Editing Greenland, New Hampshire

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{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Greenland, New Hampshire
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = 
|image_skyline            = Community Congregational Church, Greenland NH.jpg
|image_seal               = Official seal of Greenland, New Hampshire.jpg
|imagesize                = 250px
|image_caption            = Community Congregational Church
|image_flag               = Official flag of Greenland, New Hampshire.png
|image_map                = Rockingham County New Hampshire incorporated and unincorporated areas Greenland highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 260px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Rockingham County, New Hampshire|Rockingham County]] and the state of [[New Hampshire]]
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[New Hampshire]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in New Hampshire|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Rockingham County, New Hampshire|Rockingham]]
|government_type          = 
|leader_title1            = [[Board of Selectmen]]
|leader_name1             = Steve Smith, Chair<br>Vaughan Morgan<br>Randy Bunnell<br>Laura Malloy<br>Paul Stanley
|leader_title2            = Town Administrator
|leader_name2             = Paul Sanderson
|established_title        = [[Incorporation (municipal government)|Incorporated]]
|established_date         = 1721
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web |title=2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files – New Hampshire |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_cousubs_33.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 34.5
|area_land_km2            = 27.2
|area_water_km2           = 7.3
|area_total_sq_mi         = 
|area_land_sq_mi          = 
|area_water_sq_mi         = 
|area_water_percent       = 21.29
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population               = 4067
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=0600000US3301531700&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1| title=Greenland town, Rockingham County, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| access-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref>
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|population_est           = 
|pop_est_footnotes        = 
|population_density_km2   = 149.8
|population_density_sq_mi = 
|timezone                 = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Daylight Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|coordinates              = {{coord|43|02|10|N|70|49|58|W|region:US-NH|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m              = 
|elevation_ft             = 59
|website                  = {{URL|www.greenland-nh.com}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 03840
|area_code                = [[Area code 603|603]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 33-31700
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0873612
|footnotes                = 
}}
'''Greenland''' is a [[New England town|town]] in [[Rockingham County, New Hampshire|Rockingham County]], [[New Hampshire]], United States. The population was 4,067 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref name="Census 2020"/> up from 3,549 at the 2010 census. It is drained by the [[Winnicut River]] and bounded on the northwest by [[Great Bay (New Hampshire)|Great Bay]].

== History ==

One of the earliest settlements in the state, Greenland was a [[parish]] of [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]] (then called [[Strawbery Banke]]) operating in 1638.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weekslibrary.org/history.html |title=History |access-date=July 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209002140/http://www.weekslibrary.org/history.html |archive-date=December 9, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Captain Francis Champernowne moved from Strawbery Banke in 1640<ref>http://www.weekslibrary.org/history.html#Captain {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209002140/http://www.weekslibrary.org/history.html#Captain |date=December 9, 2013}} Francis Champernowne</ref> and settled in the area of the present Portsmouth Country Club. Although it was originally to be called "Canary", he would call his farm "Greenland". His extensive landholdings included a farm which is now the town of [[Madbury, New Hampshire|Madbury]], named for his ancestral home in [[Devon]], England.

Residents requested and were granted a separate parish in 1706. In {{circa|1710}}, Captain Samuel Weeks constructed a substantial brick house, thought to be the oldest brick house in [[New Hampshire]] still standing. It survived the [[1755 Cape Ann earthquake]]. Only the {{convert|18|in|cm|adj=mid|thick}} beams that supported the structure were cracked during the quake. The Weeks House is denoted by a [[New Hampshire historical marker]] ([[List of New Hampshire historical markers (101–125)#113|number 113]]) along [[New Hampshire Route 33]].<ref name=ByNumber>{{cite web |url=https://www.nh.gov/nhdhr/markers/documents/markers_bynumber.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127063523/http://www.nh.gov/nhdhr/markers/documents/markers_bynumber.pdf |archive-date=January 27, 2013 |url-status=live |title=List of Markers by Marker Number |website=nh.gov |publisher=New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources |date=November 2, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref>

Greenland incorporated in 1721. The town annexed parts of [[Stratham, New Hampshire|Stratham]] in 1805 and 1847.

On September 1, 1824, the [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette|Marquis de Lafayette]] was received by the citizens of Greenland at a triumphal arch erected in front of the local hotel.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

== Geography ==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|34.5|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|27.2|km2|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|7.3|km2|order=flip}} are water, comprising 21.29% of the town.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021"/> The highest point in Greenland is Breakfast Hill, at {{convert|151|ft|m}} above [[sea level]], on the town's border with [[Rye, New Hampshire|Rye]]. Greenland is abutted by [[Great Bay (New Hampshire)|Great Bay]] to the north and is primarily drained by the [[Winnicut River]]. Greenland lies fully within the [[Piscataqua River]] (Coastal) [[Drainage basin|watershed]].<ref name=watershed>{{cite book |title=Water Use in New Hampshire: An Activities Guide for Teachers |url=http://nh.water.usgs.gov/Publications/nh.intro.html |last=Foster |first=Debra H. |author2=Batorfalvy, Tatianna N. |author3= Medalie, Laura  |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey |year=1995}}</ref>

===Adjacent municipalities===
* [[Newington, New Hampshire|Newington]] (north)
* [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]] (east)
* [[Rye, New Hampshire|Rye]] (southeast)
* [[North Hampton, New Hampshire|North Hampton]] (south)
* [[Stratham, New Hampshire|Stratham]] (west)
* [[Newmarket, New Hampshire|Newmarket]] (northwest)

===Climate===
{{Weather box
|location = Greenland, New Hampshire (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1973–present)
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 71
|Feb record high F = 75
|Mar record high F = 89
|Apr record high F = 94
|May record high F = 94
|Jun record high F = 97
|Jul record high F = 102
|Aug record high F = 104
|Sep record high F = 96
|Oct record high F = 87
|Nov record high F = 78
|Dec record high F = 75

|Jan avg record high F = 55.3
|Feb avg record high F = 56.8
|Mar avg record high F = 66.0
|Apr avg record high F = 81.2
|May avg record high F = 88.1
|Jun avg record high F = 91.3
|Jul avg record high F = 93.6
|Aug avg record high F = 92.0
|Sep avg record high F = 88.3
|Oct avg record high F = 78.4
|Nov avg record high F = 68.9
|Dec avg record high F = 57.8
|year avg record high F = 95.3

|Jan high F = 32.6
|Feb high F = 35.6
|Mar high F = 43.3
|Apr high F = 55.8
|May high F = 66.1
|Jun high F = 75.0
|Jul high F = 80.5
|Aug high F = 79.8
|Sep high F = 71.8
|Oct high F = 59.7
|Nov high F = 48.1
|Dec high F = 37.8
|year high F = 

|Jan mean F = 24.4
|Feb mean F = 26.6
|Mar mean F = 34.3
|Apr mean F = 45.3
|May mean F = 55.4
|Jun mean F = 64.5
|Jul mean F = 70.3
|Aug mean F = 69.1
|Sep mean F = 61.7
|Oct mean F = 50.1
|Nov mean F = 39.7
|Dec mean F = 30.0
|year mean F = 

|Jan low F = 16.3
|Feb low F = 17.6
|Mar low F = 25.3
|Apr low F = 34.8
|May low F = 44.8
|Jun low F = 54.1
|Jul low F = 60.1
|Aug low F = 58.8
|Sep low F = 51.7
|Oct low F = 40.5
|Nov low F = 31.2
|Dec low F = 22.3
|year low F = 

|Jan avg record low F = -4.2
|Feb avg record low F = -1.2
|Mar avg record low F = 6.4
|Apr avg record low F = 22.7
|May avg record low F = 31.1
|Jun avg record low F = 41.2
|Jul avg record low F = 49.4
|Aug avg record low F = 47.5
|Sep avg record low F = 35.4
|Oct avg record low F = 26.4
|Nov avg record low F = 16.1
|Dec avg record low F = 4.8
|year avg record low F= -6.9

|Jan record low F = -26
|Feb record low F = -15
|Mar record low F = -6
|Apr record low F = 13
|May record low F = 15
|Jun record low F = 33
|Jul record low F = 38
|Aug record low F = 33
|Sep record low F = 23
|Oct record low F = 17
|Nov record low F = -6
|Dec record low F = -17

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.63
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.57
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.77
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.56
|May precipitation inch = 3.95
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.59
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.89
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.66
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.08
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.95
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.12
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.88
|year precipitation inch = 

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 10.6
|Feb precipitation days = 9.3
|Mar precipitation days = 10.9
|Apr precipitation days = 11.1
|May precipitation days = 11.3
|Jun precipitation days = 11.3
|Jul precipitation days = 10.7
|Aug precipitation days = 8.7
|Sep precipitation days = 9.1
|Oct precipitation days = 10.6
|Nov precipitation days = 10.9
|Dec precipitation days = 11.3

|Jan snow inch = 17.1
|Feb snow inch = 15.8
|Mar snow inch = 13.9
|Apr snow inch = 2.3
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 1.6
|Dec snow inch = 14.2
|year snow inch = 65.0

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 6.9
|Feb snow days = 5.9
|Mar snow days = 4.6
|Apr snow days = 0.9
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 1.0
|Dec snow days = 5.3

|Jan snow depth inch = 11.0
|Feb snow depth inch = 12.5
|Mar snow depth inch = 11.2
|Apr snow depth inch = 2.1
|May snow depth inch = 0.0
|Jun snow depth inch = 0.0
|Jul snow depth inch = 0.0
|Aug snow depth inch = 0.0
|Sep snow depth inch = 0.0
|Oct snow depth inch = 0.0
|Nov snow depth inch = 0.8
|Dec snow depth inch = 8.5
|year snow depth inch = 18.7

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00273626&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Greenland, NH
|access-date = September 16, 2024
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=gyx
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Portland (ME)
|access-date = September 16, 2024
}}
</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==

{{US Census population
|1790= 634
|1800= 548
|1810= 592
|1820= 634
|1830= 680
|1840= 726
|1850= 730
|1860= 762
|1870= 695
|1880= 695
|1890= 647
|1900= 607
|1910= 575
|1920= 623
|1930= 577
|1940= 695
|1950= 719
|1960= 1196
|1970= 1784
|1980= 2124
|1990= 2768
|2000= 3208
|2010= 3549
|2020= 4067
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|footnote=Historical Census Data<ref name="Census 2020"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nh.gov/oep/data-center/historical-census.htm|title=Historical Census Data|publisher=NH.gov|access-date=December 30, 2014}}</ref>
}}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 3,208 people, 1,204 households, and 892 families residing in the town.  The population density was {{convert|305.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,244 housing units at an average density of {{convert|118.6|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the town was 97.79% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.28% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.03% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.22% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.12% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.53% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.72% of the population.

There were 1,204 households, out of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $62,172, and the median income for a family was $67,188. Males had a median income of $44,592 versus $31,815 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $31,270.  About 3.6% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 10.1% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

== Notable people ==
<!-- Note:
· Only people who already have a Wikipedia article may appear here. This establishes notability.
· The article must mention how they are associated with Greenland, whether born, raised, or residing.
· The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited.
· Alphabetical by last name please.
· All others will be deleted.
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* [[Oney Judge]] (1773–1848), fugitive slave from the household of [[George Washington]]<ref>http://www.weekslibrary.org/history.html#Ona {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209002140/http://www.weekslibrary.org/history.html#Ona |date=December 9, 2013 }} Maria Judge</ref>
* [[John F. Richards]] (1938–2007), historian of South Asia specializing in the Mughal Empire<ref>{{Cite book|last=Richards|first=John F.|date=March 1993|title=The Mughal Empire|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/mughal-empire/25DE4321AB17CA0AD34D13675B9C52F6|access-date=June 19, 2020|publisher=Cambridge Core|language=en|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511584060|isbn=9780521251198}}</ref>
*[[Benjamin F. Whidden]] (1813–1896), first U.S. ambassador to Haiti<ref>Proceedings - Grafton and Coös County Bar Association, New Hampshire By Grafton and Coos Bar Association, p. 351-358</ref>

== References ==

{{portal|New Hampshire}}
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|www.greenland-nh.com}}
* [https://www.weekslibrary.org/ Weeks Public Library], with town historical information
* [https://www.nhes.nh.gov/elmi/products/cp/profiles-htm/greenland.htm New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile]

{{Geographic location
 | Centre    = Greenland
 | North     = [[Newington, New Hampshire|Newington]]
 | Northeast = [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]]
 | East      = [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]]
 | Southeast = [[Rye, New Hampshire|Rye]] 
 | South     = [[North Hampton, New Hampshire|North Hampton]]
 | Southwest = [[Stratham, New Hampshire|Stratham]]
 | West      = [[Stratham, New Hampshire|Stratham]]
 | Northwest = [[Newmarket, New Hampshire|Newmarket]]
}}

{{Rockingham County, New Hampshire}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Greenland, New Hampshire| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Rockingham County, New Hampshire]]
[[Category:Towns in New Hampshire]]