Editing Glottis

{{Short description|Opening between the vocal folds}}
{{Distinguish|Glottis (Grim Fandango)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox anatomy
| Name        = Glottis
| Latin       = 
| Image       = Arytenoid cartilage.png
| Caption     = Arytenoid cartilage
| Width       = 
| Image2      = Glottis positions.png
| Caption2    =Glottis positions
| Precursor   = 
| System      = 
| Artery      = 
| Vein        = 
| Nerve       = 
| Lymph       = 
}}
The '''glottis''' ({{plural form}}: '''glottises''' or '''glottides''') is the opening between the [[vocal folds]]<ref>Ladefoged, Peter. 2006. A course in Phonetics. UCLA.</ref> (the [[rima glottidis]]).<ref>{{cite book |author=WebMD |chapter=glottis |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8UfI3BH78wC&pg=PA178 |page=178 |year=2009 |title=Webster's New World Medical Dictionary |edition=3rd |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn=978-0-544-18897-6}}</ref> The glottis is crucial in producing sound  from the vocal folds.

==Etymology==
From Ancient Greek ''γλωττίς'' (glōttís), derived from ''γλῶττα'' (glôtta), variant of ''γλῶσσα'' (glôssa, "tongue").<ref>[[wikt:glottis]]</ref>

==Function==
===Phonation===
{{Main|Phonation}}
As the vocal folds vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called '''[[Voice (phonetics)|voice]]''' or '''voicing''' or '''pronunciation'''.

Sound production that involves moving the vocal folds close together is called ''glottal''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Introductory Phonology|last=Hayes|first=Bruce|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4051-8411-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryphon00haye}}</ref> English has a [[Voiceless glottal fricative|voiceless glottal transition]] spelled "h". This sound is produced by keeping the vocal folds spread somewhat, resulting in non-turbulent airflow through the glottis.<ref name=":0" /> In many accents of English the [[glottal stop]] (made by pressing the folds together) is used as a variant [[allophone]] of the phoneme {{IPA|/t/}} (and in some dialects, occasionally of {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/p/}}); in some languages, this sound is a [[phoneme]] of its own. 

Skilled players of the Australian [[didgeridoo]] restrict their glottal opening in order to produce the full range of [[Timbre|timbres]] available on the instrument.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/43639a |pmid=16001056 |title=Acoustics: The vocal tract and the sound of a didgeridoo |journal=Nature |volume=436 |issue=7047 |pages=39 |year=2005 |last1=Tarnopolsky |first1=Alex |last2=Fletcher |first2=Neville |last3=Hollenberg |first3=Lloyd |last4=Lange |first4=Benjamin |last5=Smith |first5=John |last6=Wolfe |first6=Joe |bibcode=2005Natur.436...39T |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/82233/8/01_Fletcher_Vocal_Tract_2005.pdf |hdl=1885/125584 |s2cid=4395889 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

The vibration produced is an essential component of ''voiced'' [[consonant]]s as well as [[vowel]]s. If the vocal folds are drawn apart, air flows between them causing no vibration, as in the production of voiceless consonants.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=De'Ath |first=Leslie |date=2016 |title=Linguistics and Lyric Diction - A Personal Retrospective and a Selective Glossary |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1774332500 |journal=Journal of Singing |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=465–474 |id={{ProQuest|1774332500}} |via=ProQuest}}</ref>

The glottis is also important in the [[Valsalva maneuver]].
* Voiced consonants include {{IPA|/v/, /z/, /ʒ/, /d͡ʒ/, /ð/, /b/, /d/, /ɡ/, /w/.}}
* Voiceless consonants include {{IPA|/f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /t͡ʃ/, /θ/, /p/, /t/, /k/, /ʍ/, and /h/.}}

==Additional images==
{{Gallery
 |File:Illu07 larynx01.jpg|Larynx
 |File:Gray955.png|The entrance to the larynx, viewed from behind.
 |File:Gray1204.png|The entrance to the larynx.
 |File:Slide7vvv.JPG|Glottis
 |File:Slide1kuku.JPG|Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
 |File:Slide2kuku.JPG|Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
 |File:Slide3kuku.JPG|Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://web.uvic.ca/ling/research/phonetics/SOG/ States of the Glottis] (Esling & Harris, University of Victoria)
* [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/phonetik/EGG/page4.htm Universität Stuttgart Speech production]
*{{cite journal |doi=10.1213/00000539-199906000-00044 |pmid=10357358 |title=Glottis Simulator |journal=Anesthesia & Analgesia |volume=88 |issue=6 |pages=1422–3 |year=1999 |last1=De Menezes Lyra |first1=Roberto |doi-access=free }}

{{Larynx anatomy}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Phonetics]]
[[Category:Human head and neck]]
[[Category:Human voice]]
[[Category:Larynx]]
[[Category:Speech organs]]