Editing Groesbeek

{{Distinguish|Groesbeck (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- Name and transliteration -->| name               = Groesbeek
| settlement_type    = Town and former municipality
<!-- Images, nickname, motto -->| image_skyline      = Hervormde kerk, Groesbeek. Provincie Gelderland.jpg
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = Reformed church in Groesbeek
| image_flag         = Flag of Groesbeek.svg
| flag_size          = 100x67px
| flag_alt           = 
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of Groesbeek.svg
| shield_size        = 100x80px
| shield_alt         = <!-- Maps, coordinates -->
| image_map          = Map - NL - Municipality code 0241 (2009).svg
| map_alt            = Highlighted position of Groesbeek in a municipal map of Gelderland
| map_caption        = Location in Gelderland (municipality of Groesbeek before 2015)
| pushpin_map        = Netherlands Gelderland#Netherlands
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_mapsize    = 250
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands##Location in the Netherlands
| coordinates        = {{coord|51|47|N|5|56|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Gelderland]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Berg en Dal (municipality)|Berg en Dal]]
<!-- Geographic information -->| unit_pref          = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes     = <ref name="stat"/>
<!-- square kilometers -->| area_total_km2     = 23.68
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web
 |url=http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool 
 |title=Postcodetool for 6562AH 
 |language=nl 
 |work=Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland 
 |publisher=Het Waterschapshuis 
 |access-date=4 July 2014 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053543/http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool 
 |archive-date=21 September 2013 
}}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 34
| elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_max_m    = 
| elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_min_m    = <!-- Population, demographics -->
| population_footnotes = <ref name="stat">{{cite web |url=https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/_excel/2021/48/kwb-2021.xls |title=Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2021 |website=Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=19 March 2022}}</ref>
| population_total   = 12,910
| population_as_of   = 2021
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Groesbekenaar, Groesbeker
<!-- Other information -->| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]]
| postal_code        = 6560–6562
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]]
| area_code          = 024
| website            = {{URL|1=https://www.bergendal.nl/}}
| footnotes          = 
}}
'''Groesbeek''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈɣruzbeːk|-|086 Groesbeek.ogg}}) is a town and former municipality in the province of [[Gelderland]], the Netherlands. In January 2015 the former municipality merged with [[Millingen aan de Rijn]] and [[Ubbergen]]. The larger area was known as Groesbeek until January 2016, when its name was changed to [[Berg en Dal (municipality)|Berg en Dal]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Naam Berg en Dal toch op kombord Groesbeek|url=http://www.gelderlander.nl/regio/nijmegen-e-o/groesbeek/naam-berg-en-dal-toch-op-kombord-groesbeek-1.5368163|publisher=de Gelderlander|access-date=8 January 2016|date=24 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025134433/http://www.gelderlander.nl/regio/nijmegen-e-o/groesbeek/naam-berg-en-dal-toch-op-kombord-groesbeek-1.5368163|archive-date=25 October 2015}}</ref>

==Description==
Groesbeek is named after a small stream called the Groesbeek (''beek'' being Dutch for "stream" or "brook"), which no longer exists in its original form. Hills and forests surround the town, and because of this, Groesbeek was isolated in the past, with a close community and a strong dialect.

==Geography==
Groesbeek and [[Kranenburg, North Rhine-Westphalia|Kranenburg]] are situated on the banks of the Groesbeek, a small stream in the Groesbeek valley, a large valley between the [[Nijmeegse heuvelrug]] and [[Klever Reichswald|Reichswald]]. The Groesbeek valley was carved out by glaciers during the Saale glacial, marking the southernmost expansion of ice-age glaciers in the Netherlands. The hills surrounding the valley in which Groesbeek lies are technically the terminal moraines of those glaciers, but in contrast to the hills in the central and eastern Netherlands, these hills are rising by 0.5-0.8&nbsp;mm/year due to [[tectonic uplift]].

Due to this, the topography is much more varied here than in other higher grounds with similar origins in the Netherlands.
Finally, during the [[Younger Dryas]] stadial, large amounts of [[loess]] were deposited in the valley, making it extremely fertile, while the hills around it are composed to this day of sandy loam unsuitable for intensive agriculture, so that the area has been covered with thick forests to this day. This contributed to the isolation of the area, especially considering the extent of the forests in the Middle Ages was much larger than today. The isolation of the valley was only alleviated by the arrival of the railway in 1865 and finally lifted in the [[interbellum]] by the construction of a high capacity paved road to nearby [[Nijmegen]].

==World War II==
During [[Operation Market Garden]] the [[82nd Airborne Division]] landed near Groesbeek. In the subsequent fighting the town was nearly completely destroyed and inhabitants were evacuated. The National  Liberation museum is based in Groesbeek on one of the landing sites of operation Market Garden, and the [[Groesbeek Canadian War Cemetery]] also resides there.

==Modern Groesbeek==
[[File:Groesbeek wine harvest festival.jpg|thumb|220px|left|Annual wine harvest festival in Groesbeek]]

Because of much better infrastructure and a generally increased amount of mobility among the Dutch after WW2, modern Groesbeek has transformed from a small village dependent on agriculture and forestry into a sprawling commuter town of nearby Nijmegen. The town itself is surrounded by hills and forests, including a three-kilometre wide band of woodlands, [[Dekkerswald]], separating it from [[Heilig Landstichting]] and Nijmegen proper. In the last decade a [[viniculture]] industry has sprung up in Groesbeek, making the area the northernmost vinicultural centre in Europe, and the only such area in the Netherlands, owing to the highly fertile loess soil, generally warmer summers, and new variations of grapes which do better in the humid climate. 

Despite having under 20,000 inhabitants, Groesbeek has one [[association football|football club]], ([[De Treffers]]), playing in the [[Tweede Divisie]], the country's highest amateur level. Another club, [[Achilles '29]], accepted promotion to the national first division in 2013 (the first club that accepted promotion in many years). There are also four other football teams: Germania, D.V.S.G., Groesbeekse boys and Rood-Wit. 

The town is also well known as the setting of the third day of the [[International Four Days Marches Nijmegen|Nijmeegse Vierdaagse]] when walkers participating in this international event have to pass through the town and the surrounding hills.

Groesbeek is also famous for having one of the biggest parades in the Netherlands on the Sunday of the Catholic carnival. Because of its success, places are now  limited as the parade.

==In the area==
The town has two notable museums: the [[Freedom Museum]] and the [[Bible Open Air Museum]].  The [[Groesbeek Canadian War Cemetery|Groesbeek Canadian War Cemetery and Memorial]] is located about two kilometers north of the town.

== Gallery ==
{{clearright}}
<gallery mode="packed" heights=140px>
Groesbeek, Dorpsstraat en Bellevue Provincie Gelderland.jpg|Dorpsstraat and Bellevue
Groesbeek Dorpsstraat. Centrum. Provincie Gelderland.jpg|Centrum
Groesbeek. Boerderij Zevenheuvelenweg. Provincie Gelderland.jpg|Farm Zevenheuvelenweg
Groesbeek, Dorpsstraat. Provincie Gelderland.jpg|Dorpsstraat
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010722194535/http://www.groesbeek.nl/ Official website]
* [http://www.bevrijdingsmuseum.nl National Liberation Museum 1944-1945]

{{Dutch municipality Berg en Dal}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Geography of Berg en Dal (municipality)]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of Gelderland]]
[[Category:Populated places in Gelderland]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 2016]]