Editing Greenfield, Ohio

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Greenfield, Ohio
| settlement_type    = [[Village (Ohio)|Village]]
| nickname           = 
| motto              = "A Perfect Place To Raise A Family"

<!-- Images -->| image_skyline      = File:GreenfieldOhio2.JPG
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = Intersection of Jefferson Street and Washington Street (central business district) in Greenfield
| image_flag         = 
| image_seal         = <!-- Maps -->
| image_map          = OHMap-doton-Greenfield.png
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Location of Greenfield, Ohio
| image_map1         = Map of Highland County Ohio Highlighting Greenfield Village.png
| mapsize1           = 250px
| map_caption1       = Location of Greenfield in Highland County

<!-- Location -->| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Ohio]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Ohio|Counties]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Highland County, Ohio|Highland]], [[Ross County, Ohio|Ross]]

<!-- Government -->| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = Manager-council government
| leader_title       = interim City Manager
| leader_name        = Gary Silcott
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = 
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = <!-- Area -->
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_sq_mi   = 2.09
| area_land_sq_mi    = 2.09
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.00
| area_total_km2     = 5.40
| area_land_km2      = 5.40
| area_water_km2     = 0.00

<!-- Population -->| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est     = 4336
| pop_est_as_of      = 2023
| pop_est_footnotes  = <ref name="2023 est">{{cite web |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Ohio: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023 |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2023/cities/totals/SUB-IP-EST2023-POP-39.xlsx |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=30 June 2024}}</ref>
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 4339
| population_density_sq_mi = 2080.06
| population_density_km2 = 803.27

<!-- General information -->| timezone           = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
| utc_offset         = -5
| timezone_DST       = EDT
| utc_offset_DST     = -4
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft       = 925
| coordinates        = {{coord|39|21|00|N|83|22|45|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 45123
| area_code          = [[Area codes 937 and 326|937, 326]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 39-32088<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website  }}</ref>
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 2394985<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2394985}}</ref>
| website            = {{URL|http://greenfieldohio.net}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Greenfield''' is a [[village]] in [[Highland County, Ohio|Highland]] and [[Ross County, Ohio|Ross]] counties, [[Ohio]], United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,339.

==History==
Greenfield was named for its rural appearance, and was founded by General [[Duncan McArthur]] in 1799.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n142 143]}}</ref>

Most of Greenfield's early settlers moved to Ohio to work in anti-slavery efforts. In April 1833, the Abolition Society of Paint Valley was founded. Its main effort was to educate and do missionary work in the stance of ending slavery.<ref name="Merkel, Jerry 2000">Merkel, Jerry. Greenfield Ohio Celebrating 200 Years. N.p.: Turner, 2000. Print.</ref> The Abolition Society of Paint Valley was later disbanded but was quickly re-organized as the Greenfield Antislavery Society. Records become thin due to the large number of citizens helping African Americans to gain freedom.<ref name="Merkel, Jerry 2000"/>  Greenfield played a major part in the ending of slavery. Former slaves passed through the area on their way to [[Canada]] during the operation of the [[Underground Railroad]] with much help from Greenfield's community members.<ref name="Home" />

[[File:Depot in Greenfield, Ohio (1920).jpg|thumb|left|The crossing watchman and the coal shoveler at the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] depot in Greenfield, 1920]]

In 1893, the first African American owned car company was first founded in Greenfield. The [[C.R. Patterson and Sons]] company started as a horse-drawn buggy company but later produced cars, buses, and trucks. C.R. Patterson, alongside J.P. Lowe, moved to Greenfield where they founded the car company. The C.R. Patterson and Sons car company provided Greenfield schools buses to conduct routes.<ref>The Historical Society of Greenfield. Greenfield. N.p.: Arcadia, 2012.</ref> Other industries in Greenfield include Ruckers Quarry, which day and night quarried stone such as limestone on a large scale for the Cincinnati market.<ref name="Greenfield. Greenfield 2012"/> Another industry was Harps Manufacturing which was most well known for the Never-fail Oil Can, which was originally designed by Eugene Arnott but then perfected by Harp's Manufacturing.<ref name="Greenfield. Greenfield 2012"/>

Edward Lee [[McClain High School]] opened on September 23, 1915. People who wished to attend paid a fee of 15 cents for admission.<ref name="Greenfield. Greenfield 2012">The Historical Society of Greenfield. Greenfield. N.p.: Arcadia, 2012. Print.{{request quotation|date=June 2016}}</ref> It was the first school in Ohio to have an indoor swimming pool, which is still there today, with minor construction revisions.<ref name="Home">{{cite web|title=Greenfield, Ohio|publisher=Greenfield, Ohio|access-date=August 1, 2014|url=http://www.greenfieldohio.net/}}</ref>

In 1988, the 29.5-mile railroad line connecting the city to the national rail network was scheduled to be decommissioned, but Greenfield bought it for $2.4 million and kept it operational in order to retain a transportation outlet for the local manufacturing industry. This also made the city the smallest in the U.S. to own its own rail line.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/3/rail-town-in-ohio-shows-the-way.html | title = The little town that could: Short rail line in Ohio shows the way | publisher = Al Jazeera America | date = July 3, 2015 | access-date = July 6, 2015}}</ref>

===Historic sites===
Much of Greenfield's early history concentrates on the [[Travellers' Rest Inn]] at the eastern end of Jefferson Street. Constructed in 1812, it was the village's first stone building. It also served as its first post office, and was the space for its first doctor's office.<ref>Owen, Lorrie K., ed. ''Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places'', Vol. 2. [[St. Clair Shores, Michigan|St. Clair Shores]]: Somerset, 1999, 772.</ref>  Now operated as a museum,<ref>[http://www.greenfieldhistoricalsociety.org/ghs-exhibits.html Greenfield Historical Society Exhibits] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117144339/http://www.greenfieldhistoricalsociety.org/ghs-exhibits.html |date=January 17, 2012 }}, Greenfield Historical Society, n.d.  Accessed December 17, 2012.</ref> the inn is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. The [[Samuel Smith House and Tannery]] is also listed on the National Register.<ref>{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

==Geography==
Greenfield is located almost entirely in Highland County.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2006_39.csv |title=Subcounty population estimates: Ohio 2000-2006 |format=[[comma-separated values|CSV]] |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division |date=June 28, 2007 |access-date=May 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420141502/http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2006_39.csv |archive-date=April 20, 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|2.06|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 6, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012  }}</ref>

===Climate===
Greenfield receives an annual average of 38 inches of rain, and averages 25 inches of snow. Both averages are very similar to those of the United States. Greenfield averages 173 sunny days and 128 rainy days. The average high temperature in July is 84 degrees and the average low in January is 20.6 degrees.<ref>Sterling, Bert. "Climate in Greenfield, Ohio." Sterling's Best Places. Fast Forward, n.d. Web. July 30, 2014. <http://www.bestplaces.net/climate/city/ohio/greenfield>.</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 1011
|1860= 1500
|1870= 1712
|1880= 2104
|1890= 2460
|1900= 3979
|1910= 4228
|1920= 4344
|1930= 3871
|1940= 4228
|1950= 4862
|1960= 5422
|1970= 4780
|1980= 5150
|1990= 5172
|2000= 4906
|2010= 4639
|2020= 4339
|estyear=2023
|estimate=4336
|estref=<ref name="2023 est"/>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 6, 2013}}</ref> of 2010, there were 4,639 people, 1,829 households, and 1,148 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|2251.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 2,141 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1039.3|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 95.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.7% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.1% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.3% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.7% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 1,829 households, of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.2% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.07.

The median age in the city was 37.1 years. 25.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.4% were from 45 to 64; and 15.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 4,906 people, 1,955 households, and 1,253 families residing in the village. The population density was {{convert|2,536.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 2,099 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,085.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the village was 95.78% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.20% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.08% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.28% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.12% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.33% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.41% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people of any race were 0.69% of the population.

There were 1,955 households, out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $30,805, and the median income for a family was $36,952. Males had a median income of $32,156 versus $21,352 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the village was $14,306. About 12.3% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
As of 2024 the Village of Greenfield will switch to a Mayor-council government in the coming years.

Other officials include interim City Manager Gary Silcott, Finance Director Gary Lewis, Police Chief Jeremiah Oyer, and Director of Public Works Sherry Parker.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Officials / Contact us |url=http://www.greenfieldohio.net/officials--contact-us.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305142613/http://www.greenfieldohio.net/officials--contact-us.html |archive-date=March 5, 2018 |access-date=March 5, 2018 |website=Greenfield, Ohio |language=en}}</ref>

==Education==
Greenfield Exempted Village Schools operates three elementary schools (Rainsboro, Buckskin, and Greenfield Elementary), one middle school, and [[McClain High School (Greenfield, Ohio)|McClain High School]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.greenfield.k12.oh.us | title=Homepage | publisher=Greenfield Exempted Village Schools | access-date=February 25, 2018}}</ref>

Greenfield has a public library, a branch of the Highland County District Library.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.highlandco.org/hrsloc | title=Hours & Locations | publisher=Highland County District Library | access-date=February 25, 2018}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Samuel McChord Crothers]], essayist and [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] divine<ref name="Greenfield Historical Society">[http://www.greenfieldhistoricalsociety.org/ghs-NotedPeople.html ''Greenfield Historical Society''] website listing of notable people from Greenfield (retrieved October 13, 2022).</ref>
* [[Otway Curry]], poet and legislator
* [[David T. Daniels]], Director of the Ohio Department of Agriculture
* [[Don Grate]], professional baseball and basketball player
* [[Noble Edward Irwin]], United States Navy rear admiral
* [[Wenona Marlin]], suffragist
* [[Brad Martin]], [[country music]] artist
* [[David Noggle]], jurist
*[[Charles Richard Patterson]], [[African Americans|African-American]] [[carriage]] manufacturer and [[Civil and political rights|civil rights activist]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Berk|first=Brett|date=February 15, 2019|title=The Only African American Automaker Started as a Coachbuilder|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a26360175/african-american-automaker|access-date=December 12, 2020|website=Car and Driver|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Frederick Patterson]], the first African-American automobile manufacturer
* [[Johnny Paycheck]], country singer

==Gallery==
<gallery heights="200px" widths="180px" class="center">
File:GreenfieldOhio1.JPG|Greenfield corporation limit sign
File:Clock Tower Greenfield Ohio.jpg|Clock tower in central Greenfield
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category|Greenfield, Ohio}}

{{Highland County, Ohio}}
{{Ross County, Ohio}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Greenfield, Ohio| ]]
[[Category:Villages in Highland County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Villages in Ross County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Villages in Ohio]]