Editing Hamilton, Massachusetts

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{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Hamilton, Massachusetts
| nickname                        = 
| motto                           = 
| image_skyline                   = Hamilton Town Hall.jpg
| imagesize                       = 275px
| image_caption                   = Hamilton Town Hall
| image_seal                      = Seal of Hamilton, Massachusetts.png
| image_flag                      = 
| image_map                       = Essex County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Hamilton highlighted.svg
| mapsize                         = 260px
| map_caption                     = Location in [[Essex County, Massachusetts|Essex County]] and the state of [[Massachusetts]].
| subdivision_type                = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name                = United States
| subdivision_type1               = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Massachusetts]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[List of counties in Massachusetts|County]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Essex County, Massachusetts|Essex]]
| established_title               = Settled
| established_date                = {{Start date and age|1638}}
| established_title2              = Incorporated
| established_date2               = {{Start date and age|1793}}
| established_title3              = 
| established_date3               = 
| government_type                 = [[Open town meeting]]
| leader_title                    = <!--[[Town Administrator|Town<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Administrator]]-->
| leader_name                     = 
| leader_title1                   = <!--Board of <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selectmen-->
| leader_name1                    = 
| area_magnitude                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = 38.6
| area_total_sq_mi                = 
| area_land_km2                   = 36.7
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 
| area_water_km2                  = 1.9
| area_water_sq_mi                = 
| population_as_of                = 2020
| settlement_type                 = [[New England town|Town]]
| population_total                = 7561
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_density_sq_mi        = 
| elevation_m                     = 15
| elevation_ft                    = 
| timezone                        = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset                      = −5
| timezone_DST                    = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset_DST                  = −4
| coordinates                     = {{coord|42|37|10.95|N|70|51|17.24|W|region:US-MA_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type                = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code                     = 01936 (Hamilton)<br/>01982 ([[South Hamilton, Massachusetts|South Hamilton]])
| area_code                       = [[Area code 351|351]]/[[Area code 978|978]]
| blank_name                      = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info                      = 25-27900
| blank1_name                     = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info                     = 0619446
| website                         = {{URL|www.hamiltonma.gov}}
| footnotes                       = 
}}

'''Hamilton''' is a [[New England town|town]] in the eastern central portion of [[Essex County, Massachusetts|Essex County]] in eastern [[Massachusetts]], United States.  At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], it had a population of 7,561.<ref name="Census 2020">{{cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US2500927900| title=Census - Geography Profile: Hamilton town, Essex County, Massachusetts| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]| access-date=November 7, 2021}}</ref> Notably, the town has no industrially-zoned land.

Though Hamilton is a landlocked town in the [[North Shore (Massachusetts)|North Shore]] region of Massachusetts, its proximity to it provides easy access to the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] seashore with its reservations, beaches and boating. The town includes many historic houses, pastoral landscapes, and old stone walls that accompany winding tree-lined roads.

Hamilton is closely tied to neighboring [[Wenham, Massachusetts|Wenham]], sharing a school system, library, recreation department, [[Hamilton/Wenham (MBTA station)|commuter rail station]].

Hamilton also includes [[South Hamilton, Massachusetts|South Hamilton]], a subsection with its own postal region (ZIP Code 01982), but no separate government.

==History==
In June 1638, [[John Winthrop the Younger]], son of the founder of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]], bought most of present-day [[Essex County, Massachusetts|Essex County]] from [[Chief Masconomet|Masconomet]], chief of the [[Agawam tribe|Agawam Indians]], for the sum of twenty [[English pound]]s.  A memorial stone on Sagamore Hill in southeastern Hamilton marks where Masconomet was buried with his gun and tomahawk around 1658.
 
Hamilton was first settled in 1638 and was originally a section of [[Ipswich, Massachusetts|Ipswich]] known as "The Hamlet". The first recorded land grant in the Hamlet was Matthew Whipple's farm, dated 1638. Three years later the new stagecoach road from [[Boston]] to [[Newburyport, Massachusetts|Newburyport]] (Bay Road) was laid out through the Whipple land.  Other early settlers of the Hamlet, including the Appletons, Winthrops, Lamsons, and Dodges, were attracted by countryside similar to the English farms and estates they had left behind.

The town was incorporated on June 21, 1793,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hfUBAAAAYAAJ&dq=Hamilton+was+incorporated+on+June+21%2C+1793&pg=PA284|title=The Massachusetts Register and United States Calendar for the Year of Our Lord ...|date=31 January 1848|publisher=Richardson, Lord & Holbrook, and James Loring|access-date=31 January 2022|via=Google Books}}</ref> and named for [[Alexander Hamilton]], whose portrait became the town seal in 1903. With the arrival of the [[Boston and Maine Railroad]] in 1839, the population center moved gradually southward toward the depot.

The farm village proved to be an attractive location for Boston groups seeking land for recreation and renewal.  A [[Methodist]] ministers' association first held a camp meeting at [[Asbury Grove]] in 1859.  In the 1880s, the [[Myopia Hunt Club]], which had been named in jest for its nearsighted founders, moved from [[Winchester, Massachusetts]], to the Gibney Farm in Hamilton.  Beginning as a lawn tennis and baseball club, it turned to [[polo]], the [[Fox hunting|hunt]], and [[golf]] as members built large summer estates in the area.  Myopia donated the site for the General [[George S. Patton]] Memorial Park to the town of Hamilton.  The park continues to be a recreation center for the town.

In 1921, the Mandell family built the [[Community House (Hamilton, Massachusetts)|Community House]] in memory of the eight men in Hamilton and Wenham who died in military service during [[World War I]], including their son, Sam.  They commissioned [[Guy Lowell]], a respected architect of Boston and New York, to design the building, and gave the Community House in trust for the use of the residents of both towns.  Although in its early days the Community House offered activities such as bowling and a men's smoking room, it now features a wide range of classes and activities for all ages.<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Beattie|editor-first=Donald W. |year=1976 |title=Hamilton, Massachusetts: Chronicle of a Country Town |url=https://digitalmaine.com/books/147/ |location=Hamilton, MA |publisher=Town of Hamilton, Massachusetts American Revolution Bicentennial Commission}}</ref><ref>Pulsifer, Janice P., ''Changing Town: Hamilton, Massachusetts 1850–1910''; Hamilton, MA: Hamilton Historical Society, 1976.</ref><ref>Safford, Daniel E., "Hamilton" in ''The History of Essex County, Volume II''; Philadelphia: J. W. Lewis & Company, 1888.</ref>

The town also has a rich [[Equestrianism|equestrian]] heritage, which remains strong due to the influence of the many horse farms and the [[Myopia Hunt Club]], which holds frequent equestrian events.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nephotographyguild.com/2011/11/experience-the-myopia-club-fox-hunt-this-thanksgiving/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304023217/http://www.nephotographyguild.com/2011/11/experience-the-myopia-club-fox-hunt-this-thanksgiving/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=March 4, 2013 |title=Experience The Myopia Club Fox Hunt This Thanksgiving! |publisher=Nephotographyguild.com |access-date=2015-04-24}}</ref> Motorists in Hamilton often share secondary roads with horse and pony riders.

In 2021, Hamilton became the first town in Massachusetts to mandate composting.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Janelle |last=Nanos |date=February 21, 2021 |title=Hamilton becomes first Mass. town to mandate composting  |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/02/21/business/hamilton-becomes-first-mass-town-mandate-composting/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=The Boston Globe |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Here's what local climate action looks like in small-town USA |url=https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/heres-what-local-climate-action-looks-like-in-small-town-usa |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=Canary Media |language=en}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px">
File:View of First Congregational Church from Hamilton Cemetery.jpg|alt=View of First Congregational Church from Hamilton Cemetery|View of First Congregational Church from Hamilton Cemetery
File:Hamilton-Wenham Public Library.jpg|Hamilton-Wenham Public Library
File:Hamilton Town Hall 1.jpg|Hamilton Town Hall Hamilton, Massachusetts
</gallery>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|38.6|km2|disp=flip}}, of which {{convert|36.7|km2|disp=flip}} is land and {{convert|1.9|km2|disp=flip}}, or 4.89%, is water.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.census.gov| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Hamilton town, Essex County, Massachusetts| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]| access-date=September 4, 2012}}</ref> Hamilton lies {{convert|5|mi|0}} inland from [[Massachusetts Bay]], and both the eastern and western portion of town are bordered by water, with the [[Ipswich River]] to the west and [[Chebacco Lake]] and several other small ponds to the east. The highest point in town is found on Blueberry Hill in [[Bradley Palmer State Park]], with an elevation of at least {{convert|215|ft}}, according to the most recent (2011-2012) USGS 7.5-minute topographical map.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ims.er.usgs.gov/gda_services/download?item_id=5644852 |title=Georgetown Map |publisher=Ims.er.usgs.gov |access-date=2015-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114011950/http://ims.er.usgs.gov/gda_services/download?item_id=5644852 |archive-date=2016-01-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Several areas of town are protected, including [[Myopia Hunt Club]] and parts of Bradley Palmer State Park, Appleton Farm Grass Rides, and the Ipswich River Wildlife Sanctuary.

Patton Park, a center of activity for the town in downtown Hamilton, was named after General [[George S. Patton]].

Hamilton is bordered by [[Ipswich, Massachusetts|Ipswich]] to the north, [[Essex, Massachusetts|Essex]] to the east, [[Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts|Manchester-by-the-Sea]] to the southeast, [[Wenham, Massachusetts|Wenham]] to the south, and [[Topsfield, Massachusetts|Topsfield]] to the west.  It is located {{convert|12|mi}} south of [[Newburyport]], {{convert|8|mi|0}} north of [[Salem, Massachusetts|Salem]] and {{convert|23|mi}} northeast of [[Boston]].

==Transportation==
* [[MBTA Commuter Rail]] provides service from Boston's [[North Station]] with the [[Hamilton/Wenham (MBTA station)|Hamilton/Wenham]] station on its [[Newburyport, Massachusetts|Newburyport]] branch of the [[Newburyport/Rockport Line]]. The MBTA Commuter Rail is within walking distance of the town hall, homes and the many small shops in town.
* There are no freeways within town; [[Massachusetts Route 128|Route 128]] provides the nearest access, in Beverly. [[Massachusetts Route 1A|Route 1A]] passes through the center of town, and [[Massachusetts Route 22|Route 22]] passes through the eastern corner of town between Wenham and its eastern terminus in Essex.
* The nearest airport is [[Beverly Municipal Airport]], and the nearest national and international air service can be found at Boston's [[Logan International Airport]].

==Demographics==
{{See also|List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income}}
{{Historical populations | type=USA
 | 1850|889
 | 1860|789
 | 1870|790
 | 1880|935
 | 1890|961
 | 1900|1614
 | 1910|1749
 | 1920|1631
 | 1930|2044
 | 1940|2037
 | 1950|2764
 | 1960|5488
 | 1970|6373
 | 1980|6960
 | 1990|7280
 | 2000|8315
 | 2010|7764
 | 2020|7561
 | 2022*|7526
 | footnote=* = population estimate.  {{Historical populations/Massachusetts municipalities references}}<ref>{{cite web | title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date=November 23, 2023 | url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 8,315 people, 2,668 households, and 2,142 families residing in the town. (Update: The population was 8251 in 2009, down less than 100 from the 8,315 of the 2000 census. Based on the total area, both land and water, the density is therefore 553.8 persons per square mile.)  As of the 2000 census, there were 2,825 housing units at an average density of {{convert|193.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the town was 94.19% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.47% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.17% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 4.26% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.05% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.34% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.53% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.99% of the population.

There were 2,668 households, out of which 66.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.7% were non-families. Of all households, 15.7% were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The [[median income]] for a household in the town was $116,900. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $50,599.  About 7.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]].

==Education==
Hamilton is esteemed for the regional school district it shares with neighboring [[Wenham, Massachusetts|Wenham]], and Hamilton is where the majority of the schools in the Hamilton-Wenham Regional School District are located. The town serves two elementary schools; the Winthrop, and Cutler schools. The town only has one middle school; the Miles River Middle School. High School students attend [[Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School]].

The [[Pingree School]], a private secondary school, is located on the historic Pingree Family Estate in Hamilton.

Hamilton is also home to [[Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary]], an [[interdenominational]] [[evangelicalism|evangelical]] [[theological]] [[seminary]].

==Notable people==
* [[Bo Burnham]], comedian, musician, actor, and filmmaker
* [[Michael Carter-Williams]], basketball player
* [[David M. Kelly]], lawyer and politician
* [[Chief Masconomet|Masconomet]], Native American chief
* [[William J. McGarry]], Jesuit and president of [[Boston College]]
* [[David Morse]], actor
* [[Kevin O'Connor (television)|Kevin O'Connor]], television host
* [[George S. Patton]], U.S. Army general{{efn|Known for his exploits in [[World War II]], Patton resided in Hamilton. This is the reason for Patton Park, a park made famous by the installation of an [[M4 Sherman]] full-sized World War II tank on which many children and young adults play. At one point, children were able to play inside the tank until the late 1960s when a fire was set inside. After this, the hatches were welded shut.}}
* [[George S. Patton IV]], U.S. Army general and son of the above{{efn|In the years after his 1980 retirement from the [[United States Army|Army]] with the rank of [[Major General#United States|Major General]], Patton turned a Hamilton estate owned by his late father into the {{convert|250|acre|km2}} Green Meadows Farm, where he named the fields in honor of [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]] soldiers who died under his command.}}
* John Ryan Pike, former drummer for [[Ra Ra Riot]]
* [[Justin Rennicks]], soccer player
* [[John Shea (archaeologist)|John Shea]], archaeologist
* [[Marcus Zegarowski]], former [[Creighton University]] basketball player and current [[NBA]] player
* [[George von Lengerke Meyer]], U.S. ambassador to Italy and Russia, Secretary of the Navy, and Postmaster General

==Historic places==
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Asbury Grove]]
* [[Austin Brown House]]
* [[Brown House (Hamilton, Massachusetts)|Brown House]]
* [[Emeline Patch House]]
* [[Hamilton Historic District (Hamilton, Massachusetts)|Hamilton Historic District]]
* [[Myopia Hunt Club]], site of the [[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]] in 1898, 1901, 1905, and 1908
* [[Woodberry-Quarrels House]]
{{Div col end}}

== Explanatory notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== General and cited references ==
* {{cite book |last=Dodge |first=Barnabas | year=1788 |chapter=Hamilton |title=Essex County 1795 |url=http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=HAMILTON.jpg&atlastype=Atlases&atlastown=ESSEX+COUNTY&atlas=ESSEX+COUNTY+1795&atlas_desc=ESSEX+COUNTY+1795&pageprefix= |publisher= salemdeeds.com}}
* {{cite book |last=Felt |first=Joseph Barlow |year=1834 |title=History of Ipswich, Essex, and Hamilton |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofipswich00feltj |location=Cambridge, Mass. |publisher=C. Folsom}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Hamilton (Massachusetts)}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.hamiltonma.gov Town of Hamilton official website]
* [https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search?f%5Bsubject_geographic_sim%5D%5B%5D=Hamilton Hamilton files search] at the Massachusetts Archives (Digital Commonwealth)
** [https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:25152n20z Plan of Hamilton made by A. Brown, dated 1831]—Massachusetts Archives (Digital Commonwealth)
* {{cite web |author=D.G. Beers & Co |title=Hamilton |work=Essex County 1872 |publisher=Registry of Deeds, Southern Essex District |access-date=2 August 2010 |url=http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PLATE_0073.jpg&atlastype=Atlases&atlastown=ESSEX+COUNTY&atlas=ESSEX+COUNTY+1872&atlas_desc=ESSEX+COUNTY+1872&pageprefix= |archive-date=17 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717114853/http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PLATE_0073.jpg&atlastype=Atlases&atlastown=ESSEX%20COUNTY&atlas=ESSEX%20COUNTY%201872&atlas_desc=ESSEX%20COUNTY%201872&pageprefix= |url-status=dead }}
* [https://collections.leventhalmap.org/book_viewer/commonwealth:4m90hk372#1/1 Atlas of Essex County Massachusetts] (1884)—see Plate 103
* [http://docs.unh.edu/towns/HamiltonMassachusettsMapList.htm Old USGS maps of Hamilton] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513142749/http://docs.unh.edu/towns/HamiltonMassachusettsMapList.htm |date=2008-05-13 }}<!-- See: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/national-geospatial-program/historical-topographic-maps-preserving-past -->
* [http://www.rootsweb.com/~machamil/ Historical Resources for Hamilton], at Rootsweb

{{Massachusetts}}
{{Essex County, Massachusetts}}

[[Category:Hamilton, Massachusetts| ]]