Editing Gerald Schroeder

{{Short description|American-Israeli Jewish physicist}}
{{distinguish|Gerhard Schröder}}
{{For|the Idaho judge|Gerald F. Schroeder}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Gerald L. Schroeder
| image              = Portrait of Gerald Schroeder.jpg
| image_size         = 
| alt                = 
| caption            = Portrait by [[Michael Netzer]]
| native_name        = ג'רלד לורנס שרדר
| native_name_lang   = he
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1938|02|20}}
| birth_place        = [[New York City]]
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| citizenship        = 
| nationality        = 
| alma_mater         = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
| known_for          = 
| awards             = 
| signature          = 
| signature_alt      = 
| footnotes          = 
| website            = http://geraldschroeder.com/
}}
'''Gerald Lawrence Schroeder''' ({{Langx|he|ג'רלד לורנס שרדר}}; born 20 February 1938) is an American-Israeli [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] physicist, author, lecturer, and teacher at College of Jewish Studies [[Aish HaTorah]]'s Discovery Seminar, Essentials and Fellowships programs and Executive Learning Center,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://israel.aish.com/elc/faculty.asp |title=Executive Learning Center Faculty|access-date=2010-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707101104/http://israel.aish.com/elc/faculty.asp |archive-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> who focuses on what he perceives to be an inherent relationship between [[science and spirituality]].

==Education==
Schroeder received his BSc in 1959, his MSc in 1961, and his PhD in nuclear physics and earth and planetary sciences in 1965, from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alum.mit.edu/news/AlumniProfiles/Archive/Gerald_Schroeder_-2759-2C_SM_-2761-2C_PhD_-2765 |title=Nuclear Scientist Sees No God–Science Conflict |last=Lowe |first=Chelsea |date=Sep–Oct 2006 |work=Technology Review |access-date=18 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607203042/https://alum.mit.edu/news/AlumniProfiles/Archive/Gerald_Schroeder_-2759-2C_SM_-2761-2C_PhD_-2765 |archive-date=7 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He worked seven years on the staff of the MIT physics department. He was a member of the [[United States Atomic Energy Commission]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sullivan-county.com/x/science.htm |title=Where the Bible meets the Big Bang
|last=Sacks |first=Brian |date=2 October 2007 |access-date=18 December 2010 |publisher=sullivan-county.com}}</ref>

==Aliyah to Israel==
After [[Aliyah|immigrating]] to Israel in 1971, Schroeder was employed as a researcher at the [[Weizmann Institute of Science]], the [[Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research|Volcani Research Institute]], and the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ou.org/pdf/ja/5767/fall67/17-22.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912232711/http://www.ou.org/pdf/ja/5767/fall67/17-22.pdf |archive-date=2006-09-12 |url-status=live |title=Finding the Intelligence Within the Design |last=Schroeder |first=Gerald |journal=Jewish Action |date=Fall 2006 |pages=17–22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://alum.mit.edu/ne/noteworthy/profiles/schroeder.html |title=Gerald Schroeder '59 |access-date=2008-05-01 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080114081240/http://alum.mit.edu/ne/noteworthy/profiles/schroeder.html |archive-date=14 January 2008}}</ref> He currently teaches at [[Aish HaTorah|Aish HaTorah College of Jewish Studies]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geraldschroeder.com/About.aspx |title=About Dr. Gerald Schroeder |publisher=geraldschroeder.com |access-date=18 December 2010}}</ref>

== Religion and science ==
Schroeder's works frequently cite [[Talmud]]ic, [[Midrash]]ic and medieval commentaries on the [[Genesis creation narrative|biblical creation account]], such as commentaries written by the Jewish philosopher [[Nachmanides]]. Among other things, Schroeder attempts to reconcile a six-day creation as described in Genesis with the scientific evidence that the world is billions of years old, using the idea that the perceived flow of time for a given event in an expanding universe varies with the observer's perspective of that event. He attempts to reconcile the two perspectives numerically, calculating the effect of the stretching of space-time, based on [[Albert Einstein]]'s [[general relativity]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aish.com/print/?contentID=48951136&section=/ci/sam |last=Schroeder |first=Dr. Gerald |title=Age of the Universe |publisher=aish.com |access-date=18 December 2010}}</ref>

Namely, he claims that from the perspective of the point of origin of the [[Big Bang]], according to Einstein's equations of the 'stretching factor', [[Time dilation|time dilates]] by a factor of roughly 1,000,000,000,000, meaning one trillion days on earth would appear to pass as one day from that point, due to the stretching of space. When applied to the estimated age of the universe at 13.8 billion years, from the perspective of the point of origin, the universe today would appear to have just begun its sixth day of existence, or if the universe is 15 billion years old from the perspective of earth, it would appear to have just completed its sixth day.<ref>''The Hidden Face of God: Science Reveals the Ultimate Truth'', by Gerald L. Schroeder PhD (9 May 2002)</ref>
[[Antony Flew]], an academic philosopher who promoted atheism for most of his adult life, indicated that the arguments of Gerald Schroeder had influenced his decision to become a [[deist]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-antony-flew15-2010apr15,0,4059881.story |title=Antony Flew dies at 87; atheist philosopher who changed his mind late in life |agency=Associated Press |date=14 April 2010 |access-date=18 December 2010 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/04/magazine/04Flew-t.html?_r=2&pagewanted=all |title=The Turning of an Atheist |last=Oppenheimer |first=Mark |date=4 November 2007 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=18 December 2010}}</ref>

Schroeder's theories to reconcile faith and science have drawn some criticism from both religious and non-religious scientists, and his works remain controversial in scientific circles.<ref>[https://answersingenesis.org/creationism/old-earth/gerald-schroeders-new-variation-on-the-day-age-theory-1/ "Gerald Schroeder and his New Variation on the 'Day-Age' Theory"], 1 August 2000</ref><ref>Perakh, Mark. [http://www.talkreason.org/articles/schroeder.cfm "Not a Very Big Bang About Genesis"], December 2001.</ref>  [[Natan Slifkin]] argues that Schroeder's calculations do not fit the order of creation as presented in Genesis vs. the order of organism development as dictated by our current understanding of [[evolutionary biology]].<ref>''The Challenge of Creation: Judaism's Encounter with Science, Cosmology and Evolution'' (Zoo Torah/Yashar Books 2006) ISBN 1-933143-15-0</ref>

==Personal==
Schroeder's wife Barbara Sofer is a columnist for the English-language Israeli newspaper ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]''. The couple have five children.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/author/barbara-sofer |title=Barbara Sofer |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref>

==Prizes==
In 2012, Schroeder was awarded the [[Trotter Prize (Texas A&M)|Trotter Prize]] by [[Texas A&M University]]'s College of Science.<ref>[http://www.science.tamu.edu/trotter/ Trotter Prize & Endowed Lecture Series]</ref>

==Works==
* ''Genesis and the Big Bang'' (1990), {{ISBN|0-553-35413-2}}
* ''The Science of God: The Convergence of Scientific and Biblical Wisdom'', (1997), {{ISBN|0-7679-0303-X}}
* ''The Hidden Face of God: Science Reveals the Ultimate Truth'', (2002), {{ISBN|0-7432-0325-9}}.
* ''God According to God: A Physicist Proves We've Been Wrong About God All Along'', (2009), {{ISBN|978-0-06-171015-5}}.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
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* [http://www.geraldschroeder.com/ Gerald Schroeder] (official website)
* [https://archive.today/20120805222053/https://alum.mit.edu/news/AlumniProfiles/Archive/Gerald_Schroeder_-2759-2C_SM_-2761-2C_PhD_-2765.jsp MIT Alumni Association. "News and Views: Nuclear Scientist Sees No God–Science Conflict"]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzetqYev_AI Dr. Schroeder speaking on cosmology: a 30-min. clip from the documentary ''Has Science Discovered God?'']
* [http://www.aish.com/print/?contentID=48951136&section=/ci/sam "The Age of the Universe"], aish.com
* Critiques of Schroeder's books by [[Mark Perakh]] at the site Talk Reason [http://www.talkreason.org/articles/schroeder.cfm 1999], [http://www.talkreason.org/articles/schroeder.cfm 2005], [http://www.talkreason.org/articles/flew.cfm 2007]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110225170234/http://torahexplorer.com/ Critique of ''Genesis & the Big Bang''], Rabbi Yoram Bogacz

===Articles by Gerald L. Schroeder===
*[http://www.jpost.com/home/article.aspx?id=194959 "God and the laws of natures"]
*[http://www.aish.com/ci/sam/64069232.html "The Origins of Life"]
*[http://www.aish.com/ci/sam/48961636.html "An Atheist Turns"]
*[http://www.aish.com/ci/sam/48951611.html "Evolution: Rationality vs. Randomness"]
*[http://www.aish.com/ci/sam/48951136.html "Age of the Universe"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416020604/https://www.aish.com/ci/sam/48951136.html |date=16 April 2021 }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schroeder, Gerald}}
[[Category:American Orthodox Jews]]
[[Category:Jewish physicists]]
[[Category:21st-century American physicists]]
[[Category:Israeli physicists]]
[[Category:American nuclear physicists]]
[[Category:Israeli nuclear physicists]]
[[Category:Judaism and science]]
[[Category:Aish HaTorah]]
[[Category:American emigrants to Israel]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Israeli Orthodox Jews]]
[[Category:Jewish creationists]]
[[Category:Old Earth creationism]]
[[Category:Writers about religion and science]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni]]
[[Category:1938 births]]