Editing Golovin, Alaska

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Golovin
|native_name              = {{native name|ik|Siŋik}}<br/>{{native name|esu|Cingik}}
|other_name               = {{native name|ru|Головин}}
|settlement_type          = [[City (Alaska)|City]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = <!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Landing Fields - Alaska - Golovin - NARA - 68158828 (cropped).jpg
|imagesize                = 250px
|image_caption            = Golovin, 1941
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = <!-- Maps -->
|pushpin_map  = USA Alaska
|pushpin_map_caption  = Location in Alaska

<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Alaska]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska|Census Area]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Nome Census Area, Alaska|Nome]]
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Sierra Smyth<ref>{{Cite book|title=2015 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory|location=Juneau|publisher=Alaska Municipal League|year=2015|page=66}}</ref>
|leader_title1            = [[Alaska Senate|State senator]]
|leader_name1             = [[Donny Olson|Donald Olson]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
|leader_title2            = [[Alaska House of Representatives|State rep.]]
|leader_name2             = [[Neal Foster]] (D)
|established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date         = March 26, 1971<ref>{{cite journal|title=Directory of Borough and City Officials 1974|journal=Alaska Local Government|volume=XIII|issue=2|page=36|location=Juneau|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development|Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs]]|date=January 1974}}</ref>

<!-- Area -->
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_02.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 10.71
|area_land_km2            = 10.71
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi         = 4.13
|area_land_sq_mi          = 4.13
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 175
|timezone                 = [[Alaska Time Zone|Alaska (AKST)]]
|utc_offset               = -9
|timezone_DST             = AKDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -8
|elevation_footnotes      = 
|elevation_m              = 13
|elevation_ft             = 43
|coordinates              = {{coord|64|32|41|N|163|1|39|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type                = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 99762<ref>{{cite web|url= https://tools.usps.com/locations/details/1439404|title=Golovin AK Post Office|publisher=USPS|year=2024|access-date=December 26, 2024}}</ref>
|area_code                = [[Area code 907|907]]
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 02-29180
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = {{GNIS 4|1402760}}
|website                  = 
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_as_of = 
|pop_est_footnotes = 
|population_est = 
|population_density_sq_mi = 42.32
|unit_pref = Imperial
|population_density_km2 = 16.34
}}
'''Golovin''' (formerly '''Chinik''', from {{langx|ik|Siŋik}} or {{langx|esu|Cingik}}; {{langx|ru|Головин}}) is a city in [[Nome Census Area, Alaska]], United States. At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] the population was 156, up from 144 in 2000.

==Geography==
Golovin is located at {{coord|64|32|41|N|163|1|39|W|type:city}} (64.544612, -163.027459).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

Golovin is on a point of land between [[Golovnin Bay]] and Golovnin Lagoon on the [[Seward Peninsula]] in western [[Alaska]]. It is about {{convert|105|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of [[Nome, Alaska|Nome]].  The area receives its name from Russian Vice-Admiral  [[Vasily Golovnin|Vasily Mikhailovich Golovnin]], (1776–1831).  The town name is misspelled while the bay and lagoon retain the correct spelling.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|3.7|sqmi|km2}}, all of it land.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1890= 38
|1900= 140
|1930= 135
|1940= 116
|1950= 94
|1960= 59
|1970= 117
|1980= 87
|1990= 127
|2000= 144
|2010= 156
|2020= 175
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
The present city of Golovin appeared on the 1890 U.S. Census as the native village of Ikaleaveagmiut.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rr9RAQAAMAAJ&dq=golovin&pg=PA49 |title = Geological Survey Professional Paper|year = 1949}}</ref> In 1900, it would report as Cheennik Village (or Dexter), then an unincorporated village. It would not report again until 1930 when the name was officially reported as Golovin. It would formally incorporate as a city in 1971.

There also were reported the settlements of Golofnin Bay (population 25) and Golofnin City (village) (population 185) on the 1890<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRcwAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Annovokhamiut%22&pg=RA2-PA164 |title = Report on Population and Resources of Alaska at the Eleventh Census, 1890|year = 1893|last1 = Census Office|first1 = United States}}</ref> and 1900 censuses, but these may have been separate areas outside of the present day Golovin, with the former described as consisting of four small Inuit settlements (Siningmon, Netsekawik, Ukodlint & Chillimiut) on an unspecified location in the bay area. The 1900 census considered Golofnin City a successor to Golofnin Bay, though it appeared that this community was located at the site of the Golovin (or Golofnin) Mission, a Swedish Evangelical Union mission and reindeer station, which was along the east side of the Golovnin Bay (now since abandoned). To compound the confusion, a post office (called Golovin) was established at the mission in 1899, but closed in 1906. It was then relocated to the present Golovin in 1908 and kept the same name.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rr9RAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Agaligamute%22&pg=PA49 |title = Geological Survey Professional Paper|year = 1949}}</ref>

As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 144 people, 45 households, and 30 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|38.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 54 housing units at an average density of {{convert|14.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 7.64% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 84.03% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], and 8.33% from two or more races. 2.78% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

Of the 45 households, 44.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.0% were married couples living together, 20.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.20 and the average family size was 4.17.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 42.4% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 16.7% from 45 to 64, and 6.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,875, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $31,250 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,281. There were none of the families and 4.3% of the population living below the [[poverty line]], including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

==History==
Golovin was originally an [[Inupiat people|Inupiat]] village called ''Chiŋik''.

Golovin was named for Captain [[Vasily Golovnin]] of the Russian Navy, who visited Alaska to inspect the workings of the [[Russian-American Company]] in 1807–1809, in the ''Diana'', and in 1817–1819, in the ''Kamchatka'', while circumnavigating the world. Lt. [[Lavrenty Zagoskin]], from the Imperial Russian Navy sent to Alaska to scout locations for trading posts, reported the village as "Ikalikguigmyut" in 1842. In 1867, the Mission Covenant of Sweden established a church and school south of the current site of Golovin. Around 1890, John Dexter established a trading post that became the center for swapping prospecting information for the entire Seward Peninsula. Gold was discovered in 1898 at [[Council, Alaska|Council]] and Golovin became a supply point for the gold fields. Supplies were unloaded from ships at Golovin and shipped across Golovnin Lagoon and up the [[Fish River (Alaska)|Fish]] and [[Niukluk River|Niukluk]] Rivers to Council.

When gold was discovered in what is now [[Nome, Alaska|Nome]], much of the mining and shipping activity moved there and Golovin declined in population.

[[Reindeer]] herding was introduced in the area about 1900.

Golovin is used as a checkpoint on the [[Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race|Iditarod]] in [[Nome, Alaska]].<ref>Elim to Golovin. http://www.iditarod.com/checkpoints/checkpoint48.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923013328/http://iditarod.com/checkpoints/checkpoint48.html |date=September 23, 2010 }}</ref><ref>Mackey Blows Through Elim Headed for Golovin. {{cite web |url=http://iditarodblogs.com/news/2010/03/15/2893/ |title=Eye on the Trail » Mackey Blows Through Elim Headed for Golovin |access-date=April 24, 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502033525/http://iditarodblogs.com/news/2010/03/15/2893/ |archive-date=May 2, 2010 }}</ref>

==Notable people==
[[Donny Olson]], Alaska State Senator, attorney, commercial pilot, physician, and reindeer herder.

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Golovin}}
* [http://library.state.ak.us/asp/edocs/2007/04/ocn123495361.pdf Subsistence wildlife harvests in five northwest Alaska communities, 2001-2003 : results of a household survey / by Kawerak, Inc., Maniilaq Association, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game ; by Susan Georgette ... [et al.&#93;.] Hosted by [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012120420/http://library.state.ak.us/asp/ Alaska State Publications Program].

{{Nome Census Area, Alaska}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Alaska]]
[[Category:Cities in Nome Census Area, Alaska]]
[[Category:Mining communities in Alaska]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Alaska on the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:Populated places in Russian America]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Seward Peninsula]]