Editing H. R. Giger

{{short description|Swiss artist (1940–2014)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = H. R. Giger
| image              = HR Giger 2012.jpg
| alt                = 
| caption            = Giger in 2012
| birth_name         = Hans Ruedi Giger
| birth_date         = {{birth date|df=yes|1940|2|5}}
| birth_place        = [[Chur]], [[Graubünden]], Switzerland
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2014|05|12|1940|2|5}}
| death_place        = [[Zürich]], Switzerland
| occupation         = Painter, sculptor, set designer, film director
| style              = [[Biomechanical art]], [[Science fiction]], [[Horror fiction|horror]], [[fantasy]]
| website            = {{URL|hrgiger.com}}
| spouse             = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Mia Bonzanigo|1979|1981|end=div}}
* {{marriage|Carmen Maria Scheifele|2006}}
}}
| partner            = [[Li Tobler]] (1966–1975)
| signature          = Hans Ruedi Giger-signature.svg
}}

'''Hans Ruedi Giger''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|iː|ɡ|ər}} {{respell|GHEE|gər}}; {{IPA|de|ˈɡiːɡɐ|lang}}; 5 February 1940 – 12 May 2014) was a [[Swiss people|Swiss]] artist best known for his [[airbrushed]] images that blended human physiques with machines, an art style known as "[[biomechanical art|biomechanical]]". He was part of the [[special effects]] team that won an [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Academy Award]] for the visual design of [[Ridley Scott]]'s 1979 sci-fi horror film ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]'', and was responsible for creating the [[xenomorph]] alien itself.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Book of Alien|author=Paul Scanlon|author2=Michael Gross|date=1979|publisher=WH Allen & Co.}}</ref> His work is on permanent display at the H. R. Giger Museum in [[Gruyères]], [[Switzerland]]. His style has been adapted to many forms of media, including [[album covers]], furniture, [[tattoo]]s and video games.

==Early life==
Giger was born in 1940 in [[Chur]], the capital city of [[Graubünden]], the largest and easternmost [[Cantons of Switzerland|Swiss canton]]. His father, a pharmacist, viewed art as a "breadless profession" and strongly encouraged him to enter [[pharmacy]]. He moved to [[Zürich]] in 1962 where he studied architecture and [[industrial design]] at the School of Applied Arts until 1970.<ref name="Arh+">Hans Ruedi Giger, ''HR Giger ARh+'', translated by Karen Williams, [[Taschen]], 1993. {{ISBN|978-3-8228-9642-6}}.</ref>

==Career==
[[File:HR Giger Gebärmaschine Aluminium.jpg|thumb|''Birth Machine'' sculpture in Gruyères]]
Giger's first success occurred when H. H. Kunz, co-owner of Switzerland's first poster publishing company, printed and distributed Giger's first posters, beginning in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HR Giger Museum |url=https://www.hrgigermuseum.com/index2.php?option=bio&pg=6&act=l |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727152637/http://www.hrgigermuseum.com/index2.php?option=bio&pg=6&act=l |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=www.hrgigermuseum.com}}</ref>

Giger's style and thematic execution were influential. He was part of the special effects team that won an [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Academy Award]] for Best Achievement in Visual Effects for their design work on the film ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]''.<ref name=warwick/><ref>[http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1980 "The 52nd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402002939/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1980 |date=2 April 2015 }}. Oscars.org.</ref> His design for the [[Alien (creature in Alien franchise)|Alien]] was inspired by his painting ''[[Necronom IV]]'' and earned him the [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] in 1980. His books of paintings, particularly ''[[Necronomicon (H. R. Giger)|Necronomicon]]'' and ''Necronomicon II'' (1985) and the frequent appearance of his art in ''[[Omni (magazine)|Omni]]'' magazine contributed to his rise to international prominence.<ref name="Arh+" /> Giger was admitted to the [[Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame]] in 2013.<ref name=sfadb/><ref name=sffhof2013/> He is also well known for artwork on several music recording albums including ''[[Danzig III: How The Gods Kill]]'' by [[Danzig (band)|Danzig]], ''[[Brain Salad Surgery]]'' by [[Emerson, Lake & Palmer]], ''[[Attahk]]'' by [[Magma (band)|Magma]], ''[[Heartwork]]'' by [[Carcass (band)|Carcass]], ''[[To Mega Therion (album)|To Mega Therion]]'' by [[Celtic Frost]], ''[[Eparistera Daimones]]'' and ''[[Melana Chasmata]]'' by [[Triptykon]], [[Debbie Harry|Deborah Harry's]] ''[[KooKoo]],'' ''[[Atomic Playboys]]'' by [[Steve Stevens]], and ''[[Frankenchrist]]'' by [[Dead Kennedys|the Dead Kennedys]].

In 1998, Giger acquired the [[Saint-Germain Castle]] in [[Gruyères]], Switzerland, which now houses the H.R. Giger Museum, a permanent repository of his work.<ref>Gary Singh, "Giger Harvest", Silicon Alleys, ''Metro Silicon Valley'', 8–14 July 2009, p. 8.</ref>

==Personal life==
Giger had a relationship with Swiss actress [[Li Tobler]] until she died by suicide in 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilbey |first=Ryan |date=13 May 2014 |title=HR Giger obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/13/hr-giger |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425133713/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/13/hr-giger |archive-date=25 April 2015 |access-date=28 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Tobler's image appears in many of his paintings. He married Mia Bonzanigo in 1979; they divorced a year and a half later.

Giger lived and worked in Zürich with his second wife, Carmen Maria Scheifele Giger, who is the director of the H. R. Giger Museum.<ref>[http://www.hrgiger.com/bio.htm "HR Giger Abbreviated Biography"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227101118/http://www.hrgiger.com/bio.htm |date=27 February 2014 }}, 12 December 2012.</ref>

On 12 May 2014, Giger died in a Zürich hospital after suffering injuries from a fall.<ref name="NYT-20140514">{{Cite news |last=Martin |first=Douglas |date=14 May 2014 |title=H. R. Giger, Swiss Artist, Dies at 74; His Vision Gave Life to 'Alien' Creature |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/14/arts/h-r-giger-swiss-artist-dies-at-74-his-vision-gave-life-to-alien-creature.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=14 May 2014 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/14/arts/h-r-giger-swiss-artist-dies-at-74-his-vision-gave-life-to-alien-creature.html |archive-date=2022-01-02}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="SWI-20140513">{{Cite news |last=Staff |date=13 May 2014 |title='Alien' creator H.R. Giger is dead |work=[[swissinfo]] |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/oscar-winner_-alien--creator-h-r--giger-is-dead/38569780 |url-status=live |access-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144422/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/oscar-winner_-alien--creator-h-r--giger-is-dead/38569780 |archive-date=12 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="AP-20140513">{{Cite news |last=Jordans |first=Frank |date=13 May 2014 |title='Alien' artist H.R. Giger dies at 74 |agency=Associated Press |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140513/eu-switzerland-obit-giger-1c5240b3e2.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513230554/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140513/eu-switzerland-obit-giger-1c5240b3e2.html |archive-date=13 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="TA-20140513">{{Cite news |last=Zweifel, Philippe |date=13 May 2014 |title=Der "Alien"-Vater ist tot |work=[[Tages-Anzeiger]] |url=http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/kultur/kino/Bericht-HR-Giger-ist-tot-/story/10859595 |url-status=live |access-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163300/https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/kultur/kino/Bericht-HR-Giger-ist-tot-/story/10859595 |archive-date=12 June 2018}}</ref>

==Style==
Giger started with small ink drawings before progressing to oil paintings. For most of his career, he worked predominantly in [[airbrush]], creating monochromatic canvasses depicting surreal, [[nightmare|nightmarish]] dreamscapes. He also worked with pastels, markers and ink.<ref name="Arh+" />

Giger's most distinctive stylistic innovation was that of a representation of human bodies and machines in cold, [[cyborg|interconnected relationships]], which he described as "biomechanical". His main influences were painters [[Dado (painter)|Dado]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.hrgiger.com/museum/introduction.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111010729/http://www.hrgiger.com/museum/introduction.htm |archive-date=11 January 2015 |access-date=9 January 2015}}</ref> [[Ernst Fuchs (artist)|Ernst Fuchs]], and [[Salvador Dalí]]. He was introduced to Dali by painter [[Robert Venosa]]. Giger was also influenced by Polish sculptor [[Stanislaw Szukalski]], and by painters [[Austin Osman Spare]] and [[Mati Klarwein]],<ref>"R.F. Paul. "Baphomet's Lament: An Interview with H.R. Giger". ''Esoterra: The Journal of Extreme Culture'' 9 (fall/winter 2000)</ref> and was a personal friend of [[Timothy Leary]]. He studied interior and industrial design at the School of Commercial Art in Zurich from 1962 to 1965, and made his first paintings as [[art therapy]].<ref name="Arh+" />

==Other works==
[[Image:Gigerbar.jpg|thumb|Entrance to Giger Bar in Chur]]
[[File:Giger gitarren.jpg|thumb|Ibanez H. R. Giger signature bass and guitars]]
Giger directed a number of films, including ''Swiss Made'' (1968), ''Tagtraum'' (1973), ''Giger's Necronomicon'' (1975) and ''Giger's Alien'' (1979).

Giger created furniture designs, particularly the [[Harkonnen Capo Chair]] for a film of the novel ''[[Dune (novel)|Dune]]'' that was to be directed by [[Alejandro Jodorowsky]]. Many years later, [[David Lynch]] directed the film, using only rough concepts by Giger. Giger had wished to work with Lynch,<ref>Sheldon Teitelbaum, "[http://www.littlegiger.com/articles/files/Cinefantastique_18_04.pdf Giger's Necronomicon Imagery Comes Alive on the Screen"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001030842/http://www.littlegiger.com/articles/files/Cinefantastique_18_04.pdf |date=1 October 2011 }}, ''Cinefantastique'' vol. 18 no. 4, May 1988, p. 13 (PDF). Retrieved 9 July 2009.</ref> as he stated in one of his books that Lynch's film ''[[Eraserhead]]'' was closer than even Giger's own films to realizing his vision.<ref name="Arh+" />

Giger also applied his biomechanical style to interior design. One "[[Giger Bar]]" appeared in Tokyo, but the realization of his designs was a great disappointment to him, since the Japanese organization behind the venture did not wait for his final designs, and instead used Giger's rough preliminary sketches. For that reason Giger disowned the Tokyo bar.<ref name="cnet">{{Cite web |last=Burton |first=Bonnie |title=Cheers to the aliens: Sci-Fi Hotel, Giger Bar coming to US? |url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/cheers-to-the-aliens-sci-fi-hotel-giger-bar-coming-to-us/ |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref> The two Giger Bars in his native Switzerland, in Gruyères and Chur, were built under Giger's close supervision and they accurately reflect his original concepts. At [[The Limelight#New York City location|The Limelight]] in Manhattan, Giger's artwork was licensed to decorate the VIP room, the uppermost chapel of the landmarked church, but it was never intended to be a permanent installation and bore no similarity to the bars in Switzerland. The arrangement was terminated after two years when the Limelight closed.<ref>Frank X. Owen, ''Clubland: The Fabulous Rise and Murderous Fall of Club Culture'', New York: St. Martin's, 2003, p. 269.</ref>

Giger's art has greatly influenced tattooists and [[List of fetish artists|fetishists]] worldwide. Under a licensing deal [[Ibanez]] guitars released an H. R. Giger signature series: the Ibanez ICHRG2, an [[Ibanez Iceman]], features "NY City VI", the Ibanez RGTHRG1 has "NY City XI" printed on it, the S Series SHRG1Z has a metal-coated engraving of "Biomechanical Matrix" on it, and a 4-string SRX bass, SRXHRG1, has "N.Y. City X" on it.<ref name="Arh+" />

Giger is often referred to in popular culture, especially in science fiction and [[cyberpunk]]. [[William Gibson]] (who wrote an early script for ''[[Alien 3]]'') seems particularly fascinated: A minor character in ''[[Virtual Light]]'', Lowell, is described as having ''New York XXIV'' tattooed across his back, and in ''[[Idoru]]'' a secondary character, [[Shinya Yamazaki|Yamazaki]], describes the buildings of [[Nanotechnology|nanotech]] Japan as Giger-esque.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}

===Films===
* ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]'' (designed, among other things, the [[Alien (creature in Alien franchise)|Alien]] creature, "The Derelict" and the "Space Jockey")<ref>{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: 'H.R. Giger's World' Film Poster |url=https://www.inkedmag.com/culture/exclusive-giger |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410230220/https://www.inkedmag.com/culture/exclusive-giger |archive-date=10 April 2021 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=Inked|date=4 February 2015 }}</ref>
* ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]]'' (credited for the creation of the creature only)
* ''[[Alien 3]]'' (designed the dog-like Alien bodyshape, plus a number of unused concepts, many mentioned on the special features disc of ''Alien 3'', despite not being credited in the theatrical version)
* ''[[Alien Resurrection]]'' (credited for the creation of the creature only)
* ''[[Alien vs. Predator (film)|Alien vs. Predator]]'' (credited for the creation of the creature only)
* ''[[Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem]]'' (credited for the creation of the creature only)
* ''[[Poltergeist II: The Other Side]]''
* ''[[Killer Condom]]'' (creative consultant, set design)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Killer Condom |url=http://www.stockholmfilmfestival.se/en/festival/1997/film/kondom_des_grauens |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914010101/http://www.stockholmfilmfestival.se/en/festival/1997/film/kondom_des_grauens |archive-date=14 September 2016 |access-date=14 September 2016 |website=Stockholm Film Festival |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Gelder |first=Lawrence |author-link=Lawrence Van Gelder |title=Film Review: Safe Sex It Is Not |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B05E4D91238F932A05754C0A96E958260 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914193353/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B05E4D91238F932A05754C0A96E958260 |archive-date=14 September 2016 |access-date=14 September 2016 |website=New York Times |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Species (film)|Species]]'' (designed Sil, and the Ghost Train in a dream sequence)
* ''[[Species II]]'' (the film includes Eve, based on creature Sil from the first ''Species'' film)
* ''[[Future-Kill]]'' (designed artwork for the movie poster)
* ''[[Tokyo: The Last Megalopolis]]'' (creature designs)<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 1997 |title=Movie Projects with H.R.Giger |url=http://www.littlegiger.com/movies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103021200/http://www.littlegiger.com/movies/ |archive-date=3 January 2015 |access-date=2 August 2014 |publisher=Littlegiger.com}}</ref>
* ''[[Prometheus (2012 film)|Prometheus]]'' (The 2012 film includes "The Derelict" spacecraft and the "Space Jockey" designs from the first ''Alien'' film, as well as a "Temple" design from the failed Jodorowsky ''Dune'' project and original extraterrestrial murals created exclusively for ''Prometheus'', based in conceptual art from ''Alien''. Unlike ''Alien Resurrection'', the ''Prometheus'' film credited H. R. Giger with the original designs.)<ref name="filmophiliascott">{{Cite web |date=17 December 2011 |title=Interview: Ridley Scott Talks Prometheus, Giger, Beginning of Man and Original Alien |url=http://filmophilia.com/2011/12/17/interview-ridley-scott-talks-prometheus-giger-beginning-of-man-and-original-alien/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604222729/http://filmophilia.com/2011/12/17/interview-ridley-scott-talks-prometheus-giger-beginning-of-man-and-original-alien/ |archive-date=4 June 2012 |access-date=19 December 2011 |publisher=Filmophilia}}</ref>
* ''[[Alien: Covenant]]'' (the 2017 film includes the Alien creature,  "The Derelict" spacecraft and the "Space Jockey" designs from the first ''Alien'' film. It also showcases the Proto Bloodburster / Neomorph in David's lab, which was designed but unused for ''Prometheus''.)

===Work for recording artists===
[[Image:2014228185123 2014-08-16 Rock'n'Heim - Sven - 1D X - 410 - DV3P9271 mod.jpg|thumb|Jonathan Davis with his microphone stand]]
* [[Celtic Frost]]: ''[[To Mega Therion (album)|To Mega Therion]]''
* [[Magma (band)|Magma]]: ''[[Attahk]]''
* [[Emerson, Lake & Palmer]]: ''[[Brain Salad Surgery]]'' 
* [[Floh de Cologne]]: ''Mumien'' 
* [[Steve Stevens]]' ''[[Atomic Playboys]]''
* [[Debbie Harry|Debbie Harry]], portraits for ''[[KooKoo]]'' album cover and videos "Backfired" and "Now I Know You Know" 
* [[Hide (musician)|hide]]: ''[[Hide Your Face]]''
* [[Carcass (band)|Carcass]]: ''[[Heartwork]]'' 
* [[Danzig (band)|Danzig]]: ''[[Danzig III: How the Gods Kill]]''
* [[Dead Kennedys]]' album ''[[Frankenchrist]]'', Poster insert of [[Penis Landscape|Landscape XX]] (which led to an [[Dead Kennedys#Frankenchrist and obscenity trial (1985–1986)|obscenity trial]])
* [[Atrocity (band)|Atrocity]] – ''[[Hallucinations (Atrocity album)|Hallucinations]]''
* [[Korn]]'s [[Jonathan Davis]] commissioned Giger to design and sculpt a microphone stand, with the requirement that it be biomechanical, erotic, and movable. The contract allowed for five aluminium microphone stands to be made, but Davis purchased only two of the three to which he was entitled. The design of the microphone stand was later adapted to Giger's ''Nubian Queen'', transforming it into a fine art sculpture.<ref>{{Cite book |title=HR Giger |publisher=Taschen |year=2002 |isbn=3-8228-1723-6 |page=114}}</ref>
* Helped to design the first professional video clip of "[[Böhse Onkelz]]" called "Dunkler Ort" (dark location) from their album ''Ein böses Märchen&nbsp;... aus tausend finsteren Nächten'', which was released in 2000.
* [[Ibanez|Ibanez Guitars]] released a series of H. R. Giger Signature Models with artwork on the body.<ref>{{Cite web |title=H.R. Giger Signature Guitar Series |url=http://www.hrgiger.com/ibanez.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605073151/http://www.hrgiger.com/ibanez.htm |archive-date=5 June 2017 |access-date=24 May 2017}}</ref>
* [[Triptykon]]: ''[[Eparistera Daimones]]''
* [[Triptykon]]: ''[[Melana Chasmata]]''

===Interior decoration===
* [[Giger Bar]]s in Switzerland's [[Chur]] and [[Gruyères]]
* [[Maison d'Ailleurs]] (House of Elsewhere) in [[Yverdon-les-Bains]]

===Video games===
* ''[[Dark Seed (video game)|Dark Seed]]'' and its sequel, ''[[Dark Seed II]]'', both [[adventure game]]s for the [[Amiga]], Macintosh, and PC, were developed by [[Cyberdreams]] and directly based on Giger's input.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |last=Stuart |first=Keith |date=13 May 2014 |title=HR Giger: artist whose biomechanical art had vast influence on game design |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/13/hr-giger-died-artist-game-design-biomechanical-surrealist |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517203353/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/13/hr-giger-died-artist-game-design-biomechanical-surrealist |archive-date=17 May 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>
* [[Manfred Trenz]] incorporated Giger inspired graphics in many of his games, most notably the ''[[Turrican]]'' series and ''[[Katakis]]''.
* The world design of the [[survival horror]] game [[Scorn (video game)|Scorn]] is strongly inspired by the works of Giger and [[Zdzisław Beksiński]].

==Recognition==
[[File:Gigerplatz street name sign.jpg|thumb|Street name sign in Chur, Switzerland]]
Giger was awarded the [[Inkpot Award]] in 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2012 |title=Inkpot Award |url=https://www.comic-con.org/awards/inkpot |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129155249/http://www.comic-con.org/awards/inkpot |archive-date=29 January 2017 |access-date=12 September 2020 |website=Comic-Con International: San Diego}}</ref>

In addition to his awards, Giger was recognized by a variety of festivals and institutions. On the one year anniversary of his death, the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City staged the series ''The Unseen Cinema of HR Giger'' in May 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chu |first=Christine |date=19 May 2015 |title=HR Giger Retrospective Comes to the Museum of Arts and Design One Year After His Death |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/hr-giger-retrospective-comes-museum-arts-design-one-year-death-290683 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155349/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/hr-giger-retrospective-comes-museum-arts-design-one-year-death-290683 |archive-date=25 August 2015 |access-date=5 August 2015 |website=Artnet |publisher=Artnet Worldwide Corporation}}</ref>

''[[Dark Star: H. R. Giger's World]]'', a biographical documentary by Belinda Sallin, debuted 27 September 2014 in Zurich, Switzerland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Belinda Sallin on capturing the life and art of H.R. Giger – Blastr – Ernie Estrella, May 15, 2015 |url=http://www.blastr.com/2015-5-15/belinda-sallin-capturing-life-and-art-hr-giger-her-documentary-dark-star-hr-gigers-world |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926022839/http://www.blastr.com/2015-5-15/belinda-sallin-capturing-life-and-art-hr-giger-her-documentary-dark-star-hr-gigers-world |archive-date=26 September 2015 |access-date=28 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{IMDb title | id= 4074502 | title=  Dark Star: H.R. Giger's World (2014)}}</ref>

In July 2018, the asteroid [[109712 Giger]] was named in his memory.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mills |first=George |date=12 September 2018 |title=From anarchy to onion heads: The Local's A–Z guide to essential Swiss culture |url=https://www.thelocal.ch/20180912/from-anarchy-to-onion-heads-the-locals-az-of-essential-swiss-culture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127061602/https://www.thelocal.ch/20180912/from-anarchy-to-onion-heads-the-locals-az-of-essential-swiss-culture |archive-date=27 January 2021 |access-date=9 August 2020 |newspaper=The Local Switzerland |publisher=[[The Local]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=<ref name="warwick">[https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2006/apr/29/onlocationfilminspiredtravel.switzerland.travelfoodanddrink "Out of this world: {...} Welcome to the Giger Bar"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305162224/http://www.theguardian.com/travel/2006/apr/29/onlocationfilminspiredtravel.switzerland.travelfoodanddrink |date=5 March 2016 }}. Samantha Warwick. ''[[The Guardian]]''. 29 April 2006. Retrieved 18 June 2009.</ref><ref name="sfadb">[http://www.sfadb.com/H_R_Giger "H. R. Giger"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719012515/http://www.sfadb.com/H_R_Giger |date=19 July 2014 }}. Science Fiction Awards Database (''sfadb.com''). Mark R. Kelly and the [[Locus Science Fiction Foundation]]. Retrieved 11 September 2013.</ref><ref name=sffhof2013>[http://www.empmuseum.org/about-emp/emp-news/emp-newsflash/science-fiction-and-fantasy-hall-of-fame-emp-welcomes-five-major-players.aspx "Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame: EMP welcomes five major players"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818180527/http://empmuseum.org/about-emp/emp-news/emp-newsflash/science-fiction-and-fantasy-hall-of-fame-emp-welcomes-five-major-players.aspx |date=18 August 2013 }}. [June 2013].<br />[http://www.empmuseum.org/at-the-museum/museum-features/science-fiction-and-fantasy-hall-of-fame/members/hr-giger.aspx "H.R. Giger: The man behind the monster, Alien"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702004320/http://www.empmuseum.org/at-the-museum/museum-features/science-fiction-and-fantasy-hall-of-fame/members/hr-giger.aspx |date=2 July 2014 }}. EMP Museum (''empmuseum.org''). Retrieved 11 September 2013.</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|H. R. Giger}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.hrgigermuseum.com Museum HR Giger]
* {{Cite news |last=Williamson |first=Marcus |author-link=Marcus Williamson |date=14 May 2014 |title=HR Giger: Artist hailed for his surrealistic creatures in nightmare landscapes who won an Oscar for his work on 'Alien' |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/hr-giger-artist-hailed-for-his-surrealistic-creatures-in-nightmare-landscapes-who-won-an-oscar-for-his-work-on-alien-9365030.html |series=Obituary}}
* {{Isfdb name|21090}}
* {{IMDb name|0317592}}

{{Hmcontribs}}
{{Academy Award Best Visual Effects}}
{{Inkpot Award 1970s}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Giger, H. R.}}
[[Category:H. R. Giger| ]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths from falls]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Album-cover and concert-poster artists]]
[[Category:Artist authors]]
[[Category:Best Visual Effects Academy Award winners]]
[[Category:Swiss fantasy artists]]
[[Category:Swiss science fiction artists]]
[[Category:Swiss horror artists]]
[[Category:Inkpot Award winners]]
[[Category:People from Chur]]
[[Category:Psychedelic drug advocates]]
[[Category:Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Swiss contemporary artists]]
[[Category:Swiss erotic artists]]
[[Category:Swiss graphic designers]]
[[Category:20th-century Swiss illustrators]]
[[Category:Swiss painters]]
[[Category:Swiss scenic designers]]
[[Category:Swiss surrealist artists]]
[[Category:Zurich University of the Arts alumni]]