Editing Groenlo

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Groenlo
| settlement_type         = [[City]]
| other_name              = <!-- if different from name -->
| native_name             = <!-- if different from name -->
| native_name_lang        = nl
| image_skyline           = File:Groenlo, kerk1 en 3 foto2 2010-07-18 16.59.JPG
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           = Two churches of Groenlo
| image_flag              = Groenlo vlag.svg
| image_shield            = Groenlo wapen.svg
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             =
| image_map1              = 
| map_caption1            = 
| pushpin_map             = Netherlands Gelderland#Netherlands
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_mapsize         = 250
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1       = Province
| subdivision_name1       = [[Gelderland]]
| subdivision_type2       = Municipality
| subdivision_name2       = [[Oost Gelre]]

| elevation_footnotes     = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |title = Postcodetool for 7141AA |language = nl |work = Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis |access-date = 13 April 2022 }}</ref>
| elevation_m             = 25
| elevation_min_m         =
| elevation_max_m         =
| area_footnotes          = <ref name="stat"/>
| area_total_km2          = 27.84
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| population_footnotes    = <ref name="stat">{{cite web |url=https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/_excel/2021/48/kwb-2021.xls |title=Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2021 |website=Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=13 April 2022}}</ref>
| population_total        = 9,860
| population_as_of        = 2021
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in the Netherlands|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 7141<ref name="stat"/>
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Dialing code]]
| area_code               = 0544
| coordinates             = {{coord|52|2|28|N|6|37|2|E|region:NL|display=inline, title}}
| website                 = [http://www.groenlo.nl www.groenlo.nl]
}}
'''Groenlo''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈɣrunloː|-|Nl-Groenlo.ogg}}) is a [[city]] in the [[Municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] of [[Oost Gelre]], situated in the [[east]]ern part of the [[Netherlands]], on the [[Germany|German]] border, within a region in the [[Provinces of the Netherlands|province]] of [[Gelderland]] called the [[Achterhoek]] (literally: "back corner"). Groenlo was a municipality until 1 January 2005, when it [[Merger (politics)|merged]] with [[Lichtenvoorde]]. Until 19 May 2006 Groenlo was the official name of Oost Gelre. As of 1 January 2006 Groenlo, including its hamlet Zwolle, counted a population of 10,067. Groenlo is known locally and historically as Grolle, Groll or Grol.

Today, Groenlo is known primarily for its beer [[brewery]] [[Grolsch]] (literal meaning: "from Grol"), which was in business since 1615, but has been closed in 2004 when it moved to [[Boekelo]]. [[Grolsch]] produces many specialty [[beer]]s (including beers for each [[season]]) and its beer is exported all over the world. Groenlo's [[military]] history is less well known today.

==History==
[[File:Groenlo old COA.svg|thumb|left|90px|The old shield of Groenlo]]
[[File:Stadsgracht te Groenlo met kanonnen.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Canons placed alongside the canals in Groenlo.]]
Groenlo originates from the beginning of the 7th century. The name Groenlo refers to a green wood that lay in the neighbourhood (''groen'' means "[[green]]", ''lo'' means "[[forest]]"), hence the old shield of Groenlo, a green tree. Groenlo became a [[Guelders]] [[enclave]] of [[Borculo]]. On 2 December 1277, it received [[city rights]] from [[landgrave]] Reinoud I of [[Zutphen]]. There were six councilors, four of which were [[aldermen]] and two [[mayor]]s. The judicial archive of Groenlo is very incomplete.

Since 1406, Groenlo has been part of the [[bishopric of Münster]]. The city was an important trade center along the [[Germany|German]]–[[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[trade route]], which resulted in a rich variety of [[guild]]s. It became a strong [[fortification|stronghold]] during the 16th and 17th century. The stronghold was repeatedly [[siege|besieged]] during the [[Eighty Years' War]]. The city still has a [[defense (military)|defensively]] shaped [[canal|Gracht (canal)]] and (the remains of) [[Bastion|bulwark]]s stemming from this era.

In 1597 the city was [[Siege of Groenlo (1597)|conquered]] by [[Maurice of Nassau]]. In 1606 it was [[Siege of Groenlo (1606)|reconquered]] by [[Spain|Spanish]] troops led by [[Ambrosio Spinola, marqués de los Balbases|Spinola]]. In 1627 Groenlo was [[Siege of Groenlo (1627)|besieged]] and conquered by [[Frederik Hendrik]], one of Groenlo's most important historical events. This happening still has its effects in present-day in the form of street names and the names of establishments in the city. Two restaurants in its historical center are appropriately named [[Frederik Hendrik]] and "Het Belegh van Grol" (The Siege of Grol). The [[battle]]s of the Eighty Years' War are [[Historical reenactment|re-enacted]] regularly, drawing sizable crowds. As part of wider [[tourism|tourist]] attraction plan, some of Groenlo's old [[Bastion|bulwark]]s have been under restoration in 2007, causing some controversy making local and even national television, the reason being a large number of large trees that had to be cut down for the plan. Tourism is of major importance to Groenlo, with over 3500 tourists spending the night locally at given times.

Groenlo has been under [[Spain|Spanish]] control for a considerable time during its violent history, which has left its marks. The majority of the local population is of [[Catholicism|Catholic]] persuasion, an exception (together with Lichtenvoorde) in the mainly [[protestantism|Protestant]] region. This has resulted in several Catholic traditions being celebrated locally, such as [[Carnival|Carnaval]] and [[Kermesse (festival)|"Kermis"]], as well as a relatively large number of [[license]]d establishment and [[festival|festivities]].

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Groenlo, straatzicht1 2010-07-18 16.45.JPG|Groenlo, view to a street
File:Groenlo, de Sint-Calixtusbasiliek RM18163 IMG 1995 2018-04-06 16.49.jpg|Groenlo, basilica
</gallery>

== References ==
{{RefList}}

{{Commons category|position=left}}

{{Dutch municipality Oost Gelre}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Oost Gelre]]
[[Category:Populated places in Gelderland]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of Gelderland]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 2006]]
[[Category:Cities in the Netherlands]]