Editing Glarus Alps

{{Short description|Mountain range in central Switzerland}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox mountain
 | name              = Glarus Alps
 | native_name       = {{native name|de|Glarner Alpen}}
 | topo_map          = Swiss Federal Office of Topography [[swisstopo]]
 | photo             = Braunwald Alps.jpg
 | photo_caption     = Glarus Alps from [[Braunwald, Glarus|Braunwald]]
 | country           = [[Switzerland]]
 | subdivision1_type = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Cantons]]
 | subdivision1      = {{hlist|[[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]]|[[Canton of Uri|Uri]]|[[Graubünden]]|[[Canton of St. Gallen|St Gallen]]}}
 | parent            = Western Alps
 | borders_on        = {{hlist|[[Uri Alps]]|[[Schwyz Alps]]|[[Appenzell Alps]]|[[Lepontine Alps]]|[[Western Rhaetian Alps]]}}
 | length_mi         = 
 | length_orientation= 
 | width_mi          = 
 | width_orientation = 
 | geology           = 
 | orogeny           = [[Alpine orogeny]]
 | highest           = Tödi
 | elevation_m       = 3614
 | coordinates       = {{coord|46|48|40|N|8|54|53|E|type:mountain_region:CH_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline}}
 | range_coordinates = {{coord|46|55.9|N|8|54.9|E|type:mountain_region:CH_scale:300000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
 | map_image         = Glarner Alpen Map.png
 | map_caption       = 
}}

The '''Glarus Alps''' ({{langx|de|Glarner Alpen}}) are a [[mountain range]] in central [[Switzerland]]. They are bordered by the [[Uri Alps]] and the [[Schwyz Alps]] to the west, the [[Lepontine Alps]] to the south, the [[Appenzell Alps]] to the northeast. The eastern part of the Glarus Alps contains a major [[thrust fault]] that was declared a geologic [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] (the [[Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona]]).

The Glarus Alps extend well beyond the [[canton of Glarus]], including parts of the cantons of [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Graubünden]], and [[Canton of St Gallen|St Gallen]]. Conversely, not all the mountains in the canton of Glarus are part of the Glarus Alps, with those to the north of the [[Urner Boden]] and to the west of the valley of the river [[Linth]] considered to be part of the [[Schwyz Alps]].

==Geography==
[[File:Bifertenstock2.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Bifertenstock]] above Lake [[Limmernsee]]]]
[[File:Calfeisen.jpg|thumb|left|Calfeisen valley]]
The main chain of the Glarus Alps can be divided into six minor groups, separated from each other by passes, the lowest of which exceeds 7,500&nbsp;ft. The westernmost of these is the Crispalt, a rugged range including many peaks of nearly equal height. The highest of these are the [[Piz Giuv]] (3,096 m) and [[Piz Nair (Glarus Alps)|Piz Nair]]. The name ''Crispalt'' is given to a southern, but secondary, peak of Piz Giuv, measuring 3,070 m. West of the main group is the Rienzenstock, while a northern outlier culminates in the [[Bristen]]. East of the Crispalt, the [[Chrüzli Pass]] separates this from the rather higher mass of the [[Oberalpstock]] (3,328 m).<ref name = Ball>[[John Ball (naturalist)|John Ball]], ''The Alpine Guide, Central Alps'', 1866, London</ref>

Here occurs a partial break in the continuity of the chain. The crest of the snowy range connecting the Oberalpstock with the [[Tödi]] nowhere sinks to 9,000 feet, but makes a sweep convex to the north, forming a semicircular recess, whose numerous torrents are all poured into the [[Rhine]] through the [[Val Russein]] below [[Disentis]]. Two glacier passes lead over this part of the chain — one to west, over the Brunnigletscher to the [[Maderanertal]]; the other to the north-east, over the Sand Glacier, to the [[Linthal, Glarus|Linthal]].<ref name = Ball/>

[[File:Hausstock und Ruchi.jpg|thumb|The massif of the [[Hausstock]]]]
The [[Tödi]], the highest of the range and of north-eastern Switzerland (3,614 m), is attended by numerous secondary peaks that arise from the extensive snow-fields surrounding the central mountain. A very considerable outlyer, whose chief summits are the [[Schärhorn]] and the [[Gross Windgällen]], belonging to the canton of Uri, is connected with the Tödi by the range of the [[Clariden]] {{Not a typo|Grat}}, north to the [[Hüfi Glacier]]. A less important branch encloses the [[Biferten Glacier]], and terminates in the [[Selbsanft]], south of Tierfehd. Towards the valley of the Vorderrhein a high promontory stretches nearly due south from the central peaks of the Tödi, and is crowned by the summit of the Piz Posta Biala. Another considerable ramification of the same mass terminates farther to the east in the peak of the [[Cavistrau]].<ref name = Ball/>

The [[Kisten Pass]] separates the Tödi group from the [[Hausstock]], whose summit attains 3,158 m; a branch of this latter group forms the range of the [[Kärpf]] in the canton of Glarus. The Hausstock is cut off from the rather lower but more extended mass of the [[Vorab]] by the [[Panixer Pass]] (7,907&nbsp;ft). Numerous summits, of which the Vorab proper and [[Piz Grisch]] are the most important, approach very near, but do not quite attain to 10,000 feet.<ref name = Ball/>

The eastern limit of the latter group is marked by the {{ill|Segnas Pass|de|Segnaspass}} — the most frequented of those connecting the Canton Glarus with the Vorderrhein — beyond which arises a wide-stretching mass of rock and glacier, which is part of the [[Glarus thrust]] and culminates at [[Piz Sardona]]. This mass is cleft by a deep valley — the Calfeisental: one branch, culminating in the [[Pizol]] (2,844 m), extends east over [[Pfäfers]], while another, including the highest peak of the [[canton of St. Gallen]], the [[Ringelspitz]] (3,247 m), runs due east to the low Kunkels Pass (1,357 m), separating this range from the [[Calanda (mountain)|Calanda]].<ref name = Ball/>
{{clear left}}

==Principal summits==
{{See also|List of mountains in Switzerland}}
[[File:Tödi2.jpg|thumb|Selbsanft and Tödi]]
[[File:GlarnerAlpen.jpg|thumb|View from the summit of Fronalpstock]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border-collapse: collapse"
!Name
!Altitude
|-
|[[Piz Russein]] (Tödi) || {{cvt|3613|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Bifertenstock]] || {{cvt|3419|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Piz Urlaun]] || {{cvt|3358|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Oberalpstock]] || {{cvt|3328|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Gross Schärhorn]] || {{cvt|3297|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Clariden]] || {{cvt|3267|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Gross Düssi]] || {{cvt|3256|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Cavistrau Grond]] || {{cvt|3251|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Ringelspitz]] || {{cvt|3247|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Gross Windgällen]]|| {{cvt|3192|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Hausstock]] || {{cvt|3152|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Gross Ruchen]] || {{cvt|3136|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Tristelhorn]]
|{{cvt|3114|m|ft|0|abbr=}}
|-
|[[Ruchi (Glarus Alps)|Ruchi]] || {{cvt|3107|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Piz Segnas]] || {{cvt|3102|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Piz Giuv]] || {{cvt|3098|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Muttenstock]] || {{cvt|3089|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Hinderi Schibe]] || {{cvt|3083|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Crispalt]] || {{cvt|3080|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Bristen]] || {{cvt|3074|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Piz Cazarauls]] || {{cvt|3063|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Hinter Selbsanft]] || {{cvt|3028|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Bündner Vorab]] || {{cvt|3025|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Crap Mats]] || {{cvt|2947|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Piz Avat]] || {{cvt|2910|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Nüschenstock]] || {{cvt|2893|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Piz Ner]] || {{cvt|2859|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Tschingelhörner]] || {{cvt|2850|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Piz Sol Grauehorner]] || {{cvt|2849|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Sazmartinshorn]]|| {{cvt|2827|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Zanaihorn]]|| {{cvt|2821|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Mättlenstöck]]|| {{cvt|2808|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Calanda (mountain)|Calanda]]|| {{cvt|2805|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Kärpf]] || {{cvt|2797|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Piz Alpetta]] || {{cvt|2764|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Piz Dado]] || {{cvt|2699|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Hangsackgrat]] || {{cvt|2634|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Alpler Torstock]] || {{cvt|2622|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Fahnenstock]] || {{cvt|2612|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Schijen (Glarus Alps)|Schijen]] || {{cvt|2610|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Magerrain]] || {{cvt|2528|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Blistock]] || {{cvt|2448|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Mürtschenstock]] || {{cvt|2442|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Hochfinsler]] || {{cvt|2423|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Fil da Rueun]] || {{cvt|2351|m|ft|0}}
|-
|[[Chratzerengrat]] || {{Cvt|2349|m||abbr=}}
|-
|[[Hochmättli]] || {{Cvt|2252|m||abbr=}}
|}

==Glaciers==
Main [[glacier]]s :

*[[Hüfi Glacier]]
*[[Limmern Glacier]]
*[[Biferten Glacier]]
*[[Vorab Glacier]]

==Passes==
[[File:Oberalppass Ostrampe.jpg|thumb|Oberalppass, eastern rise]]
The chief [[mountain pass|passes]] of the Tödi Range, from the [[Oberalp Pass]] to the [[Klausen Pass]], are:<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Alps |volume=1 |page=744 |first=Philip |last=Lake |author-link=Philip Lake}}</ref>

:''Note: road status {{as of|1911|lc=on}}.''

{|  class="wikitable sortable" style="border-collapse: collapse"
|-
! Mountain pass
! Location
! Type (as of 1911)
! Elevation
|-
| Clariden Pass, Hüfi Pass
| [[Maderanertal]] to [[Linthal, Glarus|Linthal]]
| snow
| {{cvt|2942|m|ft|0}}
|-
| Planura
| Maderanertal to Linthal
| snow
| {{cvt|2921|m|ft|0}}
|-
| Chammlilücke
| Maderanertal to [[Unterschächen]]
| snow
| {{cvt|2833|m|ft|0}}
|-
| Sardona Pass
| [[Flims]] to [[Vättis]]
| snow
| {{cvt|2757|m|ft|0}}
|-
| Sand Alp Pass
| [[Disentis]] to Linthal
| snow
| {{cvt|2780|m|ft|0}}
|-
| Brunni Pass
| Disentis to Maderanertal
| snow
| {{cvt|2721|m|ft|0}}
|-
| {{ill|Segnas Pass|de|Segnaspass}}
| [[Elm, Switzerland|Elm]] to [[Flims]]
| footpath
| {{cvt|2625|m|ft|0}}
|-
| [[Kisten Pass]] or Pass-Lembra
| Linthal to [[Breil/Brigels]]
| bad bridle path
| {{cvt|2501|m|ft|0}}
|-
| [[Panixer Pass]]
| Elm to [[Pigniu]]
| bad bridle path
| {{cvt|2407|m|ft|0}}
|-
| [[Chrüzli Pass]]
| Maderanertal to [[Sedrun]]
| footpath
| {{cvt|2346|m|ft|0}}
|-
| [[Foo Pass]]
| Elm to [[Weisstannen]]
| bridle path
| {{cvt|2222|m|ft|0}}
|-
| [[Oberalp Pass]]
| [[Andermatt]] to Disentis
| carriage road
| {{cvt|2044|m|ft|0}}
|-
| [[Klausen Pass]]
| [[Altdorf, Uri|Altdorf]] to Linthal
| carriage road
| {{cvt|1948|m|ft|0}}
|}

==See also==
*[[Swiss Alps]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[[Swisstopo]] maps

==Maps==
* Swiss official cartography (''[[Swiss Federal Office of Topography]]'' - Swisstopo); on-line version: [http://map.geo.admin.ch/ map.geo.admin.ch]

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Glarner Alps|Glarus Alps}}
* [http://www.summitpost.org/area/range/170954/glarus-alps.html The Glarus Alps on SummitPost]
{{Western Alps}}{{SOIUSA sections of the Alps}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mountain ranges of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Landforms of the canton of Glarus]]
[[Category:Glarus–Graubünden border]]
[[Category:Graubünden–Uri border]]
[[Category:Graubünden–St. Gallen border]]
[[Category:Glarus–St. Gallen border]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of the Alps]]
[[Category:Swiss Alps]]
[[Category:Western Alps]]