Editing Grace Moore

{{Short description|American operatic soprano and actress (1898–1947)}}
{{about||the Irish rugby player|Grace Moore (rugby union)}}
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{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2024}} {{Use American English|date=June 2024}}
[[File:Grace Moore.jpg|right|thumb|240px|Grace Moore in the 1930s]]

'''Mary Willie Grace Moore''' (December 5, 1898<ref>John Shearer, [http://www.chattanoogan.com/2006/7/22/89660/The-Fabulous-Grace-Moore-Collection.aspx The Fabulous Grace Moore Collection In Knoxville].  ''The Chattanoogan'', 22 July 2006.  Retrieved: 28 July 2010.  While Moore's year of birth is often given as 1901, including on her gravestone, census records and other records confirm she was born in 1898.</ref>{{spaced ndash}}January 26, 1947) was an American [[opera]]tic [[lyric soprano]] and actress in [[musical theatre]] and film.<ref name="WVobit">Obituary ''[[Variety Obituaries|Variety]]'', January 29, 1947, page  48.</ref> She was nicknamed the "Tennessee Nightingale." Her films helped to popularize opera by bringing it to a larger audience. She was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] for her performance in ''[[One Night of Love]]''.

In 1947, Moore died in a [[1947 KLM Douglas DC-3 Copenhagen accident|plane crash]] at the age of 48. She published an [[autobiography]] in 1944 titled ''You're Only Human Once''. In 1953, a film about her life was released titled ''[[So This Is Love (film)|So This Is Love]]'' starring [[Kathryn Grayson]].

==Early life==
Moore was born Mary Willie Grace Moore, the daughter of Tessa Jane ([[née]] Stokely) and Richard Lawson Moore. She was born in the community of Slabtown (now considered part of [[Del Rio, Tennessee|Del Rio]]) in [[Cocke County, Tennessee]].  By the time she was two years old, her family had relocated to [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]], a move Moore later described as traumatic.  She found urban life distasteful at the time.<ref name=neely>Jack Neely, "Grace Under Pressure."  ''From the Shadow Side'' (Oak Ridge, Tenn.: Tellico Books, 2003), pp.  167–174.</ref>  After several years in Knoxville, the family again relocated to [[Jellico, Tennessee]], where Moore spent her adolescence. After public high school in Jellico, she studied briefly at [[Ward-Belmont College]] in [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]]<ref name=Zepp>Zepp, George. [http://www.tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051026/COLUMNIST0102/105030047/-1/SPECIAL0902 Opera star trained at Ward-Belmont] ''The Tennessean'', April 26, 2006.</ref> before moving to [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], D.C., where she studied at Wilson-Greens School of Music in [[Chevy Chase, Maryland]].<ref name=Zepp/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-22 |title=Grace Moore {{!}} Opera Singer, Movie Star & Philanthropist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Grace-Moore |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> She relocated to New York in 1919 to pursue her singing career and performed there in nightclubs to help pay for singing classes.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 April 2024 |title=Grace Moore |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Grace-Moore}}</ref> Moore's first professional singing performance was at The Black Cat Café in [[Greenwich Village]].<ref name=neely /> 

==Career==

===Musical theater===
[[File:Grace-moore-plaque-jellico-tn1.jpg|thumb|Grace Moore monument in Jellico, Tennessee.]]
Grace Moore's first [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] appearance was in 1920 in the musical revue ''[[Hitchy-Koo]]'', by [[Jerome Kern]]. She also appeared in ''Suite Sixteen'', ''Just a Minute'', ''Town Gossip'', and ''Up in the Clouds''.<ref name=":0" /> In 1922 and 1923 she appeared in the second and third of [[Irving Berlin]]'s series of four [[Music Box Theatre|Music Box]] [[Revue]]s. In the 1923 edition she and [[John Steel (singer)|John Steel]] introduced Berlin's song "[[What'll I Do]]". When Moore sang "An Orange Grove in California", orange blossom perfume was wafted through the theater.<ref>New World Records, [http://www.newworldrecords.org/liner_notes/80215.pdf ''Follies, Scandals & Other Diversions: From Ziegfeld to the Shuberts'', New World NW 215, liner notes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711223239/http://www.newworldrecords.org/liner_notes/80215.pdf |date=2007-07-11 }}.</ref>

In 1932 she appeared on Broadway in the short-lived [[operetta]] ''The DuBarry'' by [[Karl Millöcker]].

===Opera===
After training in France, Moore made her operatic debut at the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in New York City on February 7, 1928, singing the role of Mimì in [[Giacomo Puccini]]'s ''[[La bohème|La&nbsp;bohème]]''. She then sang Juliette in ''Roméo et Juliette'', which led to a European tour''.'' She debuted at the [[Opéra-Comique]] in Paris on September 29, 1928 as Mimì, which she also performed in a Royal Command Performance at [[Covent Garden]] in London on June 6, 1935. During her sixteen seasons with the Metropolitan Opera, she sang in several Italian and French operas as well as the title roles in ''[[Tosca]]'', ''[[Manon]]'', and ''[[Louise (opera)|Louise]]''. ''Louise'' was her favorite opera and is widely considered to have been her greatest role. She also sang in ''Carmen'', ''Faust'', ''Pagliacci'', ''Gianni Schicchi'', and others.<ref name=":0" />

In the 1930s and 1940s she gave concert performances throughout the United States and Europe, performing a repertoire of operatic selections and other songs in German, French, Italian, Spanish, and English.  During [[World War II]], she was active in the [[USO]], entertaining American troops abroad.<ref name=Gown>Frank H. McClung Museum, {{cite web|url=http://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/objectmo/ob-9803.htm |title=Grace Moore Concert Gown |access-date=2006-11-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211070554/http://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/objectmo/ob-9803.htm |archive-date=February 11, 2007 }}. University of Tennessee, Knoxville.</ref> In 1945 she sang Mimi to [[Nino Martini]]'s Rodolfo in ''La bohème'' for the inaugural performance of the [[San Antonio Grand Opera Festival]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CE8xiT3pV6QC&pg=PT1161|title=Handbook of Texas Music|author=Laurie E. Jasinski|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|year=2012|isbn=9780876112977}}</ref>

She also performed during and after WWII in support of Allied Forces.  From the personal memoire of Lt. Gen. [[John C. H. Lee]], on 24 July 1945: "After an early dinner drove in convoy to the Paris Opera House for the gala performance entitled "Pacifique 45" given by the French for the benefit of the families of French war veterans.  The program laid particular emphasis on the war in Japan and included the showing of two films - "Fighting Lady" and "Iwo Jima" and the rendition of several songs and the French and American national anthems by Grace Moore.  Seated in the box of honor were General [[Alphonse Juin]], the French Minister of Information [[Jacques Soustelle]], and a number of important American and French officers.  It seemed to be a great success and was particularly appreciated by the crowd of some 20,000 gathered in the square outside the Opera House."

===Film===
[[File:Grace Moore birthplace marker.JPG|thumb|Historical marker noting Moore's birthplace in Del Rio, Tennessee]]

Attracted to [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] in the early years of [[sound film|talking pictures]], Moore had her first screen role as [[Jenny Lind]] in the 1930 film ''[[A Lady's Morals]]'', produced for [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]] by [[Irving Thalberg]] and directed by [[Sidney Franklin (director)|Sidney Franklin]].<ref>''New York Times'', "[http://movies2.nytimes.com/gst/movies/movie.html?v_id=98562 A Lady's Morals a.k.a Jenny Lind]" and Mordant Hall, "[http://movies2.nytimes.com/mem/movies/review.html?title1=Lady%27s%20Morals%2c%20A&title2=&reviewer=MORDAUNT%20HALL%2e&pdate=19301108&v_id=98562 The Swedish Nightingale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510081746/http://movies2.nytimes.com/mem/movies/review.html?title1=Lady%27s%20Morals%2c%20A&title2=&reviewer=MORDAUNT%20HALL%2e&pdate=19301108&v_id=98562 |date=2017-05-10 }}", ''New York Times'', November 8, 1930.</ref> Later that same year she starred with the Metropolitan Opera singer [[Lawrence Tibbett]] in ''[[New Moon (1930 film)|New Moon]]'', also produced by MGM, the first screen version of [[Sigmund Romberg]]'s operetta ''[[The New Moon]]''.

After a hiatus of several years, Moore returned to Hollywood under contract to [[Columbia Pictures]], for whom she made six films. In the 1934 film ''[[One Night of Love]]'', her first film for Columbia, she portrayed a small-town girl who aspires to sing opera. For that role she was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] in 1935. She starred in 1936 as [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]] in [[Josef von Sternberg]]'s production ''[[The King Steps Out]]''.

By this time, she was so popular that MGM was able to insist on equal billing for Moore in a projected film with [[Maurice Chevalier]], who had always enjoyed solo star billing up until then. Chevalier felt so deeply about this blow to his status that he quit Hollywood and the film was never made.<ref>''With Love, the Autobiography of Maurice Chevalier'' (Cassell, 1960), P214.</ref>

A memorable highlight of ''[[When You're in Love (film)|When You're in Love]]'' (1937) was a comic scene in which Moore donned flannel shirt and trousers and joined a 5-man band for a flamboyant rendition of [[Cab Calloway]]'s "[[Minnie the Moocher]]", complete with gestures and "hi-de-ho's", but with the lyrics slightly altered to conform with Hollywood sensibilities.<ref>Frank S. Nugent, [http://movies2.nytimes.com/mem/movies/review.html?title1=When%20You%27re%20in%20Love&title2=&reviewer=FRANK%20S%2e%20NUGENT&pdate=19370219  "'When You're in Love' Opens at the Music Hall"]{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''New York Times'', February 19, 1937.</ref> Also, she performed the popular ''[[Madama Butterfly]]'' duet "Vogliatemi bene" with American tenor [[Frank Forest]] in the 1937 film ''[[I'll Take Romance (film)|I'll Take Romance]]''.

The last film that Moore made was ''[[Louise (1939 film)|Louise]]'' (1939), an abridged version of [[Gustave Charpentier]]'s opera of the same name, with spoken dialog in place of some of the original opera's music. The composer participated in the production, authorizing the cuts and changes to the [[libretto]], coaching Moore, and advising director [[Abel Gance]]. This production also featured two renowned French singers: dramatic tenor [[Georges Thill]] and basse cantante [[André Pernet]].<ref>Bel Canto Society, {{cite web|url=http://www.belcantosociety.org/store/product_info.php?products_id=180|title=''Louise'' (DVD & VHS) |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209023629/http://www.belcantosociety.org/store/product_info.php?products_id=180 |archive-date=9 February 2007}}</ref>

==Controversies==
She was widely criticized in December 1938 when she [[curtsy|curtsied]] to the [[Wallis, Duchess of Windsor|Duchess of Windsor]], in [[Cannes]]. Upon her return to the United States after six months and ten days in Europe ("to save money in income tax"), Moore defended her curtsy, saying:
<blockquote>
She would have been a royal duchess long ago if she had not been an American. After all, she gave happiness and the courage of his convictions to one man, which is more than most women can do. She deserves a curtsy for that alone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081214200850/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,771398,00.html "People."] ''Time''. January 16, 1939.</ref>
</blockquote>

According to [[Joe Laurie Jr.]], vaudeville performer and historian, Grace Moore would not perform on vaudeville bills that included black performers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Laurie|first=Joe Jr. |author-link=Joe Laurie, Jr.|title=Vaudeville: From The Honky Tonks To The Palace|url=https://archive.org/details/vaudevillefromth013372mbp|year=1953|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|page=[https://archive.org/details/vaudevillefromth013372mbp/page/n219 202]}}</ref>

However, this is at odds with some comments by Moore herself in her autobiography.

"All along I felt that all people were born to equal opportunity because that is the way my mother and father lived their lives. And I don't mean opportunity handed out on a silver platter, but opportunity that was there without social or racial strings for anyone who had the initiative to reach and hold."<ref>{{cite book|last=Moore|first=Grace |author-link=autobiography |title=You're Only Human Once - The Autobiography of Grace Moore |publisher=Latimer House Ltd, London|year=1947|page=26}}</ref>

She also mentions being baptised in a creek at an African American Baptist church ceremony at Newcomb, Tennessee during her adolescence;<ref>{{cite book|last=Moore|first=Grace |author-link=autobiography |title=You're Only Human Once - The Autobiography of Grace Moore  |publisher=Latimer House Ltd, London|year=1947|page=30}}</ref> and that the popular African American vocal and piano duo of Turner Layton and Clarence Johnstone (ie [[Layton & Johnstone]]) performed at parties in her own flat in New York along with other showbiz connections during her early days of stardom.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moore|first=Grace |author-link=autobiography |title=You're Only Human Once - The Autobiography of Grace Moore |publisher=Latimer House Ltd, London|year=1947|page=87}}</ref>

Furthermore, the alleged incident quoted by Joe Laurie Jr.<ref>{{cite book|last=Laurie|first=Joe Jr. |author-link=Joe Laurie, Jr.|title=Vaudeville: From The Honky Tonks To The Palace|url=https://archive.org/details/vaudevillefromth013372mbp|year=1953|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|page=[https://archive.org/details/vaudevillefromth013372mbp/page/n219 202]}}</ref> about Loew's Capitol Theatre on Broadway, New York allegedly calling off a booking for Grace Moore, due to her supposed response to [[Mary Garden]] sharing a bill there with the [[Mills Brothers]], does not appear to be entirely correct. Theatre listings in the New York Times show that Mary Garden and the Mills Brothers appeared at the Capitol on 6 nights from 27th January to 1st February 1933. On those dates Grace Moore was already fully committed to a long-running stage show called 'The Dubarry' at another theatre in New York, which ran from 22nd November 1932 to 3rd February 1933, after which the production was scheduled to go on tour. A few weeks later on 31st March 1933 Grace Moore did start a 2 week booking at Loew's Capitol Theatre in New York.

==Honors==
In 1935 Moore received the gold medal award of the Society of Arts and Sciences for "conspicuous achievement in raising the standard of cinema entertainment." In 1936 King [[Christian X of Denmark]] awarded her his country's medal of 'Ingenito et Arti.' In 1937, she was commissioned as a colonel (an honorary position) on the staff of the governor of [[Tennessee]], and was also made a life member of the Tennessee State Society of Washington, D.C.  She was decorated as a chevalier of the French [[Légion d'honneur]] in 1939.<ref name=Gown/> Moore was also a member of the [[Peabody Award]]s [[The George Foster Peabody Awards Board of Jurors|Board of Jurors]] from 1940 to 1942.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peabodyawards.com/stories/story/george-foster-peabody-awards-board-members|title=George Foster Peabody Awards Board Members|website=Peabodyawards.com|access-date=9 December 2018|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101221151/http://www.peabodyawards.com/stories/story/george-foster-peabody-awards-board-members|url-status=dead}}</ref>  She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6274 Hollywood Blvd, Hollywood, Los Angeles, CA.

==Personal life==
Moore married [[Valentín Parera]], a Spanish movie actor, in Cannes, on July 15, 1931. They had 2 children. During the 1930s they maintained homes in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], [[Cannes, France|Cannes]], and [[Connecticut]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 21, 1936 |title=Grace Moore To Build Here |pages=7 |work=Evening Outlook}}</ref>

==Death==
{{further|1947 KLM Douglas DC-3 Copenhagen disaster}}
Grace Moore died at the age of 48, along with 21 other people, including Prince [[Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten|Gustaf Adolf of Sweden]], in [[1947 KLM Douglas DC-3 Copenhagen disaster|a plane crash]] near [[Copenhagen Airport]] on January 26, 1947. Moore is buried in Forest Hills Cemetery in [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]].<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19470124&id=Ef8uAAAAIBAJ&pg=6112,5069912 | title = Prince and opera star killed in plane crash | work = [[Ottawa Citizen]] | agency = [[Associated Press]] | date = 24 Jan 1947 | accessdate = 31 May 2021}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''[[A Lady's Morals]]'' (1930; later released under the title ''Jenny Lind'' in the United Kingdom and in a [[Jenny Lind (film)|French-language version]])
*''[[New Moon (1930 film)|New Moon]]'' (1930)
*''[[One Night of Love]]'' (1934)
*''[[Love Me Forever (film)|Love Me Forever]]'' (1935)
*''[[The King Steps Out]]'' (1936)
*''[[When You're in Love (film)|When You're in Love]]'' (1937)
*''[[I'll Take Romance (film)|I'll Take Romance]]'' (1937)
*''[[Louise (1939 film)|Louise]]'' (1939)
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* Binnicker, Charles M. [http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=M119 "Grace Moore" entry in ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'']
* Kenrick, John. [http://www.musicals101.com/who6d.htm ''Who's Who in Musicals'']
* New World Records, [http://www.newworldrecords.org/liner_notes/80215.pdf ''Follies, Scandals & Other Diversions: From Ziegfeld to the Shuberts'', New World NW 215, liner notes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711223239/http://www.newworldrecords.org/liner_notes/80215.pdf |date=2007-07-11 }}
* New World Records, [http://www.newworldrecords.org/liner_notes/80238.pdf ''The Vintage Irving Berlin'', New World NW 238, liner notes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412105323/http://www.newworldrecords.org/liner_notes/80238.pdf |date=2019-04-12 }}
* Siler, James Hayden. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080218084211/http://www.wvc.net/~wil/history.htm ''The History of Jellico'']. Unpublished manuscript, 1938.

==Further reading==
* Farrar, Rowena Rutherford. ''Grace Moore and Her Many Worlds''. New York: Cornwall Books, 1982. {{ISBN|0-8453-4723-3}}
* James, Janet Wilson. "Moore, Grace." In: ''Notable American Women.'' Vol. III. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971.
* Moore, Grace. ''You're Only Human Once''. 1977 (c. 1944). {{ISBN|0-405-09698-4}}
* Rasponi, Lanfranco. ''The Last Prima Donnas''. Alfred A Knopf, 1982.  {{ISBN|0-394-52153-6}}
* Parish, James Robert, and Michael R. Pitts. ''Hollywood Songsters.'' New York: Garland Publishing, 1991. {{ISBN|0-415-94334-5}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Biography}}
{{commons category|Grace Moore}}
*[http://www.gracemoore.net/ GraceMoore.net]
*{{IMDb name|0601254}}
* {{IBDB name}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070211070554/http://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/objectmo/ob-9803.htm Grace Moore Concert Gown] Biography and image of a concert gown that belonged to Moore, from [[Frank H. McClung Museum]] collection.
*[https://scout.lib.utk.edu/repositories/2/resources/1098 The Grace Moore Papers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102151117/https://scout.lib.utk.edu/repositories/2/resources/1098 |date=2021-11-02 }} Describes the collection of her papers at the University of Tennessee Libraries.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061021032959/http://www.operagloves.com/Classicstars/GraceMoore/gracemoore.html The Grace Moore Glove Gallery] A collection of images of Moore, including movie stills and advertisements.
* [http://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/1144/grace-moore Grace Moore] at Virtual History

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Moore, Grace}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century American women opera singers]]
[[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American women writers]]
[[Category:Actresses from Tennessee]]
[[Category:American musical theatre actresses]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American operatic sopranos]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Denmark]]
[[Category:People from Cocke County, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Singers from Tennessee]]
[[Category:Ward–Belmont College alumni]]
[[Category:People from Jellico, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1947]]
[[Category:Classical musicians from Tennessee]]
[[Category:American autobiographers]]
[[Category:American women autobiographers]]
[[Category:Brunswick Records artists]]
[[Category:Decca Records artists]]
[[Category:RCA Victor artists]]