Editing Giovanni d'Andrea

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[[File:Bologna museum, arca di giovanni di andrea (m. 1348) 02.JPG|thumb|Sepulchre of Giovanni d'Andrea]]
'''Giovanni d'Andrea''' or '''Johannes Andreæ''' (1270&nbsp;{{abbr|×|sometime between}}&nbsp;1275&nbsp;&ndash; 1348) was an Italian expert in [[canon law]]. His contemporaries referred to him as ''iuris canonici fons et tuba'' ("the fount and trumpet of canon law"). Most important among his works were extensive commentaries on all of the official collections of papal [[decretal]]s, papal judgments in the form of letters to delegated judges that were at the core of canon law.

==Life==
Giovanni d'Andrea was born at [[Firenzuola|Rifredo]], near [[Florence]], and studied Roman law and [[canon law]] at the [[University of Bologna]], the great law school of the age, where he distinguished himself in this subject so much that he was made professor at [[Padua]], and then at [[Pisa]] before returning to Bologna, where he remained from the season of 1301–02 until his death, save for brief seasons at [[Padua]] 1307–09 and 1319. He wrote the statutes by which the university was governed, in 1317.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://amesfoundation.law.harvard.edu/BioBibCanonists/Report_Biobib2.php?record_id=r339|title=BioBib Report}}</ref>

The 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' related curious stories of him: that by way of self-mortification he lay every night for twenty years on the bare ground with only a bear's skin for a covering (yet it is known that he remained a layman, was married and had children); that in an audience he had with [[Pope Boniface VIII]] his extraordinary shortness of stature led the pope to believe he was kneeling, and to ask him three times to rise, to the immense merriment of the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]]s; and that he had a daughter, [[Novella d'Andrea|Novella]], so accomplished in law as to be able to read her father's lectures in his absence, and so beautiful that she had to read behind a curtain lest her face should distract the attention of the students. He was also the father of [[Bettina d'Andrea]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

He is reported to have died at Bologna of the [[Black Death]] in 1348, and an epitaph in the church of the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]]s in which he was buried (calling him ''Rabbi Doctorum, Lux, Censor, Normaque Morum'') testifies to the public estimation of his character.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} [[Johannes Calderinus]] (1300–1365) was his student and later his adoptive son. [[Paulus de Liazariis]] and [[Johannes de Sancto Georgio]] were among his students, and he counted the [[Humanism|humanists]] [[Cino da Pistoia]] and [[Petrarch]] among his friends.

==Works==
[[File:Giovanni d'Andrea – Summa de sponsalibus et matrimoniis, 1472-1474 – BEIC 12484394.jpg|thumb|''Summa de sponsalibus et matrimoniis'', 1472-1474]]
[[File:Giovanni d'Andrea – Tractatus de Iohannis Andreae lectura arboris consanguinitatis et affinitatis, 15th-century – BEIC 10025445.jpg|thumb|''Tractatus de Iohannis Andreae lectura arboris consanguinitatis et affinitatis'', manuscript, 15th century]]

Giovanni d'Andrea's output was voluminous:

* a [[gloss (annotation)|gloss]] called (''Novella sive commentarius in decretales epistolas Gregorii IX'') on the ''Liber Extra'' (1234), compiled under the direction of [[Pope Gregory IX]] (see [[Decretal]]s)
* an encomium of Saint [[Jerome]], the ''Hierominianum''
* glosses on the ''[[Constitutiones Clementinae]]'' or [[Decretal#Decretal collections|Clementines of 1317]] which became the standard gloss (the {{Lang|la|Glossa ordinaria}}) for this text<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brundage |first=James A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RnbJAwAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PT87&dq=Giovanni%20d'Andrea%20glossa%20ordinaria&pg=PT87#v=onepage&q=Giovanni%20d'Andrea%20glossa%20ordinaria&f=false |title=Medieval Canon Law |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-89533-6 |language=en}}</ref>
* a commentary called the ''Mercuriales'' on the ''Regula iuris'' in the ''Liber Sextus'' (1298) of [[Pope Boniface VIII|Boniface VIII]].

Among lesser works, his additions to the ''Speculum'' of [[Guillaume Durand|Durandus]] are simply an adaptation from the ''Consilia'' of [[Oldradus de Ponte]], as is also his ''De Sponsalibus et Matrimonio'', from [[Johannes Anguisciola]].

* {{Cite book|title=Summa de sponsalibus et matrimoniis|publisher=Martin Flach|location=Basel|year=1472–1474|language=la|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=12484394}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*"[[s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Giovanni Andrea|Giovanni Andrea]]" in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 9th Edition, Vol. II, p.&nbsp;20.
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Andrea, Giovanni|volume=1|page=969}}
*{{cite CE1913|wstitle=Giovanni d'Andrea|first=Thomas|last=Walsh|volume=1}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090117031101/http://saints.sqpn.com/ncd00524.htm "Giovanni d'Andrea"], ''New Catholic Dictionary''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070611131207/http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/1298h-j.htm Ken Pennington, "Medieval Canonists; A Bio-Bibliographical Listing] compiled for the ''History of Medieval Canon Law''

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Andrea, Giovanni De}}
[[Category:1270s births]]
[[Category:1348 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Metropolitan City of Florence]]
[[Category:14th-century Italian jurists]]
[[Category:Canon law jurists]]
[[Category:Italian Renaissance humanists]]
[[Category:14th-century deaths from plague (disease)]]
[[Category:13th-century Italian jurists]]
[[Category:14th-century writers in Latin]]