Editing Glamis Castle

{{short description|Castle in Glamis, Angus, Scotland}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name=Glamis Castle
|location=Near [[Glamis]], [[Angus, Scotland]], United Kingdom
|coordinates = {{coord|56.6203|-3.0024|type:landmark|display=inline}}
|image=Glamis Castle 01.jpg
|image_size=300px
|caption=Glamis Castle
|map_type= Scotland Angus
|map_caption = Location within Angus
|type=
|builder=
|controlledby=
|materials=Stone
|height=
|used=
|condition=Preserved
|ownership=
|open_to_public= Yes
}}
'''Glamis Castle''' is situated beside the village of [[Glamis]] ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|l|ɑː|m|z}}, {{respell|glahmz}}) in [[Angus, Scotland]]. It is the home of the [[Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]], and is open to the public.

Glamis Castle has been the home of the [[Clan Lyon|Lyon family]] since the 14th century, though the present building dates largely from the 17th century. Glamis Castle was the childhood home of the late [[Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother]]. Her second daughter, [[Princess Margaret]] was born there on 21 August 1930.

The castle is protected as a [[Category A listed|category A listed building]],<ref name=lbr/> and the grounds are included on the [[Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland]], the national listing of significant gardens.<ref name=garden>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=GDL00189 |desc=Glamis Castle|access-date=1 April 2019|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>

==Setting==
Glamis is set in the broad and fertile lowland valley of [[Strathmore, Angus and Perth & Kinross|Strathmore]], in [[Forfar]], [[county town]] of Angus, which lies between the [[Sidlaw Hills]] to the south and the [[Grampian Mountains]] to the north, approximately {{convert|20|km}} inland from the [[North Sea]]. The estate surrounding the castle covers more than {{convert|57|km2|acre}} and, in addition to parks and gardens, produces several cash crops including lumber and beef. There are two streams running through the estate, one of them the Glamis Burn. An [[arboretum]] overlooking Glamis Burn features trees from all over the world, many of them rare and several hundred years old.

==History==
[[File:Lithograph of Glamis Castle by T. Picken after G. Cattermole.jpg|thumb|A lithograph of Glamis Castle, created between 1847 and 1854]]
[[File:Glamis Morris.jpg|thumb|Glamis Castle in the snow, ''circa'' 1880]]
[[File: Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom (St. Edward's Crown).svg|thumb|Portal. Royal Coat of Arms]]
The vicinity of Glamis Castle has prehistoric traces; for example, a noted intricately carved [[Pictish stone]] known as the [[Eassie Stone]] was found in a creek-bed at the nearby village of [[Eassie]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=17730 |author=Hogan, C. Michael |title=Eassie Stone |work=The Megalithic Portal |editor=Burnham, Andy |date=7 October 2007}}</ref>

[[File:Glamis sca2.jpg|thumb|Lion sculptures of The Great Sundial on the front lawn]]
[[File:Rosa 'Glamis Castle'.jpg|thumb|Rosa 'Glamis Castle', a rose was named after Glamis Castle by the English rosegrower [[David C.H. Austin|David Austin]] ]]
[[File:Glamis sca4.jpg|thumb|Sitting room or family room at Glamis.]]

In 1034, [[Malcolm II of Scotland|Malcolm II]] was murdered at Glamis,<ref>{{cite book |title=Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland |url=https://archive.org/details/blackspicturesq01firgoog |publisher=Adam and Charles Black |year=1861}}</ref> where there was a Royal Hunting Lodge.<ref name=garden/> In [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[Macbeth]]'' (1603–06), the eponymous character resides at Glamis Castle, although the historical [[Macbeth, King of Scotland|King Macbeth]] (d. 1057) had no connection to the castle.

By 1372, a castle had been built at Glamis, since in that year it was granted by [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert II]] to [[John Lyon (lord of Glamis)|Sir John Lyon]], [[Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Thane of Glamis]], husband of the king's daughter. Glamis has remained in the Lyon (later Bowes-Lyon) family since this time. The castle was rebuilt as an [[L-plan castle|L-plan]] [[tower houses in Britain and Ireland|tower house]] in the early 15th century.<ref name=rcahms/>

The title [[Lord Glamis]] was created in 1445 for [[Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis|Sir Patrick Lyon]] (1402–1459), grandson of Sir John. John Lyon, 6th Lord Glamis, married [[Janet Douglas, Lady Glamis|Janet Douglas]], daughter of the [[George Douglas, Master of Angus|Master of Angus]], at a time when [[James V of Scotland|James V]] was feuding with the Douglases. In December 1528, Janet was accused of treason for bringing supporters of the Earl of Angus to Edinburgh. She was then charged with poisoning her husband, Lord Glamis, who had died on 17 September 1528. Eventually, she was accused of witchcraft, and was burned at the stake at Edinburgh on 17 July 1537. James V subsequently seized Glamis, living there for some time.<ref name=garden/>

In 1543, Glamis was returned to [[John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis]]. In 1606, [[Patrick Lyon, 9th Lord Glamis]], was created [[Earl of Kinghorne]]. He began major works on the castle, commemorated by the inscription "Built by Patrick, Lord Glamis, and D[ame] Anna Murray" on the central tower.<ref name=lbr>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB11701|desc=Glamis Castle|cat=A|access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> The English architect [[Inigo Jones]] has traditionally been linked to the redesign of the castle, though [[Historic Scotland]] consider the King's Master Mason [[William Schaw]] a more likely candidate, due to the traditional Scottish style of the architecture.<ref name=lbr/>

During the [[Commonwealth of England|Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland]], soldiers were garrisoned at Glamis. In 1670,
[[Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]], returned to the castle and found it uninhabitable. Restorations took place until 1689, including the creation of a major [[Baroque]] garden.<ref name=lbr/><ref name=garden/> [[John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne|John Lyon, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]], succeeded in 1753, and in 1767 he married [[Mary Eleanor Bowes]], heiress to a coal-mining fortune. He set about improving the grounds of the castle in the picturesque style in the 1770s.<ref name=lbr/> The south-west wing was rebuilt after a fire in the early 19th century. In the 1920s, a huge fireplace from [[Gibside]], the Bowes-Lyon estate near [[Gateshead]], was removed and placed in Glamis' Billiard Room. The fireplace displays the coat of arms of the [[Blakiston baronets|Blakiston family]]; Gibside heiress Elizabeth Blakiston had married [[William Bowes (MP for County Durham)|Sir William Bowes]].<ref name=rcahms/><ref>{{cite web|last=Heritage|first=Camelot|url=http://www.camelotintl.com/heritage/castles/scotland/glamis/glbilard.html|title=Glamis Castle: The Billiard Room|work=British Heritage and Castles|publisher=Camelot Heritage|access-date=12 September 2010}}</ref> Several interiors, including the Dining Room, also date from the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref name=lbr/>

In 1900, [[Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]] was born, the youngest daughter of [[Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]] and his wife, [[Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne|Cecilia]] (née Cavendish-Bentinck). She spent much of her childhood at Glamis, which was used during the First World War as a military hospital.<ref name=lbr/> She was particularly instrumental in organising the rescue of the castle's contents during a serious fire on 16 September 1916.<ref>{{Citation |last=Shawcross |first=William |author-link=William Shawcross |title=Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother: The Official Biography |publisher=Macmillan |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4050-4859-0 |pages=79–80}}</ref> On 26 April 1923 she [[Wedding of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|married]] [[Prince Albert, Duke of York]], second son of [[George V]], at Westminster Abbey. Their second daughter, [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret]], was born at Glamis Castle in 1930.<ref name=lbr/>

Since 1987, an illustration of the castle has featured on the reverse side of [[Banknotes of the pound sterling|ten pound notes]] issued by the [[Royal Bank of Scotland]].<ref name="scotbanks">{{cite web|url=http://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknotes_current_royal_bank_of_scotland.php|title=Current Banknotes : Royal Bank of Scotland|publisher=The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers|access-date=2008-10-17}}</ref> Glamis is currently the home of [[Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne]], who succeeded to the earldom in 2016.

==Statuary==
[[File:CMSJ IMG 0193 (640x480) (3869550859).jpg|thumb|Statue of King Charles I, Glamis]]

In the 17th century four "brazen" statues were placed on the approach avenue: Charles I in boots; James VI in a stole; Charles II in Roman dress; and James II as in his Whitehall portrait. The first two were sculpted by [[Artus Quellinus the Elder|Arnold Quellin]].<ref>Scottish Garden Buildings by Tim Buxbaum p.65</ref>

==Legends and tales==

===The Monster of Glamis===
{{Main|Monster of Glamis}}
The most famous legend connected with the castle is that of the Monster of Glamis, a hideously deformed child born to the family. Some accounts came from singer and composer [[Virginia Gabriel]], who stayed at the castle in 1870.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-monster-of-glamis-92015626/?no-ist|title=The Monster of Glamis|publisher=Smithsonian|author=Dash, Mike|date=10 February 2012|access-date=14 May 2014}}</ref> In the story, the monster was kept in the castle all his life and his suite of rooms bricked up after his death.<ref name=haunted>[http://www.hauntedcastlesandhotels.com/Scotland/glamis.htm Haunted Castles And Hotels: Glamis Castle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911092303/http://www.hauntedcastlesandhotels.com/Scotland/glamis.htm |date=11 September 2019 }}, ''Haunted Castles and Hotels'', 9 June 2009. Accessed 9 September 2010.</ref><ref name=dash>Dash, Mike. [http://blogs.forteana.org/node/75 The Monster of Glamis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712072636/http://blogs.forteana.org/node/75 |date=12 July 2014 }} , ''CFI Blogs'', 9 June 2009. Accessed 8 September 2010.</ref><ref>''The Crawford Papers: The Journals of David Lindsay, Twenty-Seventh Earl of Crawford during the years 1892–1940'' (1984) Manchester University Press pp. 86–87</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=James |last=Wentworth-Day |year=1967 |title=The Queen Mother's Family Story |pages=133–136}}</ref> Another monster is supposed to have dwelt in Loch Calder near the castle.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

An alternative version of the legend is that to every generation of the family a vampire child is born and is walled up in that room.<ref name=dash/>

There is an old story that guests staying at Glamis once hung towels from the windows of every room in a bid to find the bricked-up suite of the monster. When they looked at it from outside, several windows were apparently towel-less. Though this is more likely due to the owners removing them in order so that the guests would not find the rooms, according to several relatives of the family.<ref name=dash/>

The legend of the monster may have been inspired by the true story of the Ogilvies.<ref name=dash/><ref>T.F. Thistleton Dyer (1900) ''Strange Pages From Family Papers'', pp. 98–103</ref><ref>''Chambers's Journal'' 1898, pp. 627–28</ref>

===Earl Beardie===
A legend tells of the 15th-century "Earl Beardie," who has been identified with both Alexander Lyon, 2nd Lord Glamis (died 1486),<ref name=haunted/> and with [[Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford]] (died 1453).<ref name="Ash, Russell 2009 184">{{cite book |title=Top Ten of Britain |page=184 |author=Ash, Russell |year=2009 |publisher=Hamlyn Publishing}}</ref> Several versions exist, but they all involve "Earl Beardie" playing cards. However, it was the [[Sabbath in Christianity|sabbath]], and either his hosts refused to play, or a servant advised him to stop. Lord Beardie became so furious that he claimed that he would play until doomsday, or with the [[Devil]] himself, depending on the version. A stranger then appears at the castle and joins Lord Beardie in a game of cards. The stranger is identified with the Devil, who takes Earl Beardie's [[Soul (spirit)|soul]] and, in some versions, condemns the Earl to play cards until doomsday.<ref name=haunted/><ref name="Shand">{{cite web |url=http://www.dundeemessenger.co.uk/myths/ghosts/earl_beardie.htm |title=Earl Beardie - the ghostly Earl of Crawford |work=Dundee Messenger |access-date=2009-08-19 |date=24 September 2007 |author=Shand, William |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924004721/http://www.dundeemessenger.co.uk/myths/ghosts/earl_beardie.htm |archive-date=24 September 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Other traditions===
According to the official website for Glamis Castle, in 1034, [[Malcolm II of Scotland|Malcolm II]] was mortally wounded in a nearby battle and taken to a Royal Hunting Lodge, which sat at the site of the present castle, where he died.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

==Description==

The towers in front of the castle each measure {{convert|7|m}} in diameter and are about {{convert|4|m}} high, each having a modern parapet. The walls are {{convert|1|m}} thick.<ref name=rcahms>{{cite web |url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/32055/details/glamis+castle/ |title=Glamis Castle, Site Number NO34NE 1.00 |work=[[Canmore (database)|CANMORE]] |publisher=[[Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland]] |access-date=2011-08-26}}</ref>

There is a small chapel within the castle with seating for 46 people. The story given to visitors by castle tour guides states that one seat in the chapel is always reserved for the "White Lady" (supposedly a ghost which inhabits the castle), thought to be [[Janet, Lady Glamis|Janet Douglas, Lady Glamis]]. According to the guides, the chapel is still used regularly for family functions, but no one is allowed to sit in that seat. {{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

{{wide image|glamis castle.JPG|800px|align-cap=center|Glamis Castle on 30 May 2009}}

==Archives==
The clock tower houses the castle's archives which include a wide range of historical material relating to the castle and the Bowes and Lyon families. These include a [[papal bull]] and the memoirs of [[Mary Eleanor Bowes]]. The Glamis archives have a close connection with the archives at the [[University of Dundee]], and researchers who wish to consult material held in the Glamis Castle Archive do so in the search room at the university.<ref name=Archives>{{cite web|title=Treasures of Glamis Castle|date=15 April 2011 |url=http://www.archives-records-artefacts.blogspot.com/2011/04/treasures-of-glamis-castle.html|publisher=Archives, Records and Artefacts at the University of Dundee|access-date=2 February 2012}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
In the British children’s television series [[Thomas & Friends]], Lord Callan’s castle is based on Glamis Castle. 

The 1982 [[Yoko Tsuno]] album ''La Proie et l'ombre'' by [[Roger Leloup]] prominently features the fictional "Loch Castle", which is drawn as being near-identical to Glamis Castle.

==See also==
*[[List of places in Angus]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* {{official|http://www.glamis-castle.co.uk}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060104172425/http://www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk/hauntings/glamis.html Ghosts and Hauntings in Glamis Castle], Mysterious Britain
* [http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/2012/02/the-monster-of-glamis/ The Monster of Glamis] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130202085905/http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/2012/02/the-monster-of-glamis/ |date=2 February 2013 }}, article by Mike Dash

[[Category:14th-century establishments in Scotland]]
[[Category:14th-century fortifications]]
[[Category:Castles in Angus, Scotland]]
[[Category:Category A listed buildings in Angus, Scotland]]
[[Category:Listed castles in Scotland]]
[[Category:Arboreta in Scotland]]
[[Category:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes]]
[[Category:Reportedly haunted locations in Scotland]]
[[Category:Royal residences in Scotland]]
[[Category:Gardens in Angus, Scotland]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in Angus, Scotland]]
[[Category:Country houses in Angus, Scotland]]
[[Category:Clan Lyon]]
[[Category:Tower houses in Scotland]]
[[Category:Hunting lodges in Scotland]]
[[Category:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]]
[[Category:Museums established in 1950]]