Editing Groveland, Florida

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
|official_name            = Groveland, Florida
|other_name               = 
|native_name              = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname                 = 
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|motto                    = <!-- images and maps  ----------->
|image_skyline            = Edgehousegroveland4.jpg
|imagesize                = 250x200px
|image_caption            = Historic Edge House
|image_flag               = 
|flag_size                = 
|image_seal               = 
|seal_size                = 
|image_shield             = 
|shield_size              = 
|image_blank_emblem       = 
|blank_emblem_type        = 
|blank_emblem_size        = 
|image_map                = Lake_County_Florida_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Groveland_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250x200px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Lake County, Florida|Lake County]] and the state of [[Florida]]
|image_map1               = 
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|pushpin_map_caption      = 
|pushpin_mapsize          = <!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States of America}}}}
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = {{flag|Florida}}
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Florida|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = {{flagicon image|Flag of Lake County, Florida.png}} [[Lake County, Florida|Lake]]
|subdivision_type3        = 
|subdivision_name3        = 
|subdivision_type4        = 
|subdivision_name4        = <!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1             = 
|leader_title2            = 
|leader_name2             = 
|established_title        = <!-- Settled -->
|established_date         = 
|established_title2       = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2        = 
|established_title3       = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3        = <!-- Area    --------------------->
|area_magnitude           = 
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_12.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 31, 2021}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 71.12
|area_land_km2            = 53.98
|area_water_km2           = 17.13
|area_total_sq_mi         = 27.46
|area_land_sq_mi          = 20.84
|area_water_sq_mi         = 6.62
|area_water_percent       = 
|area_urban_km2           = 
|area_urban_sq_mi         = 
|area_metro_km2           = 
|area_metro_sq_mi         = 
|area_blank1_title        = 
|area_blank1_km2          = 
|area_blank1_sq_mi        = <!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_total         = 18505
|pop_est_as_of = 2021
|population_est = 20398
|population_density_sq_mi = 887.83
|population_metro         = 
|population_density_metro_km2     = 
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi  = <!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = EDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|coordinates              = {{coord|28|36|35|N|81|49|28|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 121
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 34736
|area_code                = [[Area code 352|352]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 12-27800<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2403764<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2403764}}</ref>
|website                  = http://groveland-fl.gov/
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_footnotes        = <ref name="USCensusEst2021CenPop">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html|date=July 1, 2021|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 26, 2022}}</ref>
|population_density_km2   = 342.79
|population_footnotes = 
}}

'''Groveland''' is a city in [[Lake County, Florida|Lake County]], [[Florida]], United States.  The population was 18,505 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="Census Quick Facts">{{Cite web |title=Census.gov Quick Facts Groveland city, Florida |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/grovelandcityflorida/PST045221 |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=Census.gov}}</ref> It is located at the intersection of [[State Road 19 (Florida)|State Road 19]] and [[Florida State Road 33|State Road 33]]/[[Florida State Road 50|50]].

Groveland is part of the [[Greater Orlando|Orlando&ndash;Kissimmee&ndash;Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area]]. Groveland is recognized as the first international Dark Sky Community in Florida, and in the Southeastern United States, by [[International Dark-Sky Association|DarkSky International]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Amber |date=June 20, 2023 |title=City of Groveland named first international Dark Sky community in Florida |url=https://darksky.org/news/city-of-groveland-named-first-international-dark-sky-community-in-florida/ |access-date=November 30, 2023 |website=DarkSky}}</ref>

==Geography==

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|3.0|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|2.6|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.4|sqmi|km2}} (12.91%) is water.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1930= 470
|1940= 411
|1950= 1028
|1960= 1747
|1970= 1928
|1980= 1992
|1990= 2300
|2000= 2360
|2010= 8729
|2020= 18505
|estyear= 2022
|estimate= 22374
|estref=<ref name="Census Quick Facts" />
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2010 and 2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Groveland racial composition'''<br> (Hispanics excluded from racial categories)<br> (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')<br>
!Race
!Pop 2010<ref>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Groveland city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Groveland+city;+Florida+&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Groveland city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Groveland+city;+Florida+&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2010
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|4,445
|8,615
|50.92%
|46.55%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|1,385
|2,901
|15.87%
|15.68%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|69
|57
|0.79%
|0.31%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|211
|486
|2.42%
|2.63%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] or [[Native Hawaiian]] (NH)
|8
|6
|0.09%
|0.03%
|-
|[[Other races (U.S. Census)|Some other race]] (NH)
|103
|262
|1.18%
|1.42%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races/Multiracial]] (NH)
|245
|842
|2.81%
|4.55%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|2,263
|5,336
|25.93%
|28.84%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''8,729'''
|'''18,505'''
|
|
|-
|}

As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 18,505 people, 5,541 households, and 3,757 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2020: Groveland city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Groveland+city;+Florida+&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1101|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

As of the [[2010 United States census]], there were 8,729 people, 2,465 households, and 2,014 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2010: Groveland city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Groveland+city;+Florida+&tid=ACSST5Y2010.S1101|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 7,901 people, 845 households, and 626 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|897.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 921 housing units at an average density of {{convert|350.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 68.81% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 22.42% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.76% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.55% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 6.27% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.19% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 14.70% of the population.

In 2000, there were 845 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.23.

In 2000, in the city, the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $32,017, and the median income for a family was $37,857. Males had a median income of $27,292 versus $20,186 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,132. About 13.9% of families and 18.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 23.9% of those under age 18 and 22.6% of those age 65 or over.

==History==
===Groveland case===
{{main|Groveland Four}}

In 1949 four young African-American men (Samuel Shepherd, Walter Irvin, Charles Greenlee, and Ernest Thomas) were charged with raping a 17-year-old white farm girl in Groveland, Florida. They were convicted by an all-white jury.  The case was appealed to the Florida Supreme Court which found that:<blockquote>''Two witnesses for the State testified as to the identity of the four [men]. From the description of the automobile as given by the two witnesses the same was later located. The three defendants testified they were driving the car in question during the same hours of the early morning except they were driving in the Orlando area, which was in the opposite direction.''<ref name=":0">Shepherd v. State, 46 So. 2d 880 (Fla. 1950).</ref> </blockquote>In addition to the eyewitness testimony, there was physical evidence linking the car in which the young men were riding to the crime. The Florida Supreme Court stated:<blockquote>''Near the scene of the crime a handkerchief and some cotton were found. The woman was found near the scene of the crime about dawn. A large track about the scene fit the shoe of one of the appellants. Cotton or lint about the car and broken glass in the automobile testified to by the woman assisted the officers in identifying the car which the appellants admit they were riding in at the exact hour the State charge the crime was committed.''<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote>The victim testified that she had known Shepherd for years and that Irvin was someone she had seen in and around the Groveland community before the night of the assault. She reported the rape to the police within five hours after it occurred. One of the three men she accused (Thomas) was shot and killed by the police during his arrest.

After the Florida Supreme Court decided to uphold the guilty verdicts, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear the case.

Attorney [[Thurgood Marshall]], then the special counsel with the [[NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund|NAACP's Legal Defense Fund]], represented the four men, on the briefs, taking their case to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]]. Oral argument was conducted by attorney [[Franklin H. Williams]]. The Supreme Court overturned the guilty verdicts. The Court found that sensational headlines in the local papers ("Night Riders Burn Lake Negro Homes" and "Flames From Negro Homes Light Night Sky in Lake County"), and newspaper reports of the sheriff's statement that the young men had confessed while in custody, resulted in an unfair trial. "These defendants were prejudged as guilty and the trial was but a legal gesture to register a verdict already dictated by the press and the public opinion which it generated." A new trial was ordered.<ref>Shepherd v. Florida, 341 U.S. 50, 71 S. Ct. 549 (1951), Per Curiam.</ref>

In 1949, [[Harry T. Moore]], the executive director of the [[Florida]] [[NAACP]], organized a campaign against the conviction of the Groveland Four. Soon afterward, Sheriff [[Willis V. McCall]] of [[Lake County, Florida]], shot Shepherd and Irvin.  He asserted that they were trying to escape. Shepherd was killed, and Irvin was seriously wounded. When Irvin recovered, he told investigators that the sheriff had shot the two prisoners, without provocation, while they were in handcuffs.

Moore demanded that the sheriff be indicted for [[murder]] and requested that the Governor suspend McCall from office. On December 25, 1951, a [[bomb]] exploded in Moore's house, killing him and his wife, [[Harriette Moore|Harriette]].

Some alleged that Sheriff McCall was associated with ordering this bombing; however, an extensive [[FBI]] [[Criminal procedure|investigation]] at the time and additional separate investigations have failed to produce any [[evidence]] supporting allegations of McCall's involvement.

Although members of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] were suspected of the [[crime]], the people responsible were never brought to [[trial]].<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/harrymoore/terror/groveland.html PBS - Freedom Never Dies: The Story of Harry T. Moore - Florida Terror - Groveland - Introduction], 2000.  Retrieved May 20, 2007</ref>

In 2016, the City of Groveland and Lake County each apologized to survivors of the four men for the injustice against them. On April 18, 2017, a resolution of the [[Florida House of Representatives]] requested that all four men be exonerated.<ref>{{cite web |title=Florida Pardons the Groveland Four, 70 Years After Jim Crow-Era Rape Case |date=11 Jan 2019 |author=Jacey Fortin |website=The New York Times |accessdate=23 Nov 2021 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/11/us/groveland-four-pardon-desantis.html}}</ref> The [[Florida Senate]] quickly passed a similar resolution; lawmakers called on Governor [[Rick Scott]] to officially pardon the men. On January 11, 2019, the Florida Board of Executive Clemency voted to pardon the Groveland Four.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article224282780.html| title=After nearly 70 years, Florida Clemency Board pardons Groveland Four| website=miamiherald| language=en| access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref> Newly elected Governor [[Ron DeSantis]] subsequently did so. On November 22, 2021, Judge Heidi Davis granted the state's motion to posthumously exonerate the men.<ref>{{cite web |title=Groveland Four: US judge clears men wrongly accused of rape after 72 years |website=BBC |date=22 Nov 2021 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-59379946}}</ref>

===Grant money for cemeteries===
In 2022, the city received a large grant to restore The Oak Tree Union Colored Cemetery of Taylorville, an abandoned cemetery in Groveland.<ref name="Galo 2022">{{cite web | last=Galo | first=Amy | title=Florida city with infamous racial stain earns surprise state grant to repair its abandoned Black cemetery - WUFT News | website=WUFT News | date=April 14, 2022 | url=https://www.wuft.org/news/2022/04/14/florida-city-with-infamous-racial-stain-earns-surprise-state-grant-to-repair-its-abandoned-black-cemetery/ | access-date=April 15, 2022}}</ref>

== Arts and Culture ==

=== International Dark Sky Community ===
In 2022, the City of Groveland passed a robust outdoor lighting ordinance to help curb light pollution against the ongoing rapid development.<ref name="groveland-fl_592">{{Cite web |title=Dark Sky Community {{!}} Groveland, FL - Official Website |url=https://www.groveland-fl.gov/592/Dark-Sky-Community |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=www.groveland-fl.gov}}</ref> The ordinance requires residential and commercial development to have responsible outdoor lighting that minimizes glare, reduces light trespass, and does not pollute the night sky.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Municode Library |url=https://library.municode.com/fl/groveland/codes/community_development_code?nodeId=ART7DASKLI |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=library.municode.com}}</ref> Groveland is currently retrofitting old streetlamps with dark-sky-friendly lights, which are shielded downward with a low color temperature with the goal to replace every light fixture by 2027.<ref name="tampabay_2023-07-04">{{Cite web |title=This Florida city gets the state's first 'dark sky' certification |url=https://www.tampabay.com/news/environment/2023/07/04/dark-sky-sites-near-me-florida-groveland/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=Tampa Bay Times |language=en}}</ref>

In 2023, the City of Groveland became the first certified International Dark Sky Community in Florida and the Southeast US. This achievement is the result of a three-year [[Dark-sky movement|Dark Sky Initiative]] that included extensive education, community outreach, events, the adoption of a comprehensive lighting ordinance, a citywide lighting inventory, and numerous commitments intended to reduce light pollution and protect the night sky.<ref name="tampabay_2023-07-04"/> Groveland held its first [[Star party|Star Party]] in 2023 at Cherrylake Farms, attracting over 700 attendees.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Amber |date=June 20, 2023 |title=City of Groveland named first International Dark Sky Community in Florida |url=https://darksky.org/news/city-of-groveland-named-first-international-dark-sky-community-in-florida/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=DarkSky}}</ref>

The City of Groveland continues to work with new residents, potential developers and neighboring communities to raise awareness about the importance of natural night skies, to improve safety and quality of life, and to protect the natural environment for all living things.<ref name="groveland-fl_592"/>

==Transportation==
[[Osborn Airfield]] is located three miles southwest of the city. The airport is private, but is open for [[general aviation]].

==Notable people==

* [[Jeff Demps]], former [[Running back]] and Olympic Silver Medalist in [[2012 Summer Olympics|London 2012]]
* [[Jonotthan Harrison]], NFL player
* [[Art Heyman]], collegiate basketball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Art Heyman Obituary |url=http://nh.tributes.com/show/Art-Heyman-94351772 |access-date=August 29, 2012 |publisher=NHObit.com}}</ref>
* [[Jett Noland]], Professional Racing Driver

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|author=Gilbert King|title=Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wLEMM_ifNzwC|access-date=3 July 2012|date=6 March 2012|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-209771-2}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.safechoicesecurity.com/blog/safest-cities-in-florida/|access-date=2014-08-15|date=2014-08-12|title=Groveland #5 Safest City in FL}}

{{Commons category}}

{{Lake County, Florida}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Lake County, Florida]]
[[Category:Cities in the Greater Orlando]]
[[Category:Cities in Florida]]