Editing H. L. Hunt

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Short description|American businessman (1889–1974)}}
{{Infobox person
| birth_name         = Haroldson Lafayette Hunt Jr.
| name               = 
| image              = H. L. Hunt (American oil magnate, 1965).jpg
| image_size         = 
| caption            = From print ad for Hunt's 1965 book ''Hunt for Truth: A Timely Collection of the Stimulating Daily Newspaper Columns of H. L. Hunt''.
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1889|2|17}}
| birth_place        = [[Ramsey, Illinois]], U.S.
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|1974|11|29|1889|2|17}}
| death_place        = [[Dallas, Texas]], U.S.
| occupation         = [[Petroleum industry]]
| nationality        = 
| spouse             = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Lyda Bunker|1914|1955|end=died}}
* {{marriage|Frania Tye|1925|1941|end=annulled}} ([[bigamy]])
* {{marriage|Ruth Ray|1957}}
}}
| children           = 15, including [[Margaret Hunt Hill|Margaret]], [[Caroline Rose Hunt|Caroline Rose]], [[Nelson Bunker Hunt|Nelson Bunker]], [[William Herbert Hunt|William Herbert]], [[Lamar Hunt|Lamar]], [[Ray Lee Hunt|Ray Lee]], [[June Hunt|June]], [[Helen LaKelly Hunt|Helen]], and [[Swanee Hunt]]
| relatives          = {{unbulleted list|[[Lamar Hunt Jr.]] (grandson)|[[Clark Hunt]] (grandson)|[[Haela Hunt-Hendrix]] (granddaughter)}}
| other_names        = 
}}

'''Haroldson Lafayette Hunt Jr.''' (February 17, 1889 – November 29, 1974) was an American [[Petroleum|oil]] tycoon.<ref name=sptms>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rUBSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=U3kDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6467%2C3882287 |work=St. Petersburg Times |location=(Florida) |agency=Associated Press |last=Ford |first=Robert E. |title=H.L. Hunt, among world's riches, dies |date=November 30, 1974 |page=1A}}</ref> By trading poker winnings for oil rights according to legend, but more likely through money he gained from successful speculation in oil leases, he ultimately secured title to much of the [[East Texas Oil Field]], one of the world's largest oil deposits. He acquired rights to [[East Texas]] oil lands initially through a $30,000 land purchase from oil speculator [[Dad Joiner]], and founded Hunt Oil in 1936.<ref name="EB"/> From that acquisition and others including diverse interests in publishing, cosmetics, pecan farming, and health food producers, he accrued a fortune which was among the world's largest. In the 1950s, his Facts Forum Foundation supported highly conservative newspaper columns and radio programs, some of which he authored and produced himself, and for which he became known.<ref name="EB">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/H-L-Hunt ''Encyclopedia Britannica online'', "H. L. Hunt", Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Feb. 2022], Retrieved July 24, 2022.</ref> At the time of his death he was reputed to have one of the highest net worths of any individual in the world, a fortune estimated between $2–3 billion.<ref name="EB"/>

==Life==
Hunt was born near [[Ramsey, Illinois|Ramsey]] in [[Carson Township, Fayette County, Illinois|Carson Township, Illinois]], the youngest of eight children.<ref name=sptms/> He was named after his father, Haroldson Lafayette Hunt, who was a prosperous farmer-entrepreneur. His mother was Ella Rose (Myers) Hunt. His grandfather, Waddy Hunt, was a Confederate cavalry officer for the [[27th Arkansas Infantry Regiment]] during the [[American Civil War]] and was murdered by [[Quantrill's Raiders]] in 1864, after being mistaken for a Union sympathizer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1970-03-05 |title=Waddy Thorpe Hunt request for family information by HL Hunt |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tennessean-waddy-thorpe-hunt-request/54655604/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |work=The Tennessean |pages=66}}</ref>

H. L. Hunt Jr. was [[homeschooling|homeschooled]]. He did not go to elementary school or to high school. Later, he said that education is an obstacle to making money.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/Y-QmBubdaik Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20211026211248/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-QmBubdaik Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-QmBubdaik|title=Владыки без масок. Игрок на Олимпе|date=February 15, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2021|publisher=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> As a teenager, Hunt traveled to different places before he settled in [[Arkansas]], where he was running a [[cotton plantation]] by 1912. He had a reputation as a math prodigy and was a gambler. Hunt is reported in internal FBI memoranda to have run [[prostitution]] activities in Arkansas and, later in the 1950s, a private horse racing and gambling [[bookmaking]] operation from his office in Dallas.<ref>{{cite web |title=FOIA: Hunt, H.L.-HQ-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/foia_Hunt_H.L.-HQ-2/page/n15/mode/2up?view=theater |website=Archive.org |access-date=10 December 2023}}</ref>

It was said that after his cotton plantation was flooded, he turned his last $100 into more than $100,000 after he had gambled in [[New Orleans]]. With his winnings, he purchased oil properties in [[El Dorado, Arkansas|El Dorado]] southeast of [[Texarkana, Arkansas]]. He was generous to his employees, who in turn were loyal to him by informing him of rumors of a massive oil field to the south, in East Texas. In negotiations over cheese and crackers, at the [[Adolphus Hotel]] in [[Dallas]], with the wild-catter who discovered the [[East Texas Oil Field]], [[Columbus Marion Joiner|Columbus Marion "Dad" Joiner]], Hunt secured title to what was the largest known oil deposit in the world. Hunt had agreed to pay Joiner $1,000,000 and to protect him from liability for his many fraudulent transactions surrounding the property. 

In 1957, ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' estimated that Hunt had a fortune of $400–700 million,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.measuringworth.com/uscompare/|title=Seven Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount - 1790 to Present|website=Measuringworth.com|access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref> and was one of the eight [[Wealthiest Americans (1957)|richest people]] in the United States. [[J. Paul Getty]], who was considered to be the richest private citizen in the world, said of Hunt, "In terms of extraordinary, independent wealth, there is only one man—H. L. Hunt."<ref>{{cite news|last=Lohr|first=Steve|title=Books of the Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/20/books/books-of-the-times-books-of-the-times.html|access-date=June 13, 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 20, 1981}}</ref>

==Personal life==
{{external media
| float = right
| video1 = [http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-512-j96057dt9d "H. L. Hunt: The Richest and the Rightest."] ''NET Journal'', Ep. 149. (August 21, 1967). Houston, Texas: [[KUHT-TV]]. [[American Archive of Public Broadcasting]].
}}
H. L. Hunt had fifteen children by three wives.

He and Lyda Bunker of [[Lake Village, Arkansas|Lake Village]], southeast of [[Pine Bluff, Arkansas]] were married in November 1914 and remained married until her death in 1955.<ref>Brown, pp. 40 & 191.</ref> His seven children by her were: [[Margaret Hunt Hill|Margaret]] (1915–2007), Haroldson ("Hassie", 1917–2005), [[Caroline Rose Hunt|Caroline]] (1923–2018), Lyda (born and died in 1925), [[Nelson Bunker Hunt|Nelson Bunker]] (1926–2014), [[William Herbert Hunt|William Herbert]] (1929–2024), and [[Lamar Hunt|Lamar]] (1932–2006). Their home on [[White Rock Lake]] in Dallas was styled after [[Mount Vernon]] though much larger.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/dallas-tx/william-hunt-11766202|access-date=April 12, 2024 |title=William Hunt Obituary - Dallas, TX }}</ref>

His first son, Hassie, who was expected to succeed him in control of the family business, was [[lobotomy|lobotomized]] in response to increasingly erratic behavior. He outlived his father. Lamar founded the [[American Football League]] and created the [[Super Bowl]], drawing on the assistance of his children in selecting the game's name. Two other children, Herbert and Bunker, are famous for their purchasing much of the world's silver, in an attempt to corner the market. They ultimately owned more silver than any government in the world before their scheme was discovered and undone. Bunker Hunt was briefly one of the wealthiest men in the world, having discovered and taken title to the Libyan oil fields, before [[Muammar Gaddafi]] nationalized the properties.

While still married to Lyda, H. L. Hunt is said to have married Frania Tye of [[Tampa, Florida]], 
in November 1925 by using the name Franklin Hunt. Frania claimed to have discovered the bigamous nature of her marriage in 1934, and in a legal settlement in 1941, Hunt created trust funds for each of their four children, and she signed a document stipulating that no legal marriage between them had ever existed. About the same time, she briefly married then divorced Hunt's employee, John Lee, taking the last name Lee for herself and her four children.<ref>Brown, pp. 78–79 & 156–157.</ref> Her four children by Hunt were: Howard (born 1926), Haroldina (1928), Helen (1930), and Hugh ("Hue", 1934). Frania Tye Lee died in 2002.<ref>Burrough, p. 437.</ref>

Hunt supported and had children by Ruth Ray of [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]] to the northwest of [[Alexandria, Louisiana]], whom he had met when she was a secretary in his Shreveport office. They married in 1957 after the death of Hunt's wife Lyda. His four children by her were [[Ray Lee Hunt|Ray Lee]] (born 1943), [[June Hunt|June]] (1944), [[Helen LaKelly Hunt|Helen]] (1949), and [[Swanee Hunt|Swanee]] (1950).<ref>Brown, pp. 192–193.</ref> His youngest son, Ray Lee, inherited the business and was a major supporter of President [[George W. Bush]].

H. L.'s 15 children in birth order are:
# [[Margaret Hunt Hill]] (October 19, 1915 – June 14, 2007), Philanthropist and co-owner of [[Hunt Petroleum]] 
# H. L. "Hassie" Hunt III (November 23, 1917 – April 20, 2005), Diagnosed with [[schizophrenia]] in the early 1940s; co-owner of Hunt Petroleum
# [[Caroline Rose Hunt]] (January 8, 1923 – November 13, 2018), Founder and honorary chairman of [[Rosewood Hotels & Resorts]] which operates The Mansion on Turtle Creek
# Lyda Bunker Hunt (February 19, 1925 – March 20, 1925) (Died as an infant)
# [[Nelson Bunker Hunt]] (February 22, 1926 – October 21, 2014), A major force in developing Libyan oil field; eventually attempted to [[cornering the market|corner the world market]] in silver in 1979 and was convicted of conspiring to manipulate the market; Legendary owner-breeder <ref>[http://files.ntra.com/stats_bios.aspx?id=2142 Nelson Bunker Hunt biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193344/http://files.ntra.com/stats_bios.aspx?id=2142 |date=September 23, 2015 }}, [[National Thoroughbred Racing Association]].</ref> of [[Thoroughbred]] racehorses
# Howard Lee Hunt (October 25, 1926 – October 13, 1975)
# Haroldina Franch Hunt (October 26, 1928 – November 10, 1995)
# [[William Herbert Hunt]] (March 6, 1929 – April 9, 2024), Ran Hunt Oil, Hunt Petroleum, Hunt Energy, Placid Oil, etc.; The founder of Petro-Hunt LLC
# Helen Lee Cartledge Hunt (October 28, 1930 – June 3, 1962), Died in the [[Air France Flight 007]] disaster, the worst single aircraft disaster up until that time
# [[Lamar Hunt]] (August 2, 1932 – December 13, 2006), co-founder of the [[American Football League]] and the [[North American Soccer League (1968–1984)|North American Soccer League]]; owner of the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] of the [[National Football League]]; owner of the [[Columbus Crew]] and [[FC Dallas]] of [[Major League Soccer]]; backer of [[World Championship Tennis]]; impetus behind 1966 AFL-NFL merger, coined the name "[[Super Bowl]]"
# Hugh S. Hunt (October 14, 1934 – November 12, 2002), Lived in [[Potomac, Maryland]], founder of Constructivist Foundation
# [[Ray Lee Hunt]] (born ''c.'' 1943), Chairman of [[Hunt Oil]]
# [[June Hunt]] (born ''c.'' 1944), Host of a daily religious radio show, ''Hope for the Heart''
# [[Helen LaKelly Hunt]] (born ''c.'' 1949), A pastoral counselor in Dallas; co-manager of the Hunt Alternatives Fund, one of the family's charitable arms
# [[Swanee Hunt]] (born May 1, 1950), Former U.S. [[Ambassador (diplomacy)|ambassador]] to Austria; now head of the Women and Public Policy Program at the [[John F. Kennedy School of Government]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] and president of the Hunt Alternatives Fund

A scandal emerged in 1975, after his death, when it was discovered that he had a hidden [[bigamy|bigamous]] relationship with his second wife living in New York.<ref name="HOT: Hunt">Palmer, Jerrell Dean. [https://archive.today/20210812075607/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/hunt-haroldson-lafayette "Hunt, Haroldson Lafayette."] In: ''[[Handbook of Texas|Handbook of Texas Online]]''. [[Texas State Historical Association]]. Archived from [https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/hunt-haroldson-lafayette the original.]</ref>
  
After his marriage to Ruth Ray, Hunt became a [[Baptists|Baptist]] and was a member of the [[First Baptist Church (Dallas)|First Baptist Church of Dallas]].<ref>Porterfield, Bill. [https://archive.today/20210812080617/https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/h-l-hunts-long-goodbye/amp/ "H.L. Hunt's Long Goodbye."] ''[[Texas Monthly]]'' (February 28, 1975). Archived from [https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/h-l-hunts-long-goodbye/amp/ the original.]</ref> He was a major financial contributor toward the establishment of the conservative [[Christians|Christian]] evangelical [[Criswell College]] in Dallas.

After several months at [[Baylor University Medical Center|Baylor Hospital]] in Dallas, Hunt died at age 85,<ref name=huobtlm>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S5dfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RDEMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2318%2C8063543 |work=Lewiston Morning Tribune |location=(Idaho) |agency=Associated Press |title=Billionaire H.L. Hunt
|date=November 30, 1974 |page=1A}}</ref><ref name=bhsum>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-glaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cUsNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1858%2C5256985 |work=Victoria Advocate |location=(Texas) |agency=(Washington Post) |last=Weil |first=Martin |title=Billionaire Hunt succumbs |date=November 30, 1974 |page=1A}}</ref> and was buried in [[Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery]] in Dallas.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://prestonhollow.advocatemag.com/2016/09/20/ghosts-sparkman-hillcrest-mickey-mantle-mary-kay-ash-h-l-hunt/ | title=Ghosts of Sparkman-Hillcrest: Mickey Mantle, Mary Kay Ash and H.L. Hunt | work=The Advocate | date=20 September 2016 | accessdate=18 June 2023 | author=Charrier, Emily}}</ref> [[Haela Hunt-Hendrix]], who formed the transcendental [[black metal]] band [[Liturgy (band)|Liturgy]], is his grandchild.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/media/MediaManager/hunt_tree_lr.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=May 13, 2020 |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617004019/https://www.dmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/media/MediaManager/hunt_tree_lr.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> H. L. Hunt served as inspiration behind the character [[J. R. Ewing]] from the television show ''[[Dallas (TV series)|Dallas]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/hunt/?sh=554392d3275f |title=Forbes Profile: The Hunt family |website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=June 13, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Connection to white supremacy==
Hunt supported the [[Dixiecrat|Dixiecrats]], viewing the rest of the Democratic Party as an "instrument of socialism and Communism in this country."<ref>{{Cite web |last=TIME |date=1954-01-11 |title=The Press: Facts-Forum Facts |url=https://time.com/archive/6621685/the-press-facts-forum-facts/ |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=TIME |language=en}}</ref>

Multiple sources, including American civil rights icon [[Malcolm X]], implicate Hunt as a lifelong racist who provided major financial assistance to several [[Far-right politics in the United States|far-right]] organizations, such as the [[Minutemen (anti-Communist organization)|Minutemen]] and the [[John Birch Society]]. Hunt considered African Americans a political threat and made this clear in his radio interviews and broadcasts.<ref>[[Washington Post]], May 6, 1967, p. E-15, July 2, 1967, January 30, 1975, p. B7.</ref> One of Hunt's chief allies, [[Allen Zoll]], said that since 1936 Hunt advocated deporting all African Americans to Africa. For this reason, Hunt supplied [[Nation of Islam]] leader [[Elijah Muhammad]] continuous financial support due to the latter's belief in [[Black separatism|racial separation from whites]].<ref>[[Hakim Jamal]], From the Dead Level, p. 247-248; [[Louis Lomax]], To Kill a Black Man, p. 108-109; Karl Evanzz, The Judas Factor, p. 284-286, The Messenger, p. 303.</ref>

In 1965, Hunt encouraged Alabama Gov. [[George Wallace|George C. Wallace]], a white supremacist, to use the scheme of running his wife, [[Lurleen Wallace]], for election as governor in a bold effort to evade the state's constitutional rule that a governor could not succeed himself.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Carter|first=Dan T.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32739924|title=The politics of rage : George Wallace, the origins of the new conservatism, and the transformation of American politics|date=1995|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=0-684-80916-8|location=New York|pages=273|oclc=32739924}}</ref>

==JFK conspiracy allegations==
[[Madeleine Duncan Brown]], an advertising executive who claimed to have had both an extended love affair and a son with President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], said that she was present at a party at the Dallas home of [[Clint Murchison Sr.]] (another oil tycoon), on the evening prior to the [[assassination of John F. Kennedy]] which was attended by Johnson as well as other famous, wealthy, and powerful individuals including Hunt, Murchison, [[J. Edgar Hoover]], and [[Richard Nixon]].<ref name=Aynesworth>{{cite news|last=Aynesworth|first=Hugh|author-link=Hugh Aynesworth|title='One-man truth squad' still debunking JFK conspiracy theories|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/local-news/20121117-one-man-truth-squad-still-debunking-jfk-conspiracy-theories.ece|access-date=February 6, 2013|newspaper=The Dallas Morning News|date=November 17, 2012|location=Dallas}}</ref>

According to Brown, Johnson had a meeting with several of the men after which he told her: "After tomorrow, those goddamn Kennedys will never embarrass me again. That's no threat. That's a promise."<ref name=Aynesworth/>{{refn|group=nb|Brown provided a similar account on ''A Current Affair'' stating: "On the day of the assassination, not but a couple of hours prior to the assassination, he said that John Kennedy would never embarrass him again and that wasn't a threat – that was a promise."<ref name="Boston Herald">{{cite news|title=Celebrity|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/68772275.html?dids=68772275:68772275&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+24%2C+1992&author=&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=celebrity&pqatl=google|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411160906/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/68772275.html?dids=68772275:68772275&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+24,+1992&author=&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=celebrity&pqatl=google|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 11, 2013|access-date=February 6, 2013|newspaper=Boston Herald|date=February 24, 1992|location=Boston|page=015}}</ref>}} Brown's story received national attention and became part of at least a dozen [[John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories]].<ref name=Aynesworth/> Kennedy assassination investigator [[Dave Perry (law enforcement)|Dave Perry]] refuted this theory with evidence showing neither President Johnson nor Hoover were in Dallas at the time of the alleged party and Murchison had not lived in his Dallas home for a number of years. Witnesses place Murchison at his East Texas ranch.<ref>name=Aynesworth</ref>

==Publications==
'''Books'''
* ''Fabians Fight Freedom''. Dallas: H. L. Hunt Press
* ''Alpaca''. Dallas: H. L. Hunt Press (1960)
* ''Alpaca Revisited''. Dallas: HLH Products (1967)
* ''H. L. Hunt: Early Days''. Dallas: Parade (1973)
* ''Hunt Heritage: The Republic and Our Families''. Dallas: Parade (1973)
* ''Right of Average''. Dallas: HLH Products (1960s)

'''Articles'''
* [https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP75-00149R000400130002-5 "From H. L. Hunt."] ''American'' [Odessa, Texas] (February 2, 1967)
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.28146704 "Reducing Hospital Costs."] ''Life Lines'', vol. 16, no. 4 (January 9, 1974), p.&nbsp;4. {{JSTOR|community.28146704}}.

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Illinois|Texas|Politics}}
* [[Walter L. Buenger]], historian at [[Texas A&M University]], in 1994 wrote the Hunt biography in ''[[Dictionary of American Biography]]''.
* [[Hunt Oil Company]]
* [[List of richest Americans in history]]
* [[Hunt family (Texas)|Hunt family]]

== Explanatory notes ==
{{reflist|group=nb}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== General sources ==
* Brown, Stanley H. (1976) [[iarchive:hlhuntbrow00brow|''H. L. Hunt'']]. Chicago: [[Playboy Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0872234499}}. {{OCLC|2164939}}.
* Burrough, Bryan. (2010) [[iarchive:isbn 9780143116820|''The Big Rich: The Rise and Fall of the Greatest Texas Oil Fortunes'']]. New York: [[Penguin Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0143116820}}. {{OCLC|430052039}}.

==Further reading==
* Buckley, Tom. [http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/H%20Disk/Hunt%20H%20L/Item%2015.pdf "Just Plain H. L. Hunt."] ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' (January 1967), pp.&nbsp;64+. [https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2006.18 Portrait photograph] by [[Diane Arbus]].
:: "The richest American would like to be no different from you and me. He wears shiny blue suits, cuts his own hair and carries his lunch in a brown paper bag."
* Curington, John, and Michael Whitington. [https://www.duq.edu/assets/Documents/forensics/Annual%20Symposium/2018/HL%20Hunt%20-%20Motive%20and%20Opportunity.pdf ''H. L. Hunt: Motive & Opportunity'']. Foreword by [[Cyril Wecht|Cyril Wecht, M.D., J.D.]] 23 House (2018). {{ISBN|978-1939306241}}.
* [[Adam Curtis|Curtis, Adam]]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/adamcurtis/posts/YOU-THINK-YOU-ARE-A-CONSUMER-BUT-MAYBE-YOU-HAVE-BEEN-CONSUMED "YOU THINK YOU ARE A CONSUMER BUT MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN CONSUMED"]. [[BBC]] (March 5, 2013).
* Hendershot, Heather. ''What's Fair on the Air? Cold War Right-Wing Broadcasting and the Public Interest''. [[University of Chicago Press]] (2011).
:: Honorable Mention for the Prose Book Award, [[Association of American Publishers]]. Covers the rise and fall of prominent right wing radio hosts: H. L. Hunt, [[Dan Smoot]], [[Carl McIntire]], and [[Billy James Hargis]].
* [[Harry Hurt|Hurt, Harry (III)]]. [[iarchive:texasrichhuntdyn00hurt|''Texas Rich: The Hunt Dynasty, From the Early Oil Days Through the Silver Crash'']]. New York: [[W.W. Norton]] (1981). {{ISBN|978-0393013917}}. {{OCLC|6916014}}.
* Glaser, Vera. [https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP75-00149R000400130012-4 "Millionaire H. L. Hunt Talks Politics."] ''News'' [Chicago, Ill.] (August 27, 1964).
* [https://archive.today/20210812072643/https://pipeandpjspictorials.wordpress.com/2021/07/23/playboy-interview-h-l-hunt-august-1966/ "Interview with H. L. Hunt"]. ''[[Playboy magazine|Playboy]]'' (August 1966), pp.&nbsp;47+.
:: This article can be collected in the video game ''Mafia 3'' on the [[PlayStation 4]] and read in its entirety.
* Tuccille, Jerome. ''Kingdom: The Story of the Hunt Family of Texas''. Beard Books (2004).
* Vertical Files. [[Dolph Briscoe Center for American History]], [[University of Texas at Austin]].

==External links==
* [http://www.huntoil.com Hunt Oil]
* {{Find a Grave|526}}
* [http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/H%20Disk/Hunt%20H%20L/ Files on Hunt] at the [[Harold Weisberg|Harold Weisberg Archive]]
** [[iarchive:nsia-HuntHL|Mirrored]] at [[Internet Archive]]
* [http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/latestnews/stories/021008dnmethillmain.3a7d3fd.html H.L. Hunt's Boys and the Circle K Cowboys]
* [http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/latestnews/stories/021008dnmethillmain.3a7d3fd.html Hunt Heirs fight over Estate]
* [http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fhu59 Biography of H. L. Hunt] by Jerrell Dean Palmer in the [[Handbook of Texas|''Handbook of Texas Online'']]
* [http://www.dmagazine.com/ME2/Audiences/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=MultiPublishing&mod=PublishingTitles&mid=7155F7796F354F21B1183937D847D6DF&tier=4&id=5FB39A5D65AB45DFAFCEE07FCE84C202&AudID=29CB3DCAC7E94A08B642EC371FE6E70B A Matter of Trust]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} by Gretel C. Kovach . ''D Magazine'' (c. February 2008).
* Hunt's FBI files at [[Internet Archive]]
** [[iarchive:foia Hunt H.L.-HQ-1|Part 1.]]
** [[iarchive:foia Hunt H.L.-HQ-2|Part 2.]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hunt, H. L.}}
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:American billionaires]]
[[Category:American businesspeople in the oil industry]]
[[Category:American white nationalists]]
[[Category:Bigamists]]
[[Category:Burials at Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Arkansas]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Illinois]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Texas]]
[[Category:Dixiecrats]]
[[Category:Hunt family]]
[[Category:People from Ramsey, Illinois]]
[[Category:Southern Baptists]]
[[Category:Texas Oil Boom people]]
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