Editing Haematomyzus

{{Short description|Genus of lice}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Haematomyzus elephantis (9197687258).jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Haematomyzus elephantis]]''
| display_parents = 5
| taxon = Haematomyzus
| authority = Piaget, 1869<ref name="Piaget, 1869">{{cite journal |last1=Piaget |first1=E. |title=Description d'un parasite de l'elephant, ''Haematomyzus elephantis''' |journal=Tijdschrift voor Entomologie |date=1869 |volume=12 |pages=249–254 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10854712}}</ref>
| parent_authority=Enderlein, 1904<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Enderlein |first1=Günther |title=Über die Morphologie, Klassifikation und systematische Stellung der Anopluren nebst Bemerkungen zur Systematik der Insektenordnungen |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger |date=1904 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=136–137 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9902856}}</ref>
| grandparent_authority=Ferris, 1931<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ferris |first1=G. F. |title=The Louse of Elephants. ''Haematomyzus elephantis'' Piaget (Mallophaga: Haematomyzidae) |journal=Parasitology |date=1931 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=112–128 |doi=10.1017/S0031182000013494|s2cid=84868661 }}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = {{Linked species list
|Haematomyzus elephantis{{!}}H. elephantis|Piaget, 1869<ref name="Piaget, 1869"/>
|Haematomyzus hopkinsi{{!}}H. hopkinsi|Clay, 1963<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clay |first1=Theresa |title=A new species of ''Haematomyzus'' Piaget (Phthiraptera, Insecta) |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |date=1963 |volume=141 |issue=1 |pages=153–161 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1963.tb01606.x}}</ref>
|Haematomyzus porci{{!}}H. porci|Emerson & Price, 1988<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Emerson |first1=K. C. |last2=Price |first2=Roger D. |title=A new species of ''Haematomyzus'' (Mallophaga: Haematomyzidae) off the bush pig, ''Potamochoerus porcus'', from Ethiopia, with comments on lice found on pigs |journal=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |date=1988 |volume=90 |issue=3 |pages=338–342 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16144760}}</ref>}}
| type_species=''[[Haematomyzus elephantis]]''
| type_species_authority=Piaget, 1869
| synonyms={{Genus list
|Idolocoris|Walker, 1872
|Phantasmocoris|White, 1872}}
| synonyms_ref={{sfn|Hopkins|Clay|1952|p=163}}
}}

The [[genus]] '''''Haematomyzus''''' includes three species of [[lice]] that differ so markedly from all other lice that the genus is placed in its own [[family (biology)|family]] '''Haematomyzidae''', itself [[monotypic]] within the [[parvorder]] '''Rhynchophthirina''' (previously ranked as a [[superfamily (taxonomy)|superfamily]]).{{sfn|Price |Hellenthal |Palma |Johnson |2003|p=466}} These unusual lice are [[parasite|ectoparasites]] of [[elephant]]s and [[warthog]]s. Their mouthparts are elongated to form a drill-like structure that allows them to penetrate the thick skin of their host.

==Taxonomy==
The three species, ''[[Haematomyzus elephantis]]'' (elephant louse), ''[[Haematomyzus hopkinsi]]'' (warthog louse) and ''[[Haematomyzus porci]]'' ([[red river hog]] louse) belong to a single family, the Haematomyzidae, itself the only family within Rhynchophthirina.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=V. S. |last2=Broom |first2=Y. |last3=Dalgleish |first3=R. |title=Rhynchophthirina |url=https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/category/lice/animalia/arthropoda/insecta/phthiraptera/rhynchophthirina |website=Phthiraptera.info |access-date=11 April 2022}}
* {{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=V. S. |last2=Broom |first2=Y. |last3=Dalgleish |first3=R. |title=Haematomyzidae  |url=https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/category/chewing-lice/haematomyzidae |website=Phthiraptera.info |access-date=11 April 2022  |ref=none}}
* {{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=V. S. |last2=Broom |first2=Y. |last3=Dalgleish |first3=R. |title=''Haematomyzus'' Piaget, E.|url=https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/category/chewing-lice/haematomyzidae/haematomyzus |website=Phthiraptera.info |access-date=11 April 2022 |ref=none}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kapoor |first1=V. C. |title=Perspectives in Insect Systematics |date=1985 |publisher=Inter-India |location=New Delhi |page=155}}</ref> Rhychophthirina is a [[parvorder]] within the [[infraorder]] [[Phthiraptera]].<ref name="PsocodeaSpeciesFile">{{Cite web| website = Psocodea Species File |title = Rhynchophthirina Ferris, 1931 |last1 = Hopkins |first1 = H. |last2 = Johnson |first2 = K. P. |last3 = Smith |first3 = V. S. |url = https://psocodea.speciesfile.org/otus/879870/overview |access-date=May 16, 2025}}</ref><ref name="deMoya2021">{{Cite journal|last1=de Moya|first1=Robert S|last2=Yoshizawa|first2=Kazunori|last3=Walden|first3=Kimberly K O|last4=Sweet|first4=Andrew D|last5=Dietrich|first5=Christopher H|last6=Kevin P|first6=Johnson|date=2021-06-16|editor-last=Buckley|editor-first=Thomas|title=Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea): Combining Sequence Data and Exploring Compositional Bias Solutions in Next Generation Data Sets|url=https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/70/4/719/5912026|journal=Systematic Biology|language=en|volume=70|issue=4|pages=719–738|doi=10.1093/sysbio/syaa075|pmid=32979270|issn=1063-5157|doi-access=free}}</ref> A molecular phylogenetic study using subunit rRNA sequences suggests a placement of the Rhychophthirina as a [[sister taxon|sister group]] of the [[Sucking louse|Anoplura]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barker |first=Stephen C. |last2=Whiting |first2=Michael |last3=Johnson |first3=Kevin P. |last4=Murrell |first4=Anna |date=2003 |title=Phylogeny of the lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera) inferred from small subunit rRNA |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00120.x |journal=Zoologica Scripta |language=en |volume=32 |issue=5 |pages=407–414 |doi=10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00120.x |issn=0300-3256}}</ref>

Below is a [[cladogram]] showing the position of Rhychophthirina within [[Phthiraptera]]:<ref name="deMoya2021"/>
{{clade| style=font-size:85%; line-height:100%
 |label1='''[[Phthiraptera]]'''
 |1={{clade
  |1={{clade
   |label1=[[Ischnocera]]
   |1=[[Philopteridae]]
   |2={{clade
    |1={{clade
     |1=[[Anoplura]]
     |2='''Rhynchophthirina''' }}
    |label2=[[Trichodectera]]
    |2=[[Trichodectidae]] }} }}
  |2=[[Amblycera]] }} }}

== Host records ==
''H. elephantis'' is known from both the African and Asian Elephant in captivity but the species found in the wild are thought to have coevolved with their hosts and further study is required.{{sfn|Price |Hellenthal |Palma |Johnson |2003 |pp=79, 396}}

== Notes ==
The first spelling of "Rhyncophthirina" by Ferris was a lapse, and in subsequent use of the term he spelled it "Rhynchophthirina" adding the second "h". Ordinal names are not covered by the International Code of Nomenclature and thus the name and spelling comes down to a matter of personal preference. The majority of phthirapterists spell the suborder as "Rhynchophthirina" as did Hopkins and Clay, 1952,{{sfn|Hopkins|Clay|1952|p=13}} and Price ''et al.'', 2003.{{sfn|Price |Hellenthal |Palma |Johnson |2003 |p=466}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== References ===
* {{cite book|last1=Hopkins |first1=G. H. E. |last2=Clay |first2=Theresa |title=A Check List of the Genera & Species of Mallphaga |date=1952 |page=13 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50856970 |publisher=The British Museum (Natural History) |location=London}}
* {{cite book |last1=Price |first1=Roger D. |last2=Hellenthal |first2=Ronald A. |last3=Palma |first3=Ricardo L. |last4=Johnson |first4=Kevin P. |last5=Clayton |first5=Dale H. |title=The Chewing Lice: World Checklist and Biological Overview |date=2003 |publisher=Illinois Natural History Survey |series=Special Publication |volume=24 |isbn=1-882932-08-0}}

{{Psocodea|2}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q16515986|from2=Q18558848|from3=Q15708621|from4=Q21349738}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lice]]
[[Category:Insect genera]]
[[Category:Insects of Africa]]
[[Category:Insects of Asia]]


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