Editing Hanalei, Hawaii

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{{Infobox settlement
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|official_name            = Hanalei
|other_name               = 
|native_name              =  <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname                 = 
|settlement_type          = [[Census-designated place]]
|motto                    = 
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|image_skyline            = Hanalei, Kauai HI.JPG
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|image_caption            = Hanalei Town with a view of Mt. Na Molokama, and Māmalahoa
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|image_map                = Kauai_County_Hawaii_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Hanalei_Highlighted.svg
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|map_caption              = Location in [[Kauai County, Hawaii|Kauai County]] and the state of [[Hawaii]]
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<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Hawaii]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Hawaii|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Kauai County, Hawaii|Kauai]]
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|area_magnitude           = 
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|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_15.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=December 18, 2021}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 1.86
|area_land_km2            = 1.75
|area_water_km2           = 0.10
|area_total_sq_mi         = 0.72
|area_land_sq_mi          = 0.68
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.04
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<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
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|population_total         = 444
|population_density_km2   = 253.14
|population_density_sq_mi = 655.83
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|timezone                 = [[Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time Zone|Hawaii-Aleutian]]
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|elevation_footnotes      = 
|elevation_m              = 0
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<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 96714
|area_code                = [[Area code 808|808]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 15-11500
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0359039
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}}

'''Hanalei''' is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Kauaʻi County, Hawaii|Kaua{{okina}}i County, Hawaii]], United States. The population was estimated at 299 as of 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://censusreporter.org/profiles/16000US1511500-hanalei-hi/|title=Census profile: Hanalei, HI|website=Census Reporter|access-date=2019-06-03}}</ref> ''Hanalei'' means "[[Lei (Hawaii)|lei]] making" in [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]. Alternatively, the name ''Hanalei'' also means "crescent bay" and may be indicative of the shape of [[Hanalei Bay]].<ref name="Place Names of Hawaii">{{cite book
  | last = Pukui
  | first = Mary Kawena
  | title = Place Names of Hawaii
  | publisher = [[University of Hawaii Press|University Press of Hawaii]]
  | year = 1974
  | isbn = 0-8248-0208-X
  | author-link = Mary Kawena Pukui
  | url-access = registration
  | url = https://archive.org/details/placenamesofhawa0000puku
  }}</ref> Hanalei can also be translated as lei valley, referring to the rainbows that color the valley and encircle Hanalei like a wreath.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hawaiianencyclopedia.com/hanalei_history.html|title=Hawaiian Encyclopedia:Hanalei History|website=www.hawaiianencyclopedia.com|access-date=2019-06-03}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Hanalei is located at {{coord|22|12|24|N|159|30|3|W|type:city}} (22.206653, -159.500713),<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US1511500|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150103182409/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US1511500|archive-date=2015-01-03|url-status=dead}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US1511500|title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2015-01-03|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150103182409/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US1511500|archive-date=2015-01-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> near the mouth of the [[Hanalei River]] on [[Kauai]]'s north shore. It is bordered to the east by [[Princeville, Hawaii|Princeville]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has an area of {{convert|1.84|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|1.69|km2|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|0.15|km2|order=flip}} are water.<ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1511500|title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Hanalei CDP, Hawaii|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder|access-date=January 30, 2019}}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The total area is 8.17% water.

== History ==
Hanalei was densely populated in ancient times, boasting a thriving indigenous community that produced an abundance of food from both terrestrial and marine sources. The earliest inhabitants of Hanalei cultivated substantial quantities of taro, bananas, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, yams, and coconuts. With the arrival of foreigners in Hawaii, new agricultural endeavors were introduced. During the first half of the 19th century, Hanalei became a significant supplier of various crops, including mulberry leaves, coffee, tobacco, cotton, rice, sugarcane, citrus fruits, peaches, pineapples, bananas, dates, tamarinds, guava, potatoes, plantains, cabbage, lettuce, and other agricultural products.<ref name=":1"/>

=== Hawaiian Royalty ===

Hanalei, located on the island of Kauai, was a frequent destination for members of the Royal Hawaiian family during the 19th century. Notably, King Kamehameha II embarked on a 42-day voyage to Kauai in 1821. Later, King Kamehameha III visited Hanalei in 1852. Subsequent visits were made by King Kamehameha IV, who traveled to Hanalei in 1856 accompanied by Queen Emma and again with their young son, Prince Albert. These royal visits inspired Robert Crichton Wyllie, the owner of a local plantation, to name his estate Princeville in honor of the young prince

In 1867, Princess Ruth Ke’elikolani visited Hanalei, where she picnicked on the Hanalei River accompanied by her two poodles. Seven years later, in 1874, King Kalakaua also visited Hanalei Bay, receiving a ceremonial welcome that included a 21-gun salute. This salute was uniquely executed using cannons improvised from Ohia Lehua trees <ref name=":1" />

=== Imperial Russia ===
In the early 19th century [[Russian Empire|Russians]] were present here. In 1815 the German physician and agent of the [[Russian-American Company]] [[Georg Anton Schäffer]] came to the [[Hawaiian Islands]] to retrieve goods seized by [[Kaumualii|Kaumualiʻi]], chief of [[Kauai]] island. On arrival he became involved with internal Hawaiian politics, and Kaumualiʻi planned and manipulated to reclaim Kauai from [[Kamehameha I]] with the Russian Empire's help. Kaumualiʻi signed a "treaty" granting [[Alexander I of Russia|Tsar Alexander I]] [[protectorate]] over Kauai. In 1817, [[Russian Fort Elizabeth|Fort Elizabeth]], near the [[Waimea River (Kauai)|Waimea River]], and two other Russian forts near Hanalei were briefly part of tsarist [[Russian America]].<ref>{{cite news |author= William DeWitt Alexander |author-link= William DeWitt Alexander |number=6 |title= Proceedings of the Russians on Kauai, 1814–1816 |work= Papers of the Hawaiian Historical Society |publisher= Hawaiian Historical Society |year= 1896 |hdl=10524/976 }}</ref>

=== 1900s ===
During the early 20th century, the coastal plain of Hanalei was predominantly utilized for rice cultivation, with nearly all available land being dedicated to rice fields. The initial rice farmers were predominantly Chinese, later followed by Japanese, Filipino, Portuguese, and other ethnic groups. Many of these individuals were former sugarcane plantation workers who had completed their contractual obligations. The rice farming community in Hanalei established a comprehensive infrastructure, including homes, educational institutions, retail stores, rice mills, and places of worship such as churches and temples. Today, many descendants of these farmers and plantation workers continue to reside in Hanalei <ref name=":1"/>

== Demographics ==
{{US Census population
|2020= 444
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}
{{update section|date=January 2017}}
At the 2000 [[census]],<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> there were 478 people, 193 households and 115 families residing in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|736.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 303 housing units at an average density of {{convert|467.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the CDP was 57% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 18% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 3% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], <1% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 21% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 4.81% of the population.

There were 193 households, of which 25% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40% were non-families. 31% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.10.
[[File:Kauai-BeltRoad-Hanalei-bridge.JPG|thumb|right|The Hanalei Bridge, a one lane bridge located on Kuhio Highway, crosses the Hanalei River]]
[[Image:Hanalei Bucht im April.JPG|thumb|left|upright|alt=sandy beach|The beach at Hanalei Bay]]

24% of the population were under the age of 18, 7% from 18 to 24, 27% from 25 to 44, 30% from 45 to 64, and 12% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.8 males.

The [[median household income]] was $34,375, and the median family income was $55,750. Males had a median income of $31,500 versus $28,500 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $21,241. About 22% of families and 25% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 33% of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 and older.
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==Popular culture==
[[Image:Hanalei Valley from the Hanalei Lookout in Hanalei, Hawaii.jpg|right|thumb|Hanalei Valley viewed from the lookout near Princeville]]

Hanalei was the backdrop of several film productions, such as the 1958 [[musical film]] [[South Pacific (1958 film)|''South Pacific'']]. Scenes were filmed in the town itself and at [[Lumahai Beach]], west of town.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://thegardenisland.com/news/local/article_561f667e-4f75-11df-92d3-001cc4c03286.html |title= Bad timing cited for filming in Hanalei |newspaper= Kauai Garden Island News |date= April 23, 2010 |access-date= 2010-04-30 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100427015334/http://thegardenisland.com/news/local/article_561f667e-4f75-11df-92d3-001cc4c03286.html |archive-date= April 27, 2010 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

In 1983 parts of the movie [[Uncommon Valor]] were filmed two miles from Hanalei.

A speculative interpretation of the [[Peter Paul & Mary]] song "[[Puff, the Magic Dragon]]" as a [[marijuana]] metaphor claims that Puff's homeland "Hanah Lee" is actually the town of Hanalei, which, according to the interpretation, is renowned for its marijuana. The cliffs on the side of the beach are said to look like a dragon. This interpretation was rejected by the song's authors.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mikkelson |first=Barbara and David P |url=http://www.snopes.com/music/songs/puff.htm |title=Urban Legends: Puff, the Magic Dragon |publisher=snopes.com |date=2001-01-09 |access-date=2006-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://thegardenisland.com/news/no-hanalei-link-for-folk-song-puff-the-magic-dragon/ |title= No Hanalei link for folk song 'Puff the Magic Dragon' |date=July 25, 2004}}</ref>

The beach at Hanalei Bay was selected No. 1 on "Dr. Beach" [[Stephen Leatherman]]'s 2009 list of top 10 beaches.<ref name="Dr. Beach">{{cite web|url=http://www.drbeach.org/pastwinners.htm|title=America's Best Beach: Past National Winners|last=Leatherman|first=Stephen P.|author-link=Stephen Leatherman|date=2011-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726040149/http://www.drbeach.org/pastwinners.htm|archive-date=2012-07-26|url-status=dead|access-date=2013-02-09}}</ref>

Hanalei was mentioned in the TV series ''[[Twin Peaks]]'' as a place of residence for the town psychiatrist and his wife.

Parts of the movie ''[[The Descendants]]'' were filmed in and around Hanalei, on the beach at Hanalei Bay and in Princeville.

A song titled "Hanalei" was a part of the ''[[I'm with You Sessions]]'' by the [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] in 2013.

==Education==
Hanalei is served by the [[Hawaii Department of Education|Hawai{{okina}}i Department of Education]]. [[Hanalei Elementary School]] is in the community, and is a public K-6 school with around 250 students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hanalei.k12.hi.us/|title=Hanalei School|website=Hanalei School|language=en|access-date=2019-07-08}}</ref> Middle school and high school are in [[Kapaa, Hawaii|Kapa'a]] for all youth who reside on the North Shore of Kauai. Kapa'a middle school is for 6th-8th grade, and Kapa'a high school is for 9th-12th grade.

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Hanalei}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Kauai County, Hawaii}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Kauai County, Hawaii]]
[[Category:Populated places on Kauai]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Hawaii]]