Editing Gironde

{{Short description|Department of France}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Gironde
| native_name             = {{native name|oc|Gironda}}
| native_name_lang        = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| image_skyline           = Bordeaux Hôtel de préfecture de la Gironde.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building in [[Bordeaux]]
| image_flag              = Flag of Gironde.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Gironde.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Gironde-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Gironde in France
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|44|50|N|0|40|W|region:FR-33_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Bordeaux]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Arcachon]]<br>[[Blaye]]<br>[[Langon, Gironde|Langon]]<br>[[Lesparre-Médoc]]<br>[[Libourne]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| leader_title            = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = Jean-Luc Gleyze<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 10725
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|6th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 33
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements of the Gironde department|6]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[Cantons of the Gironde department|33]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[Communes of the Gironde department|535]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 33000
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = FR-33
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which excludes estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>.
}}

'''Gironde''' ({{IPAc-en|ʒ|ɪ|ˈ|r|ɒ|n|d}} {{respell|zhih|ROND}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Gironde |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801020646/https://www.lexico.com/definition/gironde |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-08-01 |title=Gironde |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> <small>[[American English|US]] usually</small> {{IPAc-en|dʒ|ɪ|ˈ|-}} {{respell|jih|-}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/gironde|title=Gironde|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Gironde|access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|ʒiʁɔ̃d|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Gironde.wav}}; {{langx|oc|Gironda}}, {{IPA|oc|dʒiˈɾundɔ|pron}}) is the largest [[Departments of France|department]] in the southwestern French [[Regions of France|region]] of [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]]. Named after the [[Gironde estuary]], a major waterway, its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Bordeaux]]. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep33.pdf Populations légales 2019: 33 Gironde], INSEE</ref> The famous [[Bordeaux wine]] region is in Gironde. It has [[Arrondissements of the Gironde department|six arrondissements]], making it one of the [[Departments of France|departments]] with the most arrondissements ([[Arrondissements of the Nord department (France)|Nord]] also has six, while [[Arrondissements of the Pas-de-Calais department|Pas-de-Calais]] has the most of any department, with seven).

==History==
Gironde is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the [[provinces of France|former provinces]] of [[Guyenne]] and [[Gascony]].

From 1793 to 1795, the department's name was changed to ''Bec-d'Ambès'' to avoid the association with the [[Girondists|Girondist]] political party of the French Revolution.

In July 2022, Gironde was affected by [[2022 Gironde wildfires|large wildfires]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wildfires in Gironde, France, burn through 10,000 hectares |url=https://news.sky.com/video/wildfires-in-gironde-france-burn-through-10-000-hectares-12653949 |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=[[Sky News]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
Gironde is part of the current region of [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] and is surrounded by the departments of [[Landes (department)|Landes]], [[Lot-et-Garonne]], [[Dordogne]] and [[Charente-Maritime]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]] on the west. With an area of 10,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, Gironde is the largest department in [[metropolitan France]], and the second-largest in entire [[France]]. Its size is larger than [[Lebanon]] or the province of [[Banten]]. If overseas departments are included, however, Gironde's land area is dwarfed by the 83,846&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> of [[French Guiana]].

Gironde is well known for the [[Côte d'Argent]] beach which is Europe's longest, attracting many [[surfer]]s to [[Lacanau]] each year. It is also the birthplace of [[Jacques-Yves Cousteau]] who studied the sea and all forms of life in water.

[[The Great Dune of Pyla]] in [[Arcachon Bay]] near Bordeaux is the tallest sand dune in Europe.<ref>C.G. (14 August 2009). Les Adresses de Mathilde Seigner et Fabien Onteniente. ''[[Le Figaro|Le Figaro Magazine]]''. {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

==Demographics==

{{historical populations|align=none|cols=2|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/33his.html|title=Historique de la Gironde|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-33|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|13=1801|14=502,723|15=1806|16=522,371|17=1821|18=522,041|19=1831|20=554,225|21=1841|22=568,034|23=1851|24=614,387|25=1861|26=667,193|27=1872|28=705,149|29=1881|30=748,703|31=1891|32=793,528|33=1901|34=821,131|35=1911|36=829,095|37=1921|38=819,128|39=1931|40=852,768|41=1936|42=850,567|43=1946|44=858,381|45=1954|46=896,517|47=1962|48=935,448|49=1968|50=1,009,390|51=1975|52=1,061,480|53=1982|54=1,127,546|55=1990|56=1,213,499|57=1999|58=1,287,532|59=2006|60=1,393,758|61=2011|62=1,463,662|63=2016|64=1,566,679}}

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Bordeaux]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 30,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Bordeaux]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 260,958
|-
| [[Mérignac, Gironde|Mérignac]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 72,197
|-
| [[Pessac]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 65,245
|-
| [[Talence]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 43,820
|-
| [[Villenave-d'Ornon]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 36,754
|-
| [[Saint-Médard-en-Jalles]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 31,808
|-
| [[Bègles]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 30,642
|}

==Politics==
The President of the [[Departmental Council of Gironde|Departmental Council]] is Jean-Luc Gleyze of the [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!colspan=2| Party || seats
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] ||align="right"| 45
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
|[[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] ||align="right"| 12
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|French Communist Party}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[French Communist Party]] ||align="right"| 3
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Miscellaneous Right}}" |
|[[Miscellaneous Right]] ||align="right"| 1
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" |
|[[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]] ||align="right"| 1
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Traditions}}" |
|[[Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition]] ||align="right"| 1
|-
|}

===Current National Assembly Representatives===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Gironde's 1st constituency]]
| [[Dominique David]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Gironde's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Catherine Fabre]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Gironde's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Loïc Prud'homme]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[Gironde's 4th constituency]]
| [[Alain David (politician)|Alain David]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Gironde's 5th constituency]]
| [[Benoît Simian]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Gironde's 6th constituency]]
| [[Éric Poulliat]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Gironde's 7th constituency]]
| [[Bérangère Couillard]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Gironde's 8th constituency]]
| [[Sophie Panonacle]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" |
| [[Gironde's 9th constituency]]
| [[Sophie Mette]]
| [[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Gironde's 10th constituency]]
| [[Florent Boudié]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|National Rally}}" |
| [[Gironde's 11th constituency]]
| [[Edwige Diaz]]
| [[National Rally]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[Gironde's 12th constituency]]
| [[Christelle Dubos]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|}

==Tourism==
<gallery>
File:Place-Bourse Bordeaux-boosted-colours.jpg|[[Bordeaux]]
File:Cave Blanc Château de Rochemorin.JPG|[[Bordeaux wine]]
File:Dune du pyla 2009.JPG|[[The Great Dune of Pyla]]
File:Arcachon tchanquée.JPG|[[Arcachon Bay]]
File:Bourg-sur-Gironde2.jpg|[[Bourg-sur-Gironde]]
File:Château de La Brède en Gironde.jpg|[[Château de la Brède]], birthplace of [[Montesquieu]]
File:France - Blaye - La Gironde depuis la citadelle.jpg|The [[Gironde estuary]] seen from the citadel of [[Blaye]]
File:Les Grottes de Ferrand.jpg|[[Grottoes of Ferrand]]
File:Château des Freytets nouveau château d'Eck cadaujac.JPG|[[Château d'Eck]]
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Cantons of the Gironde department]]
*[[Communes of the Gironde department]]
*[[Arrondissements of the Gironde department]]
*[[Bordeaux wine regions]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.gironde.fr/ Departmental Council website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.gironde.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|en}} [https://www.gironde-tourisme.fr/en/ Tourism Office website]

{{Departments of France}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Gironde| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Nouvelle-Aquitaine]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]