Editing Haakon VII

{{Short description|King of Norway from 1905 to 1957}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name            = Haakon VII
|succession      = [[King of Norway]]
|image           = Haakon VII FSA.jpg
|caption         = King Haakon in 1930
|reign           = 18 November 1905 − {{nowrap|21 September 1957}}
|coronation      = 22 June 1906<br/>[[Nidaros Cathedral]], [[Trondheim]], Norway
|cor-type = Norway
|predecessor     = [[Oscar II]]
|successor       = [[Olav V]]
|spouse          = {{marriage|[[Maud of Wales]]|22 July 1896|20 November 1938|reason=died}}
|issue           = [[Olav V]]
|house           = [[House of Glücksburg|Glücksburg]]
|father          = [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]]
|mother          = [[Louise of Sweden]]
|birth_name      = Prince Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel of Denmark
|birth_date      = {{birth date|df=yes|1872|8|3}}
|birth_place     = [[Charlottenlund Palace]], Copenhagen, Denmark
|death_date      = {{death date and age|df=yes|1957|9|21|1872|8|3}}
|death_place     = [[Royal Palace, Oslo|Royal Palace]], Oslo, Norway
|date of burial  = 1 October 1957
|place of burial = [[Akershus Castle]], Oslo, Norway
|signature       = Haakon VII signature.svg
}}
'''Haakon VII''' ({{IPA|no|ˈhôːkʊn}}; 3 August 1872{{spaced ndash}}21 September 1957) was [[King of Norway]] from 18 November 1905 until his death in 1957.

The future Haakon VII was born in [[Copenhagen]] as '''Prince Carl of Denmark'''. He was the second son of the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Denmark (later [[King Frederick VIII]] and [[Louise of Sweden|Queen Louise]]). Prince Carl was educated at the [[Royal Danish Naval Academy]] and served in the [[Royal Danish Navy]]. After the [[Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden|1905 dissolution]] of the [[union between Sweden and Norway]], he was offered the Norwegian crown. Following a [[1905 Norwegian monarchy referendum|November plebiscite]], he accepted the offer and was formally elected king of Norway by the [[Storting]]. He took the [[Old Norse]] name ''Haakon'' and ascended the throne as Haakon VII, becoming the first independent Norwegian monarch since [[Olaf II of Denmark|Olaf II]] in 1387.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/carl-haakon-vii/|title=Carl (Haakon VII)|website=kongernessamling.dk|publisher=The Royal Danish Collection|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115422/http://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/carl-haakon-vii/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As king, Haakon gained much sympathy from the Norwegian people. Although the [[Constitution of Norway]] vests the King with considerable executive powers, in practice Haakon confined himself to a representative and ceremonial role while rarely interfering in politics, a practice continued by his son and grandson. Norway was [[Operation Weserübung|invaded by Nazi Germany]] in April 1940. Haakon rejected German demands to legitimise the [[Quisling regime]]'s puppet government, vowing to abdicate rather than do so. He refused to abdicate after going into exile in Great Britain. As such, he played a pivotal role in uniting the Norwegian nation [[Norwegian resistance movement|in its resistance]] to the invasion and the subsequent five-year-long [[German occupation of Norway|occupation]] during the [[Second World War]]. He returned to Norway in June 1945 after the defeat of Germany.

Haakon became King of [[Norway]] when his grandfather [[Christian IX]] was still reigning in [[Denmark]], and before his father and elder brother became kings of Denmark. During his reign he saw his father Frederick VIII, his elder brother [[Christian X]], and his nephew [[Frederik IX]] ascend the throne of Denmark in 1906, 1912, and 1947 respectively. Haakon died at the age of 85 in September 1957, after having reigned for nearly 52 years. He was succeeded by his only child and son, who ascended to the throne as [[Olav V]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/underholdning/store_norske/4356194.html|title=Kong Olav 5|website=nrk.no|publisher=[[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation]]|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170720/http://www.nrk.no/underholdning/store_norske/4356194.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life==
===Birth and family===
{{stack|[[File:Charlottenlund_Slot_(c_1895).jpg|thumb|Prince Carl's birthplace, [[Charlottenlund Palace]] north of [[Copenhagen]], {{circa}} 1895.]]}}
Prince Carl was born on 3 August 1872 at his parents' country residence, [[Charlottenlund Palace]] north of [[Copenhagen]], during the reign of his paternal grandfather, [[King Christian IX]].<ref name="DBL2">{{cite book|first=Povl|last=Engelstoft|chapter=Haakon VII|chapter-url=http://www.rosekamp.dk/DBL_All/DBL_8_text.pdf|editor1-first=Povl|editor1-last=Engelstoft|editor2-first=Svend|editor2-last=Dahl|title=[[Dansk Biografisk Leksikon]]|edition=2.|pages=241|volume=8|location=Copenhagen|publisher=J.H. Schultz Forlag|year=1935|language=da|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=8 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808174012/https://www.rosekamp.dk/DBL_All/DBL_8_text.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> He was the second son of [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark]] (the future King Frederick VIII), and his wife [[Louise of Sweden]].<ref name="Burke's Royal Families">{{cite book|editor1-last=Montgomery-Massingberd|editor1-first=Hugh|editor1-link=Hugh Massingberd|title=Burke's Royal Families of the World|volume=1|location=London, UK|publisher=[[Burke's Peerage]] Ltd|year=1977|page=71}}</ref> His father was the eldest son of [[King Christian IX]] and [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel]], and his mother was the only daughter of King [[Charles XV]] of Sweden (who was also king of Norway as Charles IV), and [[Louise of the Netherlands]].<ref name="NBL">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Haakon 7|encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|last=Grimnes|first=Ole Kristian|author-link=Ole Kristian Grimnes|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=https://nbl.snl.no/Haakon_7|language=no|date=13 February 2009|access-date=19 May 2017|archive-date=5 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205023300/https://nbl.snl.no/Haakon_7|url-status=live}}</ref> At birth, he was third in the [[succession to the Danish throne]] after his father and older brother, but without any real prospect of inheriting the throne. The young prince was baptised at Charlottenlund Palace on 7 September 1872 by the [[Bishop of Zealand]], [[Hans Lassen Martensen]]. He was baptised with the names ''Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel'', and was known as Prince Carl (namesake of his maternal grandfather the King of Sweden-Norway, who died only 11 days after his baptism).<ref name="Burke's Royal Families"/>

Carl belonged to the [[Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]] (often shortened to Glücksburg) branch of the [[House of Oldenburg]]. The House of Oldenburg had been the [[Danish royal family]] since 1448; between 1536 and 1814 it also ruled Norway, which was then part of the Kingdom of [[Denmark-Norway]]. The house was originally from northern Germany, where the Glücksburg (Lyksborg) branch held their small fief. The family had links with Norway beginning from the 15th century. Several of his paternal ancestors had been kings of Norway in union with Denmark and at times Sweden. They included [[Christian I]], [[Frederick I of Norway|Frederick I]], [[Christian III]], [[Frederick II of Denmark|Frederick II]], [[Christian IV]], and [[Frederick III of Norway|Frederick III]]. Frederick III integrated Norway into the Oldenburg state with Denmark, [[Schleswig]] and [[Holstein]]. His subsequent paternal ancestors had been dukes in [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. [[Christian Frederick]], who was King of Norway briefly in 1814, the first king of the Norwegian 1814 constitution and struggle for independence, was his great-granduncle.

===Childhood and education===
[[File:Prins Carl 1889 by Emil Hohlenberg.jpg|thumb|Prince Carl as a [[naval cadet]] in 1889.]]
Carl was raised with his siblings in the royal household in Copenhagen, and grew up between his parents' residence in [[Copenhagen]], the [[Frederick VIII's Palace]], an 18th-century [[palace]] which forms part of the [[Amalienborg Palace]] complex in central [[Copenhagen]], and their country residence, [[Charlottenlund Palace]], located by the coastline of the [[Øresund]] [[strait]] north of the city. In contrast to the usual practice of the period, where royal children were brought up by [[governess]]es, the children were raised by Crown Princess Louise herself. Under the supervision of their mother, the children received a rather strict Christian-dominated upbringing, which was characterized by severity, the fulfillment of duties, care and order.{{sfn|Bramsen|1992|p=274}}

As a younger son of the Crown Prince, there was little expectation that Carl would become king. He was third in line to the throne after his father and elder brother, [[Christian X of Denmark|Prince Christian]], and spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother. Carl was less than two years younger than Christian, and the two princes were educated together at home by private [[tutor]]s and had a joint [[confirmation]] at [[Christiansborg Palace Chapel]] in 1887.

After his confirmation, as was customary for princes at that time, Carl was expected to start a military education.{{dubious|date=March 2022}} It was decided that he, in accordance with his own wishes, should enter the [[Royal Danish Navy]]. He was educated at the [[Royal Danish Naval Academy]] from 1889 to 1893, graduating as a second lieutenant. He subsequently remained in service with the Royal Danish Navy until his appointment as Norwegian king in 1905. In 1894 he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant and in 1905 to the rank of [[admiral]].<ref name="NBL"/> During his naval career, he took part in several naval expeditions, including one in 1904–1905 with the [[protected cruiser]] {{HDMS|Heimdal}} to the Mediterranean and the Atlantic.<ref name="DBL2"/>

===Marriage===
[[File:Marriage of Princess Maud.jpg|thumb|300px|Wedding of Princess Maud and Prince Carl at Buckingham Palace]]
On 28 October 1895, at the age of 23, Carl was engaged to his first cousin [[Princess Maud of Wales]]. Princess Maud was the youngest daughter of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King [[Edward VII]] and [[Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom]]). The Princess of Wales was Carl's aunt, being the eldest daughter of King Christian IX and [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel|Queen Louise]]. The wedding was celebrated on 22 July 1896,<ref name="Queen">{{cite magazine|title=The Queen Receives|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,715773,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222143402/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,715773,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 December 2008|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=18 June 1923|access-date=17 January 2009}}</ref> in the Private Chapel of [[Buckingham Palace]], and was attended by the bride's grandmother, the 77-year-old [[Queen Victoria]].

After the wedding, the couple settled in [[Copenhagen]], where Carl continued his career as a naval officer. They took up residence in the [[Bernstorff Mansion]], an 18th-century [[Rococo]] style [[townhouse]] owned by Carl's uncle King [[George I of Greece]], situated in [[Bredgade]] immediately adjacent to the Amalienborg Palace complex. Furthermore, the bride's father gave them Appleton House on the [[Sandringham Estate]] as a country residence for his daughter's frequent visits to England.<ref name=Appleton>{{cite web|url=http://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=77243|title=Appleton House|date=5 March 2011|website=kongehuset.no|publisher=[[Monarchy of Norway|The Royal House of Norway]]|access-date=11 April 2021|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225191624/https://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=77243|url-status=live}}</ref> It was there that the couple's only child, [[Olav V of Norway|Prince Alexander]], the future Crown Prince Olav (and eventually King [[Olav V of Norway]]), was born on 2 July 1903.<ref name="Queen"/>

==Accession to the Norwegian throne==

===Background and election===
{{see also|Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden}}
[[File:King_Oscar_II_of_Sweden.jpg|thumb|upright|Prince Carl's maternal great-uncle, [[Oscar II of Sweden]], who was [[King of Norway]] until October 1905.]]
Following several years of disagreements on various topics, the [[Union between Sweden and Norway]] which had existed since 1814 was [[Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden|dissolved in 1905]]. The union was unilaterally dissolved by the [[Storting]] (Norwegian parliament) on 7 June, and the dissolution was later confirmed by the Norwegian people in the [[1905 Norwegian union dissolution referendum]] held on 13 August. After weeks of negotiations, the dissolution of the union was then recognized by Sweden on 23 September in the [[Treaty of Karlstad]], mediated by the [[great powers of Europe]]. Its provisions included the full recognition of Norway's [[sovereignty]] and the [[abdication]] of the Swedish King [[Oscar II]] from the Norwegian throne. One month later, the union was formally dissolved as King Oscar II on 26 October signed the documents recognizing Norway as an independent state, and abdicated as Norwegian king on the same day.

Subsequently, a committee of the Norwegian government identified several princes of European royal houses as candidates for the vacant Norwegian crown. Although Norway had legally had the status of an independent state since 1814, it had not had its own king since 1387. Gradually, Prince Carl became the leading candidate, largely because he was descended from independent Norwegian kings. He also had a son, providing an heir-apparent to the throne, and the fact that his wife, Princess Maud, was a member of the British royal family was viewed by many as an advantage to the newly independent Norwegian nation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Berg|first1=Roald|title=Norge på egen hånd 1905–1920 (Norsk utenrikspolitikks historie, volume 2)|date=1995|publisher=Universitetsforlaget|location=Oslo|isbn=8200223949|page=309|language=no}}</ref>

[[File:Stemmesedler ja og nei (til prins Carl kong Haakon VII) fra den norske folkeavstemningen om monarki 12. og 13. november 1905. Yes or No, Norwegian referendum on monarchy (utstilling i Nasjonalbiblioteket 2021) IMG 8949.jpg|thumb|Ballots with ''yes'' and ''no'' from the [[1905 Norwegian monarchy referendum]].]]
The democratically minded Prince Carl, aware that Norway was still debating whether to remain a kingdom or to switch instead to a republican system of government, was flattered by the Norwegian government's overtures, but he made his acceptance of the offer conditional on the holding of a referendum to show whether monarchy was the choice of the Norwegian people. After the [[1905 Norwegian monarchy referendum|referendum]] overwhelmingly confirmed by a 79 percent majority (259,563 votes for and 69,264 against) that Norwegians desired to remain a monarchy,<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Jubilee|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,752591,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813201519/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,752591,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 August 2009|magazine=Time|page=1|date=8 December 1930|access-date=17 December 2008}}</ref> Prince Carl was formally offered the throne of Norway by the [[Storting]] (parliament) and was elected on 18 November 1905. When Carl accepted the offer that same evening (after the approval of his grandfather [[Christian IX of Denmark]]), he immediately endeared himself to his adopted country by taking the [[Old Norse]] name of [[Haakon (given name)|Haakon]], a name which had not been used by kings of Norway for over 500 years.<ref name="Taking his name">{{cite web|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.5780|title=Blue Plaque for King Haakon VII of Norway|access-date=12 April 2008|publisher=English Heritage|year=2005|author=English Heritage|archive-date=13 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213070825/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.5780|url-status=live}}</ref> In so doing, he succeeded his maternal great-uncle, [[Oscar II of Sweden]], who had abdicated the Norwegian throne in October.

[[File:Norwegian_delegation_20_November_1905_at_Amalienborg.jpg|thumb|300px|A delegation from the [[Storting|Norwegian Parliament]] is received on 20 November 1905 at Amalienborg by King Christian IX of Denmark, who gives his consent to the election of his grandson Prince Carl as King of Norway. Painting by [[Paul Gustav Fischer|Paul Fischer]].]]

Two days later, on the morning of 20 November, a large crowd gathered outside King Haakon and Queen Maud's residence in Bernstorff's Palace in Copenhagen. The attendees greeted the royal couple as they appeared in the window and started singing the patriotic song ''[[Ja, vi elsker dette landet]]''. Later the same day, King Christian IX of Denmark received a delegation from the Storting in an audience in [[Christian VII's Palace]] at [[Amalienborg]]. The delegation conveyed the message that the king's grandson had been elected King of Norway, while Christian IX expressed his consent to the election of Prince Carl. The head of the delegation, the [[President of the Storting]] [[Carl Berner (politician)|Carl Berner]], conveyed a greeting and congratulations from the Norwegian people, and expressed the people's wishes for a happy cooperation. The king replied: 
<blockquote>
Mr. President of the Storthing, gentlemen: The first greeting from the Representatives of the Norwegian People, who in their unanimous Storthing decision on 18 November has elected me their King, has touched me very deeply. The people have thereby shown me a confidence which I know how to appreciate, and which I hope will still grow stronger as it gets to know my wife and me. As it will be known to you, gentlemen, it was at my request that the newly concluded referendum took place. I wanted to be sure that it was a people and not a party that wanted me to be king, as my task above all should be to unite, not divide. My life I will devote to the good of Norway, and it is the fervent wish of my wife and I that the people who have chosen us will unite to cooperate and strive towards this great goal, and with full confidence I can then take as my motto: ALL FOR NORWAY!<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kongehuset.no/tale.html?tid=27169|title=Alt for Norge – Kongens "Ja"|website=kongehuset.no|publisher=[[Monarchy of Norway|The Royal House of Norway]]|date=20 November 1905|access-date=28 December 2021|language=no|archive-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228222252/https://www.kongehuset.no/tale.html?tid=27169|url-status=live}}</ref>
</blockquote>

=== Arrival in Norway ===
[[File:Vilhelm_Arnesen_-_Kongeskibet_Dannebrog_i_Skagerrak_25.11_1905.png|thumb|300px|The [[royal yacht]] [[HDMY Dannebrog (1879)|''Dannebrog'']] in the [[Skagerrak]] on its way from [[Copenhagen]] to [[Kristiania]]. Painting by [[Vilhelm Arnesen]] (1906).]]
Just three days later, on 23 November, the new Norwegian royal family left Copenhagen for Norway on board the Danish [[royal yacht]], the [[paddle steamer]] [[HDMY Dannebrog (1879)|''Dannebrog'']]. After crossing the [[Kattegat]] and the [[Skagerrak]], the Dannebrog entered the [[Oslofjord]], where at [[Oscarsborg Fortress]] near [[Drøbak]], the family boarded the Norwegian naval ship {{HNoMS|Heimdal|1892|2}}. The ''Heimdal'' then sailed the king the last part of the stretch from Drøbak, and after a two-day journey, the family arrived to [[Kristiania]] (now Oslo) early on the morning of 25 November 1905.

[[File:Statsminister Christian Michelsen mottar kong Haakon 7 og kronprins Olav ombord det norske marinefartøyet "Heimdal", 25. november 1905.jpg|thumb|300px|King Haakon VII arrives in Norway with [[Olav V of Norway|Crown Prince Olav]] on his arm and is greeted on board the ship ''{{HNoMS|Heimdal|1892|2}}'' by Prime Minister [[Christian Michelsen]].]]
The king was received at the harbour by the [[Prime Minister of Norway]] [[Christian Michelsen]]. On the [[deck (ship)|deck]] of the ''Heimdal'', the Prime Minister gave the following speech to the king:

<blockquote>
For almost 600 years, the Norwegian people have not had their own king. Never has he been completely our own. Always have we had to share him with others. Never has he had his home with us. But where the home is, there will also be the fatherland. Today it is different. Today, Norway's young king comes to build his future home in Norway's capital. Named by a free people as a free man to lead his country, he will be completely our own. Once again, the Norwegians' king will be the strong, unifying mark for all national deeds in the new, independent Norway ...
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=29703|title=Kongevalget|website=kongehuset.no|publisher=[[Monarchy of Norway|The Royal House of Norway]]|date=9 July 2013|access-date=28 December 2021|language=no|archive-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228233327/https://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=29703|url-status=live}}</ref>
</blockquote>

Two days later, on 27 November, Haakon VII took his constitutional oath before parliament as Norway's first independent king in 518 years. However, Norway counts 18 November, the day of his election, as the formal beginning of his reign.

=== Coronation ===
{{see also|Coronations in Norway}}
[[File:Queen Maud and King Haakon VII, 1906 crop.jpg|thumb|300px|Coronation portrait of King Haakon VII and Queen Maud, 22 June 1906]]

On 22 June 1906, King Haakon and Queen Maud were solemnly [[Coronations in Norway#The Norwegian coronation ritual from 1818 to 1906|crowned and anointed]] in the [[Nidaros Cathedral]] in [[Trondheim]] by the Bishop of Trondheim [[Vilhelm Andreas Wexelsen]].<ref name="Queen"/> The coronation was in keeping with the constitutional mandate, but many Norwegian statesmen had come to regard coronation rites as "undemocratic and archaic". The coronation clause was deleted from [[Constitution of Norway|Norway's constitution]] in 1908, and although coronations are not expressly banned under current Norwegian legislation, this became the most recent coronation of a Norwegian monarch. In the period before and after the coronation, the King and Queen made an extensive coronation journey through Norway.

The King and Queen moved into the [[Royal Palace, Oslo|Royal Palace]] in [[Oslo]]. Haakon became the first monarch to use the palace permanently and the palace was therefore refurbished for two years before he, Queen Maud and Crown Prince Olav could move in. While the Royal Palace was being refurbished, the King and Queen Maud lived their first year in Norway at the ''[[Bygdøy Royal Estate]]'' in Oslo which they continued to use frequently as a summer residence.<ref name="royal residences">{{cite web|url=http://www.reisenett.no/facts/government/slott.html|title=Royal residences in Norway|first=Tor|last=Dagre}}</ref> After the coronation, King Haakon and Queen Maud also received the estate ''[[The Royal Lodge, Holmenkollen|Kongesæteren]]'' at [[Holmenkollen]] in Oslo as a gift from the Norwegian people.<ref name="royal residences"/>

==Early reign==

[[File:Norwegian Royal Family.jpg|thumb|300px|King Haakon VII, [[Olav V|Crown Prince Olav]] and Queen Maud, on 17 July 1913 in Norway]]

King Haakon gained much sympathy from the Norwegian people. He travelled extensively through Norway. As king, Haakon endeavored to redefine the role of the monarchy in [[egalitarian]] Norway and to find a balance between the informal Norwegian way of life and the monarchy's need for formal representation. Although the [[Constitution of Norway]] vested him with considerable executive powers, he was not responsible for exercising them. Parliamentary rule had been established in Norway since 1884, earlier than the rest of the Continent. Thus, in practice nearly all major governmental decisions were made by the Government (the [[Cabinet of Norway|Council of State]]) acting in Haakon's name. Haakon confined himself to non-partisan and representative roles without interfering in politics, a practice continued by his son and grandson. However, his long rule gave him considerable [[moral authority]] as a symbol of the country's unity.

[[File:Meeting of Scandinavian kings 2.jpeg|thumb|300px|[[Christian X of Denmark]], [[Gustav V of Sweden]] and Haakon VII at the meeting of the three Scandinavian kings in [[Malmö]] in December 1914.]]

At the outbreak of the [[First World War]] in 1914, the Norwegian government advocated that Norway pursue a [[policy of neutrality]]. The King supported the policy of neutrality by participating in the so-called meeting of the Three Kings held on 18 December 1914 in [[Malmö]] in [[Sweden]]. There, the three Scandinavian monarchs King Haakon, King Christian X of Denmark (Haakon's brother) and King [[Gustav V of Sweden]] (Haakon's mother's cousin) met along with their foreign ministers to discuss and emphasize the neutrality of the Nordic countries, and in a joint declaration, confirmed the three states' strict neutrality during the war.<ref>{{cite web|first=Sara|last=Griberg|title=Trekongemødet i Malmø|url=http://altomhistorie.dk/artikler/trekongemoedet-i-malmoe|website=altomhistorie.dk|date=12 November 2014|access-date=2 April 2017|language=da|archive-date=3 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403013959/http://altomhistorie.dk/artikler/trekongemoedet-i-malmoe|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Jacob|last=Wiberg|url=http://www.popularhistoria.se/artiklar/trekungamotet-i-malmo-1914/|title=Trekungamötet i Malmö 1914|journal=Populär Historia|issue=12|year=2008|language=sv|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=28 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728150738/http://www.popularhistoria.se/artiklar/trekungamotet-i-malmo-1914/|url-status=live}}</ref> The meeting in 1914 was followed by another three-kings meeting in Kristiania in November 1917.

[[File:The Nine Sovereigns at Windsor for the funeral of King Edward VII.jpg|thumb|300px|King Haakon with other European sovereigns at the funeral of King [[Edward VII]], photographed on 20 May 1910. Standing, from left to right: King Haakon VII of Norway, [[Ferdinand of Bulgaria|Tsar Ferdinand of the Bulgarians]], [[Manuel II of Portugal|King Manuel II of Portugal and the Algarves]], Kaiser [[Wilhelm II]] of Germany, [[George I of Greece|King George I of the Hellenes]] and [[King Albert I of the Belgians]]. Seated, from left to right: King [[Alfonso XIII]] of Spain, King [[George V]] of the United Kingdom and King [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]].]]

In [[1927 Norwegian parliamentary election|1927]], the [[Labour Party (Norway)|Labour Party]] became the largest party in parliament and early the following year Norway's first Labour Party government rose to power. The Labour Party was considered to be "revolutionary" by many and the deputy prime minister at the time advised against appointing [[Christopher Hornsrud]] as Prime Minister. Haakon, however, refused to abandon parliamentary convention and asked Hornsrud to form a new government. In response to some of his detractors he stated, "I am also the King of the Communists" ({{langx|no|"Jeg er også kommunistenes konge"}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kongehuset.no/c27060/artikkel/vis.html?tid=27613|title=(Official site of the Norwegian Royal House, in Norwegian)|access-date=20 January 2008|archive-date=30 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130165729/http://www.kongehuset.no/c27060/artikkel/vis.html?tid=27613|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Fra bryllupsfestlighetene. - U179.jpg|thumb|300px|The bride and groom behind their parents at the wedding in 1929.]]
On 21 March 1929, Crown Prince Olav married his first cousin [[Princess Märtha of Sweden]] at the [[Oslo Cathedral]]. Princess Märtha was the daughter of Haakon's sister [[Princess Ingeborg]] and [[Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland]]. It was the first [[royal wedding]] in Norway after the dissolution of the union, and the alliance was met with great enthusiasm, also in Sweden, and it was seen as a sign that all the disharmony after the events of 1905 had now passed. Crown Prince Olav and Crown Princess Märtha were to have three children: [[Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen|Ragnhild]] (1930–2012), [[Princess Astrid, Mrs. Ferner|Astrid]] (born 1932) and [[Harald V of Norway|Harald]] (born 1937), who was to become king in 1991.

During the [[Eastern Greenland Case]], a territorial dispute between Norway and Denmark about the sovereignty over [[Eastern Greenland]], a very tense atmosphere prevailed. On 5 April 1933, Norway lost the arbitration case which had been submitted to the [[Permanent Court of International Justice]] in [[The Hague]]. The next day, {{lang|no|[[Aftenposten]]}} quoted across the front page the telegram King Haakon had sent to his brother King Christian X: {{blockquote|Have received the wording of the sentence and congratulate Denmark on the result.<ref>{{cite book|first=Egil|last=Ulateig|title=Justismord|page=85|publisher=[[Aschehoug]]|location=[[Oslo]]|year=1993|isbn=82-03-17250-4|language=no}}</ref>}}

Queen Maud died unexpectedly while visiting the United Kingdom on 20 November 1938.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://talknorway.no/queen-maud-of-norway-the-secret-of-the-queens-coffin/|title=Queen Maud of Norway|website=talknorway.no|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117195736/https://talknorway.no/queen-maud-of-norway-the-secret-of-the-queens-coffin/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1939, King Haakon toured southeast Montana and parts of the proposed [[secession]]ist state of [[Absaroka (proposed state)|Absaroka]], with supporters of the secession movement claiming this event as formal recognition of their state.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Pedersen|first=Nate|title=The State of Absaroka|url=http://www.southdakotamagazine.com/absaroka|access-date=6 November 2022|website=southdakotamagazine.com|archive-date=6 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106204847/https://www.southdakotamagazine.com/absaroka|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Resistance during World War II==
{{Norway during World War II}}
{{See also|German occupation of Norway}}

===The German invasion===
{{main|Operation Weserübung}}
[[Operation Weserübung|Norway was invaded]] by the naval and air forces of [[Nazi Germany]] during the early hours of 9 April 1940. The German naval detachment sent to capture [[Oslo]] was [[Battle of Drøbak Sound|opposed by Oscarsborg Fortress]]. The fortress fired at the invaders, sinking the [[heavy cruiser]] ''[[German cruiser Blücher|Blücher]]'' and damaging the heavy cruiser ''[[German cruiser Deutschland|Lützow]]'', with heavy German losses that included many soldiers, [[Gestapo]] agents, and administrative personnel who were to have occupied the Norwegian capital. This led to the withdrawal of the rest of the German flotilla, preventing the invaders' planned dawn occupation of Oslo. The Germans' delay in occupying Oslo, along with swift action by the [[president of the Storting]], [[C. J. Hambro]], created the opportunity for the [[Norwegian royal family|royal family]], the cabinet, and most of the 150 members of the Storting (parliament) to make a hasty departure from the capital by special train.

The Storting first convened at [[Hamar]] the same afternoon, but with the rapid advance of German troops, the group moved on to [[Elverum]]. The assembled Storting unanimously enacted a resolution, the so-called [[Elverum Authorization]], granting the cabinet full powers to protect the country until such time as the Storting could meet again.

The next day, [[Curt Bräuer]], the German Ambassador to Norway, demanded a meeting with Haakon. The German diplomat called on Haakon to accept [[Adolf Hitler]]'s demands to end all resistance and appoint [[Vidkun Quisling]] as prime minister. Quisling, the leader of Norway's fascist party, the [[Nasjonal Samling]], had declared himself prime minister hours earlier in Oslo as head of what would be a German [[puppet government]]; had Haakon formally appointed him, it would effectively have given legal sanction to the invasion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/breivik-quisling-and-the-norwegian-spirit-1.1064817|title=Breivik, Quisling and the Norwegian spirit|website=CBC|access-date=13 April 2021|quote=When the Germans demanded that the Norwegian king, Haakon VII, surrender and appoint Quisling as head of a puppet government, the king refused, even after the Nazis threatened to send all Norwegian men of military age to concentration camps.|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411001308/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/breivik-quisling-and-the-norwegian-spirit-1.1064817|url-status=live}}</ref> Bräuer suggested that Haakon follow the example of the Danish government and his brother, [[Christian X]], which had surrendered almost immediately after the previous day's invasion, and threatened Norway with harsh reprisals if it did not surrender. Haakon told Bräuer that he could not make the decision himself, but could only act on the advice of the Government.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

In a meeting in [[Nybergsund]], the King reported the German ultimatum to the cabinet sitting as a council of state. Haakon told the cabinet:
<blockquote>
I am deeply affected by the responsibility laid on me if the German demand is rejected. The responsibility for the calamities that will befall people and country is indeed so grave that I dread to take it. It rests with the government to decide, but my position is clear.

For my part I cannot accept the German demands. It would conflict with all that I have considered to be my duty as King of Norway since I came to this country nearly thirty-five years ago.<ref>The account and quotation were recorded by one of the cabinet members and were recounted in William L. Shirer's ''The Challenge of Scandinavia''.{{page needed|date=May 2017}}</ref>
</blockquote>

Haakon went on to say that he could not appoint Quisling as prime minister, since he knew neither the people nor the Storting had confidence in him. However, if the cabinet felt otherwise, the King said he would abdicate so as not to stand in the way of the Government's decision.

[[Nils Hjelmtveit]], Minister of Church and Education, later wrote:
<blockquote>
This made a great impression on us all.  More clearly than ever before, we could see the man behind the words; the king who had drawn a line for himself and his task, a line from which he could not deviate.  We had through the five years [in government] learned to respect and appreciate our king, and now, through his words, he came to us as a great man, just and forceful; a leader in these fatal times to our country.<ref>{{cite book|first=Geirr H.|last=Haarr|title=The German Invasion of Norway|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, UK|year=2009|isbn=978-1848320321}}{{page needed|date=May 2017}}</ref>
</blockquote>

Inspired by Haakon's stand, the government unanimously advised him not to appoint any government headed by Quisling.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/breivik-quisling-and-the-norwegian-spirit-1.1064817|title=Breivik, Quisling and the Norwegian spirit|website=CBC|access-date=13 April 2021|quote=His cabinet and the Storting, the Norwegian parliament, supported the king.|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411001308/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/breivik-quisling-and-the-norwegian-spirit-1.1064817|url-status=live}}</ref> Within hours, it telephoned its refusal to Bräuer. That night, [[NRK]] broadcast the government's rejection of the German demands to the Norwegian people. In that same broadcast, the government announced that it would resist the German invasion as long as possible, and expressed their confidence that Norwegians would lend their support to the cause.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

After Norway was eventually conquered, Quisling "transformed [the country] into a one-party fascist state and recruited 6,000 Norwegians to fight alongside the Germans on the Russian front".<ref name=cbc/> A very small percentage of the population supported Quisling and many joined the [[Norwegian resistance movement]]. After the war, Quisling was convicted of treason and executed.<ref name=cbc>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/breivik-quisling-and-the-norwegian-spirit-1.1064817|title=Breivik, Quisling and the Norwegian spirit|website=CBC|access-date=13 April 2021|quote=But Quisling supporters were only a tiny minority: two per cent of the population. Norwegians showed their opposition to the occupiers in many ways. active resistance continued with widespread sabotage.|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411001308/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/breivik-quisling-and-the-norwegian-spirit-1.1064817|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Norwegian campaign===
{{main|Norwegian campaign}}
[[File:Kongebjorka.jpeg|thumb|300px|King Haakon VII and Crown Prince Olav seeking shelter on the outskirts of Molde during a German bombing raid on the city in April 1940.]]

The following morning, 11 April 1940, in an attempt to wipe out Norway's unyielding king and government, {{lang|de|[[Luftwaffe]]}} bombers attacked [[Nybergsund]], destroying the small town where the Government was staying. Neutral Sweden was only {{convert|16|mi|km|order=flip}} away, but the Swedish government decided it would "detain and incarcerate" King Haakon if he crossed their border (which Haakon never forgave).<ref>Sir [[:sv:Gustaf von Platen|Gustaf von Platen]] in ''Bakom den gyllene fasaden'' [[Bonniers]] {{ISBN|9100580481}} pp. 445–446</ref> The Norwegian king and his ministers took refuge in the snow-covered woods and escaped harm, continuing farther north through the mountains toward [[Molde (town)|Molde]] on Norway's west coast. As the British forces in the area lost ground under Luftwaffe bombardment, the King and his party were taken aboard the British cruiser [[HMS Glasgow (C21)|HMS ''Glasgow'']] at Molde and conveyed a further {{convert|1000|km|mi}} north to [[Tromsø (city)|Tromsø]], where a provisional capital was established on 1 May. Haakon and Crown Prince Olav took up residence in a forest cabin in [[Målselvdalen]] valley in inner [[Troms]] County, where they would stay until evacuation to the United Kingdom.

The Allies had a fairly secure hold over northern Norway until late May. The situation was dramatically altered, however, by their deteriorating situation in the [[Battle of France]]. With the Germans rapidly overrunning France, the Allied high command decided that the forces in northern Norway should be withdrawn. The royal family and Norwegian government were evacuated from Tromsø on 7 June aboard [[HMS Devonshire (39)|HMS ''Devonshire'']] with a total of 461 passengers.  This evacuation became extremely costly for the Royal Navy when the German warships [[German battleship Scharnhorst|''Scharnhorst'']] and [[German battleship Gneisenau|''Gneisenau'']] attacked and sank the nearby aircraft carrier [[HMS Glorious|HMS ''Glorious'']] with its escorting destroyers [[HMS Acasta (H09)|HMS ''Acasta'']] and [[HMS Ardent (H41)|HMS ''Ardent'']]. ''Devonshire'' did not rebroadcast the enemy sighting report made by ''Glorious'' as it could not disclose its position by breaking radio silence. No other British ship received the sighting report, and 1,519 British officers and men and three warships were lost.  ''Devonshire'' arrived safely in London and King Haakon and his Cabinet set up a Norwegian [[government in exile]] in the British capital.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kongehuset.no/tale.html?tid=29225&sek=26947|title=Mine plikter – "Kongens andre nei"|website=kongehuset.no|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102150123/https://www.kongehuset.no/tale.html?tid=29225&sek=26947|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0014%2FGLOR|title=The Tragedy of HMS Glorious|website=cam.ac.uk|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=17 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717071251/https://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0014%2FGLOR|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Government in exile===
[[File:Ole Friele Backer kongen kronprinsen.jpg|thumb|King Haakon VII, Crown Prince Olav, and [[Hans Reidar Holtermann]] in [[Scotland]] during World War II.]]
{{main|Nygaardsvold's Cabinet}}
Initially, King Haakon and Crown Prince Olav were guests at [[Buckingham Palace]], but at the start of the [[London Blitz]] in September 1940, they moved to [[Bowdown House]] in Berkshire. The construction of the adjacent [[RAF Greenham Common]] airfield in March 1942 prompted another move to [[Foliejon Park]] in [[Winkfield]], near [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]], in [[Berkshire]], where they remained until the liberation of Norway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/blue_plaque_for_king_haakon_vii_of_norway/13589.html|title=British Government News & Press Releases – 25 October 2005: Blue Plaque for King Haakon VII of Norway|access-date=8 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001442/http://gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/blue_plaque_for_king_haakon_vii_of_norway/13589.html|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

Haakon also spent time at [[Carbisdale Castle]] in [[Sutherland]], Scotland, made available for his use by [[Theodore Salvesen]], a ship-owner of Norwegian extraction.

The King's official residence was the Norwegian [[Legation]] at 10 [[Kensington Palace Gardens|Palace Green]], [[Kensington]], which became the seat of the Norwegian government in exile. Here Haakon attended weekly Cabinet meetings and worked on the speeches which were regularly broadcast by radio to Norway by the [[BBC World Service]]. These broadcasts helped to cement Haakon's position as an important national symbol to the [[Norwegian resistance]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.norway.org.uk/ARKIV/Other/history/royalvisit/news2710/blueplaque/|title=Norway: the official site in the UK – News 27 October 2012 – Princess Astrid unveils blue plaque|access-date=8 April 2013|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227212509/http://www.norway.org.uk/ARKIV/Other/history/royalvisit/news2710/blueplaque/|url-status=live}}</ref> Many broadcasts were made from [[Nordic churches in London#Norwegian Church|Saint Olav's Norwegian Church]] in [[Rotherhithe]], where the royal family were regular worshippers.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130928095639/http://southwark.anglican.org/thebridge/0912/0912p8.pdf The Diocese of Southwark, ''The Bridge'', December 2009 – January 2010: Scandinavia in Rotherhithe]</ref>

Meanwhile, Hitler had appointed [[Josef Terboven]] as ''{{lang|de|[[Reichskommissar]]}}'' for Norway. On Hitler's orders, Terboven attempted to coerce the [[Storting]] to depose the King; the Storting declined, citing constitutional principles.  A subsequent ultimatum was made by the Germans, threatening to intern all Norwegians of military age in German concentration camps.<ref>William Lawrence Shirer: ''The challenge of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland in our time'', Robert Hale, 1956{{page needed|date=May 2017}}</ref> With this threat looming, the Storting's representatives in Oslo wrote to their monarch on 27 June, asking him to abdicate. The King declined, politely replying that the Storting was acting under duress. The King gave his answer on 3 July, and proclaimed it on BBC radio on 8 July.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[Norsk krigsleksikon 1940–45]]|title=Norge i krigen 1939–45. Kronologisk oversikt|editor=Dahl|editor-link=Hans Fredrik Dahl|editor2=Hjeltnes|editor2-link=Guri Hjeltnes|editor3=Nøkleby|editor3-link=Berit Nøkleby|editor4=Ringdal|editor4-link=Nils Johan Ringdal|editor5=Sørensen|editor5-link=Øystein Sørensen|url=http://www.nb.no/utlevering/nb/d2e8afecb1aba47bf48bb3cd246dd070#&struct=DIV12|year=1995|publisher=Cappelen|location=Oslo|isbn=8202141389|page=11|language=no|access-date=16 March 2011|archive-date=25 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925094712/https://www.nb.no/items/d2e8afecb1aba47bf48bb3cd246dd070#&struct=DIV12|url-status=live}}</ref>

After one further German attempt in September to force the Storting to depose Haakon failed, Terboven finally decreed that the royal family had "forfeited their right to return" and dissolved the democratic political parties.<ref>{{cite web|title=Krigsårene 1940–1945|url=http://www.kongehuset.no/c26974/artikkel/vis.html?tid=29435|date=31 January 2009|work=Royal House of Norway|access-date=17 September 2009|language=no|archive-date=31 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131181558/http://www.kongehuset.no/c26974/artikkel/vis.html?tid=29435|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Votter med Håkon 7..jpg|thumb|The King's monogram became a symbol of [[Norwegian resistance movement|resistance]] during the Second World War]]
During Norway's five years under German control, many Norwegians surreptitiously wore clothing or jewellery made from coins bearing Haakon's [[H7 (monogram)|"H7" monogram]] as symbols of resistance to the [[German occupation of Norway|German occupation]] and of solidarity with their exiled King and Government, just as many people in Denmark wore [[Christian X of Denmark|his brother]]'s monogram on a pin. The King's monogram was also painted and otherwise reproduced on various surfaces as a show of resistance to the occupation.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111019185503/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,891354,00.html H7], ''Time'', Monday, 30 September 1957</ref>

[[File:HMS Norfolk King Hakkon.jpg|thumb|300px|The royal family of Norway waving to the welcoming crowds from {{HMS|Norfolk|78|6}} at [[Oslo]], June 1945.]]
Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the [[German Instrument of Surrender|capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945]]. After the end of the war, Crown Prince Olav and five government ministers returned to a liberated Norway on 13 May 1945.<ref name=britannica>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olav-V#ref59809|title=Olav V king of Norway|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=13 April 2021|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414000521/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olav-V#ref59809|url-status=live}}</ref> Haakon and the rest of the Norwegian royal family returned to Norway aboard the cruiser {{HMS|Norfolk|78|6}}, arriving with the First Cruiser Squadron to cheering crowds in Oslo on [[7 June in Norway|7 June 1945]],<ref>{{cite magazine|title=First Out, First In|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775835,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221232226/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775835,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 December 2011|magazine=Time|date=11 June 1945|access-date=17 January 2009}}</ref> exactly five years after they had been evacuated from [[Tromsø (city)|Tromsø]].<ref>[http://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=28689&sek=27316 The Norwegian Royal House's official page about the escape, the five years in exile and the return after World War II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519160218/http://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=28689&sek=27316 |date=19 May 2015 }} {{in lang|en}}</ref>

==Post-war years==
[[File:56255 Haakon VII trontalen 1950.jpg|thumb|King Haakon VII reading the [[Speech from the Throne]] to the [[Storting]] in 1950, Crown Prince Olav on his right side|right]]
After his return, Haakon did not continue the political role that he had played during the war, and limited himself to his constitutional duties as head of state. In the late summer of 1945 he went on an extensive tour of Norway to examine the war damage and to give consolation to the population. Because of his role during the war and his personal integrity, Haakon VII was considered the highest moral authority in the country and enjoyed great esteem in all classes of the population.

In 1947, the Norwegian people, by public subscription, purchased the royal yacht [[HNoMY Norge|''Norge'']] for the King.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kongehuset.no/|title=Drømmen om Norge|website=kongehuset.no|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=21 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221095809/https://www.kongehuset.no/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1952, he attended the funeral of his wife's nephew King [[George VI]] and openly wept.

The King's granddaughter, [[Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen|Princess Ragnhild]], married businessman [[Erling Lorentzen]] (of the [[Lorentzen family]]) on 15 May 1953, being the first member of the new Norwegian royal family to marry a commoner.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paperdiscoverycenter.org/halloffame/2018/12/31/erling-sven-lorentzen|title=Erling Sven Lorentzen|website=paperdiscoverycenter.org|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117195738/https://www.paperdiscoverycenter.org/halloffame/2018/12/31/erling-sven-lorentzen|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Haakon lived to see two of his great-grandchildren born; Haakon Lorentzen (b. 23 August 1954) and Ingeborg Lorentzen (b. 3 February 1957).

[[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Crown Princess Märtha]] died of cancer on 5 April 1954.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=28675|title=Crown Princess Märtha (1901–1954)|website=kongehuset.no|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106120613/https://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=28675|url-status=live}}</ref>

King Haakon VII fell in his bathroom at the [[Bygdøy Royal Estate]] (''Bygdøy kongsgård'') in July 1955. This fall, which occurred just a month before his eighty-third birthday, resulted in a fracture to the [[thighbone]] and, although there were few other complications resulting from the fall, the King was left using a wheelchair. The once-active King was said to have been depressed by his resulting helplessness and began to lose his customary involvement and interest in current events. With Haakon's loss of mobility, and as his health deteriorated further in the summer of 1957, Crown Prince Olav appeared on behalf of his father on ceremonial occasions and took a more active role in state affairs.
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snl.no/Bygd%C3%B8y_kongsg%C3%A5rd|title=Bygdøy kongsgård|website=Store norske leksikon|author=Jon Gunnar Arntzen|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619163810/https://snl.no/Bygd%C3%B8y_kongsg%C3%A5rd|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Norwegian Post Office issued three sets of commemorative postage stamps to honour their King:

1952 – Two stamps issued 2 August to celebrate the King's 80th birthday.
1955 – Two stamps issued 25 November to celebrate the King's 50 years on the throne.
1957 – Two stamps issued 3 August to celebrate the King's 85th birthday.

An additional set was issued in 1972 to commemorate the late King's 100th anniversary of his birth.<ref>Norgeskatalogen, Oslo Filatelistklubb.</ref>

=== Death and succession ===
[[File:Kong Haakons gravferd 1. oktober 1957, Robert Charles Wilse, Oslo Museum, OB.A01141.jpg|thumb|300px|Funeral procession of King Haakon VII with [[Olav V of Norway|King Olav V]] and [[Harald V of Norway|Crown Prince Harald]] at the front, followed by (from left) King [[Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden]] and King [[Frederik IX]] of Denmark.]]
Haakon died at the [[Royal Palace, Oslo|Royal Palace]] in Oslo on 21 September 1957. He was 85 years old. At his death, Olav succeeded him as [[Olav V]]. Haakon was buried on 1 October 1957 alongside his wife in the white sarcophagus in the [[Royal Mausoleum (Norway)|Royal Mausoleum]] at [[Akershus Fortress]]. He was the last surviving son of King [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]].

== Legacy ==
Haakon VII is regarded by many as one of the greatest Norwegian leaders of the pre-war period, managing to hold his young and fragile country together in unstable political conditions. He was ranked highly in the [[Norwegian of the Century]] poll in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vg.no/i/m64Wwq|title=Han er Norges beste konge gjennom tidene|website=vg.no|date=29 December 2017|language=nb|access-date=22 September 2019|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102232618/https://www.vg.no/i/m64Wwq|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Honours==
[[File:Royal Monogram of King Haakon VII of Norway.svg|thumb|upright|[[Royal cypher]].]]
The [[King Haakon VII Sea]] in [[East Antarctica]] is named in the king's honour as well as the entire plateau surrounding the South Pole was named ''[[King Haakon VII Vidde]]'' by [[Roald Amundsen]] when he in 1911 became the first human to reach the South Pole. See [[Polheim]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southpolestation.com/trivia/igy1/polesurvey1.html|title=Amundsen's original South Pole Station|website=southpolestation.com|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214095554/http://www.southpolestation.com/trivia/igy1/polesurvey1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1914 [[Haakon County]] in the American state of [[South Dakota]] was named in his honour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://genealogytrails.com/sdak/haakon/courthousehaakon.html|title=Haakon County South Dakota|website=genealogytrails.com|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117195734/http://genealogytrails.com/sdak/haakon/courthousehaakon.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Two [[Royal Norwegian Navy]] ships—''[[HNoMS King Haakon VII|King Haakon VII]]'', an escort ship in commission from 1942 to 1951, and ''[[HNoMS Haakon VII (A537)|Haakon VII]]'', a training ship in commission from 1958 to 1974—have been named after King Haakon VII.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sjohistorie.no/no/skip/319015/|title=Skoleskip KNM Haakon VII|website=sjohistorie.no|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117195736/https://www.sjohistorie.no/no/skip/319015/|url-status=live}}</ref>

For his struggles against the Nazi regime and his effort to revive the [[Holmenkollen ski arena|Holmenkollen ski festival]] following World War II, King Haakon VII earned the [[Holmenkollen medal]] in 1955 (Shared with [[Hallgeir Brenden]], [[Veikko Hakulinen]], and [[Sverre Stenersen]]), one of only 11 people not famous for [[Nordic skiing]] to receive this honour. (The others are Norway's [[Stein Eriksen]], [[Borghild Niskin]], [[Inger Bjørnbakken]], [[Astrid Sandvik]], [[King Olav V]] (his son), [[Erik Håker]], [[Jacob Vaage]], [[King Harald V]] (his paternal grandson), and [[Queen Sonja]] (his paternal granddaughter-in-law), and Sweden's [[Ingemar Stenmark]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/friv/lists.cgi?id=86|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417055406/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/friv/lists.cgi?id=86|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|title=Olympians Who Received the Holmenkollmedaljen|website=sports-reference.com|access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref>

;Honorary military appointments
*[[Admiral (Denmark)|Admiral]] of the [[Royal Danish Navy]], ''20 November 1905'', created by his father [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|King Frederick VIII]].<ref>{{cite web|author1=Marineministeriets foranstaltning|title=Haandbog for Søværnet for 1912|url=http://www.marinehist.dk/hfs/1912-HfS.pdf|publisher=H.H. Thieles Bogtrykkeri|access-date=30 April 2019|location=Copenhagen|page=9|language=da|date=1912|archive-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430172942/http://www.marinehist.dk/hfs/1912-HfS.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Honorary [[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]] of the [[Royal Navy]]
**Honorary Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, ''7 February 1901'', created by his father-in-law King [[Edward VII]] shortly after his accession.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27285 |date=15 February 1901 |page=1147 }}</ref>
*Honorary Colonel of the [[Royal Artillery]]
* Honorary Colonel of the [[Norfolk Yeomanry]], ''11 June 1902 – 21 September 1957''<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27441 |page=3756 |date=10 June 1902}}</ref>
* Colonel-in-Chief, [[The Green Howards]], ''12 May 1942 – 21 September 1957''<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=35555 |page=2067| supp=y|date=8 May 1942}}</ref>

===National honours===
<ref name="RoyalHouse">[http://www.kongehuset.no/c29384/artikkel/vis.html?tid=29387 Royal House of Norway web page on King Haakon VII's decorations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015001910/http://www.kongehuset.no/c29384/artikkel/vis.html?tid=29387 |date=15 October 2007 }} (Norwegian) Retrieved 5 October 2007.</ref>

* {{flag|Norway}}:
** Recipient of the [[War Cross (Norway)|War Cross Medal]]
** Recipient of the [[Medal for Outstanding Civic Service|Medal for Outstanding Civic Service, Special Class]]
* {{flag|Denmark}}:<ref name="Statskalender">{{cite book|year=1953|orig-year=1st pub.:1801|editor1-last=Bille-Hansen|editor1-first=A. C.|editor2-last=Holck|editor2-first=Harald|title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1953|trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1953|url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/918016.pdf|series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender|language=da|location=Copenhagen|publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri|pages=16, 18|access-date=16 September 2019|via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]|archive-date=9 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109181958/https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/918016.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
** Knight of the [[Order of the Elephant]], ''3 August 1890''
** Knight Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Dannebrog]], ''28 July 1912''
** Member of the [[Dannebrogordenens Hæderstegn|Decoration of the Cross of Honour of the Dannebrog]], ''3 August 1890''
** [[King Christian X's Freedom Medal]]
** Commemorative Medal for King Christian IX and Queen Louise's Golden Wedding Anniversary
** Commemorative Medal for King Christian IX's 100th birthday
** Commemorative Medal for King Frederik VIII's 100th birthday

;Foreign<ref name="RoyalHouse"/>
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* {{flag|Austria}}: Grand Star of the [[Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria]]
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]] (military), ''2 October 1906''<ref>{{citation|title=Almanach Royale Belgique|year=1907|chapter=Liste des Membres de l'Ordre de Léopold|language=French|page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044105238349&view=1up&seq=96&skin=2021 86]|location=Bruxelles|via=hathitrust.org}}</ref>
* {{flag|Brazil}}: [[Order of the Southern Cross|Grand Cross of the Southern Cross]], with Collar
* {{flag|Czechoslovakia}}:
** [[Order of the White Lion|Grand Cross of the White Lion]], ''1937''<ref>[http://www.vyznamenani.net/?p=1053 "Kolana Řádu Bílého lva aneb hlavy států v řetězech"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219043417/http://www.vyznamenani.net/?p=1053 |date=19 December 2021 }} (in Czech), ''Czech Medals and Orders Society''. Retrieved 9 August 2018.</ref>
** [[Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945]]
* {{flagicon|Ethiopian Empire}} [[Solomonic dynasty|Ethiopian Imperial Family]]: Collar of the [[Order of Solomon]]
* {{flag|Finland}}: [[Order of the White Rose of Finland|Grand Cross of the White Rose]], with Collar, ''1926''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ritarikunnat.fi/index.php/fi/64-ritarikunnat/palkitut/216-suomen-valkoisen-ruusun-ritarikunnan-suurristin-ketjuineen-saajat-ulkomaalaiset|title=Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun Suurristi Ketjuineen|website=ritarikunnat.fi|language=fi|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927002640/http://www.ritarikunnat.fi/index.php/fi/64-ritarikunnat/palkitut/216-suomen-valkoisen-ruusun-ritarikunnan-suurristin-ketjuineen-saajat-ulkomaalaiset|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}:
** Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]]
** [[Croix de guerre 1939–1945|Cross of War (1939–1945)]]
** [[Médaille Militaire]]
* {{flagicon|Greece|royal}} [[Greek royal family]]:
** [[Greek War Cross#1940 version|War Cross]], ''1940''
** [[Order of the Redeemer|Grand Cross of the Redeemer]], ''1947''
* {{flag|Iceland}}: [[Order of the Falcon|Grand Cross of the Falcon]], with Collar, ''1955''<ref>[http://falkadb.forseti.is/orduskra/fal03.php?term=Hakon+VII&sub=Leita Icelandese Presidency Website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217033359/http://falkadb.forseti.is/orduskra/fal03.php?term=Hakon+VII&sub=Leita |date=17 February 2015 }} , Hakon VII ; konungur ; Noregur ; 25 May 1955 ; Stórkross með keðju (= Haakon VII , King , Norway, 25 May 1955, Grand Cross with Collar)</ref>
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Italian royal family]]: [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation]], ''12 April 1909''<ref name="dell'interno1920">{{cite book|author=Italy. Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PR3|year=1920|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PA57 57]|access-date=8 October 2020|archive-date=22 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922183837/https://books.google.com/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PR3|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}: Collar of the [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]]
* {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[House of Hohenzollern|German imperial and royal family]]:
** [[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Black Eagle]]
** [[Order of the Red Eagle|Grand Cross of the Red Eagle]]
** {{Flagicon image|Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg}} [[House of Mecklenburg|Mecklenburg Grand Ducal Family]]: [[House Order of the Wendish Crown|Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown]], with Crown in Ore
* {{flag|Netherlands}}: [[Order of the Netherlands Lion|Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion]]
* {{flag|Peru}}: [[Order of the Sun of Peru|Grand Cross of the Sun of Peru]], in Diamonds, ''1922''
* {{flag|Poland}}: [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Knight of the White Eagle]], ''1930''
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Portugal}} [[Portuguese royal family]]:
** Grand Cross of the [[Sash of the Three Orders]]
** [[Order of the Tower and Sword|Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword]]
* {{flagicon|Kingdom of Romania}} [[Romanian royal family]]: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Carol I]], with Collar
* {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Russian imperial family]]:
** [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew]]
** [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky|Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky]]
** [[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Knight of the White Eagle]]
** [[Order of St. Anna|Knight of St. Anna]], 1st Class
** [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)|Knight of St. Stanislaus]], 1st Class
* {{flagcountry|Restoration (Spain)}}: [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Knight of the Golden Fleece]], with Collar, ''16 July 1910''<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0001063199&search=&lang=es|chapter=Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1929|access-date=21 March 2019|page=216|language=es|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805142135/http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0001063199&search=&lang=es|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sweden|1844}}: [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim]], ''30 May 1893''<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1905|page=440|url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1905/0464.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=20 February 2019|language=sv|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224140523/http://runeberg.org/statskal/1905/0464.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Thailand}}: Knight of the [[Order of the Royal House of Chakri]]
* {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Ottoman dynasty|Turkish Imperial Family]]: [[Order of Osmanieh]], 1st Class in Diamonds
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}:
** [[Order of the Bath|Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath]] (civil), ''21 July 1896''<ref name=p214>Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n305/mode/2up p. 214]</ref>
** Honorary Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]], ''2 February 1901'' – on the day of the funeral of [[Queen Victoria]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27285 |date=15 February 1901 |page=1145 }}</ref>
** [[Royal Victorian Chain]], ''9 August 1902''<ref name=p415>Shaw, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n505/mode/2up p. 415]</ref>
** [[Knight of the Garter]], ''9 November 1906''<ref name="EG-11881-1153">[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/11881/page/1153 ''The Edinburgh Gazette''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021122030/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/11881/page/1153 |date=21 October 2021 }}, issue 11881, p. 1153</ref>
** [[Venerable Order of St. John|Associate Bailiff Grand Cross of St. John]], ''12 June 1926''<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33284 |date=14 June 1927 |page=3836 }}</ref>
** [[Queen Victoria Diamond Jubilee Medal]]
** [[King Edward VII Coronation Medal]]
** Honorary Citizen of [[Largs]], Scotland<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Miscellany|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,791786,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215003819/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,791786,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 December 2008|magazine=Time|date=25 December 1944|access-date=17 January 2009}}</ref>
}}

==In popular culture==
Haakon was portrayed by [[Jakob Cedergren]] in the 2009 [[NRK]] drama series ''[[Harry & Charles]]'', a series that focused on the events leading up to the [[Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden|election of King Haakon in 1905]]. [[Jesper Christensen]] portrayed the King in the 2016 film ''[[The King's Choice]]'' (''Kongens nei'') which was based on the events surrounding the German invasion of Norway and the King's decision to resist. The film won widespread critical acclaim, and was Norway's submission for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[89th Academy Awards]]. The film made the shortlist of nine finalists in December 2016.<ref name="Norway">{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/rampelys/film/oscar/kongens-nei-er-norges-oscar-kandidat/a/23786221/|title="Kongens nei" er Norges Oscar-kandidat|last=Johansen|first=Øystein David|work=[[Verdens Gang]]|date=8 September 2016|access-date=8 September 2016|archive-date=18 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918050953/http://www.vg.no/rampelys/film/oscar/kongens-nei-er-norges-oscar-kandidat/a/23786221/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SD">{{cite web|url=http://www.screendaily.com/news/oscars-norway-picks-the-kings-choice/5109203.article|title=Oscars: Norway picks 'The King's Choice'|last=Sandwell|first=Ian|work=[[ScreenDaily]]|date=8 September 2016|access-date=8 September 2016|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009020937/http://www.screendaily.com/news/oscars-norway-picks-the-kings-choice/5109203.article|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DecSL">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/oscars-2017-foreign-language-race-1201943744/|title=Oscars: Nine Films Advance in Foreign-Language Race|date=15 December 2016|access-date=15 December 2016|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=17 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217125337/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/oscars-2017-foreign-language-race-1201943744/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vg.no/rampelys/film/i/EGMaj/kongens-nei-er-norges-oscar-kandidat|title="Kongens nei" er Norges Oscar-kandidat|website=VG|date=8 September 2016|access-date=1 November 2019|archive-date=16 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116154233/https://www.vg.no/rampelys/film/i/EGMaj/kongens-nei-er-norges-oscar-kandidat|url-status=live}}</ref> Haakon was portrayed by [[Søren Pilmark]] in the 2020 NRK drama series ''[[Atlantic Crossing (TV series)|Atlantic Crossing]]'', a series regarding [[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Crown Princess Märtha]]'s handling of the royal family exile from 1939 to 1945.

==Issue==
{{House of Oldenburg (Glucksburg-Norway)}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#cccccc"
!Name!!Birth!!Death!!class="unsortable"|Notes<ref name="Burke's Royal Families"/>
|-
|data-sort-value="Olav V"|[[Olav V]]||2 July 1903||17 January 1991||King of Norway 1957–1991; married 1929, [[Princess Märtha of Sweden]]; had issue; descendants include [[Harald V of Norway]]
|}
{{Clear}}

==Ancestry==
{{See also|Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark}}

{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1= background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2= background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3= background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4= background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Haakon VII of Norway'''
|2= 2. [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]]
|3= 3. [[Louise of Sweden|Princess Louise of Sweden and Norway]]
|4= 4. [[Christian IX of Denmark]]
|5= 5. [[Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel]]
|6= 6. [[Charles XV of Sweden]] and Norway
|7= 7. [[Princess Louise of the Netherlands]]
|8= 8. [[Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]
|9= 9. [[Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel]]
|10= 10. [[Prince William of Hesse-Kassel]]
|11= 11. [[Princess Charlotte of Denmark]] and Norway
|12= 12. [[Oscar I of Sweden]] and Norway
|13= 13. [[Josephine of Leuchtenberg|Princess Josephine of Leuchtenberg]]
|14= 14. [[Prince Frederick of the Netherlands]]
|15= 15. [[Princess Louise of Prussia (1808-1870)|Princess Louise of Prussia]]
}}

==See also==
* [[List of state visits made by Haakon VII of Norway]]
* [[List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)]], [[List of covers of Time magazine (1930s)|(1930s)]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
<!-- {{cite book|author=Lincoln, Abraham; Grant, U.S.; & Davis, Jefferson|title=Resolving Family Differences Peacefully|location=Gettysburg|publisher=Printing Press|year=1861|isbn=0123456789}} -->
* {{ cite book|last=Bomann-Larsen|first=Tor|author-link=Tor Bomann-Larsen|title=Haakon og Maud I/Kongstanken|location=Oslo|publisher=Cappelen|year=2004|isbn=82-02-22527-2|language=no}}
* {{ cite book|last=Bomann-Larsen|first=Tor|author-link=Tor Bomann-Larsen|title=Haakon og Maud II/Folket|location=Oslo|publisher=Cappelen|year=2004|isbn=978-82-02-22529-2|language=no}}
* {{ cite book|last=Bomann-Larsen|first=Tor|author-link=Tor Bomann-Larsen|title=Haakon og Maud III/Vintertronen|location=Oslo|publisher=Cappelen|year=2006|isbn=978-82-02-24665-5|language=no}}
* {{ cite book|last=Bramsen|first=Bo|year=1992|title=Huset Glücksborg. Europas svigerfader og hans efterslægt.|trans-title=The House of Glücksburg. The Father-in-law of Europe and his descendants|edition=2nd|publisher=Forlaget Forum|location=Copenhagen|isbn=87-553-1843-6|language=da}}
* {{ cite book|last=Dahl|first=Hans Fredrik|author-link=Hans Fredrik Dahl|title=Norsk krigsleksikon 1940–45|location=Oslo|publisher=Cappelen|year=1995|isbn=8202141389|language=no}}
* {{ cite book|last=Greve|first=Tim|author-link=Tim Greve|title=Haakon VII of Norway: Founder of a New Monarchy|url=https://archive.org/details/haakonviiofnorwa0000grev|url-access=registration|year=1983|publisher=Hurst|isbn=978-0905838663}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Lerche|first1=Anna|last2=Mandal|first2=Marcus|year=2003|title=A royal family : the story of Christian IX and his European descendants|location=Copenhagen|publisher=Aschehoug|isbn=9788715109577}}
* {{ cite book|last=Shirer|first=William L.|author-link=William l. Shirer|title=The Challenge of Scandinavia|location=London|publisher=Robert Hale|year=1956|oclc=930493567}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{EB1911 poster|Haakon|Haakon VII of Norway}}
* [http://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=28678&sek=28571 King Haakon − biography (Official Website of the Royal House of Norway)]
* [http://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/carl-haakon-vii/ Prince Carl (Haakon VII)] at the website of the [[Royal Danish Collection]] at [[Amalienborg Palace]]
* {{NPG name|name=Haakon VII, King of Norway}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]|3 August|1872|21 September|1957|[[House of Oldenburg]]|name=Haakon VII}}
{{s-reg}}
|-
{{s-vac|last=[[Oscar II]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Norwegian monarchs|King of Norway]]|years=1905–1957}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Olav V]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Monarchs of Norway}}
{{Danish princes}}
{{Holmenkollen medal}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haakon 07 of Norway}}
[[Category:1872 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Norwegian monarchs]]
[[Category:Princes of Denmark]]
[[Category:House of Glücksburg (Norway)]]
[[Category:House of Glücksburg (Denmark)]]
[[Category:Norwegian people of World War II]]
[[Category:World War II governments in exile based in London]]
[[Category:19th-century Royal Danish Navy officers]]
[[Category:20th-century Royal Danish Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games]]
[[Category:Recipients of the War Cross with Sword (Norway)]]
[[Category:Holmenkollen medalists]]
[[Category:Grand Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion]]
[[Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)]]
[[Category:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John]]
[[Category:Recipients of the War Cross (Greece)]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Sun of Peru]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz|3]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)|3]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword|3]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses with Diamonds of the Order of the Sun of Peru]]
[[Category:Burials at the Royal Mausoleum (Norway)]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)]]
[[Category:Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Children of Frederick VIII of Denmark]]