Editing Grand Forks, North Dakota

{{redirect|Grand Forks}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Grand Forks
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| nickname           = "The Grand Cities", "The Forks"
| motto              = "A Place of Excellence"
<!-- Images --------------->| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
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| image1             = FEMA_-_29438_-_Photograph_by_Brenda_Riskey_taken_on_05-17-2006_in_North_Dakota.jpg
| caption1           = Aerial View of Downtown Grand Forks (2006)
| image2             = Ralph Engelstadt Arena 2007.JPG
| caption2           = [[Ralph Engelstad Arena]]
| image3             = Chester Fritz Library summer.jpg
| caption3           = [[Chester Fritz Library]]
| image4             = St Michaels Church, Grand Forks ND.jpg
| caption4           = [[St. Michael's Church (Grand Forks, North Dakota)|St. Michael's Church]]
| image5             = North Dakota Mill 2022-07-20.jpg
| caption5           = [[North Dakota Mill and Elevator]]
}}
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = GrandForksNDflag.png
| image_seal         = 
| image_blank_emblem = Logo of City of Grand Forks.png
| blank_emblem_type  = Logo
| blank_emblem_size  = 
| image_map          = ND Grand Forks County Grand Forks.svg
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Location in the [[U.S. state]] of [[North Dakota]]
| pushpin_map        = North Dakota#USA
| pushpin_relief     = yes
| pushpin_label      = Grand Forks
<!-- Location ------------->| subdivision_type   = Country
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| subdivision_name1  = [[North Dakota]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Metropolitan statistical area|Metro]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Greater Grand Forks]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of counties in North Dakota|County]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Grand Forks County, North Dakota|Grand Forks]]
<!-- Government ----------->| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Grand Forks, North Dakota|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Brandon Bochenski]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.grandforksgov.com/government/city-leadership/mayor-bochenski |access-date=July 20, 2020 |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153210/https://www.grandforksgov.com/government/city-leadership/mayor-bochenski |url-status=live |title=Mayor Bochenski}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grandforksherald.com/news/government-and-politics/6547213-Watch-Grand-Forks-City-Council-meeting-and-Mayor-Brandon-Bochenskis-swearing-in-ceremony#:~:text=On%20Tuesday%2C%20June%2023%2C%20the,to%20run%20for%20re-election|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153213/https://www.grandforksherald.com/news/government-and-politics/6547213-Watch-Grand-Forks-City-Council-meeting-and-Mayor-Brandon-Bochenskis-swearing-in-ceremony#:~:text=On%20Tuesday%2C%20June%2023%2C%20the,to%20run%20for%20re-election |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |title=Watch: Grand Forks City Council meeting and Mayor Brandon Bochenski's swearing-in ceremony|website=Grand Forks Herald|date=June 23, 2020|author=Weber Menke, Lori|url-status=live}}</ref>
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = 
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = June 15, 1870
| established_title1 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date1  = February 22, 1881
<!-- Area ----------------->| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2024">{{cite web|title=2024 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_gaz_place_38.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 21, 2024}}</ref>
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 75.933
| area_land_km2      = 75.422
| area_water_km2     = 0.514
| area_total_sq_mi   = 29.318
| area_land_sq_mi    = 29.120
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.198
<!-- Population ----------->| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est     = 58921
| pop_est_as_of      = 2023
| pop_est_footnotes  = <ref name="USCensusEst2023"/>
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
| population_total   = 59166
| population_density_km2 = 783.11
| population_density_sq_mi = 2028.22
| population_rank    = US: 667th<br>ND: [[List of cities in North Dakota|3rd]]
| population_urban   = 68160 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|411st]])<ref name="urban area">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 7, 2023}}</ref>
| population_density_urban_km2 = 993.69
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 2573.67
| population_metro   = 103120 (US: [[Metropolitan statistical area|357th]])
| population_density_metro_km2 = 11.69
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = 30.3
<!-- General information -->| timezone           = [[Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset         = –6
| timezone_DST       = CDT
| utc_offset_DST     = –5
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_m        = 255
| elevation_ft       = 837
| coordinates        = {{coord|47|55|16.55|N|97|05|18.02|W|region:US-ND_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code        = 58201, 58202, 58203, 58204, 58205, 58206, 58207, 58208
| area_code          = [[Area code 701|701]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 38-32060
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 1036064<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1036064}}</ref>
| blank2_name        = [[List of North Dakota numbered highways|Highways]]
| blank2_info        = [[Interstate 29 in North Dakota|I-29]], [[U.S. Route 2|US 2]], [[U.S. Route 81|US 81]], [[North Dakota Highway 297|ND 297]]
| blank3_name        = [[Sales tax]]
| blank3_info        = 7.25%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avalara.com/taxrates/en/state-rates/north-dakota/cities/grand-forks.html|title=Grand Forks (ND) sales tax rate|access-date=October 21, 2024}}</ref>
| website            = {{URL|https://www.grandforksgov.com/|grandforksgov.com}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Grand Forks''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Grand Forks County, North Dakota]], United States. The city's population was 59,166 as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], making it the [[List of cities in North Dakota|third-most populous city]] in the state, after [[Fargo, North Dakota|Fargo]] and [[Bismarck, North Dakota|Bismarck]].<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web|title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Grand_Forks_city,_North_Dakota?g=160XX00US3832060 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=October 2, 2023}}</ref> Grand Forks, along with its [[twin cities (geographical proximity)|twin city]] of [[East Grand Forks, Minnesota]], forms the center of the Grand Forks metropolitan statistical area, which is often called [[Greater Grand Forks]] or the Grand Cities.

Located on the western banks of the north-flowing [[Red River of the North]], in a flat region known as the [[Red River Valley]],<ref name="redriver">{{cite web |url=http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/canoeing/redriver/index.html |title=Red River of the North – State Canoe Routes |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=Minnesota Department of Natural Resources |archive-date=September 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927120533/http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/canoeing/redriver/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the city is prone to flooding. The [[1997 Red River flood|Red River Flood of 1997]] devastated the city.<ref name="flood">{{cite web |url=http://www.draves.com/gf/ |title=The Grand Forks Flood |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=Draves.com |archive-date=March 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319145109/http://draves.com/gf/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Originally called ''Les Grandes Fourches'' by French fur traders from Canada, who had long worked and lived in the region, steamboat captain [[Alexander Griggs]] platted a community after being forced to winter there. The post office was established in 1870, and the town was incorporated on February 22, 1881.<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.grandforksgov.com/gfgov/home.nsf/Pages/History |title=Grand Forks History |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=City of Grand Forks, North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606194617/http://www.grandforksgov.com/gfgov/home.nsf/Pages/History |archive-date=June 6, 2007 }}</ref> The city was named for its location at the fork of the Red River and the [[Red Lake River]].<ref name="history" />

Initially dependent on local agriculture, the city's economy has since broadened to include a wide variety of industries, including higher education, defense, health care, manufacturing, food processing, and scientific research.<ref name="community">{{cite web |url=http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/grad/html/gfinfo.html |title=Community of Grand Forks |access-date=June 11, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |archive-date=December 19, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219205819/http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/grad/html/gfinfo.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="employers">{{cite web |url=http://www.state.nd.us/jsnd/docs/lmi/legrand_forks.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109180220/http://www.state.nd.us/jsnd/docs/lmi/legrand_forks.pdf |archive-date=November 9, 2006 |title=Grand Forks' 50 Largest Employers |access-date=June 5, 2007 | work=State of North Dakota }}</ref> Grand Forks is served by [[Grand Forks International Airport]] and [[Grand Forks Air Force Base]]. The city's [[University of North Dakota]] is the oldest institution of higher education in the state.<ref name="und">{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/aboutund/ |title=About UND |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=University of North Dakota |archive-date=October 22, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022051330/http://www.und.edu/aboutund/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Alerus Center]]<ref name="alerus">{{cite web |url=http://www.aleruscenter.com/?page=history |title=History of Alerus Center |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=Alerus Center |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153227/https://www.aleruscenter.com/?page=history |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Ralph Engelstad Arena]]<ref name="rea">{{cite web |url=http://www.theralph.com/asp/default.asp?p=13
|title=History of Ralph Engelstad Arena |access-date=June 8, 2007 |work=Ralph Engelstad Arena |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070501173904/http://www.theralph.com/asp/default.asp?p=13 |archive-date = May 1, 2007}}</ref> host athletic and other events, while the [[Empire Arts Center]] and [[Chester Fritz Auditorium]] are the city's largest cultural venues.<ref name="cfa">{{cite web |url=http://www.cfa.und.edu/ |title=Chester Fritz Auditorium |access-date=June 11, 2007 |publisher=Chester Fritz Auditorium |archive-date=May 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514032755/http://www.cfa.und.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of Grand Forks, North Dakota}}
[[File:Downtown Grand Forks, ND circa 1912.jpg|thumb|left|Downtown Grand Forks, {{circa|1912}}]]

Prior to settlement by Europeans, the area where the city developed, at the forks of the Red River and Red Lake River for thousands of years, had been an important meeting and trading point for [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]. Early French explorers, fur [[Trapping|trappers]], and traders called the area ''Les Grandes Fourches,'' meaning "The Grand Forks". By the 1740s, French fur trappers relied on ''Les Grandes Fourches'' as an important [[trading post]]. This was French colonial territory.<ref name="history"/>

The United States acquired the territory from British [[Rupert's Land]] with the [[Treaty of 1818]], but indigenous tribes {{which|date=January 2021}} dominated the area until the late 19th century. After years of warfare, the United States made treaties to extinguish the land claims of the [[Ojibwe]] and other {{which|date=January 2021}} Native American peoples. When a U.S. post office was established on the site on June 15, 1870, the name was changed to the English "Grand Forks".<ref name="history"/> [[Alexander Griggs]], a steamboat captain, is regarded as "The Father of Grand Forks".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prairiepublic.org/programs/datebook/bydate/03/1003/102603.jsp |title=Dakota Datebook, October 20, 2003: Griggs and Grand Forks |access-date=June 8, 2007 |work=North Dakota Public Radio |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155618/http://www.prairiepublic.org/programs/datebook/bydate/03/1003/102603.jsp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = September 30, 2007}}</ref> Griggs' steamboat froze in the Red River on a voyage in late 1870, forcing the captain and his crew to spend the winter camping at Grand Forks. Griggs [[plat]]ted a community in 1875, and Grand Forks was officially incorporated on February 22, 1881.<ref name="history"/>

Thousands of settlers were attracted to the [[Dakota Territory]] in the 1870s and 1880s for its cheap land, and the population began to rise.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} Many established small family farms, but some investors bought thousands of acres for [[bonanza farm]]s, where they supervised the cultivation and harvesting of wheat as a commodity crop. The city grew quickly after the arrival of the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]] in 1880 and the [[Northern Pacific Railway]] in 1887.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://grandforkshistory.com/index_files/page0002.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709064623/http://www.grandforkshistory.com/index_files/page0002.htm |archive-date=July 9, 2007 |title=Historic Grand Forks |access-date=June 8, 2007 |work=Grand Forks County Historical Society}}</ref> In 1883, the [[University of North Dakota]] was established, six years before North Dakota was admitted as an independent state born from the [[Dakota Territory]].<ref name="und"/> Grand Forks was the site of one of the deadliest tornadoes in North Dakota's history, then called an "inland hurricane," in 1887.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=William |title=North Dakota Tornadoes Twisters and Cyclones |publisher=Valley Star Publications |year=2024 |isbn=979-8-89480-378-4 |location=Dickinson, ND |publication-date=2024 |pages=14–15}}</ref> The storm killed at least six people.<ref name=":0" />

During the first half of the 20th century, new residential neighborhoods were developed south and west of [[downtown Grand Forks]]. In the 1920s, the [[public ownership|state-owned]] [[North Dakota Mill and Elevator]] was constructed on the city's north side.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndmill.com/history.cfm |title=History |access-date=June 8, 2007 |work=North Dakota Mill and Elevator |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153224/https://www.ndmill.com/history.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1954, Grand Forks was chosen as the site for an [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] base.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://public.grandforks.amc.af.mil/documents/History2003.pdf |title=History of the Grand Forks Air Force Base |access-date=June 5, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060319162551/http://public.grandforks.amc.af.mil/documents/History2003.pdf |archive-date=March 19, 2006 }}</ref> [[Grand Forks Air Force Base]] brought thousands of new jobs and residents to the community. The military base and the University of North Dakota became integral to the city's economy. With construction of federal highways, during the postwar years residential and business development became suburbanized, spreading to new areas as land was available.<ref name="history"/> [[Interstate 29]] was built on the western side of the city, and two enclosed shopping malls—[[Grand Cities Mall|South Forks Plaza]] and [[Columbia Mall (Grand Forks)|Columbia Mall]]—were built on the south side.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/og1242.html |title=Grand Forks, Mayor's Office |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=University of North Dakota |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071219205828/http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/og1242.html |archive-date = December 19, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:1997 Red River Flood Grand Forks.jpg|thumb|right|The Red River in flood in April 1997]]

The Red River had a history of seasonal flooding, aggravated by the broad ancient lake bed that formed the [[Red River Valley]]. The [[1997 Red River flood]] caused extensive damage in the city. Fargo was upstream from the bulk of the flood waters that season, and [[Winnipeg]] had built an extensive system of flood control structures in the 1960s. In 1997, Grand Forks suffered the most damage of any major city in the Red River Valley. During the height of the flooding, a major fire destroyed 11 buildings in the downtown area. The government began developing a new [[levee]] system to protect the city, which was completed 10 years later. It required the relocation of numerous residents, as some neighborhoods were emptied for this construction.

The floodplain bordering the Red River was later converted into a large park known as the [[Greater Grand Forks Greenway]]. This provided new recreation space for city residents on both sides of the river, as well as space for future floodwaters to be absorbed naturally by trees and other plants, without damage to infrastructure.

New public and private developments have continued to expand Grand Forks's footprint since the 1997 flood. Two new, large sports venues opened in 2001: the [[Alerus Center]]<ref name="alerus"/> and the [[Ralph Engelstad Arena]].<ref name="rea"/> Six years later, the [[Winnipeg]]-based [[Canad Inns]] hotel chain added a 13-story hotel and waterpark connected to the Alerus Center.<ref name="canad">{{cite web |url=http://www.canadinns.com/grandforks/
|title=Grand Forks |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=Canad Inns |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070601022917/http://www.canadinns.com/grandforks/ |archive-date = June 1, 2007}}</ref> Grand Forks also surpassed pre-flood level population, area employment, and taxable sales in 2007.<ref name="postflood">{{cite web|url=https://www.minneapolisfed.org/pubs/fedgaz/06-09/cover.cfm |title=High and dry |access-date=June 8, 2007 |work=Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220003246/http://www.minneapolisfed.org/pubs/fedgaz/06-09/cover.cfm |archive-date=December 20, 2007 }}</ref>

==Geography==
[[Image:Egf-confluence.jpg|thumb|left|The confluence of the Red and Red Lake Rivers]]
[[Image:redrivergrandforkscairn.jpg|upright|thumb|Flood memorial]]
Grand Forks is {{convert|74|mi|km}} north of the [[Fargo-Moorhead]] area and {{convert|145|mi|km}} south of [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitgrandforks.com/main.php/meeting_location |title=Travel to Grand Forks, ND and East Grand Forks, MN |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=Greater Grand Forks Convention & Visitors Bureau |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070530221555/http://www.visitgrandforks.com/main.php/meeting_location <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=May 30, 2007 }}</ref> Grand Forks is on the western bank of the [[Red River of the North]] in an area known as the [[Red River Valley]]. The term "forks" refers to the forking of the Red River with the [[Red Lake River]] near downtown Grand Forks.<ref name="history"/> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has an area of {{convert|29.318|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|29.120|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.198|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2024"/> Since it is in one of the flattest parts of the world, the city has few differences in elevation.<ref name="redriver"/> There are no lakes within the city limits of Grand Forks, but the meandering Red River and the English Coulee flow through the community and provide some break in the terrain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.und.nodak.edu/aboutund/landmarks.html |title=Campus landmarks |access-date=June 8, 2007 |work=University of North Dakota |archive-date=December 19, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219205810/http://www.und.nodak.edu/aboutund/landmarks.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Red River Valley is the result of an ancient glacier carving its way south during the last ice age. Once the glacier receded, it formed a glacial lake called [[Lake Agassiz]]. The valley is formed from the ancient lake bed. The ancient beaches can still be seen as rolling hills west of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.und.edu/instruct/eng/fkarner/pages/rebound.htm |title=The Red River Valley: Tilted Shorelines and Rebounding Lake Beds |access-date=June 8, 2007 |work=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208044926/http://www.und.edu/instruct/eng/fkarner/pages/rebound.htm |archive-date=December 8, 2006 }}</ref>

===Cityscape===
{{See also|Downtown Grand Forks|University Village, Grand Forks, North Dakota}}
[[File:DowntownGrandForksMap.png|right|upright=1.2|thumb|Map of downtown Grand Forks]]
Grand Forks has several distinct neighborhoods. The area adjacent to the Red River developed first; this is where some of the oldest neighborhoods, including the downtown area, can be found. The area between downtown and the University of North Dakota campus was another early growth area, and historic properties can be found here, as well.

Downtown Grand Forks contains many recognized historic buildings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grandforksgov.com/Urban/National_Register.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places |access-date=December 24, 2005 |work=City of Grand Forks, North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014220915/http://www.grandforksgov.com/Urban/National_Register.pdf |archive-date=October 14, 2013 }}</ref> It is the governmental center of the city and county. It is also used as a gathering place for large community events and festivals. A farmer's market takes place every Saturday from mid-June to mid-September in the Town Square at the corner of 3rd Street S. and DeMers Avenue.<ref name="farmersmarket">{{cite web |url=http://www.visitgrandforks.com/main.php/family |title=Family Fun |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=Greater Grand Forks Convention & Visitors Bureau |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070530221601/http://www.visitgrandforks.com/main.php/family |archive-date=May 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In 2006, city leaders and developers announced plans to convert older office buildings into high-end [[Condominium (living space)|condos]] and [[apartment]]s, and to construct new buildings for the same purpose to provide for residents downtown.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tran|first=Tu-Uyen|title=DOWNTOWN GRAND FORKS: Apartment construction to start in October|work=Grand Forks Herald|date=August 11, 2006}}</ref> Directly south of downtown, the streets of the [[Grand Forks Near Southside Historic District|Near Southside Historic District]] are lined with classic houses.<ref name="nearsouthside">{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/ND/Grand+Forks/districts.html |title=Grand Forks County – Historic Districts |access-date=June 8, 2007 |work=National Register of Historic Places |archive-date=November 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113042635/http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/ND/Grand+Forks/districts.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Reeves Drive was once one of the city's most fashionable neighborhoods. It has many historic mansions exhibiting several unique architectural styles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.draves.com/gf/gfreeves.htm |title=Reeves Drive |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=Draves.com |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153207/http://www.draves.com/gf/gfreeves.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> This neighborhood has areas of original granitoid paving, several historic churches, and Lincoln Drive Park. The Near Southside neighborhood has been designated as a "national historic district" and is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nearsouthside"/>

The newer neighborhoods of Grand Forks developed in the city's southern and western parts. The 32nd Avenue South corridor has been the commercial center of the city since 1978, when the [[Columbia Mall (Grand Forks)|Columbia Mall]] opened. Many [[Big-box store|big box]] stores and restaurants are now along the avenue.<ref name="shopping">{{cite web |url=http://www.visitgrandforks.com/main.php/destinations |title=Shopping Destinations in Grand Forks, ND and East Grand Forks, MN |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=Greater Grand Forks Convention & Visitors Bureau |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070530221443/http://www.visitgrandforks.com/main.php/destinations |archive-date=May 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> A large strip mall, called the Grand Forks Marketplace, opened in 2001 near the Columbia Mall.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.labelscar.com/north-dakota/south-forks-plaza |title=South Forks Plaza (currently Grand Cities Mall); Grand Forks, North Dakota |date=July 27, 2006 |access-date=June 1, 2020 |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153220/http://www.labelscar.com/north-dakota/south-forks-plaza |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[University Village, Grand Forks, North Dakota|University Village]] is a new commercial district built on vacant lands owned by the University of North Dakota.<ref name="shopping"/><ref>{{cite web|author=LeAnna Anderson |url=http://www.undalumni.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?&pid=397&srcid=243#story2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807221346/http://www.undalumni.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?&pid=397&srcid=243 |archive-date=August 7, 2007 |title=UND's New Neighborhood |access-date=June 11, 2007 |date=September 28, 2000 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead }}</ref> The centerpiece of the Village is the Ralph Engelstad Arena, used by the university's [[University of North Dakota men's ice hockey|North Dakota men's ice hockey team]]. All the buildings in the village have been built in a style similar style to those on the nearby UND campus. Restaurants and retail stores, as well as the university bookstore, were developed in the area to stimulate community life. In 2006, the university opened a new wellness center for its students on the village's west side.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wellness.und.edu/?page=16 |title=Wellness Center |access-date=June 8, 2007 |work=University of North Dakota |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153212/https://und.edu/student-life/health-wellness.html?page=16 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of Grand Forks, North Dakota}}

Due to its location in the [[Great Plains]] and its distance from both mountains and oceans, Grand Forks has a [[warm-summer humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfb''),<ref name=Peel>{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson, B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |issn=1027-5606 |access-date=May 19, 2015 |archive-date=February 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229181440/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref> USDA [[Hardiness zone|Plant Hardiness Zone]] 4a.<ref name=USDA>{{cite map |url= http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/ |title= USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |publisher= United States Department of Agriculture |access-date= May 10, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140227032333/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/ |archive-date= February 27, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> It has four very distinct seasons and great variation in temperatures over very short periods of time. Its location in the flat Red River Valley makes the city susceptible to spring flooding from the Red River of the North, and year-round windy conditions.

As there are no nearby mountain ranges or bodies of water to ameliorate the climatic conditions, Grand Forks lies exposed to numerous weather systems, including bitterly cold Arctic high pressure systems. The city has long, very cold, and snowy winters. Summers are often warm to hot and often quite humid with frequent thunderstorms. Although warm weather normally ends soon after [[Labor Day (United States)|Labor Day]], a few warm days sometimes occur as late as October. Spring and autumn are short and highly variable seasons. Record temperature extremes range from {{convert|-43|F|0}} on January 11, 1912, to {{convert|109|F|0}} on July 12, 1936.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.crh.noaa.gov/fgf/scripts/localdata.php?loc=appcli&data=fgfclmyer |title= THE GRAND FORKS UNIV. (NWS) CLIMATE SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR OF 2011 |publisher= National Weather Service |access-date= October 30, 2012 |archive-date= April 29, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130429044208/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/fgf/scripts/localdata.php?loc=appcli&data=fgfclmyer |url-status= live }}</ref>

The daily mean temperatures of the Grand Forks winters are associated with subarctic climates with frequent subzero temperatures. Due to the extended warm period of daily means above {{convert|50|F|C}} from May to September, the city's climate is still classified within the warm-summer humid continental temperature range. Although its summers are warm, Grand Forks has experienced subfreezing temperatures in all 12 months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=575727&cityname=Grand-Forks-North-Dakota-United-States-of-America|title=Grand Forks North Dakota Temperature Averages|publisher=Weatherbase|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=November 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153233/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=575727&cityname=Grand-Forks-North-Dakota-United-States-of-America|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Grand Forks, North Dakota weatherbox}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 1705
|1890= 4979
|1900= 7682
|1910= 12478
|1920= 14010
|1930= 17112
|1940= 20228
|1950= 26836
|1960= 34451
|1970= 39008
|1980= 43765
|1990= 49425
|2000= 49321
|2010= 52838
|2020= 59166
|estyear=2023
|estimate=58921
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=October 21, 2024|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 21, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref><br>2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
}}

As of the 2022 [[American Community Survey]], there are 25,487 estimated households in Grand Forks with an average of 2.15 persons per household. The city has a median household income of $59,079. Approximately 16.4% of the city's population lives at or below the [[Poverty in the United States|poverty line]]. Grand Forks has an estimated 70.1% employment rate, with 39.0% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 95.5% holding a high school diploma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Grand Forks city, North Dakota|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/grandforkscitynorthdakota/PST045223|access-date=October 21, 2024|website=www.census.gov|language=en}}</ref>

The top nine reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were German (28.3%), Norwegian (25.6%), Irish (8.1%), English (4.9%), French (except Basque) (3.7%), Polish (3.1%), Subsaharan African (2.2%), Italian (1.4%), and Scottish (1.4%).

The median age in the city was 29.1 years.

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Grand Forks, North Dakota – racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
! Race / ethnicity <small>(''NH = non-Hispanic'')</small>
! Pop. 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Grand Forks city, North Dakota|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?g=160XX00US3832060|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=October 21, 2024}}</ref>
! Pop. 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Grand Forks city, North Dakota|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US3832060&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=October 21, 2024}}</ref>
! {{partial|Pop. 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Grand Forks city, North Dakota|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US3832060&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=October 21, 2024}}</ref>
! % 2000
! % 2010
! {{partial|% 2020}}
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
| 45,534
| 46,525
| style='background: #ffffe6; |46,635
| 92.32%
| 88.05%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |78.82%
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
| 412
| 1,037
| style='background: #ffffe6; |2,782
| 0.84%
| 1.96%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |4.70%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
| 1,314
| 1,458
| style='background: #ffffe6; |1,528
| 2.66%
| 2.76%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |2.58%
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
| 471
| 1,169
| style='background: #ffffe6; |2,356
| 0.95%
| 2.21%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |3.98%
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
| 28
| 19
| style='background: #ffffe6; |31
| 0.06%
| 0.04%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.05%
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
| 28
| 26
| style='background: #ffffe6; |148
| 0.06%
| 0.05%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.25%
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or multiracial]] (NH)
| 613
| 1,131
| style='background: #ffffe6; |2,733
| 1.24%
| 2.14%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |4.62%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
| 921
| 1,473
| style='background: #ffffe6; |2,953
| 1.87%
| 2.79%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |4.99%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''49,321'''
|'''52,838'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''59,166'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 59,166 people, 25,446 households, and 12,305 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Grand%20Forks%20city,%20North%20Dakota%20p16&y=2020 |access-date=February 23, 2024 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> The [[population density]] was {{convert|2121.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 27,718 housing units at an average density of {{convert|993.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 80.62% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 4.77% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2.84% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 4.01% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.05% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.42% from some other races and 6.28% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 4.99% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How many people live in Grand Forks city, North Dakota |url=https://data.usatoday.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/grand-forks-city-north-dakota/160-3832060/ |access-date=October 21, 2024 |publisher=USA Today}}</ref>

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 52,838 people, 22,260 households, and 11,275 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2654.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 23,449 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1177.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 89.67% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.01% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2.87% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.23% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]] (0.72% [[Bhutanese Americans|Bhutanese]], 0.67% [[Chinese Americans|Chinese]], 0.40% [[Indian Americans|Indian]], 0.36% [[Filipino Americans|Filipino]]), 0.04% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.73% from some other races and 2.45% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 2.79% of the population.

There were 22,260 households, of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 49.3% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.87.

The median age in the city was 28.4 years. 18.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 24.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 21.7% were from 45 to 64; and 10.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.2% male and 48.8% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]], there were 49,321 people, 19,677 households, and 11,058 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2563.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 20,838 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1082.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 93.35% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.86% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2.75% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.96% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.06% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.58% from some other races and 1.44% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 1.87% of the population.

The top six ancestry groups in the city are [[Norwegians|Norwegian]] (36.4%), German (34.7%), Irish (10.6%), French (6.5%), [[Polish people|Polish]] (6.2%), English (6.1%). There were 21.4% under the age of 18, 22.9% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.2 males.

Of the 19,677 households, 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.8% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.96. The median income for a household in the city was $34,194, and the median income for a family was $47,491. Males had a median income of $30,703 versus $21,573 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $18,395. About 9.3% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 14.6% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

==Economy==
The economy of Grand Forks is not dominated by any one industry or sector. While agriculture continues to play a role in the area's economy, the city of Grand Forks now has a relatively diverse economy that includes public and private employers in sectors such as education, defense, health care, manufacturing, and food processing.<ref name="community"/><ref name="employers"/> The state and federal governments are two of the largest employers in the Grand Forks area. The University of North Dakota, in the heart of the city, is the largest employer in the metropolitan area.<ref name="employers"/> Grand Forks Air Force Base, just west of the city, employs a large number of civilian workers in addition to its military personnel. [[Altru Health System]] is the largest private employer in Grand Forks.<ref name="employers"/>

===Largest employers===
According to the city's 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grandforksgov.com/home/showpublisheddocument/48180/638235463926970000|title=City of Grand Forks 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report|format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]|page=212|access-date=October 2, 2023}}</ref> the largest employers in the city are:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Employer
! Number of employees
|-
|1
|[[University of North Dakota]]
|5,562
|-
|2
|[[Altru Health System]]
|3,400
|-
|3
|[[Grand Forks Air Force Base]]
|2,897
|-
|4
|[[Grand Forks Public Schools]]
|1,700
|-
|5
|City of Grand Forks
|831
|-
|6
|Valley Memorial Home
|818
|-
|7
|[[LM Wind Power]]
|560
|-
|8
|Development Homes
|480
|-
|9
|[[Hugo's]] (4 locations)
|460
|-
|10
|[[Simplot|J.R. Simplot]]
|440
|-
|Total
|—
|17,148
|}

[[Image:LMGlasfiberBlade.jpg|right|thumbnail|Employees at [[LM Glasfiber]] work on a blade for a wind turbine]]

Major manufacturers in Grand Forks include wind turbine manufacturer [[LM Glasfiber|LM Wind Fiber]]<ref name="lm">{{cite web |url=http://www.lmglasfiber.com/About/Contact.aspx |title=Contact |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=LM Glasfiber |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523075733/http://www.lmglasfiber.com/About/Contact.aspx |archive-date=May 23, 2007 }}</ref> and light aircraft manufacturer [[Cirrus Design]].<ref name="cirrus">{{cite web |url=https://cirrusaircraft.com/careers/ |title=Cirrus - Careers |access-date=June 15, 2024 |archive-date=June 1, 2007  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601202900/http://www.cirrusdesign.com/contact/employment/default.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Major food producers include potato processor [[Simplot|J. R. Simplot Company]]<ref name="simplot">{{cite web |url=http://www.simplot.com/company/food_plants.cfm#CP_JUMP_17344 |title=Food Plants |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=J.R. Simplot Company |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928122215/http://www.simplot.com/company/food_plants.cfm#CP_JUMP_17344 |archive-date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref> and the [[public ownership|state-owned]] [[North Dakota Mill and Elevator]], the nation's largest flour mill.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prairiepublic.org/programs/datebook/bydate/06/1006/103006.jsp |title=Dakota Datebook, October 30, 2006: State Mill & Elevator |access-date=June 8, 2007 |work=North Dakota Public Radio|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155628/http://www.prairiepublic.org/programs/datebook/bydate/06/1006/103006.jsp |archive-date = September 30, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> SEI Information Technologies<ref name="sei">{{cite web |url=http://www.sei-it.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970201122045/http://www.sei-it.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 1, 1997 |title=SEI |access-date=June 5, 2007 }}</ref> both operate call centers in Grand Forks. Other large private employers in the city include the locally owned [[Alerus Financial]] branch of banks, [[Home of Economy]], and the locally owned [[Hugo's]] chain of supermarkets.<ref name="hugos">{{cite web |url=http://www.gohugos.com/ |title=Hugo's |access-date=June 5, 2007 |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153219/https://www.gohugos.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The retail and service sector is also an important part of the economy. The historic center of shopping in Grand Forks was the [[Downtown Grand Forks|downtown]] area. Today, downtown is home to small shops, bars, and restaurants. The south end of Grand Forks has become another major retail district, with three large shopping centers.<ref name="shopping"/> The oldest, [[Grand Cities Mall]], is on South Washington Street and contains small, locally owned stores and two churches. With about 70 stores, the city's largest indoor mall is [[Columbia Mall (Grand Forks)|Columbia Mall]]. The newest major shopping center is the Grand Forks Marketplace [[Power center (retail)|power center mall]], which features three big box retailers and several smaller stores. Due to its proximity to Canada, the Greater Grand Forks area attracts many shoppers from [[Manitoba]].<ref name="dollar">{{cite news|last=Noronha|first=Charmaine|title=Currency goes loonie|agency=Associated Press|date=June 5, 2007|url=https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=40&article_id=39723|archive-date=March 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315152931/https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=40&article_id=39723|url-status=live}}{{Subscription required}}</ref>

===Economic development===
The city government is involved in the economic development process, helping firms grow and attracting new firms. A portion of sales tax revenues is set aside for this, some going into the Grand Forks Growth Fund.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grandforks.org/businessresources/localstateprograms.php |title=Business Resources – Local and State Programs |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=The Grand Forks Region Economic Development Corporation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630175246/http://www.grandforks.org/businessresources/localstateprograms.php |archive-date=June 30, 2007 }}</ref> Companies can request low-interest loans or grants from this fund provided they meet certain criteria, such as paying a relatively high wage and doing most of their business outside the city's trade region. The city also contributes to the Grand Forks Region Economic Development Corporation (EDC), a public-private organization that receives funding from banks and other major businesses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grandforks.org/gfredc/faq.php |title=About us |access-date=June 11, 2007 |publisher=Grand Forks Region Economic Development Corporation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630175211/http://www.grandforks.org/gfredc/faq.php |archive-date=June 30, 2007 }}</ref> The EDC plays a consulting role for businesses, such as identifying suitable sites for expansion or assembling public funding packages. Its other key role is to vet businesses to see if they are suitable for funding by the Growth Fund.

Community leaders have long seen UND as an "economic engine" for the city. Besides its regular faculty, it also has business-like components such as the [[Energy and Environmental Research Center]]. UND hosts a technology incubator called the Center for Innovation. More recently, the university has been working to commercialize its research. A major thrust in that direction is the construction of a research park on the western fringes of the campus.<ref name="und"/> Another potential economic opportunity for the city is the addition of the [[unmanned aerial vehicle]] (UAV) mission to [[Grand Forks Air Force Base]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dangwal |first=Ashish |date=September 26, 2022 |title=China's 370 Acre Project Near US Air Force Base In North Dakota Highly Concerning - General Atomics |url=https://eurasiantimes.com/chinas-370-acre-project-near-us-air-force-base-in-north-dakota/ |access-date=September 27, 2022 |website=EurAsian Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Culture==

===Arts and theatre===
Due at least in part to the presence of the [[University of North Dakota]], Grand Forks offers a variety of arts and cultural events.<ref name="arts">{{cite web |url=http://www.visitgrandforks.com/main.php/arts |title=Arts |access-date=June 11, 2007 |publisher=Greater Grand Forks Convention & Visitors Bureau |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070530221400/http://www.visitgrandforks.com/main.php/arts |archive-date=May 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.novac.org/ |title=Northern Valley Arts Council |access-date=June 5, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608165422/http://www.novac.org/ |archive-date=June 8, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.culturepulse.org/ |title=CulturePulse |access-date=June 11, 2007 |publisher=CulturePulse.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607192512/http://www.culturepulse.org/ |archive-date=June 7, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[North Dakota Museum of Art]], on the UND campus, brings many nationally touring exhibits to Grand Forks as well as the work of regional artists.<ref name="ndmoa">{{cite web |url=http://www.ndmoa.com/History.html |title=NDMOA History |access-date=June 11, 2007 |work=North Dakota Museum of Art |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813141022/http://www.ndmoa.com/History.html |archive-date=August 13, 2007 }}</ref> In addition to the Museum of Art, UND offers other gallery space for student art. UND also has Theater Arts and Music departments.<ref name="und"/> Students stage theater productions each year at the Burtness Theater on campus.<ref name="burtness">{{cite web |url=http://www.und.edu/dept/dtheater/burtness.html |title=Burtness Theater |access-date=June 11, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071018161555/http://www.und.edu/dept/dtheater/burtness.html |archive-date = October 18, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> UND's [[Chester Fritz Auditorium]] also brings music and theater events to Grand Forks, including national touring companies of [[Broadway theatre|Broadway musicals]].<ref name="cfa"/>

The Greater Grand Forks Symphony Orchestra has been performing since 1905<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ggfso.org/ |title=Greater Grand Forks Symphony Orchestra |access-date=June 11, 2007 |publisher=Greater Grand Forks Symphony Orchestra |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153221/https://www.ggfso.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Grand Forks Master Chorale was formed in 1983.<ref name="arts"/> Both groups stage productions each year at various locations in the community. The North Dakota Ballet Company is headquartered in Grand Forks and often performs at the Chester Fritz Auditorium.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://learn.aero.und.edu/organization.asp?SideBarID=30023 |title=North Dakota Ballet Company |access-date=June 11, 2007 |publisher=North Dakota Ballet Company |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153235/https://learn.aero.und.edu/pages.asp?PageID=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Grand Forks City Band was formed in 1886 and still stages shows year round.<ref name="arts"/>

The Empire Arts Center, in [[downtown Grand Forks]], is home to several cultural events throughout the year. The Empire, a 1919 movie theater, was restored after the [[Red River Flood, 1997|Flood of 1997]] and now includes performance space, a large movie screen, a gallery, and space for artists.<ref name="empire">{{cite web |url=http://www.empireartscenter.com/ |title=Empire Arts Center |access-date=June 11, 2007 |publisher=Empire Arts Center |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153234/https://www.empireartscenter.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Fire Hall Theatre, also downtown, is used by community members to put on several theater productions each year.<ref name="arts"/> The [[Summer Performing Arts Company]] (SPA) is a popular summer arts program for area K–12 students. SPA stages three major musicals mid-July.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spacompany.org/ |title=Summer Performing Arts Company |access-date=June 11, 2007 |publisher=Summer Performing Arts Company |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153237/https://www.spacompany.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Myra Museum, on Belmont Road near the [[Greater Grand Forks Greenway]], is a small history museum with exhibits that trace local history from the Ice Age, through settlement, and into the modern age. Other buildings on the Myra Museum grounds include the original 1868 Grand Forks Post Office, a 1917 one room school, and the historic Campbell House.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://grandforkshistory.com/index_files/page0001.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705233702/http://www.grandforkshistory.com/index_files/page0001.htm |archive-date=July 5, 2007 |title=Myra Museum |access-date=June 20, 2007 |publisher=Grand Forks County Historical Society }}</ref>

===Sports===

[[Image:Alerus Center.png|right|thumb|[[Alerus Center]]]]

[[College sports]] are popular in Grand Forks, with an intense following for the [[University of North Dakota]].<ref name="und"/> The [[University of North Dakota men's ice hockey|UND men's ice hockey]] team competes in the [[NCAA]] [[Division I (NCAA)|Division&nbsp;I]] level and has been the [[Frozen Four]] championship team eight times and the runner-up five times.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insidecollegehockey.com/6History/frozen_four.htm |title=Frozen Four History |access-date=June 21, 2007 |publisher=Inside College Hockey |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153228/http://www.insidecollegehockey.com/6History/frozen_four.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[University of North Dakota football|UND football]] team was the 2001 [[NCAA Division II national football championship|NCAA Division&nbsp;II champion]] and the 2003 runner-up. In 2006, the university announced that it would be moving its entire athletic program to Division&nbsp;I.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chronicle.com/news/article/1528/fighting-sioux-name-prevents-north-dakota-from-playing-against-some-teams |title='Fighting Sioux' Name Prevents North Dakota From Playing Against Some Teams |access-date=June 21, 2007 |publisher=The Chronicle |archive-date=September 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930193021/http://chronicle.com/news/article/1528/fighting-sioux-name-prevents-north-dakota-from-playing-against-some-teams |url-status=live }}</ref>

Grand Forks is home to two major indoor athletic arenas. The city-owned [[Alerus Center]] opened in 2001.<ref name="alerus"/> The Alerus Center is home to the [[University of North Dakota]] football team and also plays host to a variety of other events including major concerts. The Alerus Center is the largest arena and convention center complex in the upper Midwest area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitgrandforks.com/main.php/alerus_convention |title=Grand Forks, North Dakota Alerus Center |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=Greater Grand Forks Convention & Visitors Bureau |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517071347/http://www.visitgrandforks.com/main.php/alerus_convention <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=May 17, 2007 }}</ref> The [[University of North Dakota]] hockey teams compete in the [[Ralph Engelstad Arena]], in the [[University Village, Grand Forks, North Dakota|University Village]] district of the UND campus. "The Ralph", as it is commonly called, was funded by UND benefactor [[Ralph Engelstad]] and opened in 2001 at a cost of over {{Nowrap|$100 million}}.<ref name="rea"/> Adjacent to the Ralph Engelstad Arena is the smaller [[Betty Engelstad Sioux Center]]. "The Betty" is the home of the [[University of North Dakota]] basketball and volleyball teams.

===Recreation===
[[Image:GF-Greenway.JPG|thumb|upright|The Greater Grand Forks Greenway]]The [[Grand Forks Park District]], established in 1905, operates 14 neighborhood parks, 28 [[tennis]] courts, 2 swimming pools, and 3 splash parks. The parks include features such as playgrounds, baseball fields, softball fields, soccer fields, basketball courts, tennis courts, and picnic areas. Sertoma Park includes a [[Japanese garden]]. The Park District also operates eleven outdoor skating rinks and indoor ice arenas: Purpur Arena, Eagles Arena, Blueline Club Arena,Gambucci Arena, Rydell Arena, and Judd arena. The district also owns the Choice Health & Fitness.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gfparks.org/home.cfm?page=parks.html |title=Parks and Facilities |access-date=June 18, 2007 |publisher=Grand Forks Park District |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702212232/http://gfparks.org/home.cfm?page=parks.html <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=July 2, 2007 }}</ref>

There are several [[golf course]]s in the city and the surrounding area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.golfnow.com/course-directory/metro-areas/grand-forks-golf-courses/|title=Grand Forks Golf Courses|access-date=October 22, 2007|archive-date=November 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153236/https://www.golfnow.com/course-directory/us|url-status=live}}</ref> The Park District operates the 18-hole, [[Arnold Palmer]]-designed, links style King's Walk Golf Course<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kingswalk.org/ |title=King's Walk Golf Course |access-date=June 18, 2007 |publisher=Grand Forks Park District |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153236/https://www.kingswalk.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the historic, 9-hole Lincoln Golf Course.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gfparks.org/home.cfm?page=golf.html |title=Lincoln Golf Course |access-date=June 18, 2007 |publisher=Grand Forks Park District |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070412213412/http://www.gfparks.org/home.cfm?page=golf.html <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=April 12, 2007 }}</ref> The [[University of North Dakota]] operated the 9-hole Ray Richards Golf Course. However were forced to sell the course in 2016 leaving it abandoned but reopened in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rrgc.und.edu/ |title=Ray Richards Golf Course |access-date=June 18, 2007 |publisher=University of North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618112215/http://www.rrgc.und.edu/ |archive-date=June 18, 2007 }}</ref> The 18-hole Grand Forks Country Club is directly south of the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gfcountryclub.com/ |title=Welcome |access-date=June 18, 2007 |publisher=Grand Forks Country Club |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153233/http://www.gfcountryclub.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> There are also golf courses in nearby [[East Grand Forks, Minnesota]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.minnesotagolf.com/tee_times_online/Region5.asp?Region=5 |title=Course Directory |access-date=June 6, 2007 |work=Minnesota Golf |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153233/https://minnesotagolf.com/tee_times_online/Region5.asp?Region=5 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Manvel, North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.golflink.com/golf-courses/course.aspx?course=1450256 |title=Manvel River's Edge Golf Course |access-date=June 5, 2007 |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153236/https://www.golflink.com/golf-courses/nd/manvel/whispering-oaks-golf-club |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Greater Grand Forks Greenway]] is a large park that runs the length of the [[Red River of the North|Red River]] in the city. It includes an extensive path system, large festival grounds, ski trails, and wildflower gardens.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grandforksgov.com/greenway/index.htm |title=The Greenway |access-date=June 18, 2007 |publisher=City of Grand Forks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616051219/http://www.grandforksgov.com/greenway/index.htm <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=June 16, 2007 }}</ref> Including the Greenway, the [[Andrew Hampsten]] Bikeway System in Grand Forks is over {{convert|43|mi|km}} long.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitgrandforks.com/main.php/activities |title=Activities |access-date=June 6, 2007 |work=Greater Grand Forks Convention & Visitors Bureau |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514085624/http://www.visitgrandforks.com/main.php/activities |archive-date=May 14, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> These paths are in The Greenway, next to major streets, and on the banks of the English Coulee. There are also two pedestrian/bicycle bridges that span the Red River, connecting Grand Forks' and East Grand Forks' paths.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grandforksgov.com/Planning/BikeMap_Brochure.pdf|title=Map of Grand Forks bike paths|access-date=June 5, 2007|work=City of Grand Forks, North Dakota|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717113111/http://www.grandforksgov.com/Planning/BikeMap_Brochure.pdf|archive-date=July 17, 2011}}</ref>

<span id="University Park"></span>University Park is one of the parks with an adjacent school, [[West Elementary School]] (1949), which was deliberately sited there to help serve the students' recreational and exercise needs.<ref name=nrhpdoc-West>{{cite web|url=https://www.gfpreservation.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Mid-century-Schools-Nomination-final-combined.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: West Elementary School / SITS # 32 GF 3636 |publisher=GFPreservation.Com|author=Susan Caraher |date=June 22, 2020 |access-date=January 19, 2022}} 36 pages including 14 photos (pages 34-69 of 211 page PDF).</ref>

==Government==
[[Image:Grandforkscityhall.jpg|right|thumb|Grand Forks City Hall]]
{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; float:right; margin: .5em;"
|+ '''City government:'''<ref name="citycouncil">{{cite web |url=https://www.grandforksgov.com/government/city-leadership/city-council |title=City Council |access-date=May 26, 2023 |work=City of Grand Forks, North Dakota}}</ref>
|-
| '''Mayor''' || [[Brandon Bochenski]]
|-
| '''Ward 1''' || Danny Weigel
|-
| '''Ward 2''' || Rebecca Osowski
|-
| '''Ward 3''' || Tricia Berg
|-
| '''Ward 4''' || Tricia Lunski
|-
| '''Ward 5''' || Mike Fridolfs
|-
| '''Ward 6''' || Dana Sande
|-
| '''Ward 7''' || Ken Vein
|}
{{See also|List of mayors of Grand Forks, North Dakota}}
Grand Forks has a [[mayor-council government]]. The mayor, who is elected every four years, oversees the administration of city government and works directly with department heads to ensure the proper provision of services.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grandforksgov.com/gfgov/home.nsf/Pages/Mayor's+Office |title=Mayor Brown |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=City of Grand Forks, North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108103756/http://www.grandforksgov.com/gfgov/home.nsf/Pages/Mayor's+Office |archive-date=November 8, 2006 }}</ref> The mayor of Grand Forks is former [[NHL]] hockey player and real estate developer [[Brandon Bochenski]]. Bochenski defeated Michael Brown in the June 9, 2020, mayoral election.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.grandforksherald.com/news/government-and-politics/6529150-Bochenski-wins-Grand-Forks-mayor-election-ending-Browns-long-tenure-in-office |title=UPDATED: After Grand Forks mayoral win, Bochenski spends day sorting messages. 'It feels great,' he says |access-date=June 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153239/https://www.grandforksherald.com/news/government-and-politics/6529150-Bochenski-wins-Grand-Forks-mayor-election-ending-Browns-long-tenure-in-office |url-status=live }}</ref> Brown served as mayor from 2000 to 2020.

The city is divided into seven wards, with each ward electing a council member to a four-year term. The council meets twice a month and its two main committees, the Finance/Development Committee and Service/Safety Committee, each meet twice a month.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tran|first=Tu-Uyen|title=Council reform not quite new |work=Grand Forks Herald|date=April 13, 2010}}</ref> All these meetings are broadcast on a local cable channel.<ref name="citycouncil"/>

===Crime===
{{Infobox UCR
|city_name= Grand Forks
|year= 2023
|violent_crime= 157
|homicide= 0
|rape= 37
|robbery= 13
|aggravated_assault= 107
|property_crime= 1,609
|arson= 3
|burglary= 297
|larceny_theft= 1,225
|motor_vehicle_theft= 84
|source_url= https://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/LATEST/webapp/#/pages/explorer/crime/crime-trend
|source_name= 2023 FBI UCR Data
|notes= 2023 population: 58,921
}}

According to the [[Uniform Crime Report]] statistics compiled by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) in 2023, there were 157 violent crimes and 1,609 property crimes per 100,000 residents. Of these, the violent crimes consisted of 0 murders, 37 forcible rapes, 13 robberies and 107 aggravated assaults, while 297 burglaries, 1,225 larceny-thefts, 84 motor vehicle thefts and 3 acts of arson defined the property offenses.

==Education==

===Higher education===
The [[University of North Dakota]] (UND), the state's oldest university and home to its only schools of medicine and law, is at Grand Forks. UND is known for its John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences, which includes an Air Traffic Control Training program that in October 2009 the FAA ranked No.1 in the nation for the second consecutive year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aero.und.edu/News/newsitem.aspx?NewsId=881|title=UND ATC Rank|access-date=June 17, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621043550/http://www.aero.und.edu/News/newsitem.aspx?NewsId=881|archive-date=June 21, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> UND and [[North Dakota State University]] make up the [[Red River Valley Research Corridor]].<ref name="und"/>

[[Northland Community and Technical College]], a two-year school, is across the Red River in [[East Grand Forks, Minnesota|East Grand Forks]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northlandcollege.edu/about/ |title=About NCTC |access-date=June 14, 2007 |publisher=Northland Community and Technical College |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153226/http://www.northlandcollege.edu/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[University of Minnesota Crookston]] is in nearby [[Crookston, Minnesota]].

===Primary and secondary schools===
The [[Grand Forks Public Schools]] system includes the Grand Forks and [[Grand Forks Air Force Base]] school districts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gfschools.org/districts/district1|title=About Us|publisher=[[Grand Forks Public Schools]]|access-date=2024-12-01|quote=The Grand Forks and Grand Forks Air Force Base Public School Districts work together[...]}}</ref> The majority of Grand Forks is in [[Grand Forks Public School District 1]]. A small portion of the city limits is in [[Manvel Public School District 125]]<!--ELM 12000-->.<ref name=GrandForksCoSDMap2020>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st38_nd/schooldistrict_maps/c38035_grand_forks/DC20SD_C38035.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Grand Forks County, ND|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-12-01}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st38_nd/schooldistrict_maps/c38035_grand_forks/DC20SD_C38035_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> Enrollment is about 7,400. There is one singular [[Head Start (program)|Head Start]] program, ten [[elementary school]]s, a combined elementary and middle school (Twining), three [[middle school]]s (Schroeder, South, and Valley), two [[High school (North America)|high school]]s ([[Grand Forks Central High School|Central High]] and [[Red River High School|Red River High]]), an [[alternative high school]], and an adult education program.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Grand Forks Public Schools / About Grand Forks Public Schools|url=https://www.gfschools.org/domain/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gfschools.org%2Fsite%2Fdefault.aspx%3FDomainID%3D1240|access-date=December 11, 2021|website=www.gfschools.org|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Grand Forks Public Schools is governed by a nine-member board of elected representatives, separate from the city and county governments.<ref name="gfps">{{cite web |url=http://www.gfschools.org/education/components/scrapbook/default.php?sectiondetailid=694&sc_id=1154487575&PHPSESSID=33aa91ee35c2ab2b137a7ca9a3f59dbc |title=About the GFPS |access-date=June 14, 2007 |publisher=Grand Forks Public Schools |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927051600/http://www.gfschools.org/education/components/scrapbook/default.php?sectiondetailid=694&sc_id=1154487575&PHPSESSID=33aa91ee35c2ab2b137a7ca9a3f59dbc |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

There are several primary schools that are not part of the public school system, including the state-operated [[North Dakota School for the Blind]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndvisionservices.com/ |title=North Dakota Vision Services, Home Page |access-date=June 14, 2007 |publisher=North Dakota Vision Services |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153239/https://www.ndvisionservices.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> There are two [[Catholic school]]s offering classes from kindergarten through sixth grade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stmichaels.k12.nd.us/history.htm |title=St. Michael's Elementary School |access-date=June 14, 2007 |publisher=St. Michael's Elementary School | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070423010519/http://www.stmichaels.k12.nd.us/history.htm| archive-date = April 23, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.holyfamilygrandforks.parishesonline.com/scripts/HostedSites/org.asp?p=17&ID=12945 |title=School |access-date=June 14, 2007 |publisher=Holy Family Parish |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928045349/http://www.holyfamilygrandforks.parishesonline.com/scripts/HostedSites/org.asp?p=17&ID=12945 |archive-date=September 28, 2007 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The only private high school in the metropolitan area is [[Sacred Heart High School (East Grand Forks, Minnesota)|Sacred Heart High School]], a Catholic school, in East Grand Forks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sacredheartegf.net/school/ |title=School Information |access-date=June 14, 2007 |publisher=Sacred Heart Catholic School |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153238/http://www.sacredheartegf.net/school/ |url-status=live }}</ref> There is a non-denominational Christian elementary and middle school in East Grand Forks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://riversidechristianschool.org/ |title=RCS Home Page |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=Riverside Christian School |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829231836/http://www.riversidechristianschool.org/ |archive-date=August 29, 2007 }}</ref>

[[Mid-Century Modern schools in Grand Forks, North Dakota|Six of the city's Mid-Century Modern-style schools]] were listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2020 for their architecture.<ref name=mps>{{cite web|url=https://www.gfpreservation.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Mid-century-Schools-Nomination-final-combined.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation: Mid-Century Schools in Grand Forks, North Dakota, 1949-1965 MPS |publisher=GFPreservation.Com|author=Susan Caraher |date=June 22, 2020 |access-date=January 17, 2022}} 33 pages including six photos (pages 1-33 of 211 page PDF).</ref>

==Media==
{{Main|Media in Grand Forks, North Dakota}}

[[Image:HeraldClockTower.jpg|upright|thumb|The clock tower of the ''Herald'' building in [[downtown Grand Forks]]]]

The ''[[Grand Forks Herald]]'' is the major daily newspaper serving Grand Forks<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grandforksherald.com/ |title=Grand Forks Herald |access-date=June 18, 2007 |publisher=Grand Forks Herald |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153224/https://www.grandforksherald.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the second most widely circulated newspaper in [[North Dakota]] with a daily circulation of around 31,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.forumcomm.com/articles/?page=06072006 |title=Forum Communications buys Grand Forks Herald, Duluth News Tribune |access-date=June 21, 2007 |publisher=Forum Communications |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222623/http://www.forumcomm.com/articles/?page=06072006 |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref> ''The Exponent'' is a weekly newspaper published in [[East Grand Forks, Minnesota]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.page1publications.com/exponent |title=Exponent |access-date=June 18, 2007 |publisher=The Exponent |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070521221743/http://www.page1publications.com/exponent |archive-date = May 21, 2007}}</ref> The [[University of North Dakota]] also has its own student-published newspaper called ''[[The Dakota Student]]'', which is published twice weekly during the school year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dakotastudent.com/ |title=The Dakota Student |access-date=June 18, 2007 |publisher=The Dakota Student |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153225/https://dakotastudent.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The major [[AM band|AM radio]] station in Grand Forks is [[KNOX (AM)|KNOX]] 1310, which is a [[talk radio|news and talk station]], also heard at 107.9 [[FM band|FM]]. Nonprofit [[KWTL]] 1370 AM broadcasts [[Catholic radio|Catholic programming]], also heard at 92.5 FM. Other [[commercial radio|commercial]] AM radio stations include [[Sports radio|sports station]] [[KKXL (AM)|KKXL-AM]] 1440; [[classic rock]] station [[KGFK (AM)|KGFK]] 1590, also heard at 95.7 FM; and [[talk radio|news/talk]] [[KROX (AM)|KROX]] 1260, also heard at 92.1 FM. The city's [[FM band|FM]] stations include [[National Public Radio|NPR]] affiliates [[KUND-FM]] 89.3, [[KFJM]] 90.7, [[KQMN]] 91.5, and [[KNTN]] 102.7. Other nonprofit FM stations include [[K-Love]]'s [[KLDQ|K237ER]] 95.3; and [[3ABN]]'s [[KOBT-LP]] 101.3. [[commercial radio|Commercial]] [[FM band|FM]] stations include [[active rock]] station [[KJKJ]] 107.5; [[contemporary hit radio|top 40/CHR]] stations [[KKXL-FM]] 92.9 and [[KZGF]] 94.7; [[country music|country]] stations [[KSNR]] 100.3 and [[KYCK]] 97.1; [[adult contemporary]] station [[KZLT-FM]] 104.3; [[contemporary Christian music]] station [[KKEQ|KKEQ (K285BG)]] 104.9, and [[classic hits]] station [[KQHT]] 96.1.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tvradioworld.com/region1/nd/radio.asp?m=gra |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221043742/http://radiostationworld.com/Locations/United_States_of_America/North_Dakota/radio.asp?m=gra |archive-date=December 21, 2007 |title= North Dakota – Radio Broadcasting Stations |access-date=December 27, 2007|work=RadioStationWorld }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radioandrecords.com/RRRatings/DetailsPage.aspx?MID=296&RY=2006&RQ=4&MP=0&OTHER=2&MN=Grand%20Forks&MS=ND&MR=289&12P=83300&UP=2/1/2007%2012:00:00%20AM&SU=C&BPER=&HPER=&OPER=&NSD=&CE=0 |title=Grand Forks Arbitron Ratings |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=Radio and Records |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219200337/http://www.radioandrecords.com/RRRatings/DetailsPage.aspx?MID=296&RY=2006&RQ=4&MP=0&OTHER=2&MN=Grand%20Forks&MS=ND&MR=289&12P=83300&UP=2%2F1%2F2007%2012%3A00%3A00%20AM&SU=C&BPER=&HPER=&OPER=&NSD=&CE=0 |archive-date=December 19, 2007 }}</ref>

Grand Forks is part of the Fargo [[List of United States television markets|television market]], covering eastern North Dakota and western Minnesota. Major television affiliates include [[WDAZ-TV]] (ABC), [[KXJB-LD|K30LR-D]] (CBS), [[KBRR-TV]] (FOX) and [[KVLY-TV]] (NBC).

==Infrastructure==

===Transportation===
[[File:GrandForksMap.png|thumb|left|Map of Grand Forks, North Dakota]]

====Public transit====
The city maintains a bus system, [[Cities Area Transit]] (CAT). It has operated since 1926, when it was introduced to replace an earlier [[tram|streetcar]] system. There are 12 bus routes, including night service and service in [[East Grand Forks, Minnesota|East Grand Forks]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grandforksgov.com/bus/HISTORY.pdf |title=History of CAT |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=City of Grand Forks, North Dakota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627162245/http://www.grandforksgov.com/bus/HISTORY.pdf |archive-date=June 27, 2007 }}</ref>

Intercity bus service to the city is provided by [[Jefferson Lines]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jeffersonlines.com/bus-stops/north-dakota/|title=North Dakota Bus Stops|access-date=July 20, 2023}}</ref>

====Rail====
The [[BNSF Railway]] runs track in several directions in and around the city. [[Amtrak]] passenger service on the ''[[Empire Builder]]'' line heads westbound daily at {{Nowrap|5:34 am}} and eastbound daily at {{Nowrap|2:10 am}}. The ''Empire Builder'' stops at the [[Grand Forks (Amtrak station)|Grand Forks Amtrak station]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amtrak.com/stations/gfk|title=Stations – Grand Forks, ND (GFK)|work=Amtrak|access-date=October 2, 2023}}</ref>

====Air====
[[Grand Forks International Airport]] (GFK, KGFK) is served by [[Delta Air Lines]] with several daily round trips to [[Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport]] and by [[Allegiant Air]], which operates flights a few times a week to [[Mesa, Arizona]] (Phoenix-Gateway), [[Sanford, Florida]] (Orlando-Sanford), and [[Las Vegas, Nevada]]. A passenger terminal completed in 2011 allows more passengers to come through the airport, improves circulation, has a baggage claim and addresses security and safety concerns. The airport was a major distribution center for [[FedEx]], which conducts flights daily within the state and northern Minnesota, until FedEx moved its flight operations to Fargo in 2016. The airport is one of the busiest in the country, due in large measure to the presence of UND's [[John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gfkairport.com/html/02_airservice.html |title=Airport Information |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=Grand Forks International Airport (GFK)| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070601014616/http://www.gfkairport.com/html/02_airservice.html| archive-date = June 1, 2007}}</ref>

====Streets and roads====
Within the city, roads that run north to south are generally called "streets" and roads that run east to west are generally called "avenues". Streets are numbered in blocks west of the [[Red River of the North|Red River]]. Avenues are numbered in blocks north or south of DeMers Avenue, the city's historic dividing route next to the railyards.<ref name="mapquest"/>

Three federal highways pass through Grand Forks: [[U.S. Route 2 in North Dakota|U.S. Route 2]], [[Interstate 29 in North Dakota|Interstate 29]], and [[U.S. Route 81 in North Dakota|U.S. Route 81]]. U.S. Highway 2, known as Gateway Drive in the city, runs east to west through the northern part of town and is a four-lane highway. The highway is the primary connection between Grand Forks, [[East Grand Forks, Minnesota|East Grand Forks]], the [[Grand Forks Air Force Base]], [[Grand Forks International Airport]], and [[Crookston, Minnesota]]. Interstate 29 runs north to south along the western part of the city, officially multiplexed with U.S. Highway 81 in the Grand Forks area. The U.S. Highway 81 business route, Washington Street and 32nd Avenue, runs through many of the city's major commercial districts.<ref name="mapquest">{{cite web |url=http://www.mapquest.com/maps/map.adp?searchtype=address&country=US&addtohistory=&searchtab=home&formtype=address&popflag=0&latitude=&longitude=&name=&phone=&level=&cat=&address=&city=grand+forks&state=nd&zipcode= |title=Map of Grand Forks, ND |access-date=June 5, 2007 |work=MapQuest |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153245/https://www.mapquest.com/us/nd/grand-forks-282021348 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Healthcare===
With over 4,100 employees and nearly 300 physicians and advanced practice providers (nurse practitioners and physician assistants), [[Altru Health System]] is the main provider of health care in Greater Grand Forks and the surrounding region. Serving more than 220,000 residents in northeast North Dakota and northwest Minnesota, Altru provides an array of services. As the first member of the Mayo Clinic Care Network, Altru's providers have access to clinically integrated tools extending Mayo Clinic's knowledge and expertise to patients. Altru is also Grand Forks's largest private employer.<ref name="employers"/> Offering all private patient rooms, Altru's Columbia Road Campus includes Altru Hospital (257 beds), Altru Rehabilitation Center (20 beds) and multiple clinics. Altru's South Washington Medical Park features Altru Specialty Center (45 beds), Altru Professional Center and Yorhom Medical Essentials.

The Sanny and Jerry Ryan Center for Prevention and Genetics, housed in Choice Health & Fitness, encourages people to consider preventive measures before it becomes medically necessary to seek care. It is the first of its kind in the region. Truyu Aesthetic Center, with locations in Grand Forks, East Grand Forks and across the region, offers surgical and non-surgical procedures, services and products under Altru's support. Altru is the result of a 1997 merger of United Hospital (formerly Deaconess and St. Michael's Hospitals) and the Grand Forks Clinic.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.altru.org/app/files/public/7519/pdf-8315-0027.pdf |title=Altru Quick Facts |access-date=November 30, 2014 |publisher=Altru Health System |archive-date=January 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118145749/http://www.altru.org/app/files/public/7519/pdf-8315-0027.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Grand Forks is also home to several long-term care facilities, serving many of the area's elderly:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ndltca.org/?id=119 |title=North Dakota Long Term Care Association - Region 2 |access-date=January 23, 2019 |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153230/http://www.ndltca.org/?id=119 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [https://www.valleymemorial.org/ Valley Memorial Homes], [http://www.stannesguesthome.org/ St. Anne's], [https://www.edgewoodhealthcare.com/community/edgewood-parkwood-in-grand-forks/ Edgewood Parkwood Place], and [https://web.archive.org/web/20190123071744/https://www.lifeatmapleview.com/locations/grand-forks/ Maple View Memory Care].

==Notable people==
{{Main|List of people from Grand Forks, North Dakota}}

==Sister cities==
[[File:Grand Forks County Office Building.JPG|thumb|right|Grand Forks County Office Building]]

Grand Forks [[town twinning|sister cities]]:
*[[Dickinson, North Dakota|Dickinson]], [[North Dakota]], US
*[[Sarpsborg]], Norway
*[[Awano, Tochigi|Awano]], [[Tochigi Prefecture|Tochigi]], Japan (defunct)
*[[Ishim, Tyumen Oblast|Ishim]], [[Tyumen Oblast]], Russia (inactive)

Grand Forks has an active [[town twinning|sister city]] program designed to encourage cultural and economic exchanges.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grandforksgov.com/gfgov/home.nsf/Pages/Sister+Cities |title=Sister Cities |access-date=June 11, 2007 |publisher=City of Grand Forks |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108104108/http://www.grandforksgov.com/gfgov/home.nsf/Pages/Sister+Cities |archive-date=November 8, 2006 }}</ref> Its first sister city was [[Ishim, Tyumen Oblast|Ishim]] in the [[Soviet Union]]. That relationship formally began in 1984 during the [[Cold War]]. Sometime in the late 1990s, political and economic turmoil in Russia ended the relationship.<ref name="sister">{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Yangkyoung|title=$5 million godsend|work=Grand Forks Herald|date=May 2, 2007}}</ref> While the relationship with Ishim faded, Grand Forks found a new sister in [[Awano, Tochigi|Awano]], Japan. An informal relationship began in 1994 when the school districts of both cities began exchanging students. In 1998, the two formally proclaimed themselves sister cities. The best publicly available testament to the relationship between the two is a Japanese rock garden in Grand Forks's Sertoma Park and a sculpture of an [[American bison]] in an Awano park.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bakken|first=Ryan|title=Japanese Residents Will Dedicate New Garden|work=Grand Forks Herald| date=October 21, 2003}}</ref> The annexation of Awano by the larger city of [[Kanuma, Tochigi|Kanuma]] led to the end of the sister city relationship, but Kanuma and Grand Forks continue to partner in a yearly educational exchange of high school students.<ref>{{cite news| title = GF's family gets smaller | work = Grand Forks Herald|date = February 19, 2006 }}</ref> Grand Forks's relationship with [[Dickinson, North Dakota]], began in 2002, when delegations from each city visited the other.<ref>{{cite news|last=Davis|first=Lisa|title=Sister city delegates visit GF|work=Grand Forks Herald|date=October 19, 2003|url=http://www.prairiepublic.org/features/riverwatch/news/herald/10_19_03.html |access-date=June 5, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222447/http://www.prairiepublic.org/features/riverwatch/news/herald/10_19_03.html|archive-date=September 27, 2007}}</ref> Grand Forks Mayor [[Michael Brown (mayor)|Michael Brown]] said he thought having friends in western North Dakota, which typically has diverging interests from eastern cities, could help at the state legislature.<ref>{{cite news | last = Davis | first = Lisa | title = Sister city delegates visit GF | work = Grand Forks Herald|date = October 19, 2003 | url = http://www.prairiepublic.org/features/riverwatch/news/herald/10_19_03.html | access-date = June 5, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222447/http://www.prairiepublic.org/features/riverwatch/news/herald/10_19_03.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = September 27, 2007}}</ref> [[Sarpsborg]], [[Norway]], became a sister city in 2005 after several exchanges among leaders from both cities. The city became interested in building a relationship with Sarpsborg because many Grand Forks residents have Norwegian heritage.<ref>{{cite news | last = Tran | first = Tu-Uyen | title = Touring Norway: Year of anticipation | work = Grand Forks Herald | date = November 13, 2003 | url = https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=40&article_id=37884 | archive-date = March 15, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130315152848/https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=40&article_id=37884 | url-status = live }}{{Subscription required}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Tweton, Jerome D. (1986, reprinted 2005). ''Grand Forks, A Pictorial History'', Norfolk, Virginia: The Donning Company.
* Bladow, Eldon (Ed., 1974). ''They Came To Stay'', Grand Forks, North Dakota: Grand Forks Centennial Corporations.
* Jacobs, Mike (Ed., 1997). ''Come Hell and High Water'', Grand Forks, North Dakota: [[Knight-Ridder]].

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Grand Forks, North Dakota}}
{{Wikivoyage|Grand Forks|Grand Forks, North Dakota}}
* [https://www.grandforksgov.com/ City of Grand Forks – official website]
* [http://www.grandforksherald.com/ ''Grand Forks Herald'' website]
* [http://www.visitgrandforks.com/ Grand Forks Convention and Visitors Bureau website]
* [http://www.grandforks.org/ Grand Forks Region Economic Development Corporation (EDC)]
* [http://www.digitalhorizonsonline.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/ndsl-books&CISOPTR=3332&REC=6 City of Grand Forks, North Dakota (1952)] from the [http://digitalhorizonsonline.org/ Digital Horizons website]
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Grand Forks|Grand Forks, North Dakota}}
* [http://digitalhorizonsonline.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/ndsl-books/id/13959/rec/3 Historic Grand Forks : a walking tour guide (1986)] from the [http://digitalhorizonsonline.org/ Digital Horizons website]
* [http://digitalhorizonsonline.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/ndsl-books/id/6169/rec/10 The Future of Grand Forks : shaping the space we live in (1975)] from the [http://digitalhorizonsonline.org/ Digital Horizons website]
* [http://digitalhorizonsonline.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/ndsl-books/id/3430/rec/11 They came to stay : Grand Forks, North Dakota Centennial 1874–1974] from the [http://digitalhorizonsonline.org/ Digital Horizons website]

{{Grand Forks}}
{{Grand Forks County, North Dakota}}
{{Greater Grand Forks}}
{{North Dakota}}
{{North Dakota county seats}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Grand Forks, North Dakota| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1870]]
[[Category:Cities in Grand Forks County, North Dakota]]
[[Category:Greater Grand Forks]]
[[Category:Cities in North Dakota]]
[[Category:County seats in North Dakota]]
[[Category:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts]]
[[Category:1870 establishments in Dakota Territory]]