Editing Green League

{{Short description|Finnish political party}}
{{About|the [[Finland|Finnish]] political party|the university ranking index|The People & Planet Green League}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Green League
| logo             = Vihreät.svg
| logo_size        = 260px
| colorcode        = {{Political party data|color}}
| secretary        = {{ill|Anna Moring|fi}}
| general_secretary = {{ill|Tiina Kivinen|fi}}
| ideology         = {{ubl|[[Green politics]]|[[Green liberalism]]}}
| position         = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]
| headquarters     = [[Mannerheimintie]] 15b A, 00260 [[Helsinki]]
| international    = [[Global Greens]]
| affiliation1_title = Nordic affiliation
| affiliation1     = [[Centre Group]]
| website          = {{Political party data|website}}
| country          = Finland
| native_name      = {{native name|fi|Vihreä liitto}}<br />{{native name|sv|Grönä förbundet}}<br />{{native name|se|Ruoná lihttu}}<br />{{native name|smn|Ruánáá litto}}<br />{{native name|sms|Ruânn lett}}
| abbreviation     = Vihr
| chairperson      = [[Sofia Virta]]
| founder          = 
| leader1_title    = [[Parliamentary leader|Parliamentary group leader]]
| leader1_name     = [[Oras Tynkkynen]]
| leader2_title    = First deputy chair
| leader2_name     = [[Krista Mikkonen]]
| founded          = {{start date and age|1987|2|28|df=y}}
| legalised        = {{start date and age|1988|df=y}}
| think_tank       = {{ill|Ajatuspaja Visio|fi|Vihreä sivistysliitto#Ajatuspaja Visio}}
| womens_wing      = {{ill|Vihreät Naiset|fi}}
| membership_year  = 2023
| membership       = {{decrease}} 8,079<ref>[https://www.hs.fi/politiikka/art-2000009643061.html "Yli 4 700 vihreää antoi äänensä puheenjohtajavaalissa"], ''Helsingin Sanomat'', 8 June, 2023</ref>
| european         = [[European Green Party]]
| europarl         = {{Nowrap|[[Greens–European Free Alliance]]}}
| colors           = {{color box|{{party color|Green League}}|border=darkgray}} Dark green
| slogan           = ''Neljän vuodenajan puolesta'' (''For the four seasons'')
<!-- Values obtained from Wikidata; to edit, see https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196695 -->
| seats1_title     = [[Parliament of Finland|Eduskunta]]
| seats1           = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|ms-lower-house}}
| seats2_title     = [[European Parliament]]
| seats2           = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|EP}}
| seats3_title     = [[List of municipalities of Finland|Municipalities]]
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|418|8586|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| seats4           = {{Infobox political party/seats|107|1379|{{party color|Green League}}}}
| seats4_title     = [[Wellbeing services counties of Finland|County seats]]
| wing1            = [[Federation of Green Youth and Students]]
| wing1_title      = Youth and student wing
}}
{{Green politics sidebar}}

The '''Green League''', ({{langx|fi|Vihreä liitto}} {{IPA|fi|ˈʋihreæ ˈliːtːo|}}, '''Vihr'''; {{langx|sv|Gröna förbundet}} {{IPA|sv-FI|ˈɡrøːnɑ fœrˈbʉndet|}}; {{langx|se|Ruoná lihttu}}; {{langx|smn|Ruánáá litto}}; {{langx|sms|Ruânn lett}}) shortened to '''the Greens''', ({{langx|fi|Vihreät|links=no}}; {{langx|sv|de Gröna|links=no}})<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/yle_party_poll_centre_recovers_as_greens_finns_party_falter/9913060|title=Yle party poll: Centre recovers as Greens, Finns Party falter|work=Yle Uutiset|access-date=2017-11-12|language=en}}</ref> is a [[Green politics|green]] [[List of political parties in Finland|political party in Finland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greens.fi/political-programme-of-the-greens-2023-2027/|title=Political Programme of the Greens between 2023 and 2027|date=2023|website=The Green Party of Finland}}</ref><ref name="Annesley2013">{{cite book|author=Claire Annesley|title=Political and Economic Dictionary of Western Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RefH7Ya5kU4C&pg=PT177|date=11 January 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-35547-0|pages=177–}}</ref><ref name="Caramani2004">{{cite book|author=Daniele Caramani|title=The Nationalization of Politics: The Formation of National Electorates and Party Systems in Western Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ow95xksr_nMC&pg=PA303|date=29 March 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-53520-5|pages=303–}}</ref> Ideologically, the Green League is positioned on the [[centre-left]] of the political spectrum.<ref name="Colomer2008">{{cite book|author1=Jan-Erik Lane|author2=Svante Errson|chapter=The Nordic Countries: Compromise and Corporatism in the Welfare State|editor-link1=Josep Colomer|author-link1=Jan-Erik Lane|editor=Josep M. Colomer|title=Comparative European Politics: Third Edition|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZF8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA260|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-07354-2|page=260}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007|title=Election briefing No 32, Europe and the Finnish parliamentary elections of March 2007|url=https://www.sussex.ac.uk/webteam/gateway/file.php?name=epern-election-briefing-no-32.pdf&site=266#page=6|website=European Parties Elections and Referendums Network}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Finland|url=https://europeelects.eu/finland/|access-date=2021-12-21|website=Europe Elects|language=en-US}}</ref> It is a [[Reformism|reformist]] party and it supports [[feminism]], [[animal rights]] and [[green liberalism]].<ref name="EU20142">{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Finland's largest political parties |url=https://europarlamentti.info/en/elections/political-parties/Finland-parties/ |work=European Parliament Information}}</ref>

Originally split on whether Finland should join the [[European Union]], the Green League adopted a [[pro-European]] stance. It was the first Finnish party in favor of the [[federalisation of the European Union]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXbKkH8cTUsC|title=Finland in the European Union|last1=Raunio|first1=Tapio|last2=Tiilikainen|first2=Teija|author-link2=Teija Tiilikainen|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7146-5375-4|location=London|page=52}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXbKkH8cTUsC&pg=PA52|title=Finland in the European Union|last1=Raunio|first1=Tapio|last2=Tiilikainen|first2=Teija|author-link2=Teija Tiilikainen|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7146-5375-4|location=London|page=52}}</ref> The Green League is among the midsized political parties in [[Finland]]. The Greens hold thirteen of the 200 seats in the [[Parliament of Finland|Finnish Parliament]] and two of Finland's [[Finland (European Parliament constituency)|15 European Parliament seats]]. The party is a member of the [[Global Greens]] and the [[European Green Party]]; its [[Member of the European Parliament|MEPs]] sit in the [[Greens–European Free Alliance]] group in the [[European Parliament]].

Founded in 1987, the party absorbed a number of [[Green politics|green]] organizations and their members, electing its first MPs in the [[1987 Finnish parliamentary election]]. The party won ten seats in the [[1991 Finnish parliamentary election|1991 election]]. Despite small losses [[1995 Finnish parliamentary election|in the 1995 election]], [[Pekka Haavisto]] joined [[Paavo Lipponen]]'s [[Lipponen I Cabinet|first cabinet]], which was composed of a "rainbow" coalition. This made the Green League the first [[green party]] to form a national cabinet. The party remained in government until 2002 when it resigned in opposition to [[nuclear power]]. The party slowly rose in popularity between 1995 and [[2007 Finnish parliamentary election|2007]], winning a total of 15 seats, and joined the centre-led [[Vanhanen II cabinet]]. In the [[2011 Finnish parliamentary election|2011 election]], the party suffered significant losses, dropping to ten seats, but remained in government. In [[2015 Finnish parliamentary election|2015]], the party recovered its losses, returning to 15 seats. In the [[2019 Finnish parliamentary election|2019 election]], the party achieved by far its best-ever result, winning 20 seats and 11.5% of the vote. They became the fifth-largest party in parliament and the third-most-big member of the [[Rinne cabinet]].

After the [[2017 Finnish municipal elections|2017 municipal elections]], the Green League was the fourth-largest party with 534 seats. They gained 211 more seats since the [[2012 Finnish municipal elections]]. Since June 2023, the party's leader and chairperson has been [[Sofia Virta]].<ref>[https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/kansanedustajat/Sivut/1411.aspx Eduskunta profile]</ref> From 2015 to 2019, the party was in opposition. It provided harsh criticism regarding the policies of the conservative [[Sipilä cabinet]] on financial support for economically well-off companies, [[Fortum]]'s purchase of [[Uniper]], and the expedited process of [[Constitution of Finland|constitution]]-changing surveillance laws.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vihreat.fi/blogit/ozan-yanar/2017/06/nyt-oikea-aika-uudistaa-perhevapaat-yritystuet|title=Nyt on oikea aika uudistaa perhevapaat ja yritystuet|date=2017-06-27|work=Vihreät - De Gröna|access-date=2018-02-03|language=fi-FI|archive-date=25 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025165936/https://www.vihreat.fi/blogit/ozan-yanar/2017/06/nyt-oikea-aika-uudistaa-perhevapaat-yritystuet|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vihreat.fi/blogit/hanna-halmeenpaa/2017/10/fortumin-uniper-kauppa-vesittaa-puhtaat-lupaukset|title=Fortumin Uniper-kauppa vesittää puhtaat lupaukset|date=2017-10-09|work=Vihreät - De Gröna|access-date=2018-02-03|language=fi-FI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vihreat.fi/blogit/krista-mikkonen/2018/01/perustelut-tiedustelulain-kiirehtimiselle-puuttuvat|title=Perustelut tiedustelulain kiirehtimiselle puuttuvat|date=2018-01-31|work=Vihreät - De Gröna|access-date=2018-02-03|language=fi-FI}}</ref>

==History==

=== Founding ===
The Green League was founded on 28 February 1987 and was registered as a political party the next year. <!--(In Finland 5.000 signatures are needed to register a new party).-->Political activity had begun already in the early 1980s, when [[environmentalist|environmental activists]], [[feminist]]s, disillusioned young politicians from the marginalized [[Liberals (Finland)|Liberal People's Party]] and other active groups began to campaign on green issues in Finland. In 1995, it was the first [[Europe]]an green party to be part of a state-level [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]].

The party was founded as a popular movement, which explains its name's descriptor, ''liitto'', "league". Initially, there was much resistance within the movement against founding a political party, motivated by [[Robert Michels]]' [[iron law of oligarchy]], which claims that movements inevitably degenerate into [[Oligarchy|oligarchies]] when they create a formal organization.<ref name="Mickelsson">Rauli Mickelsson. Suomen puolueet - Historia, muutos ja nykypäivä. Vastapaino 2007, 429 pages.</ref> The party still stresses openness and democratic decision-making, even if the Finnish word, "''liitto''", has been dropped from the party's website and advertisements, the word still remains in its official and registered name.

=== Early activities (1983–1994) ===
The first two parliamentary representatives were elected even before the registration, in the [[1983 Finnish parliamentary election|1983 parliamentary election]]. These were the first independent representatives in the Finnish Parliament. In [[1987 Finnish parliamentary election|1987]] the number of seats rose to four, and in [[1991 Finnish parliamentary election|1991]] to a total of ten.

About half of the party's members were against Finland joining the [[European Union]] in 1994. Later, polls showed that most Greens were anti-[[Eurozone]].<ref name="euroopanunionissa">{{cite web |url= http://blogs.helsinki.fi/vol-spj/suomi-eussa/|title= 4.2 Suomi Euroopan Unionissa}}</ref> The party heads declined to fight against [[Enlargement of the eurozone|euro-adoption]].

=== As part of the Lipponen Cabinets (1995–2003) ===
In the [[1995 Finnish parliamentary election|1995 election]], the Green League received a total of nine seats out of 200. The party joined the coalition cabinet led by the [[Social Democratic Party of Finland|Social Democratic Party]], and [[Pekka Haavisto]] became the [[Minister of the Environment (Finland)|Minister of the Environment]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/government/history/governments-and-ministers/report/-/r/m1/66|title=Composition of a certain government, 66. Lipponen|website=Valtioneuvosto|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-18}}</ref> thus becoming the first green minister in Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-01-11|title=Who is Pekka Haavisto? {{!}} Haavisto 2012 {{!}} nro. 2|url=http://haavisto2012.fi/en/who-is-pekka-haavisto/|access-date=2021-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111130447/http://haavisto2012.fi/en/who-is-pekka-haavisto/|archive-date=2012-01-11}}</ref>

The Green League received 7.3% of the vote, and gained two additional seats in the [[1999 Finnish parliamentary election|1999 election]], raising the total to 11. The Greens continued in [[Lipponen II Cabinet|the next coalition cabinet]], but resigned in protest on 26 May 2002, after the cabinet's decision to allow the construction of [[Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant#Unit 3|a new nuclear plant]] was accepted by the parliament.

=== Growth to mainstream appeal (2003–present) ===
In 2003, the Green League received 8.0% of the vote, receiving a total of 14 seats. They increased their seats to 15 in the [[2007 Finnish parliamentary election|2007 election]] while receiving 8.5% of the vote. In the [[2011 Finnish parliamentary election|2011 election]], the party lost five seats.

In the [[2009 European Parliament election in Finland|2009 European Parliament elections]], the Greens gained two of the thirteen Finnish seats in the [[European Parliament]], which were occupied by [[Satu Hassi]] and [[Heidi Hautala]].

At the municipal level, the Greens are an important force in the politics of the main cities of Finland. In the municipal election of 2008 the Greens received 8.9% of the vote; the vote share was considerably higher in [[Helsinki]], where the Greens became the second-largest party with 23.2% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yle.fi/vaalit2008/tulospalvelu/vaalipiirit/puolueiden_kannatus_vp1.html |title=Vaalit 2008 tulospalvelu - Helsinki - Puolueiden kannatus |publisher=Yle.fi |date=2008-10-30 |access-date=2013-12-23|language=fi}}</ref> In several other cities, the Greens achieved the position of the third-largest party. The Greens are weaker in rural area and especially in municipalities that experience high levels of outward migration.

By the 2017 Green League party congress, Niinistö had served three full two-year terms as the chairman and stepped down according to the rules of the party. In the following [[2017 Green League leadership election|leadership election]], there were six candidates running for party chairman, of whom MP [[Touko Aalto]] won the election.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.is.fi/kotimaa/art-2000005258983.html |title=Touko Aalto vihreiden puheenjohtajaksi |date=17 June 2017 |publisher=Vihreät |language=fi |access-date=17 June 2017}}</ref>

Soon after Aalto's election, the popularity of the Green League surged in the polls and raised briefly as the second most popular party in the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hs.fi/politiikka/art-2000005342732.html|title=Vihreät nousi toiseksi suurimmaksi puolueeksi ja sai parin kuukauden aikana 80 000 uutta äänestäjää – Puheenjohtaja Aalto: "Isoa liikehdintää tapahtuu" |date=28 August 2017 |work=Helsingin Sanomat |language=fi |access-date=25 October 2018}}</ref> However, in September 2017 the poll numbers turned into a downward slope, which continued until autumn 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.is.fi/politiikka/art-2000005875727.html|title=Touko Aallon 494 päivää vihreiden puheenjohtajana – pääministeripuheista syöksykierteeseen |date=24 October 2018 |work=Ilta-Sanomat |language=fi |access-date=25 October 2018}}</ref> After taking a month of sick leave due to exhaustion in September 2018, Aalto soon announced that he was resigning from his post, citing depression and fatigue.<ref>{{cite news|title=Greens chair Touko Aalto steps down: "I need more time for recovery"|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/greens_chair_touko_aalto_steps_down_i_need_more_time_for_recovery_/10473177|access-date=25 October 2018|publisher=Yle|date=24 October 2018}}</ref>

In November 2018, the Green League decided to choose a temporary chairman to lead the party into the 2019 parliamentary elections and until the next party convention. In the leadership election, former chairman Pekka Haavisto was once again elected as chairman.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pekka Haavisto valittiin vihreiden johtoon murskaäänin 40–1 – puolueella on Touko Aallon uupumisen myötä "peiliin katsomisen paikka"|url=https://www.hs.fi/paivanlehti/04112018/art-2000005887795.html|access-date=5 November 2018|publisher=Yle|date=4 November 2018}}</ref>

In June 2019, Haavisto stepped down as the chairman of the party. [[Maria Ohisalo]] was the only candidate in the leadership election and was thus elected as chairman in the city of [[Pori]].<ref name=ohisalo>{{Cite news|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10831861|title=Maria Ohisalo – parissa kuukaudessa ensin kansanedustajaksi, sitten ministeriksi ja nyt vihreiden puheenjohtajaksi |work=Yle Uutiset|access-date=2019-06-15|language=fi}}</ref>

In the [[2023 Finnish parliamentary election|2023 parliamentary election]], Ohisalo was re-elected with 6,937 votes.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://tulospalvelu.vaalit.fi/EKV-2023/en/val01.html| title = Parliamentary Elections 2023: Electoral district of Helsinki | website = Ministry of Justice | accessdate = 6 July 2023}}</ref> However, as the Greens suffered an election defeat, Ohisalo announced that she would not seek another term as chairman. In June 2023, she was replaced by [[Sofia Virta]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.hs.fi/politiikka/art-2000009575091.html | title = Sofia Virrasta vihreiden uusi puheenjohtaja, myös muu puoluejohto uusiksi | work = Helsingin Sanomat | date = 10 June 2023 | accessdate = 6 July 2023}}</ref>

==Ideology and policies==
[[File:Vihreiden vaaliteltta Isolla Roballa.jpg|thumb|An election canvassing tent for the Greens on [[Iso Roobertinkatu]] in Helsinki in 2011.]]
[[File:Green League at Helsinki Pride 2023.jpg|thumb|Members of the Finnish Green League party at the [[Helsinki Pride]] 2023 parade.]]
The Green League is no longer a [[protest party]], nor an [[alternative movement]]. Some Green candidates reject classifying the party as either left-wing or right-wing. Economic opinions of the members range between left and right.<ref name="Mickelsson"/> However, members of the party on average place their party left of the [[Social Democratic Party of Finland|Social Democratic Party]] and right of the [[Left Alliance (Finland)|Left Alliance]].<ref>[http://www.om.fi/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheader=application/pdf&blobheadername1=Content-Disposition&blobheadername2=Content-Length&blobheadervalue1=inline;%20filename=OMJU%202008%206%20Suomalaisten%20politiikkatiet%C3%A4mys%20164%20s.pdf&blobheadervalue2=848986&blobkey=id&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1222680589362&ssbinary=true&SSURIapptype=BlobServer&SSURIcontainer=Default&SSURIsession=false&SSURIsscontext=Satellite%20Server Elo, Kimmo – Rapeli, Lauri (2008): ''Suomalaisten politiikkatietämys''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223181301/http://www.om.fi/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobheadername1=Content-Disposition&blobheadername2=Content-Length&blobheadervalue1=inline%3B%20filename%3DOMJU%202008%206%20Suomalaisten%20politiikkatiet%C3%A4mys%20164%20s.pdf&blobheadervalue2=848986&blobkey=id&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1222680589362&ssbinary=true&SSURIapptype=BlobServer&SSURIcontainer=Default&SSURIsession=false&SSURIsscontext=Satellite%20Server |date=2012-02-23 }} Oikeusministeriön julkaisuja 2008:6.</ref>

The party is one of the strongest proponents for [[Same-sex marriage in Finland|same-sex marriage]]. The party is also distinct in its opposition against [[conscription in Finland|universal male conscription]] and wants to opt for a gender-neutral, selective version. The eventual goal of the Greens is voluntary military service.

In 2015, the party included [[universal basic income]] (UBI) as a proposal in their platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kaleva.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/vihreat-haluaa-560-euron-perustulon-kaikille/689577/|title=Vihreät haluaa 560 euron perustulon kaikille|work=Kaleva.fi|access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref> In February 2019, the party announced that it wanted to introduce a [[Euro|€]]300 universal basic income in the 2019 to 2023 parliamentary term, before transitioning to a [[Euro|€]]600 tax-free UBI during the following 2023 to 2027 parliamentary term.<ref>{{cite news |date= 8 February 2019 |title= Green League would introduce a €600 universal basic income by 2027 |url= https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/finland-news/politics/16181-green-league-would-introduce-a-600-universal-basic-income-by-2027.html |work= Helsinki Times |access-date= 17 August 2022}}</ref>

In the spring of 2018, the party proposed lowering the voting age to 15.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-27|title=Vihreiden puoluehallitus: Äänestysikäraja laskettava 15 vuoteen|url=https://www.is.fi/politiikka/art-2000005696704.html|access-date=2021-03-08|website=Ilta-Sanomat|language=fi}}</ref>

The party stated in December 2018 that it supports investing €10 billion in Finland's railway infrastructure and improving rail connections in the country, including building high-speed rail connections.<ref>{{cite news |last= Teivainen |first= Aleksi |date= 14 December 2018 |title= Green League: Finland should invest €10bn in railway infrastructure |url= https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/finland-news/domestic/16031-green-league-finland-should-invest-10bn-in-railway-infrastructure.html |work= Helsinki Times |access-date= 26 November 2022 |publisher= Uusi Suomi}}</ref>

In September 2021, the party voted to pass an internal motion supporting the legalisation and regulation of cannabis in Finland. It thus became the first party in Finland's Parliament to publicly state support for cannabis being legalised in the country.<ref>{{cite news |last= Teivainen |first= Aleksi |date= 14 September 2021 |title= Green League faces opposition for motion to legalise cannabis |url= https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/finland-news/politics/19957-green-league-faces-opposition-for-motion-to-legalise-cannabis.html |work= Helsinki Times |access-date= 26 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date= 22 September 2021 |title= Green Party in Finland Calls for End of Prohibition |url= https://hightimes.com/news/green-party-in-finland-calls-for-end-of-prohibition/ |work= High Times |access-date= 26 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Verhelst |first= Koen |date= 1 October 2022 |title= Party in Finland's ruling coalition backs legalising cannabis |url= https://www.euronews.com/2021/10/01/party-in-finland-s-ruling-coalition-backs-legalising-cannabis |work= Euronews |access-date= 26 November 2022}}</ref>

==Election results==

===Parliamentary elections===
<timeline>
ImageSize  = width:400 height:240
PlotArea   = width:300 height:160 left:30 bottom:30
AlignBars  = justify

DateFormat = x.y
Period     = from:0 till:15
TimeAxis   = orientation:vertical
AlignBars  = justify
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Colors=
  id:SB value:rgb(0.380,0.749,0.102) legend:Sea_Battles
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 bar:% color:SB width:22   mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S
 bar:1983 from:start till:1.47 text:1.5
 bar:1987 from:start till:4.03 text:4.0
 bar:1991 from:start till:6.82 text:6.8
 bar:1995 from:start till:6.52 text:6.5
 bar:1999 from:start till:7.27 text:7.3
 bar:2003 from:start till:8.01 text:8.0
 bar:2007 from:start till:8.46 text:8.5
 bar:2011 from:start till:7.25 text:7.3
 bar:2015 from:start till:8.53 text:8.5
 bar:2019 from:start till:11.5 text:11.5
 bar:2023 from:start till:7.04 text:7.0
</timeline>

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:right;"
|-
! Election
! Votes
! %
! Seats
! +/-
! Government
|-
! [[1983 Finnish parliamentary election|1983]]
| align="right" | 43,754
| align="right" | 1.47
| {{Composition bar|2|200|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| 
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[1987 Finnish parliamentary election|1987]]
| align="right" | 115,988
| align="right" | 4.03
| {{Composition bar|4|200|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{increase}} 2
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[1991 Finnish parliamentary election|1991]]
| align="right" | 185,894
| align="right" | 6.82
| {{Composition bar|10|200|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{increase}} 6
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[1995 Finnish parliamentary election|1995]]
| align="right" | 181,198
| align="right" | 6.52
| {{Composition bar|9|200|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{decrease}} 1
| {{yes2|Coalition}}
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[1999 Finnish parliamentary election|1999]]
| rowspan=2 align="right" | 194,846
| rowspan=2 align="right" | 7.27
| rowspan=2 | {{Composition bar|11|200|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| rowspan=2 | {{increase}} 2
| {{yes2|Coalition {{small|(1999–2002)}}}}
|-
| {{no2|Opposition {{small|(2002–2003)}}}}
|-
! [[2003 Finnish parliamentary election|2003]]
| align="right" | 223,846
| align="right" | 8.01
| {{Composition bar|14|200|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{increase}} 3
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[2007 Finnish parliamentary election|2007]]
| align="right" | 234,429
| align="right" | 8.46
| {{Composition bar|15|200|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{increase}} 1
| {{yes2|Coalition}}
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[2011 Finnish parliamentary election|2011]]
| rowspan=2 align="right" | 213,172
| rowspan=2 align="right" | 7.25
| rowspan=2 | {{Composition bar|10|200|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| rowspan=2 | {{decrease}} 5
| {{yes2|Coalition {{small|(2011–2014)}}}}
|-
| {{no2|Opposition {{small|(2014–2015)}}}}
|-
! [[2015 Finnish parliamentary election|2015]]
| align="right" | 253,102
| align="right" | 8.53
| {{Composition bar|15|200|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{increase}} 5
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[2019 Finnish parliamentary election|2019]]
| align="right" | 354,194
| align="right" | 11.49
| {{Composition bar|20|200|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{increase}} 5
| {{yes2|Coalition}}
|-
! [[2023 Finnish parliamentary election|2023]]
| align="right" | 217,426
| align="right" | 7.03
| {{Composition bar|13|200|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{decrease}} 7
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|}

===Municipal elections===
<timeline>
ImageSize  = width:400 height:240
PlotArea   = width:300 height:160 left:50 bottom:60
AlignBars  = justify

DateFormat = x.y
Period     = from:0 till:15
TimeAxis   = orientation:vertical
AlignBars  = justify
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:0

PlotData=
 bar:% color:green width:22   mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S
 bar:1984 from:start till:2.8 text:2.8
 bar:1988 from:start till:2.3 text:2.3
 bar:1992 from:start till:6.9 text:6.9
 bar:1996 from:start till:6.3 text:6.3
 bar:2000 from:start till:7.7 text:7.7
 bar:2004 from:start till:7.4 text:7.4
 bar:2008 from:start till:8.9 text:8.9
 bar:2012 from:start till:8.5 text:8.5
 bar:2017 from:start till:12.5 text:12.5
 bar:2021 from:start till:10.6 text:10.6

</timeline>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Election
! Councillors
! Votes
! %
|-
! [[1984 Finnish municipal elections|1984]]
| 101
| 76,441
| 2.8
|-
! [[1988 Finnish municipal elections|1988]]
| 94
| 61,581
| 2.3
|-
! [[1992 Finnish municipal elections|1992]]
| 343
| 184,787
| 6.9
|-
! [[1996 Finnish municipal elections|1996]]
| 292
| 149,334
| 6.3
|-
! [[2000 Finnish municipal elections|2000]]
| 338
| 171,707
| 7.7
|-
! [[2004 Finnish municipal elections|2004]]
| 313
| 175,933
| 7.4
|-
! [[2008 Finnish municipal elections|2008]]
| 370
| 228,277
| 8.9
|-
! [[2012 Finnish municipal elections|2012]]
| 323
| 213,100
| 8.5
|-
! [[2017 Finnish municipal elections|2017]]
| 534
| 320,235
| 12.5
|-
! [[2021 Finnish municipal elections|2021]]
| 433	
| 259,104
| 10.6
|-
![[2025 Finnish municipal elections|2025]]
|418
|254,172
|10.5
|}

===European Parliament elections===
<timeline>
ImageSize  = width:400 height:240
PlotArea   = width:300 height:160 left:50 bottom:60
AlignBars  = justify

DateFormat = x.y
Period     = from:0 till:20
TimeAxis   = orientation:vertical
AlignBars  = justify
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PlotData=
 bar:% color:green width:22   mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S
 bar:1996 from:start till:7.6 text:7.6
 bar:1999 from:start till:13.4 text:13.4
 bar:2004 from:start till:10.4 text:10.4
 bar:2009 from:start till:12.4 text:12.4
 bar:2014 from:start till:9.3 text:9.3
 bar:2019 from:start till:16.0 text:16.0
 bar:2024 from:start till:11.3 text:11.3

</timeline>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Election 
! Votes
! %
! Seats
! +/–
! EP Group
|-
! [[1996 European Parliament election in Finland|1996]]
| 170,670
| 7.59 (#5)
| {{Composition bar|1|16|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| New
| [[The Green Group in the European Parliament|G]]
|-
! [[1999 European Parliament election in Finland|1999]]
| 166,786
| 13.43 (#4)
| {{Composition bar|2|16|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{increase}} 1
| rowspan=6 | [[The Greens - European Free Alliance|G/EFA]]
|-
! [[2004 European Parliament election in Finland|2004]]
| 172,844
| 10.43 (#4)
| {{Composition bar|1|14|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
! [[2009 European Parliament election in Finland|2009]]
| 206,439
| 12.40 (#4)
| {{Composition bar|2|13|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{increase}} 1
|-
! [[2014 European Parliament election in Finland|2014]]
| 160,967
| 9.33 (#5)
| {{Composition bar|1|13|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
! |[[2019 European Parliament election in Finland|2019]]
| 292,892
| 16.00 (#2)
| {{Composition bar|3|14|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{increase}} 2
|-
! [[2024 European Parliament election in Finland|2024]]
| 206,332
| 11.28 (#5)
| {{Composition bar|2|15|hex={{party color|Green League}}}}
| {{decrease}} 1
|}

===Presidential elections===
Parliamentarian and former [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]] [[Heidi Hautala]] was a candidate in the presidential elections in 2000 and 2006, taking approximately a 3.5% share of votes in the first round in each. [[Pekka Haavisto]] was the first Green candidate in the [[2012 Finnish presidential election|2012 election]] to enter the second round. Haavisto got an 18.8% share of votes in the first round, and lost to centre-right [[Sauli Niinistö]] in the second round held on 5 February.

{| class=wikitable
|-
! rowspan=2|Election 
! rowspan=2|Candidate
! colspan=2|1st round
! colspan=2|2nd round
! rowspan=2|Result
|-
! Votes
! %
! Votes
! %
|-
! [[2000 Finnish presidential election|2000]]
| [[Heidi Hautala]]
| 100,740
| 3.29 (#5)
| colspan=2 style="background:lightgrey;"|
| {{no2|Lost}}
|-
! [[2006 Finnish presidential election|2006]]
| [[Heidi Hautala]]
| 105,248
| 3.49 (#4)
| colspan=2 style="background:lightgrey;"|
| {{no2|Lost}}
|-
! [[2012 Finnish presidential election|2012]]
| [[Pekka Haavisto]]
| 574,275
| 18.76 (#2)
| 1,077,425
| 37.41 (#2)
| {{no2|Lost}}
|-
! [[2018 Finnish presidential election|2018]]
| [[Pekka Haavisto]]
| 370,823
| 12.40 (#2)
| colspan=2 style="background:lightgrey;"|
| {{no2|Lost}}
|-
! [[2024 Finnish presidential election|2024]]
| [[Pekka Haavisto]]{{efn|Formally ran as independent.}}
| 836,357
| 25.80 (#2)
| 1,476,548
| 48.38 (#2)
| {{no2|Lost}}
|}
{{Notelist}}

==Politicians==

===List of party chairpersons===
<gallery>
File:Kalle Könkkölä.jpg|'''[[Kalle Könkkölä]]'''<br/>(1987)
File:Heidi Hautala - April 2017.jpg|'''[[Heidi Hautala]]'''<br/>(1987–1991)
File:Pekka_Sauri.jpg|'''[[Pekka Sauri]]'''<br/>(1991–1993)
File:Haavisto 2023.jpg|'''[[Pekka Haavisto]]'''<br/>(1993–1995, 2018–2019)
File:Tuijabrax.jpg|'''[[Tuija Brax]]'''<br/>(1995–1997)
File:Satu_Hassi,_Finland-MIP-Europaparlament-by-Leila-Paul-1.jpg|'''[[Satu Hassi]]'''<br/>(1997–2001)
File:Osmo_Soininvaara.jpg|'''[[Osmo Soininvaara]]'''<br/>(2001–2005)
File:Tarja_Cronberg_Finnish_MEP_2014.jpg|'''[[Tarja Cronberg]]'''<br/>(2005–2009)
File:Anni Sinnemäki Kolmen Sepän Aukiolla.JPG|'''[[Anni Sinnemäki]]'''<br/>(2009–2011)
File:1718294424823 20240613 NIINISTO Ville FI 006.jpg|'''[[Ville Niinistö]]'''<br/>(2011–2017)
File:Aktiivimallin vastainen mielenilmaus Senaatintorilla (cropped).jpg|'''[[Touko Aalto]]'''<br/>(2017–2018)
File:1718281619233 20240612 OHISALO Maria FI 009.jpg|'''[[Maria Ohisalo]]'''<br/>(2019–2023)
File:Kansanedustaja Sofia Virta 2023 (cropped).jpg|'''[[Sofia Virta]]'''<br/>(2023–present)
</gallery>

===Members of parliament from 2019–2023===
The following 20 Greens politicians were elected to the [[Parliament of Finland|Finnish Parliament]] in the [[2019 Finnish parliamentary election|2019 parliamentary election]]. 16 out of 20 members are first-timers. 17 of the members are women.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vaalit.yle.fi/tulospalvelu/2015/eduskuntavaalit/?ehdokkaat_##taulukko|title=Eduskuntavaalit 2015|publisher=Yle|access-date=22 April 2015}}</ref>

<gallery>
File: Foreign Secretary Cleverly met with Pekka Haavisto to congratulate Finland's membership of NATO (cropped).jpg|'''[[Pekka Haavisto]]'''<br />([[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Finland)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]])
File:Maria Ohisalo in 2022 (cropped).jpg|'''[[Maria Ohisalo]]'''<br />([[Minister of the Interior (Finland)|Minister of the Interior]])<br />(New)
File:Krista Mikkonen (cropped).jpg|'''[[Krista Mikkonen]]'''<br />([[Minister of the Environment and Climate Change (Finland)|Minister of the Environment and Climate Change]])
File:Mari Holopainen.jpg|'''[[Mari Holopainen]]'''<br />(New)
File:Emma Kari 2022.png|'''[[Emma Kari]]'''
File:Pirkka-Pekka Petelius.jpg|'''[[Pirkka-Pekka Petelius]]'''<br />(New)
File:Inka Hopsu.jpg|'''[[Inka Hopsu]]'''<br />(New)
File:Alanko-kahiluoto.jpg|'''[[Outi Alanko-Kahiluoto]]'''
File:Iiris Suomela 2020.jpg|'''[[Iiris Suomela]]'''<br />(New)
File:Satu Hassi, Finland-MIP-Europaparlament-by-Leila-Paul-1.jpg|'''[[Satu Hassi]]'''
File:Atte Harjanne at the Greens Party Congress in Seinäjoki, 2023.jpg|'''[[Atte Harjanne]]'''<br />(New)
File:Noora koponen kuva.jpg|'''[[Noora Koponen]]'''<br />(New)
File:Saara Hyrkkö 2019.jpg|'''[[Saara Hyrkkö]]'''<br />(New)
File:Bella Forsgren Feb 2020 (cropped).jpg|'''[[Bella Forsgrén]]'''<br />(New)
File:Kansanedustaja Sofia Virta 2023 (cropped).jpg|'''[[Sofia Virta]]'''<br />(New)
File:Tiina Elo at the Greens Party Congress in Seinäjoki, 2023.jpg|'''[[Tiina Elo]]'''<br />(New)
File:No image available.svg|'''[[Jenni Pitko]]'''<br />(New)
File:Heli Järvinen.jpg|'''[[Heli Järvinen]]'''
File:Hanna Holopainen at the Greens Party Congress in Seinäjoki, 2023.jpg|'''[[Hanna Holopainen]]'''<br />(New)
File:Mirka Soinikoski 2019.jpg|'''[[Mirka Soinikoski]]'''<br />(New)
</gallery>

===Current members of the European Parliament===
Since 2024, the Green League has been represented by two MEPs in the [[European Parliament]].
<gallery>
File:Ville Niinist Sanomatalo Mediatorilla 2015 11.jpg|'''[[Ville Niinistö]]'''
File:Maria Ohisalo in 2022 (cropped).jpg|'''[[Maria Ohisalo]]'''
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Climate change|Ecology|Environment}}

*[[Green politics]]
*[[List of environmental organizations]]
*[[Pentti Linkola]]
*[[Kirjava "Puolue" – Elonkehän Puolesta]]
*[[Universal basic income in the Nordic countries]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[https://www.vihreat.fi Official site] {{in lang|fi}}
*[https://www.greens.fi/ Website in English]

{{Green League}}
{{Finnish political parties}}
{{Green parties}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Green League]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Finland]]
[[Category:Centre-left parties in Europe]]
[[Category:Environmentalism in Finland]]
[[Category:European Green Party]]
[[Category:Global Greens member parties]]
[[Category:Green liberalism]]
[[Category:Green parties in Europe]]
[[Category:Liberal parties in Finland]]
[[Category:Parties represented in the European Parliament]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1987]]
[[Category:Political parties supporting universal basic income]]
[[Category:Pro-European political parties in Finland]]
[[Category:Registered political parties in Finland]]