access-date=July 16, 2015
  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213060433/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1831216
  |archive-date=February 13, 2020
  |url-status=dead
  }}</ref>

===Climate===
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.  According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Hanover has a [[humid subtropical climate]], abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=593487&cityname=Hanover%2C+Indiana%2C+United+States+of+America&units=|title=Hanover, Indiana Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|work=Weatherbase}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1870= 564
|1880= 376
|1890= 459
|1900= 377
|1910= 356
|1920= 360
|1930= 390
|1940= 406
|1950= 1060
|1960= 1170
|1970= 3018
|1980= 4054
|1990= 3610
|2000= 2834
|2010= 3546
|2020= 3743
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

[[Image:Main Street Hanover Indiana.jpg|thumb|alt=Main Street Hanover, Indiana.|right|View of Main Street in Hanover.]]

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 11, 2012}}</ref> of 2010, there were 3,546 people, 1,075 households, and 686 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1535.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,216 housing units at an average density of {{convert|526.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the town was 94.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.2% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.8% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.6% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.3% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.4% of the population.

There were 1,075 households, of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.2% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age in the town was 26.2 years. 18.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 30% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.1% were from 25 to 44; 18.3% were from 45 to 64; and 12% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 2,834 people, 1,068 households, and 760 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|1,349.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,144 housing units at an average density of {{convert|544.6|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 96.58% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.05% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.18% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.32% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.07% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.35% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.46% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.24% of the population.

There were 1,068 households, out of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,944, and the median income for a family was $42,574. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $23,384 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $16,520. About 5.7% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
[[Southwestern High School (Hanover, Indiana)|Southwestern High School]] is the public school.

Hanover has a public library, a branch of the Jefferson County Public Library.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mjcpl.org/locations-hours | title=Locations & hours | publisher=Jefferson County Public Library | access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of cities and towns along the Ohio River]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://townofhanover.net/ Hanover, Indiana Official website]

{{Jefferson County, Indiana}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indiana populated places on the Ohio River]]
[[Category:Towns in Jefferson County, Indiana]]
[[Category:Towns in Indiana]]