Editing Hamelin

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{{more citations needed|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox German location
|German_name       = Hameln
|image_photo       = Hameln Panorama 3-2006 small.jpg
|image_caption     = Panorama of Hameln
|type              = Town
|image_coa         = DEU Hamelin COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|52|6|N|9|22|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan        = Hameln in HM.svg
|state             = Lower Saxony
|district          = Hameln-Pyrmont
|elevation         = 68
|area              = 102.53
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 03252006
|postal_code       = 31785–89, 3250
|area_code         = 05151
|licence           = HM
|website           = [https://www.hameln.de/ www.hameln.de]
|mayor             = Claudio Griese<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen.statistik.niedersachsen.de/KW2021/reports/DW/20210912_DW_Uebersicht.pdf|title=Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021|date=13 October 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref>
|leader_term       = 2021&ndash;26
|Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
|party             = CDU
}}

'''Hameln''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|æ|m|əl|ᵻ|n}} {{respell|HAM|(ə|)lin}}; {{langx|de|Hameln}} {{IPA|de|ˈhaːml̩n||De-Hameln.ogg}}) is a town on the river [[Weser]] in [[Lower Saxony]], Germany. It is the capital of the district of [[Hameln-Pyrmont]] and has a population of roughly 57,000. Hamelin is best known for the tale of the [[Pied Piper of Hamelin]].

==History==
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2017}}
Hameln started with a monastery, which was founded as early as 851 AD; its surrounding village became a town by the 12th century. The incident involving the "Pied Piper" (see below) is said to have occurred in 1284 and may be based on a true event, although somewhat different from the traditional tale. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Hamelin was a minor member of the [[Hanseatic League]].

In June 1634, during the [[Thirty Years' War]], Lothar Dietrich, [[Freiherr]] of Bönninghausen, a general in the [[Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Emperor]], lost the [[Battle of Oldendorf]] to the Swedish [[Dodo zu Innhausen und Knyphausen|General Kniphausen]], after Hamelin had been besieged by the Swedish army.

The era of the town's greatest prosperity began in 1664, when Hamelin became a fortified border town of the [[Principality of Calenberg]]. In 1705, it became part of the newly created [[Electorate of Hanover]] when [[George I of Great Britain|George Louis, Prince of Calenberg]], later King George I of [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]], inherited the [[Principality of Lüneburg]].

Hameln was surrounded by four fortresses, which gave it the nickname "Gibraltar of the North", and was the most heavily fortified town in the Electorate of Hanover. The first fort (Fort George) was built between 1760 and 1763, the second (Fort Wilhelm) in 1774, a third in 1784, and the last, called Fort Luise, was built in 1806.

In 1806, Hamelin [[Siege of Hamelin|surrendered without a fight]] to the French forces, after [[Napoleon]]'s victory at the [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt]]. Napoleon's forces subsequently pulled down the town's historic walls, the guard towers, and the three fortresses at the other side of the river Weser. In 1843, the people of Hamelin built a sightseeing tower on the Klüt Hill out of the ruins of Fort George. The tower is called the ''Klütturm'' and is a popular sight for tourists.

In 1867 Hamelin became part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]], which annexed Hanover in the aftermath of the [[Austro-Prussian War]] of 1866.

Between 1933 and 1937, the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi regime]] held the [[Reich Harvest Thanksgiving Festival]] at the nearby [[Bückeberg (Hagenohsen)|Bückeberg]] hill, to celebrate the achievements of Germany's farmers.

During [[World War II]], [[Hamelin Prison]] was used for the detention of [[Social Democrat]]s, [[Communist]]s, and other [[political prisoner]]s. Around 200 died there, and more died in April 1945, when the Nazis sent the prisoners on long marches, fearing the Allied advance. Just after the war, Hamelin prison was used by British Occupation Forces for the detention of Germans accused of war crimes. Following their conviction, around 200 were hanged there, including [[Irma Grese]] and [[Josef Kramer]], along with over a dozen of the perpetrators of the [[Stalag Luft III murders]]. The prison has since been turned into a hotel.<ref name="capitalpunishment" >{{cite web |url=http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/hameln.htm |title=Post World War II hangings under British jurisdiction at Hameln Prison in Germany. }}</ref> Executed war criminals were interred in the prison yard until it became full, and further burials took place at the Am Wehl Cemetery in Hameln. In March 1954, German authorities began exhuming the 91 bodies from the prison yard, which were reburied in individual graves in consecrated ground in Am Wehl Cemetery.<ref name="capitalpunishment" />

The [[coat of arms]] (German: ''Wappen'') of Hamelin depicts the Minster of St. Boniface, the oldest church in the city.<ref>[http://www.muenster-hameln.de/startpage.html Start page] at muenster-hameln.de</ref>

==Geography==

===Subdivisions===
[[File:Weser watershed 7.png|thumb|Watershed of the river [[Weser]].]]

* Nordstadt
* Südstadt
* West/Klütviertel
* Ost/Basberg
* Mitte/Altstadt
* Wehl
* Afferde
* Hastenbeck
* Halvestorf (Halvestorf, Bannensiek, Weidehohl and Hope)
* Haverbeck
* Hilligsfeld (Groß und Klein Hilligsfeld)
* Sünteltal (Holtensen, Unsen, Welliehausen)
* Klein Berkel / Wangelist
* Tündern
* Wehrbergen
* Rohrsen

==Demographics==
{|class="wikitable"
!Year!!Inhabitants
|-
|1689|| 2,398
|-
|1825||5,326
|-
|1905|| 21,385
|-
|1939|| 32,000
|-
|1968|| 48,787
|-
|2005|| 58,872
|-
|2018|| 57,510 
|}

==Attractions==
[[File:Pied piper.jpg|thumb|1592 painting of Pied Piper copied from the glass window of Marktkirche in Hamelin]] 
[[File:Pied Piper2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[Pied Piper of Hamelin|Pied Piper]] leads the children out of Hamelin. Illustration by [[Kate Greenaway]].]]
[[File:Hamelin 2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Christmas market in Hamelin.]]

===Tale of the Pied Piper===
The town is famous for the folk tale of the [[Pied Piper of Hamelin]] ({{langx|de|Der Rattenfänger von Hameln}}), a [[medieval]] story that tells of a tragedy that befell the town in the 13th century. The version written by the [[Brothers Grimm]] made it popular throughout the world. It is also the subject of well-known poems by [[Goethe|Johann von Goethe]] and [[Robert Browning]]. Every Sunday in summer, the tale is performed by actors in the town centre.

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Hamelin is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Freundschaft über Hunderte Kilometer hinweg|url=https://www.hameln.de/de/buergerservice-verwaltung/die-stadtverwaltung/kooperation-partner-und-patenschaften/staedtepartnerschaften/|website=hameln.de|publisher=Hameln|language=de|access-date=2021-02-12}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Gmina Kalwaria Zebrzydowska|Kalwaria Zebrzydowska]], Poland
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Quedlinburg]], Germany
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Saint-Maur-des-Fossés]], France
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Torbay]], England, United Kingdom

==Media==
The ''{{ill|Deister- und Weserzeitung|de}}'', known as ''DeWeZet'', publishes out of Hameln.

==British army presence==
Hamelin was home to several Royal Engineer units, including 35 Engineer Regiment and 28 Amphibious Engineer Regiment until summer 2014, with many of the British families housed at Hastenbeck (Schlehenbusch) and Afferde. It was also home to the Royal Corps of Transport unit of 26 Bridging Regiment RCT, comprising 35 Sqn RCT and 40 Sqn RCT, until 1971.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hameln.de/stadtportal/aktuelles-presse/507/1115.htm |title=Briten ziehen früher aus Hameln ab |access-date=2012-12-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230040847/http://www.hameln.de/stadtportal/aktuelles-presse/507/1115.htm |archive-date=2012-12-30 }}</ref>

==Notable people==
[[File:Hameln1.jpg|thumb|175px|Postcard ''"Gruss aus Hameln"'' featuring the Pied Piper of Hamelin, 1902]]
*Saint [[Vicelinus]] (1086–1154), Bishop of Oldenburg, born in the town.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle= St. Vicelinus |volume= 15 |last= Mershman |first= Francis |author-link= |short=1}}</ref>
*''[[Pied Piper of Hamelin]]'' (ca 1284), the [[title character]] of a legend from the town.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Hameln |volume= 12 |page= 876, see para 3 |quote= Legend of the Pied Piper: Hameln is famed as the scene of the myth of the piper of Hameln.... |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Glückel of Hameln]] (1646–1724), Jewish businesswoman and diarist
*[[Peter the Wild Boy]] (ca 1713–1785), found in 1725 living wild in the nearby woods 
*[[Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden]] (1752–1815), pioneer in mining and [[metallurgy]].
*[[Karl Philipp Moritz]] (1756–1793), author of the [[Sturm und Drang]] and [[Age of Enlightenment]] periods.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Moritz, Karl Philipp |volume= 18 |page= 838 |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Anton Friedrich Justus Thibaut]] (1772–1840), a jurist and musician.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Thibaut, Anton Friedrich Justus |volume= 26 |page= 846 |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Friedrich Sertürner]] (1783–1841), [[pharmacist]], isolated morphine from opium (1822–1841)
*[[Johann Ludwig Dammert]] (1788–1855), the first [[List of mayors of Hamburg|Mayor and President of the Senate of Hamburg]] in 1843.
*[[Heinrich Bürger]] (1806–1858), German physicist, biologist and botanist, studied Japanese fauna and flora.
*[[Julius Wellhausen]] (1844–1918), Biblical scholar and orientalist.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Wellhausen, Julius |volume= 28 |page=507 |short=1}}</ref>
*[[Oswald Freisler]] (1895–1939), lawyer and brother of [[Roland Freisler]]
*[[Ida Schreiter]] (1912–1948), concentration camp warden executed for war crimes
*[[Heinz Knoke]] (1921–1993), German officer and [[Flying ace]] of the Luftwaffe
*[[Reinhard Busse]] (born 1963), physician and health economist.
*[[Benjamin-Gunnar Cohrs]] (1965–2023), conductor, beginning at the local Youth Music School 
*[[Max Richter]] (born 1966), neo-classical composer
*[[Markus Pieper]] (born 1963), politician and [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]]
*[[Susan Stahnke]] (born 1967), German TV presenter
*[[Jens Todt]] (born 1970), footballer who played 340 games

==See also==
*[[German Fairy Tale Route]]
*[[Metropolitan region Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg]]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Hameln Rattenfängerhause Osterstraße Germany Duitsland.jpg|Hameln Rattenfängerhaus
File:Hameln Leisthaus.jpg|The ''Leisthaus'', Hamelin
File:Jüdischer Friedhof Hameln Ausschnitt.jpg|Jewish cemetery of Hamelin
File:GoldeneRatte.jpg|The Golden Rat, on a footbridge over the River [[Weser]] in Hamelin
File:Hamelin_Hochzeitshaus.jpg|The Hochzeitshaus, the church's Glockenspiel plays the story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Hameln}}
*{{Official website}} {{in lang|de|en}} 
*[http://webgerman.com/Notgeld/Directory/H/Hameln.htm Hameln Notgeld] (emergency banknotes) depicting the story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin http://webgerman.com/Notgeld/Directory/H/Hameln.htm

{{Cities and towns in Hamelin-Pyrmont (district)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hamelin| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Lower Saxony]]
[[Category:Hameln-Pyrmont]]
[[Category:Members of the Hanseatic League]]