Editing Glans penis

{{Short description|End of the penis}}
{{about|the glans penis|other uses|glans}} {{redirect|Bellend|the English village|Bell End}}
{{pp-pc1}}
{{Infobox anatomy
| Name        = Glans penis 
| synonyms    =
| pronunciation = 
| Latin       = glans penis
| Image       = Glans Penis of A Human.jpg
| Caption     = Human penile glans (dorsal view)
| Width       = 190
| Image2      = Anat09IMG 0034.jpg
| Caption2    = Glans (ventral view)
| Precursor   = [[Genital tubercle]]
| System      = [[Genitourinary system|Urogenital system]]
| Part_of    = [[Penis]]
| Artery      = [[Dorsal artery of the penis]]
| Vein        = [[Dorsal veins of the penis]]
| Nerve       = [[Dorsal nerve of the penis]]
| Lymph       = 
}}
In [[male]] [[human anatomy]], the '''glans penis''' or '''penile glans''',<ref>{{cite book|last1=Greenburg|first1=Jerrold S.|last2=Bruess|first2=Clint E.|title = Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality | publisher = Jones & Bartlett Learning |year = 2016|page=267|isbn= 978-1-28408-154-1 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8iarCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA267}}</ref> commonly referred to as the '''glans''', ({{IPAc-en|g|l|æ||n|z|}}; from [[Latin]] ''glans'' meaning "acorn")<ref>{{cite book|last=Hodgson|first=Charles|title = Carnal Knowledge: A Navel Gazer's Dictionary of Anatomy, Etymology, and Trivia | publisher = St. Martin's Publishing Group |year = 2015|page=179|isbn= 978-1-46689-043-5 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=g5nYBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA179}}</ref> is the bulbous structure at the [[Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal|distal]] end of the [[human penis]] that is the human male's most sensitive [[erogenous zone]] and primary [[anatomical]] source of [[Human sexuality|sexual]] pleasure.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Olausson |first1=Håkan |title=Affective Touch and the Neurophysiology of CT Afferents |last2=Wessberg |first2=Johan |last3=Morrison |first3=India |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-4939-6418-5 |pages=305 |quote=...the most pleasurable of all body parts when stimulated sexually: the glans (or tip) of the penis.}}</ref><ref name="yangcc"/> The glans penis is present in the male [[reproductive system|reproductive organs]] of [[human]]s and most other [[mammal]]s where it may appear smooth, spiny, elongated or divided.<ref name="Renfree1987"/> It is externally lined with [[Mucosa|mucosal tissue]], which creates a smooth texture and glossy appearance. In humans, the glans is located over the distal ends of the [[Corpus cavernosum penis|corpora cavernosa]] and is a continuation of the [[Corpus spongiosum (penis)|corpus spongiosum]] of the penis. At the summit appears the [[urinary meatus]] and at the base forms the [[Corona of glans penis|corona glandis]]. An elastic band of tissue, known as the [[Penile frenulum|frenulum]], runs on its ventral surface. In men who are not [[Circumcision|circumcised]], it is completely or partially covered by a fold of skin called the [[foreskin]]. In adults, the foreskin can generally be retracted over and past the glans manually or sometimes automatically during an [[erection]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Keenan-Lindsay |first1=Lisa |title=Maternal Child Nursing Care in Canada |last2=Sams |first2=Cheryl |last3=O'Connor |first3=Constance |last4=Perry |first4=Shannon |last5=Hockenberry |first5=Marilyn |last6=Leonard Lowdermilk |first6=Deitra |last7=Wilson |first7=David |date=December 17, 2021 |publisher=[[Elsevier Health Sciences]] |isbn=978-0-323-75920-5 |pages=501}}</ref>

The glans penis develops as the terminal end of the [[genital tubercle]] during the [[Male_reproductive_system#Development|embryonic development of the male fetus]]. The tubercle is present in the [[embryo]]s of both [[sex]]es as an outgrowth in the caudal region that later develops into a [[primordial phallus]]. Exposure to [[male hormones]] ([[androgen]]s) initiates the tubercle's development into a penis making the glans penis anatomically [[List of related male and female reproductive organs|homologous to]] the [[Clitoris#Glans|clitoral glans]] in females.<ref name="George, Wilson"/><ref name=":0"/> 

The glans is more commonly known as the "head" or the "tip" of the penis, and colloquially referred to in [[British English]] and [[Hiberno-English|Irish English]] as the "bellend".

[[File:Anatomy of the human glans penis.png|thumb|200px|Internal anatomy of human glans penis: {{olist
 |Fascia penis
 |Corpus cavernosum
 |Coronal sulcus
 |Corona of glans
 |Foreskin
 |Glans penis
 |Meatus of the urethra
 |Navicular fossa of male urethra
 |Tunica albuginea of penis
 |Corpus spongiosum
 |Urethra
}}]]

==Structure==
[[File:Gray1158.png|thumb|310px|Diagram of the arteries of the penis and its glans]]
[[File:Gray1154.png|thumb|210px|The glans penis as the expansion of the corpus spongiosum]]

The glans penis is a body of spongy [[erectile tissue]] that is moulded on the rounded ends of the two [[Corpus cavernosum penis|corpora cavernosa penis]],<ref name="SchattenConstantinescu2008">{{cite book |last1=Schatten |first1=Heide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6iNdSk7gPf4C&q=%22corpus+spongiosum%22+penis&pg=PA10 |title=Comparative Reproductive Biology |last2=Constantinescu |first2=Gheorghe M. |date=21 March 2008 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-39025-2}}</ref> extending farther on their upper than on their lower surfaces. It is the expanded cap of the [[corpus spongiosum]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Shin-Hyo |last2=Ha |first2=Tae-Jun |last3=Koh |first3=Ki-Seok |last4=Song |first4=Wu-Chul |date=2019 |title=Ligamentous structures in human glans penis |journal=Journal of Anatomy |language=en |volume=234 |issue=1 |pages=83–88 |doi=10.1111/joa.12896 |pmid=30450557|pmc=6284436 }}</ref> a sponge-like region that surrounds the male [[urethra]] within the penis maintaining it as a viable channel for [[ejaculation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=penis {{!}} Description, Anatomy, & Physiology {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/penis |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924163237/https://www.britannica.com/science/penis |url-status=live }}</ref> The glans is covered by a [[stratified squamous epithelium]] and a dense layer of [[connective tissue]] equivalent to the [[dermis]] of typical skin.<ref name=":5"/> The papillary layer of the dermis blends into the dense connective tissue forming the [[Tunica albuginea (penis)|tunica albuginea]] of the corpus spongiosum behind the glans.<ref name=":5"/> The external lining with [[Mucous membrane|mucosal tissue]] is responsible for its typical smooth texture and appearance.

The increase of [[Artery|arterial]] flow during [[erection]] fills the erectile tissue with blood causing the glans to grow in size and sensitivity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dean |first1=Robert C. |last2=Lue |first2=Tom F. |date=2005–2011 |title=Physiology of Penile Erection and Pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction |journal=The Urologic Clinics of North America |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=379–v |doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2005.08.007 |issn=0094-0143 |pmc=1351051 |pmid=16291031}}</ref> While the penis is rigid when erect, the glans itself remains slightly softer.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Hsu |first1=Geng-Long |title=Penis Structure—Erection |date=2018-01-01 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128012383646032 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Reproduction (Second Edition) |pages=367–375 |editor-last=Skinner |editor-first=Michael K. |access-date=2023-07-06 |place=Oxford |publisher=Academic Press |language=en |isbn=978-0-12-815145-7 |last2=Lu |first2=Hsiu-Chen}}</ref> The soft cushiony texture of the glans absorbs impact during rigorous instances of copulation.<ref>HSU, G‐L., et al. "The distribution of elastic fibrous elements within the human penis." BJU International 73.5 (1994): 566-571.</ref> The proportional size of the glans penis can vary among males. While the shape of the glans is typically acorn-like, in some men it might be wider in circumference than the shaft, giving the penis a mushroom-like appearance, while in others it might be narrower and more akin to a probe in shape.

The reason for the shape of the glans is uncertain. Some researchers have suggested that it evolved to become acorn-, mushroom- or cone-shaped so that, during copulation, it acts to remove any semen from previous sex partners. However, that is not supported when looking at [[primate]] relatives which have different mating behaviors.<ref>Gallup, Gordon G., et al. "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebecca_Burch2/publication/225573839_Semen_displacement_as_a_sperm_competition_strategy/links/560c1d6508aea68653d354bd.pdf The human penis as a semen displacement device] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213135141/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebecca_Burch2/publication/225573839_Semen_displacement_as_a_sperm_competition_strategy/links/560c1d6508aea68653d354bd.pdf |date=2018-02-13 }}." Evolution and Human Behavior 24.4 (2003): 277-289</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dixson|first1=Alan F.|title=Sexual Selection and the Origins of Human Mating Systems|date=2009|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-156973-9|page=68|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRTniKE2liYC&pg=PA68|language=en}}</ref>  

At the summit of the glans is the slit-like vertical external urethral orifice, called the [[urinary meatus]], through which urine, [[semen]] and [[pre-ejaculate|pre-ejaculatory fluid]] exit the penis. The circumference of the base of the glans forms a rounded projecting border, the [[Corona of glans penis|corona glandis]], overhanging a deep retroglandular [[sulcus (morphology)|groove]] known as the ''coronal sulcus''. Behind the corona is the neck of the penis, which separates the glans and the penile shaft. Ventrally, the two glans wings merge on the midline forming the [[septum glandis]] and a triangle or a V-shaped area under it. The [[Penile frenulum|frenulum]] is the highly [[Blood vessel|vascularized]] elastic band of tissue located on the underside of the glans that connects the foreskin to the head of the penis. The frenulum is supple enough to allow the retraction of the foreskin over the glans and pull it back when the erection is gone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Penis Frenulum: Location, Function & Conditions |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23533-penis-frenulum |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=Cleveland Clinic |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924163238/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23533-penis-frenulum |url-status=live }}</ref> In flaccid state, it tightens to narrow the foreskin opening.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|year=2007|title=Male circumcision: Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241596169_eng.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=2009-06-12|archive-date=2015-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715135808/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241596169_eng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Innervation ===
The glans and the frenulum are [[nerve|innervated]] by the bilateral [[dorsal nerve of the penis]] and the [[perineal nerve]], both divisions of the [[pudendal nerve]].<ref name=":6">{{Citation |last1=Weech |first1=David |title=Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Penis Dorsal Nerve |date=2022 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525966/ |work=StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=30247841 |access-date=2022-09-26 |last2=Ameer |first2=Muhammad Atif |last3=Ashurst |first3=John V. |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405190749/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525966/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Branches of the dorsal nerve extend through the glans ventrolaterally displaying a three-dimensional innervation pattern.<ref name=":6"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Claire C. |last2=Bradley |first2=William E. |date=1999-01-01 |title=Innervation of the human glans penis |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)62075-5 |journal=Journal of Urology |volume=161 |issue=1 |pages=97–102 |doi=10.1016/S0022-5347(01)62075-5 |pmid=10037378 |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121191429/https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1016/S0022-5347%2801%2962075-5 |url-status=live }}</ref> The main branches form smaller bundles of nerves that expand outwards into the tissue of the glans.<ref name=":6"/> The rich innervation of the glans penis reveals its function as a primary anatomical source of male sexual pleasure.<ref name="yangcc"/><ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Greenberg |first1=Jerrold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NC5R0RozBYC&pg=PP1 |title=Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality |last2=Bruess |first2=Clint |last3=Conklin |first3=Sarah |date=2010-03-10 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning |isbn=978-0-7637-7660-2 |pages=132 |language=en}}</ref> Yang & Bradley argue; "the distinct pattern of innervation of the glans emphasizes its role as a sensory structure".<ref name="yangcc"/> While Yang & Bradley's (1998) report "showed no areas in the glans to be more densely innervated than others.",<ref name="yangcc">{{cite journal | last = Yang | first = C. C. |author2=W.E. Bradley |date=July 1998 | title = Neuroanatomy of the penile portion of the human dorsal nerve of the penis | journal = British Journal of Urology | volume = 82 | issue = 1 | pages = 109–13 | doi =10.1046/j.1464-410x.1998.00669.x | pmid = 9698671 }}</ref> Halata & Munger (1986) report that the density of several nerve terminals is greatest in the corona glandis.<ref name=":5"/> 

Halata & Spathe (1997) reported: "The glans penis contains a predominance of [[free nerve ending]]s, numerous genital [[bulboid corpuscles|end bulbs]] and rarely [[Pacinian corpuscle|Pacinian]] and [[Bulbous corpuscle|Ruffinian]] corpuscles. [[Merkel nerve ending]]s and [[Meissner's corpuscle]]s ([[mechanoreceptor]]s typically found in thick [[glabrous skin]]) are not present".<ref name="halata2">{{Cite book | last = Halata | first = Zdenek | author2 = A. Spaethe | chapter = Sensory Innervation of the Human Penis | year = 1997 | title = The Fate of the Male Germ Cell | pages = 265–6 | pmid = 9361804 | url = http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/halata2/ | access-date = 2006-07-07 | volume = 424 | doi = 10.1007/978-1-4615-5913-9_48 | series = Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology | isbn = 978-0-306-45696-1 | archive-date = 2006-06-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060620015859/http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/halata2/ | url-status = live }}</ref> The genital end bulbs, that are present throughout the glans, are most numerous in the corona and near the frenulum.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Halata |first1=Z. |last2=Munger |first2=B. L. |date=1986-04-23 |title=The neuroanatomical basis for the protopathic sensibility of the human glans penis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3697758/ |journal=Brain Research |volume=371 |issue=2 |pages=205–230 |doi=10.1016/0006-8993(86)90357-4 |issn=0006-8993 |pmid=3697758 |s2cid=23781274 |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925152126/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3697758/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Simple, Pacinian and Ruffinian corpuscles are identified predominantly in the corona glandis. The most numerous nerve terminals are free nerve endings present in almost every [[dermal papilla]] of the glans, as well as scattered throughout the deeper [[dermis]].<ref name=":5"/> 

=== Blood supply ===
The glans penis receives blood from the [[Internal pudendal artery|internal pudental artery]] through its branch, the [[dorsal artery of the penis]], which also supplies the foreskin, and the [[Body of penis|penile shaft]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Clement|first1=Pierre|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444632470000031|title=Handbook of Clinical Neurology|last2=Giuliano|first2=Francois|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0-444-63247-0|volume=130|pages=19–37|language=en|chapter=3 - Anatomy and physiology of genital organs – men|doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-63247-0.00003-1|pmid=26003237|issn=0072-9752|access-date=2022-10-30|archive-date=2020-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017180739/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444632470000031|url-status=live}}</ref> Behind the [[Corona of glans penis|corona]], the terminal branches of the dorsal arteries [[Anastomosis|anastomose]] with the axial arteries through perforating branches before they end in the glans.<ref>{{Citation |last=Quartey |first=J. K.M. |title=Anatomy and Blood Supply of the Urethra and Penis |date=2006 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29385-X_3 |work=Urethral Reconstructive Surgery |pages=14 |editor-last=Schreiter |editor-first=F. |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/3-540-29385-x_3 |isbn=978-3-540-29385-9 |access-date=2022-10-29 |editor2-last=Jordan |editor2-first=G.H.}}</ref> Branches of the dorsal artery curve around each side of the distal shaft to enter the glans and the frenulum ventrally.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hinman |first=F. |date=1991 |title=The blood supply to preputial island flaps |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2033699/ |journal=The Journal of Urology |volume=145 |issue=6 |pages=1232–1235 |doi=10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38584-1 |issn=0022-5347 |pmid=2033699 |access-date=2023-01-27 |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109111431/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2033699/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Venous drainage of the penis begins at the base of the glans. Small tributaries deriving from the corona form a venous plexus at the neck of the penis, known as the retro-coronal, or retro-[[wiktionary:balanic|balanic]], plexus.<ref name=":7"/> Smaller paired venules run into the frenulum and the glans from its ventral surface.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gyftopoulos |first=Kostis I. |date=2018 |title=Meatal stenosis after surgical correction of short frenulum: Is the "pull-and-burn" method the way to go? |journal=Urology Annals |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=354–357 |doi=10.4103/UA.UA_25_18 |issn=0974-7796 |pmc=6194789 |pmid=30386085 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The deep dorsal vein, one of the two [[dorsal veins of the penis]], serves as a common vessel receiving blood drained from the glans and the two [[Corpus cavernosum penis|corpora cavernosa]] through the circumflex veins that surround them.<ref name=":7">{{Citation |last=Quartey |first=J. K.M. |title=Anatomy and Blood Supply of the Urethra and Penis |date=2006 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29385-X_3 |work=Urethral Reconstructive Surgery |pages=16 |editor-last=Schreiter |editor-first=F. |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/3-540-29385-x_3 |isbn=978-3-540-29385-9 |access-date=2022-10-29 |editor2-last=Jordan |editor2-first=G.H.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hsu |first1=Geng-Long |last2=Hsieh |first2=Cheng-Hsing |last3=Wen |first3=Hsien-Sheng |last4=Chen |first4=Yi-Chang |last5=Chen |first5=Shyh-Chyan |last6=Mok |first6=Martin S. |date=2003-11-12 |title=Penile Venous Anatomy: An Additional Description and Its Clinical Implication |journal=Journal of Andrology |language=en |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=921–927 |doi=10.1002/j.1939-4640.2003.tb03145.x |pmid=14581520 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

===Foreskin===
The glans is completely or partially covered by a double-layered fold of skin, known as the [[foreskin]]. In adults, glans exposure can be easily achieved by manual retraction of the foreskin and sometimes automatically during [[erection]]. The degree of automatic foreskin retraction varies considerably depending on the foreskin length. The foreskin can be characterized as long when the preputial orifice extends beyond the glans during erection, or medium when the orifice is located around the meatus.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Velazquez |first1=Elsa F. |last2=Bock |first2=Adelaida |last3=Soskin |first3=Ana |last4=Codas |first4=Ricardo |last5=Arbo |first5=Manuel |last6=Cubilla |first6=Antonio L. |year=2003 |title=Preputial variability and preferential association of long phimotic foreskins with penile cancer: An anatomic comparative study of types of foreskin in a general population and cancer patients |journal=The American Journal of Surgical Pathology |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=994–998 |doi=10.1097/00000478-200307000-00015 |issn=0147-5185 |pmid=12826892 |s2cid=34091663 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12826892/ |url-status=live |access-date=2022-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108122414/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12826892/ |archive-date=2022-11-08 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The primary purpose of the foreskin is considered to be the covering of the glans and the [[urinary meatus]],<ref>{{cite book |vauthors = Kirby R, Carson C, Kirby M |year=2009 |title=Men's Health |edition= 3rd |location=New York, NY |publisher=Informa Healthcare |isbn=978-1-4398-0807-8 |oclc=314774041 |page=283}}</ref><ref name=dobanavacki>{{cite journal |vauthors = Dobanovacki D, Lucić Prostran B, Sarac D, Antić J, Petković M, Lakić T|year = 2012 |title = Prepuce in boys and adolescents: What when, and how? |journal = Medicinski Pregled |volume = 65 |issue = 7–8 |pages = 295–300 |pmid = 22924249 |doi = 10.2298/MPNS1208295D |doi-access = free }}</ref> while also maintaining the [[Mucous membrane|mucosa]] in a moist environment.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cold |first1=C.J. |last2=Taylor |first2=J.R. |year=1999 |title=The prepuce |journal=BJU International |volume=83 |issue=S1 |pages=34–44 |doi=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1034.x |issn=1464-410X |doi-access=free |pmid=10349413 }}</ref> 

Foreskin rectractability gradually increases with age. In [[infancy]] the foreskin is fused to the glans.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dave |first1=Sumit |last2=Afshar |first2=Kourosh |last3=Braga |first3=Luis H. |last4=Anderson |first4=Peter |year=2018 |title=CUA guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants |url=https://cuaj.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/5033 |journal=Canadian Urological Association Journal |language=en |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=E76–E99 |doi=10.5489/cuaj.5033 |pmid=29381458 |pmc=5937400 |issn=1920-1214 |quote=At birth, the inner foreskin is usually fused to the glans penis and should not be forcibly retracted |access-date=2022-10-29 |archive-date=2022-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028075921/https://cuaj.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/5033 |url-status=live }}</ref> It remains non-retractable in early [[childhood]] and it continues to be tight during [[preadolescence]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dave |first1=Sumit |last2=Afshar |first2=Kourosh |last3=Braga |first3=Luis H. |last4=Anderson |first4=Peter |year=2018 |title=CUA guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants |journal=Canadian Urological Association Journal |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=E76–E99 |lang=en |doi=10.5489/cuaj.5033 |pmid=29381458 |pmc=5937400 |issn=1920-1214 |quote=...&nbsp;the incidence of non-retractable physiological phimosis was 50% in grade&nbsp;1 boys and decreased to 35% in grade&nbsp;4 and 8% in grade&nbsp;7 boys |url=https://cuaj.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/5033 |access-date=2022-10-29 |archive-date=2022-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028075921/https://cuaj.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/5033 |url-status=live }}</ref> The skin begins to loosen up significantly during [[puberty]] allowing the glans to be completely exposed when needed. By the age of eighteen, most boys will have a fully retractable foreskin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McGregor |first1=Thomas B. |last2=Pike |first2=John G. |last3=Leonard |first3=Michael P. |date=2007 |title=Pathologic and physiologic phimosis: Approach to the phimotic foreskin |journal=Canadian Family Physician |lang=en |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=445–448 |pmid=17872680 |pmc=1949079 |quote="most foreskins will become retractile by adulthood."}}</ref>

In some cases, for [[Circumcision#Society and culture|cultural]], [[Indication (medicine)|medical]], or [[Preventive healthcare|prophylactic]] reasons, some men undergo [[circumcision]] or were circumcised as infants, a procedure in which the foreskin is partially or completely removed from the penis.<ref name=":1"/> The glans of circumcised men remains fully exposed and dry. Several studies have suggested that, generally, the glans of both circumcised and uncircumcised penises are equally sensitive.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Bleustein |last1=Clifford B. |first2=James D. |last2=Fogarty |first3=Haftan |last3=Eckholdt |first4=Joseph C. |last4=Arezzo |first5=Arnold |last5=Melman |date=April 2005 |title=Effect of neonatal circumcision on penile neurologic sensation |journal=Urology |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=773–777 |doi=10.1016/j.urology.2004.11.007 |pmid=15833526 }}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |last1=Bleustein |first1=Clifford B. |first2=Haftan |last2=Eckholdt |first3=Joseph C.|last3=Arezzo |first4=Arnold |last4=Melman |title=Effects of circumcision on male penile sensitivity |conference=American Urological Association 98th Annual Meeting |place=Chicago, IL |journal=Clinical Prostate Cancer |year=2003 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=8–12 |doi=10.1016/s1540-0352(11)70011-7 |pmid=15046675 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/sex_function/bleustein2/ |access-date=February 11, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211152204/http://www.cirp.org/library/sex_function/bleustein2/ |archive-date=February 11, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Payne |first1=Kimberley |last2=Thaler |first2=Lea |last3=Kukkonen |first3=Tuuli |last4=Carrier |first4=Serge |last5=Binik |first5=Yitzchak |date=May 2007 |title=Sensation and sexual arousal in circumcised and uncircumcised men |journal=Journal of Sexual Medicine |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=667–674 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00471.x |pmid=17419812}}</ref>

== Development ==
{{Main|Development of the reproductive system}}
[[File:Development of Male External Genitalia.png|left|thumb|298x298px|Development of external genitalia in the male embryo]]
The glans develops as the terminal end of a [[Primordial phallus|phallic]] structure, called the [[genital tubercle]], which forms in the [[embryo]] regardless of [[sex]] during the early weeks of [[pregnancy]].<ref name="George, Wilson">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780407003668500083|title=Fetal Physiology and Medicine|last=W.George, D.Wilson|first=Fredrick, Jean|chapter=2 - Sexual Differentiation|year=1984|pages=57–79|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|doi=10.1016/B978-0-407-00366-8.50008-3|isbn=978-0-407-00366-8|edition=Second, Revised|access-date=2022-09-23|archive-date=2022-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922095406/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780407003668500083|url-status=live}}</ref> Initially undifferentiated, the tubercle develops into a penis during the [[development of the reproductive system]] depending on the exposure to [[male hormones]], such as [[androgen]]s. In mammals, [[sexual differentiation]] is determined by the [[sperm]] that carries either an [[X chromosome|X]] or a [[Y chromosome|Y]] (male) [[chromosome]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Arulkumaran |first1=Sabaratnam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lRaWcRYx_7YC&pg=PP1 |title=Oxford Desk Reference: Obstetrics and Gynaecology |last2=Regan |first2=Lesley |last3=Papageorghiou |first3=Aris |last4=Monga |first4=Ash |last5=Farquharson |first5=David |date=2011-06-23 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-162087-4 |language=en}}</ref> The Y chromosome contains a sex-determining gene ([[SRY]]) that encodes a [[transcription factor]] for the protein TDF (testis determining factor) and triggers the creation of [[testosterone]] for the embryo's development into a male.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Schünke |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NK9TgTaGt6UC&pg=PP1 |title=Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System |last2=Schulte |first2=Erik |last3=Lamperti |first3=Edward D. |last4=Schumacher |first4=Udo |date=2006 |publisher=Thieme |isbn=978-1-58890-387-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hake |first1=Laura |last2=O'Connor |first2=Clare |name-list-style=amp |title=Genetic Mechanisms of Sex Determination {{!}} Learn Science at Scitable |url=http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-mechanisms-of-sex-determination-314 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819121941/http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-mechanisms-of-sex-determination-314 |archive-date=2017-08-19 |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=nature.com |language=en}}</ref>  

Although the sex of the infant is [[Sex-determination system|determined]] from the moment of [[Fertilisation|conception]],<ref name="George, Wilson"/> the complete external differentiation of the organs begins about eight or nine weeks after conception.<ref>Merz, Eberhard; Bahlmann, F. (2004). Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Vol. 1. Thieme Medical Publishers. {{ISBN|978-1-58890-147-7}}.</ref> Some sources state that the process will be completed by the twelfth week,<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750611718500088|title=Introduction to Clinical Reproductive Endocrinology|last=C.L.Lachelin|first=Gillian|chapter=Chapter 4 - Sexual differentiation|year=1991|pages=36–41|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|doi=10.1016/B978-0-7506-1171-8.50008-8|isbn=978-0-7506-1171-8|access-date=2022-09-23|archive-date=2022-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922095404/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750611718500088|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Merz, Eberhard; Bahlmann, F. (2004). Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Vol. 1. Thieme Medical Publishers. {{ISBN|978-1-58890-147-7}}</ref> while others state that it is clearly evident by the thirteenth week and that the sex organs are fully developed by the sixteenth week.<ref name=":0"/>

Both the penis and clitoris develop from the same [[Tissue (biology)|tissues]] that become the glans and [[Body of penis|shaft]] of the penis and this shared embryonic origin makes these two organs [[Homology (biology)|homologous]] (different versions of the same structure).<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sloane |first=Ethel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kqcYyk7zlHYC&pg=PP1 |title=Biology of Women |date=2002 |publisher=Delmar Thomson Learning |isbn=978-0-7668-1142-3 |language=en}}</ref> In the [[female]] fetus the absence of testosterone will stop the growth of the phallus causing the tubercle to shrink and form the clitoris. In the [[male]] fetus the presence of a Y chromosome leads to the development of the [[Testicle|testes]], which secrete a large amount of hormones called androgens. These hormones will cause the [[Virilization|masculinization]] of the phenotypically indifferent organs.<ref name="George, Wilson"/> When exposed to testosterone, the genital tubercle elongates to form the [[Human penis|penis]]. By fusion of the [[urogenital folds]]—elongated spindle-shaped structures that contribute to the formation of the [[Primary urethral groove|urethral groove]] on the belly aspect of the genital tubercle—the [[urogenital sinus]] closes completely to form the [[spongy urethra]] and the labioscrotal swellings unite to form the [[scrotum]].<ref>Sloane, Ethel (2002). Biology of Women. Cengage Learning. {{ISBN|978-0-7668-1142-3}}. Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2015. </ref><ref name=":0"/> The secretion of testosterone during this phase plays a decisive role in the final shaping of the penis. After birth, testosterone levels drop significantly until [[puberty]].

== Clinical significance ==
The [[epithelium]] of the glans penis consists of [[mucosal]] tissue. Birley ''et al.'' report that excessive washing with soap may dry the mucous membrane which covers the glans penis and cause non-specific [[dermatitis]]. The condition is described as an inflammation of the skin, often caused by an irritating substance or a [[Allergic contact dermatitis|contact allergy]]. Sensitivity to chemicals in certain products can cause an allergic reaction, including irritation, [[itch]]ing and [[rash]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact Dermatitis: Irritants, Allergies, Symptoms & Treatment |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6173-contact-dermatitis |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Cleveland Clinic |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925152126/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6173-contact-dermatitis |url-status=live }}</ref>

Inflammation of the glans penis is known as [[balanitis]]. It is a treatable condition that occurs in about 3–11% of males (up to 35% of diabetic males). Edwards reported that it is generally more common in males who have poor [[hygiene]] habits or have not been circumcised. It has many causes, including irritation or infection with a wide variety of [[pathogen]]s. Symptoms of balanitis may appear suddenly or develop gradually. They might include pain, irritation, redness or red patches on the glans penis. Careful identification of the cause with the aid of patient history, physical [[Male genital examination|examination]], swabs and cultures, and biopsy are essential in order to determine the proper treatment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balanitis: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, Prevention & Relief |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21186-balanitis |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Cleveland Clinic |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925152127/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21186-balanitis |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[external urethral orifice (male)|meatus]] (opening) of the urethra located at the tip of the glans might become subject to [[meatal stenosis]], a condition mostly seen as a late complication of circumcision. It occurs in about 2–20% of circumcised boys<ref name="CPS">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sorokan SK, Finlay JC, Jefferies AL |date=2015 |journal=Paediatrics & Child Health |title=Newborn male circumcision |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=311–320 |doi=10.1093/pch/20.6.311 |pmid=26435672 |pmc=4578472 |url=http://www.cps.ca/en/documents/position/circumcision |access-date=20 October 2017 |archive-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030233347/https://www.cps.ca/en/documents/position/circumcision |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |vauthors=Koenig JF |date=22 September 2016 |website=EMedicine |title=Meatal stenosis |url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1016016-overview |access-date=2 October 2017 |archive-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912005838/http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1016016-overview |url-status=live }}</ref> and it is rarely seen in uncircumcised men.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Meatal Stenosis: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment - Urology Care Foundation |url=https://www.urologyhealth.org/urology-a-z/m/meatal-stenosis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925152128/https://www.urologyhealth.org/urology-a-z/m/meatal-stenosis |archive-date=2022-09-25 |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=urologyhealth.org}}</ref> It is characterized by a narrowing of the meatus, which might cause sudden or often urges to urinate and burning during the process.<ref name=":4"/>

For some individuals who experience difficulty in achieving full glanular engorgement of glans penis, they may be diagnosed with soft glans syndrome ([[glans insufficiency syndrome]]). It is often undiagnosed in the general population due to the lack of a standardized nomenclature.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Glans Insufficiency Syndrome {{!}} CSM |url=https://www.sexualmedicinehyd.com/glans-insufficiency-syndrome/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soft Glans / Cold Glans / Glans Insufficiency Syndrome |url=https://www.sdsm.info/male-issues/soft-glans-cold-glans-glans-insufficiency-syndrome |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=www.sdsm.info}}</ref> 

==Other animals==

=== Mammals ===
{{Trivia section|date=May 2024}}

==== Carnivores ====
Male [[felid]]s are able to [[Urination#Felidae|urinate backwards]] by curving the tip of the glans penis backward.<ref name="Ewer1973"/><ref name="Mathur2010">{{cite book |last=Mathur |first=Reena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKXOCgoI6D8C&q=curved+backward |title=Animal Behaviour 3/e |publisher=Rastogi Publications |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-7133-747-7 |access-date=10 February 2013}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> In cats, the glans penis is covered with spines. [[Penile spines]] also occur on the glans of male and female [[spotted hyena]]s.<ref name="Ewer1973">{{cite book |last=Ewer |first=R. F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IETMd3-lSlkC&q=glans&pg=PA116 |title=The Carnivores |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-8014-8493-3 |pages=116– |access-date=8 February 2013}}</ref> In male dogs the glans penis is smooth and consists of two parts called the ''[[bulbus glandis]]'' and ''pars longa glandis''.<ref name="EvansLahunta2013">{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=Howard E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6eBOAQAAQBAJ&q=%28%22glans%22+OR+%22bulbus+glandis%22+OR+%22pars+longa+glandis%22%29 |title=Miller's Anatomy of the Dog |last2=de Lahunta |first2=Alexander |date=7 August 2013 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-323-26623-9}}</ref> The glans of a [[Fossa (animal)|fossa]]'s penis extends about halfway down the shaft and [[penile spines|is spiny]] except at the tip. In comparison, the [[Penis|glans of felids]] is short and spiny, while that of [[Viverridae|viverrids]] is smooth and long.<ref name="1986Köhncke">{{cite journal | last1 = Köhncke | first1 = M. | last2 = Leonhardt | first2 = K. | title = ''Cryptoprocta ferox'' | journal = [[Mammalian Species]] | issue = 254 | pages = 1–5 | year = 1986 | doi = 10.2307/3503919 | jstor = 3503919 | url = http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-254-01-0001.pdf | access-date = 19 May 2010 | archive-date = 21 June 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100621003457/http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-254-01-0001.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref> 

==== Rodents ====
The glans penis of the [[marsh rice rat]] is long and robust,<ref name="HM13">Hooper and Musser, 1964, p.&nbsp;13</ref> averaging {{cvt|7.3|mm}} long and {{cvt|4.6|mm}} broad.<ref>Hooper and Musser, 1964, table&nbsp;1</ref> [[Winkelmann's mouse]] can most readily be distinguished from its close relatives by its partially corrugated glans penis.<ref name="Bradley1987">{{cite journal |author1=Bradley, R.D. |author2=Schmidley, D.J. | year = 1987 | title = The glans penes and bacula in Latin American taxa of the ''Peromyscus boylii'' group | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | volume = 68 | issue = 3 | pages = 595–615 | jstor=1381595 | doi=10.2307/1381595}}</ref> In ''[[Thomasomys ucucha]]'', the glans penis is rounded, short, and small and is superficially divided into left and right halves by a trough at the top and a ridge at the bottom. Most of the glans is covered with spines, except for an area near the tip.<ref>Voss, 2003, p.&nbsp;11</ref> The glans penis of a male [[cape ground squirrel]] is large with a prominent [[baculum]].<ref name="Skurski2005">Skurski, D., J. Waterman. 2005. "Xerus inauris", ''Mammalian Species'' 781:1-4.</ref>

==== Perissodactyls ====
When erect, the glans of a [[horse's penis]] increases by 3 to {{nowrap|4 times}}. The [[urethra]] opens within the [[urethral fossa]], a small pouch at the distal end of the glans.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Stallion: Breeding Soundness Examination & Reproductive Anatomy|publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison|url=http://www.wisc.edu/ansci_repro/101equinelab/reproduction/stallion_exam.html|access-date=7 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716140038/http://www.wisc.edu/ansci_repro/101equinelab/reproduction/stallion_exam.html|archive-date=2007-07-16}}</ref> Unlike the human glans, the glans of a horse's penis extends backwards on its shaft.<ref>{{cite book|title=Mating Males: An Evolutionary Perspective on Mammalian Reproduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEgy1tHA7b0C&q=glans+stallion|access-date=5 May 2013|date=30 June 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-00001-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-YhIvDgfJoC&q=glans |title=McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians - Joanna M Bassert, Dennis M McCurnin - Google Boeken |access-date=2013-08-16|isbn=978-1-4557-2884-8 |last1=Bassert |first1=Joanna M |last2=McCurnin |first2=Dennis M |date=2013-04-01 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXhcr53lkbwC&q=glans |title=Horseman's Veterinary Encyclopedia, Revised and Updated - Equine Research - Google Boeken |date=2005-07-01 |access-date=2013-08-16|isbn=978-0-7627-9451-5 |last1=Research |first1=Equine |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu-XUjVS85QC&q=glans |title=Equine Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction - Graham Munroe BVSc (Hons) PhD Cert EO DESM Dip ECVS FRCVS, Scott Weese DVM DVSc DipACVIM - Google Boeken |date=2011-03-15 |access-date=2013-08-16|isbn=978-1-84076-608-0 |last1=Weese |first1=Scott |last2=Graham Munroe |first2=Dr |last3=Munroe |first3=Graham |publisher=CRC Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QoXiBjSp368C&q=glans |title=Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas - Google Boeken |access-date=2013-08-16|isbn=978-3-7945-2485-3 |last1=König |first1=Horst Erich |last2=Hans-Georg |first2=Hans-Georg |last3=Bragulla |first3=H |year=2007 |publisher=Schattauer Verlag }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krD1bAEqypcC&q=glans |title=Horse Conformation: Structure, Soundness, and Performance - Equine Research - Google Boeken |access-date=2013-08-16 |isbn=978-1-59228-487-0 |last1=Hedge |first1=Juliet |year=2004 |publisher=Lyons Press }}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oyHr4hVs0m0C&q=glans |title=The Horse - Google Boeken |access-date=2013-08-16|isbn=978-0-7167-1811-6 |last1=Evans |first1=Warren J |last2=Borton |first2=Anthony |last3=Hintz |first3=Harold |last4=Dale Van Vleck |first4=L |date=1990-02-15 |publisher=Macmillan }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6iNdSk7gPf4C&q=glans+horse |title=Comparative Reproductive Biology - Heide Schatten, Gheorghe M. Constantinescu - Google Boeken |date=2008-03-21 |access-date=2013-08-16|isbn=978-0-470-39025-2 |last1=Schatten |first1=Heide |last2=Constantinescu |first2=Gheorghe M |publisher=John Wiley & Sons }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QPJQT6-g-YMC&q=glans |title=Equine Reproduction - Google Boeken |access-date=2013-08-16|isbn=978-0-470-96187-2 |last1=McKinnon |first1=Angus O |last2=Squires |first2=Edward L |last3=Vaala |first3=Wendy E |last4=Varner |first4=Dickson D |date=2011-07-05 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons }}</ref>

==== Marsupials, monotremes and bats ====
The shape of the glans varies among different [[marsupial]] species.<ref name="Society1978">{{cite book|author=Australian Mammal Society|title=Australian Mammal Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_ifwszrgFsC&q=marsupial+%22glans%22&pg=PA73|access-date=25 December 2012|date=December 1978|publisher=Australian Mammal Society|pages=73–}}</ref><ref name="OsgoodHerrick1921">{{cite book |last1=Osgood |first1=Wilfred Hudson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ag9AAAAYAAJ&q=marsupial+%22glans%22&pg=PA64 |title=A monographic study of the American marsupial, Caēnolestes … |last2=Herrick |first2=Charles Judson |publisher=University of Chicago |year=1921 |pages=64– |access-date=25 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="The Urologic and Cutaneous Review">{{cite book|title=The Urologic and Cutaneous Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nApEAAAAYAAJ&q=marsupial+%22glans%22&pg=PA677|access-date=25 December 2012|year=1920|publisher=Urologic & Cutaneous Press|pages=677–}}</ref> In most marsupials, the glans is divided, but male [[Macropodidae|macropods]] have an undivided glans penis.<ref name="Renfree1987">{{cite book|last=Renfree|first=Marilyn|title=Reproductive Physiology of Marsupials|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpjovN0vXW4C|access-date=5 May 2013|date=1987-01-30|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-33792-2|author2=Hugh Tyndale-Biscoe}}</ref> 

The glans penis is also divided into two parts in [[platypus]]es and [[echidna]]s.<ref name="Griffiths2012">{{cite book |last=Griffiths |first=Mervyn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W7nu16_DkTgC&q=glans |title=The Biology of the Monotremes |date=2 December 2012 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=978-0-323-15331-7}}</ref><ref name="Hyman1992">{{cite book |last=Hyman |first=Libbie Henrietta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VKlWjdOkiMwC&q=glans |title=Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy |date=15 September 1992 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-87013-7}}</ref>

Males of [[Racey's pipistrelle bat]] have a narrow, egg-shaped glans penis.<ref>Bates et al., 2006, pp.&nbsp;306–307</ref>

==See also==
* [[Corona of glans penis]]
* [[Pearly penile papules]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{#related:Male reproductive system}}
{{#related:Foreskin}}
{{#related:Frenulum of prepuce of penis}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Human glans penis}}{{Male reproductive system}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mammal male reproductive system]]
[[Category:Human penis]]
[[Category:Human penis anatomy]]
[[Category:Human male reproductive system]]