Editing Glenda Jackson

{{short description|English actress and politician (1936–2023)}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   =
| name               = Glenda Jackson
| honorific-suffix   = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE}}
| image              = Glenda Jackson.JPG
| alt                = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption            = Jackson in 1971
| birth_name         = Glenda May Jackson
| birth_date         = {{birth date|df=y|1936|05|09}}
| birth_place        = [[Birkenhead]], England
| death_date         = {{death date and age|df=y|2023|06|15|1936|05|09}}
| death_place        = [[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]], London, England
| alma_mater         = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]
| occupation         = {{hlist|Actress|politician}}
| years_active       = {{hlist|1957–1991|2015–2023 (as&nbsp;actress)}}
| party              = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]
| spouse             = {{marriage|Roy Hodges|1958|1976|end=divorced}}
| children           = [[Dan Hodges]]
| awards             = [[List of awards and nominations received by Glenda Jackson|Full list]]
| module             = {{Infobox officeholder|embed=yes
| office           = [[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for&nbsp;Transport]]
| primeminister    = [[Tony Blair]]
| term_start       = 6 May 1997
| term_end         = 29 July 1999
| predecessor      = [[John Bowis]]
| successor        = [[Keith Hill (politician)|Keith Hill]]
| parliament1      = UK
| constituency_MP1 = [[Hampstead and Kilburn]]
| prior_term1      = [[Hampstead and Highgate]] (1992–2010)
| term_start1      = 9 April 1992
| term_end1        = 30 March 2015
| predecessor1     = [[Geoffrey Finsberg]]
| successor1       = [[Tulip Siddiq]]}}
| module2            = {{listen|embed = yes|title = Glenda Jackson's voice
| filename         = Glenda jackson bbc radio4 film programme 06 07 2007 b007rmcx.flac
| type             = speech
| description      = ''[[The Film Programme]]'', 6 July 2007<ref>{{cite episode |title=Glenda Jackson |series=The Film Programme |series-link=The Film Programme |url=http://bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007rmcx |access-date=18 January 2014 |station=[[BBC Radio 4]] |date=6 July 2007}}</ref>}}
}}
{{Republicanism sidebar}}
'''Glenda May Jackson''' (9 May 1936 – 15 June 2023) was an English actress and politician. Over the course of her distinguished career she received [[List of awards and nominations received by Glenda Jackson|numerous accolades]] including two [[Academy Awards]], two [[BAFTA Awards]], three [[Emmy Awards]], a [[Golden Globe Award]], and a [[Tony Award]]. A member of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], she served continuously as a [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for 23 years, first for [[Hampstead and Highgate]] from 1992 to 2010, and then, following boundary changes, for [[Hampstead and Kilburn]] from 2010 to 2015.

Jackson won the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] twice, for the romance films ''[[Women in Love (film)|Women in Love]]'' (1969) and ''[[A Touch of Class (film)|A Touch of Class]]'' (1973), but she did not appear in person to collect either due to work commitments.<ref>{{cite web|title=BBC Four – This Cultural Life, Series 2, Glenda Jackson|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001crx3|access-date=2 January 2024|publisher=BBC|language=en-GB}}</ref> She also won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]] for ''[[Sunday Bloody Sunday (film)|Sunday Bloody Sunday]]'' (1971). Her other notable films include ''[[Mary, Queen of Scots (1971 film)|Mary, Queen of Scots]]'' (1971), ''[[Hedda (1975 film)|Hedda]]'' (1975), ''[[The Incredible Sarah]]'' (1976), ''[[House Calls (1978 film)|House Calls]]'' (1978), ''[[Stevie (1978 film)|Stevie]]'' (1978) and ''[[Hopscotch (film)|Hopscotch]]'' (1980). She won two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]] for her portrayal of [[Queen Elizabeth&nbsp;I]] in the [[BBC]] series ''[[Elizabeth&nbsp;R]]'' (1971). She received both the [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress|BAFTA Award]] and [[International Emmy Award for Best Actress|International Emmy Award]] for her performance in ''[[Elizabeth Is Missing]]'' (2019).

She studied at the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] (RADA) and made her [[Broadway (theatre)|Broadway]] theatre debut in ''[[Marat/Sade]]'' (1966). She received five [[Laurence Olivier Award]] nominations for her West End theatre roles in ''[[Stevie (play)|Stevie]]'' (1977), ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' (1979), ''Rose'' (1980), ''[[Strange Interlude]]'' (1984) and ''[[King Lear]]'' (2016), the last being her first role after a 25-year absence from acting, which she reprised on Broadway in 2019. On Broadway, she won the [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play]] for her role in the revival of [[Edward Albee]]'s ''[[Three Tall Women]]'' (2018) and received nominations for her work in ''Marat/Sade'' (1966), ''Rose'' (1981), ''Strange Interlude'' (1985), and ''[[Macbeth]]'' (1988).

Jackson transitioned her career to politics from 1992 to 2015, and was elected MP for Hampstead and Highgate at the [[1992 United Kingdom general election|1992 general election]]. She was a junior transport minister from 1997 to 1999 during the [[first Blair ministry]]; she later became critical of [[Tony Blair]]. After constituency boundary changes, she represented Hampstead and Kilburn from 2010. At the [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010 general election]], her majority of 42 votes, confirmed after a recount, was the narrowest margin of victory in Great Britain.<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news |title=General Election 2010: the 10 closest battles |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/election-2010/7691283/General-Election-2010-the-10-closest-battles.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/election-2010/7691283/General-Election-2010-the-10-closest-battles.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-status=live| author=Andy Bloxom |date=7 May 2010 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=18 April 2020| location=London |url-access=subscription}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Payne |first=Sebastian |author-link=Sebastian Payne |date=25 April 2014 |title=The 2015 battleground: the UK's top 10 most marginal seats |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/the-2015-battleground-the-uk-s-top-10-most-marginal-seats/ |access-date=21 June 2023 |website=[[The Spectator]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Jackson stood down at the [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015 general election]] and returned to acting.

==Early life and education==
Glenda May Jackson was born at 151 Market Street in [[Birkenhead]], Cheshire, on 9 May 1936. Her mother named her after the [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] film star [[Glenda Farrell]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=1 |oclc=42790640 |author-link=Chris Bryant}}</ref> Shortly after her birth, the family moved to [[Hoylake]], also on the [[Wirral Peninsula|Wirral]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=2 |oclc=42790640}}</ref> Her family was very poor, and lived in a [[two-up two-down]] house with an outside toilet at 21 Lake Place. Her father Harry was a builder, while her mother Joan (née Pearce) worked in a local shop, pulled pints in a pub and was a domestic cleaner.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=4–5 |oclc=42790640}}</ref><ref name="Chambers">{{cite web |last=Chambers |first=Andrea |date=10 January 2011 |title=With More Than a Touch of Sass and Stamina, Glenda Jackson Enjoys Her Strange Interlude Oh Broadway |url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20090196,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110181136/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20090196,00.html |archive-date=10 January 2011 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref><ref name="WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO-2007">{{cite web |title=Jackson, Glenda May, (born 9 May 1936) |url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-21641 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO |year=2007 |doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u21641 |isbn=978-0-19-954088-4 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707161136/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-21641 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The eldest of four daughters, Jackson was educated at Holy Trinity Church of England and Cathcart Street primary schools, followed by [[West Kirby Grammar School|West Kirby County Grammar School for Girls]] in nearby [[West Kirby]]. She performed in the [[Townswomen's Guild]] drama group during her teens.<ref name="Chambers"/><ref name="WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO-2007" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=8–9 |oclc=42790640}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Teeman |first=Tim |date=1 May 2018 |title=Tony Nominee Glenda Jackson on Awards, Jeremy Corbyn, Anti-Semitism, and Dancing With Fred Astaire |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/tony-nominee-glenda-jackson-on-awards-jeremy-corbyn-anti-semitism-and-dancing-with-fred-astaire |access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref> Jackson made her first acting appearance in [[J. B. Priestley]]'s ''Mystery of Greenfingers'' in 1952 for the YMCA Players in Hoylake.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=20 |oclc=42790640}}</ref> She worked for two years in [[Boots the Chemists]], before winning a scholarship in 1954 to study at the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] (RADA) in London.<ref name="Dictionary">Jennifer Uglow, et al. ''The Macmillan Dictionary of Women's Biography.'' London: Macmillan, 1999, p. 276 (US: Boston: Northeastern University Press)</ref> Jackson moved to the capital to begin the course in early 1955.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=24 |oclc=42790640}}</ref>

==Acting career==

===1957–1968: Rise to prominence ===
In January 1957, Jackson made her professional stage debut in [[Ted Willis]]'s ''Doctor in the House'' at the [[Connaught Theatre]] in [[Worthing]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=30, 255 |oclc=42790640}}</ref> This was followed by [[Terence Rattigan]]'s ''[[Separate Tables]]'', while Jackson was still at RADA,<ref name="Peacock">D. Keith Peacock "Jackson, Glenda [May]" in Colin Chambers (ed) ''The Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre'', London: Continuum, 2002 [2005], p.398.</ref> and she began appearing in repertory theatre.<ref name="Oxford">[http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100015264 "Glenda Jackson (1936– )"], in ''Who's Who in the Twentieth Century'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. {{ISBN|9780192800916}}</ref> She was also a stage manager at Crewe in repertory theatre.<ref name="WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO-2007" />

From 1958 to 1961, Jackson went through a period of two and a half years in which she was unable to find acting work. She unsuccessfully auditioned for the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC), and undertook what she later described as "a series of soul-destroying jobs". This included waitressing at [[The 2i's Coffee Bar]], clerical work for a large [[City of London]] firm, answering phones for a theatrical agent, and a role at [[British Home Stores]]. She also worked as a Bluecoat at [[Butlin's Pwllheli]] holiday resort on the [[Llŷn Peninsula]] in [[North West Wales]], where her new husband and fellow actor Roy Hodges was a [[Butlins Redcoats|Redcoat]]. Jackson eventually returned to repertory theatre in [[Dundee]], but worked in bars in between acting jobs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=38–42 |oclc=42790640}}</ref>

Jackson made her film debut in a bit part in the [[kitchen sink drama]] ''[[This Sporting Life]]'' (1963). A member of the RSC for four years from 1963, she originally joined for director [[Peter Brook]]'s [[Theatre of Cruelty]] season, which included [[Peter Weiss]]'s ''[[Marat/Sade]]'' (1965), in which she played an inmate of an insane asylum portraying [[Charlotte Corday]], the assassin of [[Jean-Paul Marat]].<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Edgar |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2010/jul/18/best-performance-david-edgar-marat-sade |title=The best performance I've ever seen |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |date=18 July 2010 |access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> The production ran on Broadway in 1965 and in Paris<ref name="Oxford" /> (Jackson also appeared in the 1967 [[Marat/Sade (film)|film version]]). She appeared as [[Ophelia]] in [[Peter Hall (director)|Peter Hall]]'s production of ''[[Hamlet]]'' the same year.<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC – Hamlet – Past Productions: 1965 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/hamlet/past_productions/rsc_stage_1965.shtml |access-date=2 January 2024|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Critic [[Penelope Gilliatt]] thought Jackson was the only Ophelia she had seen who was ready to play [[Prince Hamlet|the Prince himself]].<ref>Penelope Gilliatt. [http://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2524-making-sunday-bloody-sunday "Making ''Sunday Bloody Sunday''"], The Criterion Collection, reprint of Gilliatt's introduction to the US publication of the script (1971).</ref>

The RSC's staging at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] of ''[[US (play)|US]]'' (1966), a protest play against the [[Vietnam War]], also featured Jackson, and she appeared in its film version, ''Tell Me Lies''.<ref>[http://www.rsc.org.uk/about-us/press/releases/peter-brook-returns-to-the-rsc.aspx "Peter Brook Returns to the RSC to Host a Theatre of Protest Event"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613075605/http://www.rsc.org.uk/about-us/press/releases/peter-brook-returns-to-the-rsc.aspx |date=13 June 2015 }}, RSC, October 2011. A documentary of the stage production also exists, see Stuart Heaney [http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1379869/index.html "''Benefit of the Doubt'' (1967)"], BFI screenonline</ref> Later that year, she starred in the psychological drama ''[[Negatives (film)|Negatives]]'' (1968), which was not a huge financial success, but won her more good reviews.

===1969–1980: Breakthrough and acclaim ===
[[File:Glenda-Jackson-in-the-movie-Tempter-352118614265.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|160px|Jackson in a trailer for ''[[The Devil Is a Woman (1974 film)|The Devil Is a Woman]]'' (1973)]]

Jackson's starring role in [[Ken Russell]]'s film adaptation of [[D. H. Lawrence]]'s ''[[Women in Love (film)|Women in Love]]'' (1969) led to her first [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]. [[Brian McFarlane (writer)|Brian McFarlane]], the main author of ''The Encyclopedia of British Film'', wrote: "Her blazing intelligence, sexual challenge and abrasiveness were at the service of a superbly written role in a film with a passion rare in the annals of British cinema."<ref name="McFarlane">{{cite book|editor-first=Brian|editor-last=McFarlane|title=The Encyclopedia of British Film|publisher=Methuen/BFI|location=London, England|date=2003|isbn=978-0413773081|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofbr0000unse/page/n380 339]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofbr0000unse|url-access=registration}}</ref> In the process of gaining funding for ''[[The Music Lovers]]'' (1970) from [[United Artists]], Russell explained it as "the story of a homosexual who marries a [[nymphomania]]c",<ref>{{cite magazine|first=David|last=Del Valle|url=http://www.filmsinreview.com/2012/06/20/camp-david-june-2012-tchaikovsky-is-just-not-that-into-you|title=Camp David June 2012: Tchiakovsky is Just Not That Into You|magazine=[[Films in Review]]|date=20 June 2012}}</ref> the couple being the composer [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] ([[Richard Chamberlain]]) and [[Antonina Miliukova]], played by Jackson. The film received mixed reviews in the US; the anonymous reviewer in ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' wrote of the two principals, "Their performances are more dramatically bombastic than sympathetic, or sometimes even believable."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/1970/film/reviews/the-music-lovers-1200422371/|title=Review: ''The Music Lovers''|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|location=Los Angeles, California|date=31 December 1970|access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> ''The Music Lovers'' was a box-office success in Europe, reaching No. 1 in the UK's weekly rankings in March 1971. It was the first of four films starring Jackson which topped the box-office charts in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Paul |date=23 April 2021 |title=Press Book for The Music Lovers: 'The Story of a Homosexual who Fell in Love with a Nymphomaniac' – 1971 |url=https://flashbak.com/press-book-for-the-music-lovers-the-story-of-a-homosexual-who-fell-in-love-with-a-nymphomaniac-1971-440600/ |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=Flashbak |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Swern-1995">{{cite book |last=Swern |first=Phil |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60281094 |title=The Guinness book of box office hits |date=1995 |publisher=[[Guinness Publishing]] |isbn=0-85112-670-7 |location=Enfield |oclc=60281094 |author-link=Phil Swern}}</ref> Jackson was initially interested in the role of Sister Jeanne in ''[[The Devils (film)|The Devils]]'' (1971), Russell's next film, but turned it down after script rewrites and deciding that she did not wish to play a third neurotic character in a row.<ref>{{cite book|last=Crouse|first=Richard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RA71s6Ih9D8C&pg=PT47|title=Raising Hell: Ken Russell and the Unmaking of ''The Devils''|publisher=ECW Press|date=2012|pages=47–48|isbn=9781770902817}}</ref>

[[File:Elizabeth1England.jpg|thumb|right|160px|Jackson portrayed Queen [[Elizabeth I]] in the [[BBC]] serial ''[[Elizabeth R]]'' (1971) earning two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]] for the role]] 
Jackson had her head shaved to play [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the [[BBC]]'s serial ''[[Elizabeth R]]'' (1971). After the series aired on [[PBS]] in the US, she received two [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s for her performance. She also played Queen Elizabeth in the film ''[[Mary, Queen of Scots (1971 film)|Mary, Queen of Scots]];'' and gained an [[Academy Award]] nomination as well as a [[BAFTA Award]] for her role in [[John Schlesinger]]'s ''[[Sunday Bloody Sunday (film)|Sunday Bloody Sunday]]'' (both 1971).<ref>{{Cite web|title=1972 Film Actress &#124; BAFTA Awards|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1972/film/actress|access-date=2 January 2024|website=awards.bafta.org}}</ref> In July, ''Sunday Bloody Sunday'' topped the UK box-office charts for two weeks.<ref name="Swern-1995" /> That year, British exhibitors voted her the sixth most popular star at the British box office.<ref>Peter Waymark. "Richard Burton top draw in British cinemas." ''The Times'', London, 30 December 1971: 2. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 11 July 2012.</ref> Jackson's popularity was such that 1971 saw her receive Best Film Actress awards from the [[Variety Club of Great Britain]] (who also rewarded her similarly in 1975 and 1978), the [[1971 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|New York Film Critics]] and the US [[National Society of Film Critics]].<ref name="WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO-2007" /> ''Mary, Queen of Scots'' was premièred in December 1971 in Los Angeles and was the 1972 [[Royal Film Performance]] in Britain, attended by the [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Mother]], [[Princess Margaret]] and [[Lord Snowdon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mary, Queen of Scots Blu-ray review {{!}} Cine Outsider |url=http://cineoutsider.com/reviews/bluray/m/mary_queen_of_scots_br.html |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=cineoutsider}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Queen Mother {{!}} Princess Margaret {{!}} British Royalty {{!}} Royal Film premier{{!}} 1972 | date=3 February 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6x9abdC0Zu0 |language=en |access-date=25 July 2022}} via YouTube. [[Thames Television|ThamesTv]].</ref> The film reached No. 1 in the UK box-office charts in April that year, a position it held for five consecutive weeks.<ref name="Swern-1995" /> 

Jackson made the first of several appearances with [[Morecambe and Wise]] in their 1971 Christmas special. Appearing in a comedy sketch as [[Cleopatra]] for the BBC ''[[The Morecambe & Wise Show (1968–1977)|Morecambe and Wise Show]]'', she delivered the line, "All men are fools and what makes them so is having beauty like what I have got."<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2015 |title=Eric Morecambe jokes and one-liners |language=en-GB |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comedy/comedians/eric-morecambe-jokes/ |access-date=7 July 2022 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Her later appearances included a song-and-dance routine (where she was pushed offstage by Eric), a period drama about [[Queen Victoria]], and another musical routine (in their [[Thames Television]] series) where she was elevated ten feet in the air by a misbehaving swivel chair.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Two – The Morecambe and Wise Show, Christmas Show 1971 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00gw1d0 |access-date=7 July 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Glenda Jackson |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f689afe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324211132/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f689afe |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 March 2016 |access-date=7 July 2022 |publisher=British Film Institute |language=en}}</ref> Jackson and Wise also appeared in a 1981 information film for the [[Blood Transfusion Service]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blood Donor : Glenda and Ernie (1981) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/51804201a6335 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916060555/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/51804201a6335 |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 September 2020 |access-date=7 July 2022 |publisher=British Film Institute |language=en}}</ref>

Filmmaker [[Melvin Frank]] saw Jackson's comedy skills in the ''Morecambe and Wise Show'' and offered her the lead female role in his romantic comedy ''[[A Touch of Class (film)|A Touch of Class]]'' (1973), co-starring [[George Segal]], which was a UK box-office No. 1 in June 1973.<ref name="Swern-1995" /> In February 1974, Jackson's role in the film won her the Academy Award for Best Actress. She continued to work in the theatre, returning to the RSC for the lead in [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s ''[[Hedda Gabler]]''. A later film version directed by [[Trevor Nunn]] was released as ''[[Hedda (1975 film)|Hedda]]'' (1975), for which Jackson was nominated for an Oscar. In ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Vincent Canby]] wrote: "This version of ''Hedda Gabler'' is all Miss Jackson's Hedda and, I must say, great fun to watch ... Miss Jackson's technical virtuosity is particularly suited to a character like Hedda. Her command of her voice and her body, as well as the Jackson mannerisms, have the effect of separating the actress from the character in a very curious way."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=950DE1DB123DE532A25755C2A9679C946790D6CF|title=Hedda on Film Is All Glenda Jackson|last=Canby|first=Vincent|access-date=24 June 2018|language=en}}</ref> 

In 1978, she starred in the romantic comedy ''[[House Calls (1978 film)|House Calls]],'' co-starring [[Walter Matthau]], with the film spending two weeks at No. 1 in the US box-office rankings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=House Calls (1978) – Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/House-Calls |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=The Numbers}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=3 May 1978 |title=50 Top-Grossing Films |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=10 May 1978 |title=50 Top-Grossing Films |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=15}}</ref> ''House Calls'' was the biggest box-office hit of her career in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Glenda Jackson – Box Office |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/person/70680401-Glenda-Jackson |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=The Numbers}}</ref> That year, she was awarded a [[CBE]].<ref name="WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO-2007" /> In 1979, she reunited with her ''A Touch of Class'' colleagues Segal and Frank for the romantic comedy ''[[Lost and Found (1979 film)|Lost and Found]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LOST AND FOUND |url=https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/lostandfound |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=[[Sony Pictures]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lost and Found |url=https://www.parkcircus.com/film/114561-Lost-and-Found |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=Park Circus |language=en}}</ref> Jackson and Matthau teamed again in the comedy ''[[Hopscotch (film)|Hopscotch]]'' (1980), which debuted at No. 1 in its opening weekend at the US box office, also spending its second week in the top spot.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=8 October 1980 |title=50 Top-Grossing Films |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_variety_1980-10-08_300_10/page/n8 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=1 October 1980 |title='Hopscotch,' 'People' Lead Week's Pack of B.O. Contenders |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_variety_1980-10-01_300_9/page/3 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=15 October 1980 |title=50 Top-Grossing Films |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_variety_1980-10-15_300_11/page/9 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |page=9}}</ref>

===1980–1991: Established actor ===
For her 1980 appearance on ''[[The Muppet Show]]'', Jackson told the producers she would perform any material they liked. In her appearance, she has a delusion that she is a pirate captain who takes over the Muppet Theatre as her ship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilkie |first=Matt |date=6 November 2020 |title=The Muppet Show: 40 Years Later – Glenda Jackson |url=https://toughpigs.com/tms40-glenda-jackson/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=ToughPigs |language=en-US}}</ref> Fifteen years after the New York engagement of ''[[Marat/Sade]]'', Jackson returned to Broadway in [[Andrew Davies (writer)|Andrew Davies]]'s ''Rose'' (1981) opposite [[Jessica Tandy]]; both actresses received Tony nominations for their roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2009 |title=Tony Awards 1981 {{!}} WestendTheatre.com |url=https://www.westendtheatre.com/11957/news/awards/tony-awards-1981/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=westendtheatre.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>  In September 1983, The Glenda Jackson Theatre in Birkenhead was named in her honour. The theatre was attached to [[Wirral Metropolitan College]], but demolished in 2005 following the establishment of a purpose-built site for students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2005 |title=I'm glad it's going |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/im-glad-its-going-3535792 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=[[Liverpool Echo]] |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Amerikaanse tv-show Laat Polen Polen zijn op de televisie. Glenda Jackson tijd, Bestanddeelnr 931-9473.jpg|thumb|right|Jackson on ''[[Let Poland be Poland (TV)|Let Poland be Poland]]'' (1982)]]
In 1985, she played Nina Leeds in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Strange Interlude]]'' at the [[Nederlander Theatre]] in a production which had originated in London the previous year and ran for eight weeks.<ref name="Chambers" /> John Beaufort for ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'' wrote: "Bravura is the inevitable word for Miss Jackson's display of feminine wiles and brilliant technique."<ref>Beaufort, John. [http://www.csmonitor.com/1985/0226/lude.html "Lively revival of O'Neill's stormy ''Strange Interlude''"], ''The Christian Science Monitor'', 26 February 1985.</ref> [[Frank Rich]] in ''The New York Times'' thought Jackson, "with her helmet of hair and gashed features", when Leeds is a young woman, "looks like a cubist portrait of [[Louise Brooks]]", and later when the character has aged several decades, is "mesmerizing as a [[Zelda Fitzgerald]]esque neurotic, a rotting and spiteful middle-aged matron and, finally, a spent, [[sphinx]]-like widow happily embracing extinction."<ref>Rich, Frank (22 February 1985). [https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/22/arts/theater-a-fresh-look-for-o-neill-s-interlude.html "Theater: A Fresh Look for O'Neill's ''Interlude''"]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 18 April 2020.</ref> [[Herbert Wise]] directed the drama on television where it was first broadcast in the US as part of PBS's ''[[American Playhouse]]'' in 1988.<ref>{{cite news|last=O'Connor|first=John J.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/18/arts/tv-reviews-glenda-jackson-in-strange-interlude.html|title=TV Reviews; Glenda Jackson in 'Strange Interlude'|work=The New York Times|date=18 January 1988|access-date=18 April 2020|url-access=registration}}</ref>

In November 1984, Jackson appeared in the title role of [[Robert David MacDonald]]'s English translation of [[Jean Racine|Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'', titled ''Phedra'', at [[The Old Vic]]. The play was designed and directed by [[Philip Prowse]], and [[Robert Eddison]] played [[Theramenes]].<ref>{{cite book|title =Phedra [theatre programme] |date =1984|publisher =Proscenium, for The Old Vic }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=London The Old Vic Theatre – Phedra – 1984 | website= Theatre Memorabilia .co.uk | url=https://www.theatrememorabilia.co.uk/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=2642 | access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''<nowiki/>'s John Barber wrote of her performance, "Wonderfully impressive ... The actress finds a voice as jagged and hoarse as her torment". [[Benedict Nightingale]] in the ''[[New Statesman]]'' was intrigued that Jackson did not go in for nobility, but played Racine's feverish queen as if to say that "being skewered in the guts by 
[[Cupid]] is an ugly, bitter, humiliating business".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-01-05-ca-11662-story.html|title=Glenda Jackson Shows Firepower In 'Phedre'|last= Sullivan| first=Dan| date=5 January 1985|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=26 June 2018|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> The costume which Prowse designed for Jackson's performance is in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]],<ref>{{cite web  | title=Theatre Costume, 1984, [by] Prowse, Philip | website=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]] | year=1984 | url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O102297/theatre-costume-prowse-philip/ | access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref> and iconic photographs of Jackson in the role can be found online.<ref>{{cite web | title=MW_SC008 : Glenda Jackson | website=Iconic Images | date=6 September 2019 | url=https://iconicimages.net/photo/mw-sc008-glenda-jackson/ | access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Photostage.co.uk | website=Photostage Ltd | date=21 February 2019 | url=https://www.photostage.co.uk/stock-photo-phedra-by-jean-racine-english-stage-version-by-robert-david-macdonald-photostage-image00098792.html | access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref>

In 1989, Jackson appeared in Ken Russell's ''[[The Rainbow (1989 film)|The Rainbow]]'', playing Anna Brangwen, mother of Gudrun, the part for which she had won her first Academy Award twenty years earlier. The same year, she played Martha in a Los Angeles production of [[Edward Albee]]'s ''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?]]'' at the Doolittle Theatre (now the [[Ricardo Montalbán Theatre]]). Directed by the playwright himself, this staging featured [[John Lithgow]] as George. [[Dan Sullivan (critic)|Dan Sullivan]] in the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that Jackson and Lithgow performed "with the assurance of dedicated character assassins, not your hire-and-salary types" with the actors being able to display their character's capacity for antipathy.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sullivan|first=Dan|date=6 October 1989|title=STAGE REVIEW : A Lower-Key George and Martha|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-10-06-ca-799-story.html|access-date=2 January 2024|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Albee was disappointed with this production, pointing to Jackson, who he thought "had retreated back to the thing she can do very well, that ice cold performance. I don't know whether she got scared, but in rehearsal she was being Martha, and the closer we got to opening the less Martha she was!"<ref>Stephen J. Bottoms ''Albee: Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 67–68.</ref> She performed the lead role in [[Howard Barker]]'s ''[[Scenes from an Execution]]'' as Galactia, a sixteenth-century female [[Venice|Venetian]] artist, at the [[Almeida Theatre]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite news|first=Matt|last=Wolf|date=11 March 1990|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/11/theater/theater-a-new-london-theater-team-is-attracting-stars.html|title=Theater; A New London Theater Team Is Attracting Stars|work=The New York Times|access-date=18 April 2020|url-access=registration}}</ref> It was an adaptation of Barker's 1984 radio play in which Jackson had played the same role.<ref>Milling, Jane. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kanLd67izZUC&pg=RA2-PT30 ''Modern British Playwriting: The 1980s: Voices, Documents, New Interpretations''], A & C Black, 2012, p. 30.</ref>

===2015–2023: Return to acting===
[[File:GlendaJackBFI050722 (10 of 23) (52196800013) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Jackson at BFI London in 2022]]
In 2015, Jackson returned to acting following a 23-year absence, having retired from politics. She took the lead role of Dide, the ancient matriarch, in ''Blood, Sex and Money'', a [[radio drama]] series based on the ''[[Les Rougon-Macquart]]'' novel series by [[Émile Zola]] and aired on [[BBC Radio 4|Radio 4]] from November 2015 to October 2016.<ref name="spectator-20151203">{{cite news |last=Chisholm |first=Kate |date=3 December 2015 |title=There will be blood |newspaper=The Spectator |url=https://beta.spectator.co.uk/article/there-will-be-blood-3-december-2015 |access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref> She returned to the stage at the end of 2016, playing [[Leir of Britain|the title role]] in [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[King Lear]]'' at the [[Old Vic]] Theatre in London, in a production running from 25 October to 3 December. Jackson was nominated for Best Actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role but ultimately lost out to [[Billie Piper]]. She won the [[Natasha Richardson]] Award for Best Actress at the 2017 [[Evening Standard Theatre Awards]] for her performance.<ref name="lear">{{cite news |date=5 December 2017 |title=Evening Standard Theatre Awards 2017: Who won and why |work=Evening Standard |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/theatre/evening-standard-theatre-awards-2017-who-won-and-why-a3709411.html |access-date=9 December 2017}}</ref> Dominic Cavendish of ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'' wrote, "Glenda Jackson is tremendous as King Lear. No ifs, no buts. In returning to the stage at the age of 80, 25 years after her last performance (as the [[Clytemnestra]]-like Christine in [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' at the [[Citizens Theatre|Glasgow Citizens]]), she has pulled off one of those 11th-hour feats of human endeavour that will surely be talked about for years to come by those who see it."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cavendish |first=Dominic |date=5 November 2016 |title=King Lear, Old Vic, review: 'Glenda Jackson's performance will be talked about for years' |language=en-GB |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/what-to-see/king-lear-old-vic-review-glenda-jacksons-performance-will-be-tal/ |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=18 April 2020 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/what-to-see/king-lear-old-vic-review-glenda-jacksons-performance-will-be-tal/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 2018, Jackson returned to [[Broadway (theatre)|Broadway]] in a revival of [[Edward Albee]]'s ''[[Three Tall Women]]'' acting alongside [[Laurie Metcalf]] and [[Allison Pill]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://observer.com/2018/03/broadway-review-glenda-jackson-returns-in-albees-three-tall-women/|title= 'Three Tall Women' Sets the Benchmark for Broadway in 2018|website= Observer|date= 30 March 2018|accessdate= 20 March 2024}}</ref> The role earned her the [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.broadway.com/buzz/192455/three-tall-women-star-glenda-jackson-wins-first-tony-award-what-a-thrill/|title= Three Tall Women Star Glenda Jackson Wins First Tony Award: 'What a Thrill'|website= Broadway.com|accessdate= 20 March 2024}}</ref> [[Marilyn Stasio]] of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' wrote, "Watching Glenda Jackson in theatrical flight is like looking straight into the sun. Her expressive face registers her thoughts while guarding her feelings. But it's the voice that really thrills. Deeply pitched and clarion clear, it's the commanding voice of stern authority. Don't mess with this household god or she'll turn you to stone."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stasio |first=Marilyn |date=29 March 2018 |title=Broadway Review: 'Three Tall Women' With Glenda Jackson, Laurie Metcalf |language=en-US |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2018/legit/reviews/three-tall-women-review-broadway-1202739273/ |access-date=24 June 2018}}</ref> Jackson returned to the title role of ''[[King Lear]]'' on Broadway in a production that opened in April 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McHenry |first=Jackson |date=28 June 2018 |title=The Indefatigable Glenda Jackson Will Return to Broadway As Lear in a New King Lear |language=en-US |work=Vulture |url=http://www.vulture.com/2018/06/glenda-jackson-will-return-to-broadway-in-a-new-king-lear.html |access-date=28 June 2018}}</ref> Director [[Sam Gold]] described her portrayal of Lear in ''[[The New York Times Magazine]]'': "She is going to go through something most people don't go through. You're all invited. Glenda Jackson is going to endure this, and you're going to witness it."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sehgal |first1=Parul |date=27 March 2019 |title=At 82, Glenda Jackson Commands the Most Powerful Role in Theater |magazine=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |location=New York City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/27/magazine/glenda-jackson-king-lear.html |url-access=registration |access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> In 2019, after a 27-year absence, Jackson returned to television drama, portraying an elderly grandmother struggling with dementia in ''[[Elizabeth Is Missing]]'' on [[BBC One]], based on the novel of the same name by [[Emma Healey]], for which she won the [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress|BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress]] and [[International Emmy Award for Best Actress]].<ref>{{cite news |date=6 December 2019 |title=TV: Glenda Jackson on screen for the first time in over 25 years |language=en |work=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/arts_ents/18086358.tv-glenda-jackson-screen-first-time-25-years/ |access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mangan |first1=Lucy |author-link=Lucy Mangan |date=8 December 2019 |title=Elizabeth Is Missing review – Glenda Jackson shines in this heartrending whodunnit |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/dec/08/elizabeth-is-missing-review-glenda-jackson-shines-in-this-heartrending-whodunnit |access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref> From February 2020 to January 2022, she starred in the lead role of Constance Sterling in the radio drama series ''Fault Lines: Money, Sex and Blood'' for Radio 4, another adaptation of ''Les Rougon-Macquart''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mangan |first1=Lucy |author-link=Lucy Mangan |date=8 December 2019 |title=Fault Lines: Money, Sex and Blood |work=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000fgjf |access-date=5 December 2024}}</ref>

In February 2021, it was reported that Jackson would star with [[Michael Caine]] in ''[[The Great Escaper]]'', a film telling the true story of Bernard Jordan's escape from his care home to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the [[D-Day]] landings in France. Caine would play Jordan, with Jackson as his wife Rene.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=19 February 2021 |title=Michael Caine, Glenda Jackson Set for 'The Great Escaper,' Pathe to Sell at Berlin EFM |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/global/michael-caine-glenda-jackson-the-great-escaper-pathe-berlin-efm-1234911210/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Caine and Jackson previously starred together in ''[[The Romantic Englishwoman]]'' (1975).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Romantic Englishwoman (1976) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b792e1182 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831063307/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b792e1182 |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 August 2017 |access-date=21 July 2022 |publisher=British Film Institute |language=en}}</ref> Jackson had completed filming on ''The Great Escaper'' in September 2022; it was to be her last film.<ref name=iNews33>{{cite news|url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/film/directed-glenda-jackson-final-film-astonishing-2421475|title=I directed Glenda Jackson's final film – it was an astonishing few weeks|first=Oliver|last=Parker|work=[[i (British newspaper)|i]]|date=19 June 2023|access-date=29 July 2023}}</ref><ref name=Guardian33>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2023/jun/16/working-with-glenda-jackson-on-her-return-to-tv-and-film|title='The fists were up and ready': working with the returning Glenda Jackson|work=The Guardian|date=16 June 2023|access-date=29 July 2023}}</ref><ref name=Pathe33>{{cite news|url=https://pathe.co.uk/news/the-great-escaper1/|title=The Great Escaper|work=Pathe UK|date=8 September 2022|access-date=29 July 2023}}</ref> It was released on 6 October 2023.<ref name="BBC News-2023">{{cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Oscar-winning actress Glenda Jackson dies at 87 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-65916692 |access-date=13 September 2024 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Obituaries |first=Telegraph |date=15 June 2023 |title=Glenda Jackson, 'electrifying' double Oscar-winning actress who spent 23 years as a Labour MP – obituary |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2023/06/15/glenda-jackson-actress-double-oscar-labour-mp-died-obituary/ |access-date=15 June 2023 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> In July 2022, the [[British Film Institute]] celebrated her film and television career with a month-long retrospective season at the [[BFI Southbank]] in London. As well as screenings of her work, the programme included ''Glenda Jackson in Conversation'', in which she was interviewed about her career live on stage by broadcaster [[John Wilson (broadcaster)|John Wilson]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcing July 2022 at BFI Southbank: Satyajit Ray, Glenda Jackson, In the Black Fantastic and more |date=18 May 2022 |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/news/july-2022-bfi-southbank-satyajit-ray-glenda-jackson-black-fantastic |access-date=6 July 2022 |publisher=British Film Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Griffiths-2022">{{Cite web |last=Griffiths |first=Robbie |date=6 July 2022 |title=Londoner's Diary: Glenda Jackson: Keir Starmer's voice is his big drawback |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/londoners-diary/londoners-diary-glenda-jackson-keir-starmer-thor-boris-johnson-theresa-may-b1010538.html |access-date=6 July 2022 |website=[[Evening Standard]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=Glenda Jackson in Conversation |url=https://bfidatadigipres.github.io/events/2022/07/05/glenda-jackson-in-conversation/ |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=BFI Southbank Programme Notes |language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Jackson joined the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] in the early 1950s, at the age of 16.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8OHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA292 |title=The Palgrave Macmillan dictionary of women's biography |date=2005 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |others=Jenny Uglow, Frances Hinton, Maggy Hendry |isbn=978-1-84972-418-0 |edition=4th |location=New York |pages=292 |oclc=371218511}}</ref> Her earlier campaigns were not party political. In 1978, she was one of the public figures who lent their name as a sponsor to the [[Anti-Nazi League]].<ref>{{cite news |date=1 February 1978 |title=Never Again! |pages=2 |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/106386865/never-again/ |access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref> The same year, she appeared in a print advertisement for [[Oxfam]].<ref>{{cite news |date=26 February 1978 |title=The day Glenda Jackson helped build an irrigation dam. |pages=14 |work=[[The Observer]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105965966/the-day-glenda-jackson-helped-build-an/ |access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref> Jackson was on the executive of the National Association of Voluntary Hostels, and spoke at rallies for the housing charity [[Shelter (charity)|Shelter]]. Human rights were also an area of interest, and she joined a demonstration outside the Indonesian Embassy to protest against the detention of political prisoners. She was involved in children's charities, as president of the Toy Libraries Association and as a programme narrator for [[UNICEF]]. She also gave time and money to a home for emotionally disturbed children in [[Berkshire]] run by former actress [[Coral Atkins]].<ref name="Bryant-1999" />

Jackson was a supporter of the [[National Abortion Campaign]], and organised a benefit evening for them at the [[Cambridge Theatre]], which raised over £3,000. She also supported [[Una Kroll]]'s Women's Rights candidacy for [[Sutton and Cheam]] in the [[October 1974 United Kingdom general election]]. In addition, Jackson made several appearances on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s ''[[Any Questions?]]'' debate programme during this period of her career.<ref name="Bryant-1999">{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=164–167 |oclc=42790640}}</ref> She had considered becoming a social worker, and in 1979 began a social science degree at the [[Open University]], but dropped out a few months later after falling behind with her essays.<ref name="Bryant-1999-3">{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=192–193 |oclc=42790640}}</ref> Jackson appeared in a number of charity films, including a production on behalf of [[International Year of the Child]], [[Voluntary Service Overseas]], and Oxfam. Other such films featured her campaigning against [[polio]] and the arms trade.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=264 |oclc=42790640}}</ref>

=== Labour Party ===
Jackson's name was linked to several parliamentary seats over the years; she was approached by a [[Constituency Labour Party]] (CLP) in Bristol to stand at the [[1979 United Kingdom general election|1979 general election]], but this did not materialise.<ref name="Bryant-1999" />{{refn|Jackson "was approached by a member of the Bristol Labour Party to stand for Parliament in what was a safe Tory constituency."<ref name="Woodward-1985">{{cite book |last=Woodward |first=Ian |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11658097 |title=Glenda Jackson: a study in fire and ice |date=1985 |publisher=[[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] |isbn=0-297-78533-8 |location=London |pages=132 |oclc=11658097}}</ref> This is most likely to have been [[Bristol West]], as it was the only Conservative-held seat in Bristol prior to the 1979 general election. {{Crossreference|See also {{slink|Politics of Bristol#Westminster_representation}}.}}|group=note}} An approach was also made to her about the possibility of being a candidate for the [[Marginal seat|marginal]] Welsh seat of [[Bridgend (UK Parliament constituency)|Bridgend]] at the [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983 general election]], which she turned down to pursue a humanities degree at [[Thames Polytechnic]]. Though she was seen in the refectory at Thames a few times, she dropped out before starting the course.<ref name="Bryant-1999-3" /> In that election, she supported [[Paul Boateng]] and Ian Wilson, Labour's candidates for [[Hertfordshire West]] and [[Watford (UK Parliament constituency)|Watford]], respectively. She was also a member of the Arts for Labour group.<ref name="Woodward-1985"/>

In 1986, Jackson visited Ethiopia as part of Oxfam's efforts to help with [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|the famine there]], and in 1989 she approached [[Voluntary Service Overseas]] about the chance of working in Africa for a couple of years. She got involved in the [[African National Congress]] campaign against [[apartheid in South Africa]], and in September 1988 chaired a United Nations committee on the cultural boycott.<ref name="Bryant-1999-3" /> Jackson appeared in a [[party political broadcast]] for Labour in February 1987.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 February 1987 |title=Steady with the props, Glenda! |pages=4 |work=The Fulham Chronicle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105970341/steady-with-the-props-glenda/ |access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref> In June, she was present at a campaign rally with the then Labour leader [[Neil Kinnock]] for the [[1987 United Kingdom general election|1987 general election]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Wainwright |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Wainwright (journalist) |date=8 June 1987 |title=When showbusiness is the name of the two-party game |pages=32 |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105970700/when-showbusiness-is-the-name-of-the/ |access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref>

In December 1989, it was rumoured that Jackson had been approached by two branches of [[Leeds East]] CLP to succeed their Labour MP, [[Denis Healey]]. According to her biographer [[Chris Bryant]], she turned down this opportunity. In late 1989, two members of [[Hampstead and Highgate]] CLP got in touch with Jackson about the possibility of standing there. Despite having never been to a Labour ward meeting, she won over the local party, and triumphed in the ballot, which took place on 28 March 1990. Jackson defeated three candidates who were all politically to her left: [[Kate Allen (Amnesty International)|Kate Allen]] ([[Ken Livingstone]]'s partner and a [[Camden London Borough Council|Camden]] councillor), economic history lecturer Sarah Palmer (daughter of former Labour MP [[Arthur Palmer (politician)|Arthur Palmer]]) and Maureen Robinson, a previous Mayor of Camden.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=195–199 |oclc=42790640}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Postlewaite |first=Jeff |date=27 March 1990 |title=Anxious Glenda waits for a cue |pages=14 |work=[[Evening Standard]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105973211/anxious-glenda-waits-for-a-cue/ |access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=31 March 1990 |title=And now for the part of a lifetime |pages=12 |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105998181/and-now-for-the-part-of-a-lifetime/ |access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref>

Jackson later stated that she felt Britain was being "destroyed" by the policies of the then [[prime minister of the United Kingdom]], [[Margaret Thatcher]], and the Conservative government, so that she was willing to do "anything that was legal" to oppose them.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TN15Xa2gMhY&t=182s |title=Glenda Jackson Moved From Acting to Politics |date=15 May 2018 |author=Late Show with Stephen Colbert |via=YouTube |access-date=15 May 2018 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/TN15Xa2gMhY |archive-date=11 December 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In November 1990, Thatcher stood down as prime minister and [[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|leader of the Conservative Party]]. On Thatcher's death, Jackson protested Parliament's tributes to that legacy. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRqdQMlIiYc | title=Glenda Jackson: Late ex-MP delivers immense anti-Thatcher speech days after Thatcher's death | website=[[YouTube]] | date=15 June 2023 }}</ref>

=== In Parliament ===
Jackson retired from acting in 1991 to devote herself to politics full-time as the [[prospective parliamentary candidate]] for Hampstead and Highgate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=212 |oclc=42790640}}</ref> Although her party did not win the [[1992 United Kingdom general election|1992 general election]], as had been speculated, there was an above average swing to Labour in her constituency, and she gained the seat, narrowly beating the Conservative candidate [[Oliver Letwin]], a former adviser to Thatcher.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hampstead And Highgate :: UK General Election 1992 |url=http://electionhub.co.uk/uk/1992/const/hampsteadhig |access-date=6 July 2022 |website=electionhub.co.uk |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706182204/http://electionhub.co.uk/uk/1992/const/hampsteadhig |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ward |first=Victoria |date=20 October 2019 |title=Oliver Letwin: The 'cleverest stupid person in Westminster' |language=en-GB |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/10/20/oliver-letwin-cleverest-stupid-person-westminster/ |access-date=6 July 2022 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=224 |oclc=42790640}}</ref> Jackson, whose campaign had been sponsored by the train drivers' union, [[ASLEF]], was the first of Labour's 1992 intake to join the front bench when she became shadow transport minister in July 1996.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rentoul |first=John |title=Blair reshuffle rewards loyal mainstreamers |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/blair-reshuffle-rewards-loyal-mainstreamers-1307718.html |work=The Independent |date=1 August 1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=236, 240 |oclc=42790640}}</ref>

Following Labour's [[landslide victory]] in the [[1997 United Kingdom general election|1997 general election]], which saw her comfortably re-elected, she was appointed as a junior minister in the government of [[Tony Blair]],<ref name="Debretts">[http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/j/19500/Glenda+JACKSON.aspx "Ms Glenda Jackson, CBE, MP Authorised Biography"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215231252/http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/j/19500/Glenda+JACKSON.aspx |date=15 December 2013}}, Debrett's</ref> with responsibility in the [[London Regional Transport]].<ref name="electionhub.co.uk">{{cite web |title=Hampstead And Highgate :: UK General Election 1997 |url=http://electionhub.co.uk/uk/1997/const/hampsteadhig |access-date=6 July 2022 |website=electionhub.co.uk |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706182156/http://electionhub.co.uk/uk/1997/const/hampsteadhig |url-status=dead }}</ref> She resigned from the post in 1999 before an unsuccessful attempt to be nominated as the Labour candidate for the election of the first [[mayor of London]] in the [[2000 London mayoral election]]. In the [[2000 London Labour Party mayoral selection]], she came a distant third behind [[Frank Dobson]] and [[Ken Livingstone]], being eliminated in the first round of voting with 4.4% of the total.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LONDON MAYORALTY CANDIDATE SELECTION 2000–2016 |url=http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~tquinn/london_mayoralty.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804195802/http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~tquinn/london_mayoralty.htm |archive-date=4 August 2016 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=[[University of Essex]]}}</ref> Jackson was once again re-elected to represent her constituency at the [[2001 United Kingdom general election|2001 general election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hampstead And Highgate :: UK General Election 2001 |url=http://electionhub.co.uk/uk/2001/const/hampsteadhig |access-date=6 July 2022 |website=electionhub.co.uk}}</ref>

As a high-profile backbencher, Jackson became a regular critic of Blair over his plans to introduce [[Tuition fees in the United Kingdom|higher education tuition fees]] in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. She also called for him to resign following the Judicial Enquiry by [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] in 2003 surrounding the reasons for going to [[Iraq War|war in Iraq]] and the death of government adviser [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]].<ref>{{cite news |date=19 July 2003 |title=Former minister calls for Blair's resignation |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/former-minister-calls-for-blair-s-resignation-1.488672 |access-date=7 July 2022 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref><ref name="The Guardian-2020">{{cite web |date=26 July 2020 |title=Glenda Jackson: 'I'm an antisocial socialist' |url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/jul/26/glenda-jackson-interview-i-am-an-antisocial-socialist |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Glenda Jackson – Oscar Winning Actress Turned Labour Politician |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/reference/glenda-jackson/ |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=[[Politics.co.uk]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=20 July 2003 |title=Breakfast with Frost |language=en-GB |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/breakfast_with_frost/3081661.stm |access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref> At the subsequent [[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005 general election]], she held her seat, albeit with a reduced majority and a swing to the Conservatives, who had selected local councillor [[Piers Wauchope]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Election 2005 – Results – Hampstead & Highgate |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/vote2005/html/298.stm |access-date=6 July 2022 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> By October 2005, her disagreements with Blair's leadership swelled to a point where she threatened to challenge the prime minister as a [[stalking horse]] candidate in a leadership contest if he did not stand down within a reasonable amount of time.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 June 2023 |title=Glenda Jackson obituary: An actress unafraid to speak her mind |language=en-GB |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-26234103 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref> On 31 October 2006, Jackson was one of 12 Labour MPs to back [[Plaid Cymru]] and the [[Scottish National Party]]'s call for an inquiry into the [[Iraq War]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6104310.stm |title=Labour MPs who rebelled on Iraq |date=31 October 2006 |access-date=31 October 2006 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

Her constituency boundaries changed for the [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010 general election]]. The [[Gospel Oak (ward)|Gospel Oak]] and [[Highgate (Camden ward)|Highgate]] wards became part of [[Holborn and St Pancras]], and the new [[Hampstead and Kilburn (UK Parliament constituency)|Hampstead and Kilburn constituency]] took in territory from [[London Borough of Brent|Brent]] to include Brondesbury, Kilburn and Queens Park wards (from the old [[Brent East]] and [[Brent South]] seats). On 6 May 2010, Jackson was elected as the MP for the new Hampstead and Kilburn constituency by a margin of 42 votes over Conservative [[Chris Philp]], with the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]] candidate Edward Fordham less than a thousand votes behind them. She had the closest result in England, and the second smallest majority of any MP at the 2010 election.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 March 2015 |title=England's tightest seat may not be so close this time |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/england-s-tightest-seat-may-not-be-so-close-this-time-1.65452 |access-date=6 July 2022 |website=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The UK's most marginal seat |language=en-GB |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-northern-ireland-32538051 |access-date=6 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Election 2010 – Constituency – Hampstead & Kilburn |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/election2010/results/constituency/b99.stm |access-date=6 July 2022 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Jackson's seat was marginal for most of her time in politics, with the 1997 election being the only occasion on which she received an absolute majority of votes cast in the constituency.<ref name="electionhub.co.uk" />

In June 2011, Jackson announced that, presuming the [[UK Parliament]] elected in 2010 lasted until 2015, she would not seek re-election. She stated: "I will be almost 80 and by then it will be time for someone else to have a turn."<ref name="reelection">{{cite news |url=http://www.hamhigh.co.uk/news/glenda_jackson_won_t_stand_in_next_election_1_931028 |title=Glenda Jackson won't stand in next election |date=23 June 2011 |publisher=Ham & High |last=Graham |first=Georgia |access-date=25 June 2011 |archive-date=5 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905173850/http://www.hamhigh.co.uk/news/glenda_jackson_won_t_stand_in_next_election_1_931028 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The eventual election was held two days before her 79th birthday, 23 years after she had first entered the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]]. In April 2012, the ''[[London Evening Standard]]'' reported that, in 2007–2008 she claimed £136,793 in allowances despite turning up for only 27 per cent of votes and speaking in just two debates, and that in 2011 she had to repay more than £8,000 in expenses she had wrongly claimed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dominiczak|first=Peter|date=12 April 2012|title=Climate activist Tamsin Omond takes on 'London's laziest MP' Glenda|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/climate-activist-tamsin-omond-takes-on-london-s-laziest-mp-glenda-jackson-6739200.html|access-date=10 July 2023|website=Evening Standard}}</ref>

On 10 April 2013, Jackson delivered a speech in the House of Commons following the [[death of Margaret Thatcher]], which subsequently went viral.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/video/2013/apr/11/glenda-jackson-margaret-thatcher-video |location=London |work=The Guardian | title=Glenda Jackson criticises Margaret Thatcher in Commons debate – video | date=11 April 2013}}</ref> She accused [[Thatcherism]] of treating "vices as virtues" and stated that, because of Thatcherism, the UK was susceptible to unprecedented unemployment rates and homelessness, chronically underfunded schools and public services, and the closure of mental hospitals.<ref>{{cite news |last=Magnay |first=Jacquelin |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/labour-mp-glenda-jackson-shatters-the-love-during-parliament-tributes/news-story/12df7602ef61edb45400d629784529f2  |work=The Australian | title=Labour MP Glenda Jackson shatters the love during parliament tributes | date=12 April 2013 |location=London |access-date=18 April 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmhansrd/cm130410/debtext/130410-0001.htm|title=House of Commons Hansard Debates for 10 Apr 2013 (pt 0001)|publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Another speech of Jackson's went viral in June 2014 when she gave a scathing assessment of [[Iain Duncan Smith's tenure as Work and Pensions Secretary]], telling him that he was responsible for the "destruction of the welfare state and the total and utter incompetence of his department".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sirajdatoo/iain-duncan-smith-would-like-to-think-he-can-walk-on-water|work=[[BuzzFeed]]|title=People Are Going Absolutely Crazy For This Clip Of An MP Attacking Iain Duncan Smith|date=4 July 2014|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|first=Anoosh|last=Chakelian|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/staggers/2014/07/he-s-floating-so-high-his-self-appointed-sanctity-watch-glenda-jackson-lay-iain|magazine=[[New Statesman]]|title="He's floating so high on his self-appointed sanctity": watch Glenda Jackson lay in to Iain Duncan Smith|date=1 July 2014|access-date=18 April 2020|url-access=registration}}</ref>

=== Views ===
Jackson was a borderline [[socialist]], and was generally considered to be a traditional [[leftist]] during her political career, often disagreeing with the dominant [[Blairite]] governing [[Third Way]] faction in the Labour Party; she rebelled against her party in parliamentary votes on a number of occasions. She was also opposed to the politics of [[Arthur Scargill]] and the [[Militant tendency]] that dominated the party's battles in the 1980s. Jackson labelled Militant and [[Derek Hatton]]'s politics as "self-indulgent crap", and she sent leader [[Neil Kinnock]] a congratulatory telegram after his high-profile 1985 [[Labour Party Conference]] speech, in which he criticised the activities of Militant and their allies.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=166, 193–194 |oclc=42790640}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Voting Record – Glenda Jackson MP, Hampstead and Kilburn (10308) |url=https://www.publicwhip.org.uk/mp.php?mpn=Glenda_Jackson&mpc=Hampstead_and_Kilburn&house=commons |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=The Public Whip}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Schilling |first=Mary Kaye |date=29 March 2018 |title="Three Tall Women" star Glenda Jackson was slaying female stereotypes long before Time's Up and #MeToo |url=https://www.newsweek.com/2018/04/13/glenda-jackson-three-tall-women-edward-albee-broadway-866772.html |access-date=9 July 2022 |website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref> Jackson opposed the [[British monarchy]], and was a [[Republicanism in the United Kingdom|republican]].<ref>{{cite web |date=4 March 2013 |title=Republic &#124; Our Supporters |url=http://www.republic.org.uk/Who%20we%20are/Our%20Supporters%20Include/index.php |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304173338/http://www.republic.org.uk/Who%20we%20are/Our%20Supporters%20Include/index.php |archive-date=4 March 2013 |access-date=4 October 2015}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]''{{'}}s [[Simon Hattenstone]] summed up Jackson's views as "traditional Labour, solidarity, feminism".<ref name="The Guardian-2016">{{cite web |date=14 December 2016 |title=Glenda Jackson on her scary reputation: 'I've never understood the fear thing' |url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2016/dec/14/glenda-jackson-scary-reputation-never-understood-fear-thing-lear-labour |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Jackson had been an outspoken [[feminist]], criticising the lack of gender equality for women.<ref>{{cite web |last=Graham |first=Jane |date=27 June 2022 |title=Glenda Jackson: 'What made me give up acting and go into politics was Margaret Thatcher' |url=https://www.bigissue.com/news/politics/glenda-jackson-what-made-me-give-up-acting-and-go-into-politics-was-margaret-thatcher/ |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=[[The Big Issue]]}}</ref>

In the [[1992 Labour Party leadership election]], Jackson supported the successful candidate, [[John Smith (Labour Party leader)|John Smith]]. In the [[1994 Labour Party leadership election|1994 leadership election]], she backed [[Tony Blair]], who won the contest and subsequently became prime minister.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=237 |oclc=42790640}}</ref> Jackson voiced her support for Blair's successor [[Gordon Brown]] as prime minister in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2008 |title=GLENDA JACKSON: Brown is the right man to lead us through crisis |url=https://www.hamhigh.co.uk/news/glenda-jackson-brown-is-the-right-man-to-lead-us-7655522 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Hampstead & Highgate Express |language=en-GB}}</ref> Brown appeared with Jackson on a campaign visit for the 2010 general election, with him describing her as "a very close friend".<ref>{{cite web |title=Prime Minister Gordon Brown in Kilburn to help 'close friend' Glenda Jackson |url=https://www.camdennewjournal.co.uk/article/prime-minister-gordon-brown-kilburn-help-close-friend-glenda-jackson |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=[[Camden New Journal]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> In the [[2010 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|2010 leadership election]], with Brown having stood down, Jackson voted for [[David Miliband]], considered to be more of a political moderate than his younger brother, [[Ed Miliband]], a figure on the party's [[soft left]] who was ultimately elected as party leader.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 August 2014 |title=Glenda Jackson: "Britain is in danger of being governed by pensioners like me" |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk-politics/2014/08/glenda-jackson-britain-danger-being-governed-pensioners-me |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=[[New Statesman]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Following her departure from Parliament, the Labour Party elected [[Jeremy Corbyn]] as its leader. Jackson stated that she supported him "as a person", and would have nominated him in the [[2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|2015 leadership election]]. She qualified her support, adding: "Never in a million years would I have voted for him, though."<ref name="The Guardian-2016" />

In the [[1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum]], Jackson voted against Britain continuing in the [[European Economic Community]]. She subsequently changed her mind on the issue, and supported Britain remaining in the [[European Union]] in the [[2016 Brexit referendum]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=238–239 |oclc=42790640}}</ref><ref name="The Guardian-2020" /> Despite this, she disagreed with calls for a second vote, such as by [[People's Vote]]. To this effect, she stated her admiration for the then prime minister [[Theresa May]]; when this subject matter was queried by the interviewer, ''The Guardian''{{'}}s [[Emma Brockes]], Jackson responded: "I've certainly admired her in the way she has handled herself over [[Brexit]], yes! I do admire her for her tenacity, trying to deliver the referendum result to the people of our country, even though I disapproved of it."<ref name="The Guardian-2020" /><ref name="The Guardian-2019">{{cite web |date=2 March 2019 |title=Glenda Jackson: 'I'm a big admirer of Theresa May' |url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2019/mar/02/glenda-jackson-why-i-admire-theresa-may-acting-king-lear-emma-brockes |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref>

Interviewed in July 2020, shortly after [[Keir Starmer]] had taken over as party leader from Corbyn, Jackson declared herself happy with him in the role.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 August 2020 |title=Glenda Jackson interview: 'My family's anxious every time I sneeze' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/glenda-jackson-interview-elizabeth-is-missing-baftas-boris-johnson-metoo-a9644421.html |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> In July 2022, she commented on Starmer, saying: "I just wish Keir would get someone to help him develop his voice." She called it "one of his big drawbacks".<ref name="Griffiths-2022" /> That same month, she said that Parliament had not been welcoming to women when she was voted in during the [[1992 United Kingdom general election|1992 general election]].<ref name="independent 2022">{{cite web|date=3 July 2022|title=Glenda Jackson says Commons culture is 'by no means equal yet'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/glenda-jackson-commons-mps-gordon-brown-house-of-commons-b2114977.html|access-date=10 July 2023|website=The Independent}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Glenda Jackson (40443371183).jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Jackson on Broadway, March 2019]]

=== Marriage and relationships ===
In 1957, Jackson met Roy Hodges, a stage manager and fellow actor in their repertory theatre company. The pair soon embarked upon a relationship.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=34–35 |oclc=42790640}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Woodward |first=Ian |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11658097 |title=Glenda Jackson: a study in fire and ice |date=1985 |publisher=[[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] |isbn=0-297-78533-8 |location=London |pages=27–28 |oclc=11658097}}</ref> Jackson and Hodges were married on 2 August 1958 at St Marylebone Register Office in London.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=36–37 |oclc=42790640}}</ref> Their son, [[Daniel Pearce Jackson Hodges|Dan]], was born in 1969; Jackson was six months pregnant when filming on ''Women in Love'' was completed.<ref>{{cite web |last=Stott |first=Catherine |date=28 November 2017 |title=An interview with Glenda Jackson – archive, 28 November 1969 |url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2017/nov/28/glenda-jackson-interview-women-in-love-1969 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Daniel is a former Labour Party adviser and commentator, who works as a newspaper columnist for ''[[The Mail on Sunday]]''.<ref name="pr">{{cite news |last=Hall |first=Ian |title=Profile: Dan Hodges, Freedom To Fly |url=http://www.prweek.com/news/171693/ |date=28 February 2003 |work=[[PR Week]] |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hasan |first=Mehdi |author-link=Mehdi Hasan |title=Mehdi Hasan: Dan Hodges. The Truth. And me. |date=20 October 2011 |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/mehdi-hasan/2011/10/dan-hodges-labour-miliband|magazine=[[New Statesman]]|access-date=18 April 2020 |url-access=registration}}</ref> When told by her son that he was going to write for a Conservative newspaper, Jackson replied, "Well, I'll have to emigrate!"<ref name="The Guardian-2019" />

Jackson's marriage was running into difficulties by the early 1970s, and in 1975, she began an affair with Andy Phillips, the lighting director for the production of ''Hedda Gabler'' in which she was starring at the time.<ref name="Bryant-1999-2">{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=131–141, 144–146 |oclc=42790640}}</ref> Hodges sued Jackson for divorce on the grounds of her adultery with Phillips in November that year, and they were divorced in 1976.<ref name="Bryant-1999-2" /><ref name="time">{{cite magazine |date=9 February 1976 |title=Milestones |magazine=Time |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917985,00.html |url-status=dead |access-date=4 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417111408/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917985,00.html |archive-date=17 April 2010}}</ref> Jackson and Phillips were in an on-off relationship until 1981.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=170 |oclc=42790640}}</ref> It was reported in 2016 that she had been "happily single for decades".<ref name="The Guardian-2016" />

=== Interests ===
During the early years of her career, Jackson and her husband lived in [[Swiss Cottage]], northwest London, an area she would later represent as an MP.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=Glenda Jackson answers your questions: 'I think that's a gross insult about politicians and actors, frankly' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jun/16/glenda-jackson-answers-your-questions-i-think-thats-a-gross-insult-about-politicians-and-actors-frankly |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> In the late 1960s, the pair moved to [[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]], southeast London.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bryant |first=Christopher |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42790640 |title=Glenda Jackson: the biography |date=1999 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-255911-0 |location=London |pages=94 |oclc=42790640}}</ref> Later, she lived in a basement [[granny flat]] there, with her son, daughter-in-law and grandson upstairs.<ref name="The Guardian-2020" /> Jackson listed her interests in ''[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]'' as cooking, gardening and reading [[Jane Austen]].<ref name="WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO-2007" />

===Death===
Jackson died at her Blackheath home on 15 June 2023, at the age of 87 following a brief illness.<ref name="BBC News-2023" /> In tribute to Jackson, on the day of her death, the BBC broadcast a repeat of her interview with [[John Wilson (broadcaster)|John Wilson]] first shown in an edition of ''This Cultural Life'' in October 2022,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m001crx3/this-cultural-life-series-2-glenda-jackson |title=This Cultural Life Series 2: Glenda Jackson |date=15 June 2023 |publisher=BBC |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref> followed by the 2019 drama ''Elizabeth Is Missing''.<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC Four – Schedules |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/schedules/p00fzl6b |access-date=16 June 2023 |publisher=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Acting credits and accolades ==
{{Main|List of Glenda Jackson performances|List of awards and nominations received by Glenda Jackson}}

===Commonwealth honours===
; Commonwealth honours

{| class="wikitable"
! | Country
! | Date
! | Appointment
! | Post-nominal letters
|-
| {{Flagu|United Kingdom}} || '''1978{{ndash}}''' || [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (Civil Division) || CBE
|-
|}

===Scholastic===
; Chancellor, visitor, governor, rector and fellowships
{| class="wikitable" 
! | Location
! | Date
! | School
! | Position
|-
| {{Flagu|England}} ||  || [[Liverpool John Moores University]] || Honorary Fellow<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ljmu.ac.uk/about-us/about-liverpool-john-moores-university/fellows/honorary-fellows-index|title=Honorary Fellows Index|website=Ljmu.ac.uk|access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
|}

{{Incomplete list|date=July 2020}}

===Honorary degrees===
;

{| class="wikitable"
! | Location
! | Date
! | School
! | Degree
! | Status
|-
| {{Flagu|England}} || '''9 July 1978''' || [[University of Liverpool]] || [[Doctor of Letters]] (D.Litt.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shutterstock.com/editorial/image-editorial/actress-glenda-jackson-pictured-at-liverpool-university-jackson-left-school-at-16-with-three-olevels-was-made-a-doctor-of-letters-yesterday-glenda-who-was-born-in-birkenhead-crossed-the-river-mersey-to-accept-the-honoraryaward-at-the-degree-cerem-3317628a|title=Actress Glenda Jackson Pictured Liverpool University Jackson Editorial Stock Photo – Stock Image &#124; Shutterstock|website=Shutterstock.com|access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref> || 
|-
| {{Flagu|United States}} || '''1981''' || [[University of Scranton]] || Doctorate<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scranton.edu/about/presidents-office/honorary-degree-recipients.shtml|title=Honorary Degree Recipients &#124; About Us|website=Scranton.edu|access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref> || 
|-
| {{Flagu|England}} || '''1987''' || [[Keele University]] || [[Doctor of Letters]] (D.Litt.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keele.ac.uk/media/keeleuniversity/sas/governancedocs/committees/council/HONORARY%20DEGREES%20AWARDED%20BY%20THE%20UNIVERSITY%20OF%20KEELE%20as%20of%20July%202019.pdf|title=HONORARY DEGREES AWARDED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF KEELE|website=Keele.ac.uk|access-date=2 November 2021|archive-date=25 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725004825/https://www.keele.ac.uk/media/keeleuniversity/sas/governancedocs/committees/council/HONORARY%20DEGREES%20AWARDED%20BY%20THE%20UNIVERSITY%20OF%20KEELE%20as%20of%20July%202019.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 
|-
| {{Flagu|England}} || '''1988''' || [[University of Exeter]] || [[Doctor of Letters]] (D.Litt.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exeter.ac.uk/about/honorarygraduates/previous/|title=Previous honorary graduates &#124; Honorary graduates |publisher=University of Exeter|access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref> || 
|-
| {{Flagu|England}} || '''1992''' || [[University of Nottingham]] || [[Doctor of Letters]] (D.Litt.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/registrar/documents/hon-deg-list-nov2021.pdf|title=Honorary graduates of the University of Nottingham|publisher=University of Nottingham|access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref> || 
|-
| {{Flagu|England}} || '''1992''' || [[Durham University]] || [[Doctor of Letters]] (D.Litt.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dur.ac.uk/university.calendar/volumei/honorary_degrees/|title=University Calendar : Honorary Degrees |publisher=Durham University|access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref> || 
|-
|}

{{Incomplete list|date=July 2020}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{sister project links|d=Q182408|c=category:Glenda Jackson|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no|m=no|mw=no}}

* {{AFI person | 62292-Glenda-Jackson }}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{IBDB name}}
* {{Tcmdb name}}
* {{Screenonline name|id=453072}}
* {{Discogs artist|Glenda Jackson}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCRQ3rRuAjQ Glenda Jackson in conversation | BFI Q&A]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081004041722/http://www.camdenlabour.org.uk/ Camden Labour Party]
* {{UK MP links | parliament = glenda-jackson/175 | hansard = ms-glenda-jackson | hansardcurr = 1140 | guardian = 2669/glenda-jackson | publicwhip = Glenda_Jackson | theywork = glenda_jackson | record = Glenda-Jackson/Hampstead-and-Kilburn/227 | bbc = 25521.stm | journalisted = glenda-jackson }}
* {{NPG name}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Geoffrey Finsberg]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Member of Parliament for [[Hampstead and Highgate]]
| years = [[1992 United Kingdom general election|1992]]–[[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010]]
}}
{{s-non
| reason = {{nowrap|Constituency abolished}}
}}
|-
{{s-new|constituency
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Member of Parliament for [[Hampstead and Kilburn]]
| years = [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010]]–[[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015]]
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Tulip Siddiq]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Navboxes
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Glenda Jackson|Awards for Glenda Jackson]]
|list =
{{Academy Award Best Actress}}
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role}}
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress}}
{{Critics' Circle Theatre Award for Best Actress}}
{{David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actress}}
{{DramaDesk PlayActress}}
{{Distinguished Performance Award}}
{{International Emmy for Best Performance by an Actress}}
{{EmmyAward DramaLeadActress}}
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress}}
{{Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actress}}
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}
{{Golden Globe Award Best Actress Motion Picture Musical or Comedy}}
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}
{{The Richard Harris Award}}
{{Silver Shell for Best Actress}}
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress}}
{{Trewin Award for Best Shakespearean Performance}}
}}
{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Glenda}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century British politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century British women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]
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[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]
[[Category:Actors from the London Borough of Camden]]
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[[Category:Actresses from Birkenhead]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]
[[Category:ASLEF-sponsored MPs]]
[[Category:BBC people]]
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]
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[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]
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[[Category:British actor-politicians]]
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[[Category:David di Donatello winners]]
[[Category:English film actresses]]
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[[Category:Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies]]
[[Category:International Emmy Award for Best Actress winners]]
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners]]
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]
[[Category:People educated at West Kirby Grammar School]]
[[Category:People from Blackheath, London]]
[[Category:Politicians from Birkenhead]]
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[[Category:People from Swiss Cottage]]
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1992–1997]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1997–2001]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2001–2005]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2005–2010]]
[[Category:UK MPs 2010–2015]]