Editing Geography of Yemen

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{{More citations needed|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox country geography
| name                   = Yemen
| image name             = 
| image size             = 
| image caption          = 
| image alt              = 
| map                    = Yemen relief location map.jpg
| map size               = 250
| map_alt                = Topographic map of Yemen
| continent              = [[Asia]]
| region                 = [[Middle East]]
| coordinates            = {{coord|15|N|48|E|type:country_region:YE|display=inline,title}}
| area ranking           = 54th
| km area                = 455,503<ref name="area">{{cite web|url=https://ye.chm-cbd.net/sites/ye/files/2022-05/NSES.pdf|title=THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 2005-2015 AND NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN 2005-2010|publisher=Republic of Yemen Ministry of Water and Environment Environment Protection Agency|page=6|quote=The area of Yemen is 455,503 sq. km. most of which is rocky land}}</ref>
| miles area             = 
| percent land           = 
| percent water          = 
| km coastline           = 1,906
| miles coastline        = 
|exclusive economic zone = {{convert|552,669|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}
| borders                = {{cvt|1,746|km|mi}} <br/>[[Oman]]: {{cvt|288|km|mi}} <br/>[[Saudi Arabia]]: {{cvt|1,458|km|mi}}
| highest point          = [[Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb]]<br/> {{cvt|3,667|m|ft}}
| lowest point           =   [[Arabian Sea]]<br/> {{cvt|0|m|ft}}
| longest river          = 
| largest lake           = 
| climate                = 
| terrain                = 
| natural resources      = Oil, natural gas, rock salt, marble
| natural hazards        = 
| environmental issues   = 
}}

[[Yemen]] is located in [[West Asia]], at the southern tip of the [[Arabian Peninsula]], between [[Oman]] and [[Saudi Arabia]]. It is situated at the entrance to the [[Bab-el-Mandeb]] Strait, which links the [[Red Sea]] to the [[Indian Ocean]] (via the [[Gulf of Aden]]) and is one of the most active and strategic shipping lanes in the world. Yemen has an area of {{convert|455503|km2|sqmi}}, including the islands of [[Perim]] at the southern end of the Red Sea and [[Socotra]] at the entrance to the Gulf of Aden.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Yemen |url=https://mom-ye.com/site-en/%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86/ |website=Ministry of Oil and Minerals}}</ref> Yemen's land boundaries total {{convert|1746|km|mi}}. Yemen borders Saudi Arabia to the north ({{convert|1458|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=or}}) and Oman to the northeast ({{convert|288|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=or}}).<ref name=cp>{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Yemen.pdf |title=Country Profile: Yemen |date=August 2008 |website=[[Federal Research Division]] |publisher=[[United States]] [[Library of Congress]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316210128/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Yemen.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2015 |url-status=dead |access-date=23 May 2019 }} ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> Through the Socotra island, Yemen also shares borders with the [[Guardafui Channel]] and the Somali Sea.<ref>McLaughlin, Rob. "The Continuing Conundrum of the Somali Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 30.2 (2015): 305-334.</ref>

==Topography==
[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map YEM present.svg|thumb| Yemen's [[Köppen climate classification]] map<ref name="Peel">{{cite journal | author=Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. | year=2007 | title= Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification | journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. | volume=11 | issue=5 | pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 | bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P | url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html | issn = 1027-5606| doi-access=free }} ''(direct: [http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf Final Revised Paper])''</ref> is based on native vegetation, temperature, precipitation and their seasonality.
{{legend|#FE0000|[[hot desert climate|BWh Hot desert]]}}
{{legend|#FE9695|[[cold desert climate|BWk Cold desert]]}}
{{legend|#F5A301|[[hot semi-arid climate|BSh Hot semi-arid]]}}
{{legend|#FFDB63|[[cold semi-arid climate|BSk Cold semi-arid]]}}
{{legend|#63C764|[[subtropical highland climate|CWb Subtropical highland]]}}
]]
{{multiple image |align=right |direction=vertical |width=
 |image1=Yemen-map.png |caption1=Map of Yemen
 |image2=Tihama on the Red Sea near Khaukha, Yemen.jpg |caption2=The [[Tihamah]]
 |image3=Wadi Dhar.jpg |caption3=Wadi Dhar
 |image4=Yemen landscape 03.jpg |caption4=Near [[Kawkaban]], [[Sanaa Governorate]]
 |image5=Yemen landscape 05.jpg |caption5=Agricultural terraces in the [[Jabal Haraz|Haraz]]-[[Sarawat Mountains|Sarat Mountains]]
}}

Yemen occupies the southern end of the [[Arabian Plate]].<ref name="Hadden2012">{{citation |last=Hadden |first=R. L. |title=The Geology of Yemen: An Annotated Bibliography of Yemen's Geology, Geography, and Earth Science |location=[[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria, VA]] |publisher=[[Army Geospatial Center]], [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] |url=https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo31923 |year=2012}}</ref>

The country's mountainous interior is surrounded by narrow coastal plains to the west, south, and east and by upland desert to the north along the border with Saudi Arabia. The [[Tihamah]] is a nearly {{convert|419|km|mi|adj=on}} long, semidesert coastal plain that runs along the [[Red Sea]] and is part of the [[Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert]] [[ecoregion]]. The highland regions are interspersed with [[wadi]]s, or river valleys, that are dry in the winter months (Yemen has no permanent rivers.) Most notable is the [[Wadi Hadhramaut]] in eastern Yemen, the upper portions of which contain alluvial soil and floodwaters and the lower portion of which is barren and largely uninhabited. Both the eastern plateau region and the desert in the north are hot and dry with little vegetation.<ref name=cp/>

In the northeastern [[Empty Quarter]], sands highlight the region, being the largest expanse of sand in the world. It receives little to no rain for extensive periods of time. Little vegetation grows here either. The central highlands are drier than the western highlands because of rain-shadow influences, but still receives sufficient rain in wet years for extensive cropping. Its [[diurnal temperature variation]]s are among the highest in the world: ranges from {{convert|30|°C|°F|abbr=on|lk=on}} in the day to {{convert|0|°C|°F|abbr=on}} at night are normal. Water storage allows for irrigation and the growing of wheat and barley while the western highlands are famous for [[sorghum]], [[coffee]], and some tropical fruits like bananas and mangos.

==Elevation==
Yemen is a continuously elevated country, with only the coastal plains being the lowest-lying areas. Jagged peaks and plateaus cover most of Yemen, and the average elevation in the country is about {{convert|2,000|m|ft}}. The interior mountains have elevations ranging from a few hundred meters to the highest point in the country and the [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb]], which is {{convert|3,666|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level, within the [[Jabal Haraz|Haraz]]i subrange of the [[Sarawat Mountains|Sarawat]].<ref name="Burrows2010">{{cite book |author=Robert D. Burrowes |title=Historical Dictionary of Yemen |pages=5–340 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tjXRfqBv_0UC |isbn=978-0-8108-5528-1}}</ref><ref name="Laughlin2008">{{cite book |last=McLaughlin |first=Daniel |title=Yemen |publisher=[[Bradt Travel Guides]] |chapter=1: Background |page=3 |isbn=978-1-8416-2212-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQvhZaEVzjcC |year=2008}}</ref> The range of elevation is thus from [[sea level]] to {{convert|3666|m|ft}}, and among the countries in the Arab world, it is the one with the second highest high point, after [[Morocco]]'s {{convert|4,167|m|ft|0}} high [[Jbel Toubkal]]. The Yemenis used the elevation of their homeland to stay isolated for thousands of years with foreign trade conducted only when the Yemenis wished to go to the coastal areas. The mountains are young, jagged peaks that are known to rise from an elevation of a few hundred meters to well over {{convert|3,000|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The mountains can be separated into a western and central highland. The western highlands have peaks reaching around {{convert|3,000|m|mile|abbr=off}}, with relatively fertile soil and sufficient and plentiful rainfall. The central highlands is more like a plateau of about {{convert|2,000|–|3,200|m|mile|abbr=off}}, with rolling hills, small knolls, and some very prominent peaks, but is still relatively more elevated. Less rainfall can be seen in this region, but the summer months give enough to sustain crops.

==Climate==
Temperatures are lower in most of Yemen than in most of the [[Arab world]] due to most of the country being at high elevation. Rainfall is higher at higher elevations. The highlands enjoy a temperate, rainy summer with an average high temperature of {{convert|21|°C|°F|1|abbr=on}} and a cool, moderately dry winter with temperatures occasionally dipping below {{convert|0|°C|°F|1|abbr=on}}. The climate of the [[Tihamah]] (western coastal plain) is tropical; temperatures occasionally exceed {{convert|54|°C|°F|1}}, and the humidity ranges from 50 to 70 percent. Rainfall, which comes in irregular heavy torrents, averages {{convert|130|mm|in|2}} annually. In Aden the average temperature is {{convert|25|°C|°F|1}} in January and {{convert|32|°C|°F|1}} in June, but with highs often exceeding {{convert|37|°C|°F|1}}. Average annual rainfall is {{convert|127|mm|in|0}}. The highest mountainous areas of southern Yemen receive from {{convert|520|to|760|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} of rain a year. Some areas of the western highlands, most notably Ibb and Ta'izz, receive from about {{convert|1000|–|1500|mm|in|1}} of rain each year. The capital, Sana'a, receives around {{convert|300|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} a year, it is not uncommon for the northern and eastern sections of the country to receive no rain for five years or more. The Wadi Hadhramaut in the eastern part of Yemen is arid and hot, and the humidity ranges from 35 percent in June to 64 percent in January. Yemen has the most fertile land in the Arabian peninsula.

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|collapsed=yes
|location=Sanaa, Yemen
|Jan record high C=30
|Feb record high C=31
|Mar record high C=32
|Apr record high C=32
|May record high C=37
|Jun record high C=39
|Jul record high C=41
|Aug record high C=38
|Sep record high C=40
|Oct record high C=34
|Nov record high C=33
|Dec record high C=31

|Jan high C=22.3
|Feb high C=24.7
|Mar high C=25.6
|Apr high C=24.8
|May high C=25.7
|Jun high C=28.2
|Jul high C=26.6
|Aug high C=25.9
|Sep high C=25.1
|Oct high C=22.2
|Nov high C=20.3
|Dec high C=20.5

|Jan mean C=12.6
|Feb mean C=14.1
|Mar mean C=16.3
|Apr mean C=16.6
|May mean C=18.0
|Jun mean C=19.3
|Jul mean C=20.0
|Aug mean C=19.6
|Sep mean C=17.8
|Oct mean C=15.0
|Nov mean C=12.9
|Dec mean C=12.4

|Jan low C=3.0
|Feb low C=3.6
|Mar low C=7.0
|Apr low C=8.5
|May low C=10.4
|Jun low C=10.5
|Jul low C=13.4
|Aug low C=13.3
|Sep low C=10.6
|Oct low C=7.9
|Nov low C=5.5
|Dec low C=4.4

|Jan record low C=-4
|Feb record low C=-1
|Mar record low C=1
|Apr record low C=4
|May record low C=1
|Jun record low C=9
|Jul record low C=5
|Aug record low C=0
|Sep record low C=3
|Oct record low C=1
|Nov record low C=-1
|Dec record low C=-2

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm=5
|Feb precipitation mm=5
|Mar precipitation mm=17
|Apr precipitation mm=48
|May precipitation mm=29
|Jun precipitation mm=6
|Jul precipitation mm=50
|Aug precipitation mm=77
|Sep precipitation mm=13
|Oct precipitation mm=2
|Nov precipitation mm=8
|Dec precipitation mm=5

|Jan rain days=2
|Feb rain days=3
|Mar rain days=4
|Apr rain days=5
|May rain days=5
|Jun rain days=4
|Jul rain days=4
|Aug rain days=5
|Sep rain days=3
|Oct rain days=3
|Nov rain days=2
|Dec rain days=1

|Jan humidity=39.3
|Feb humidity=35.8
|Mar humidity=38.5
|Apr humidity=41.1
|May humidity=36.0
|Jun humidity=27.2
|Jul humidity=40.1
|Aug humidity=45.5
|Sep humidity=29.9
|Oct humidity=29.0
|Nov humidity=38.1
|Dec humidity=37.7
|year humidity=36.5

|Jand sun=8
|Febd sun=8
|Mard sun=8
|Aprd sun=9
|Mayd sun=9
|Jund sun=8
|Juld sun=6
|Augd sun=7
|Sepd sun=8
|Octd sun=9
|Novd sun=9
|Decd sun=8
 
|source 1= ''Climate-Data.org'' (altitude: 2259m),<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/3171/ |title=Climate: Sanaa - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |access-date=2014-02-23 }}</ref> ''Weather2Travel'' (rainy days, sunshine)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/yemen/sana.php |title=Sana Climate and Weather Averages, Yemen |publisher=Weather2Travel |access-date=2014-02-23 }}</ref>

|source 2= ''Climatebase.ru'' (humidity),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://climatebase.ru/station/41404/?lang=en |title=Sanaa, Yemen |publisher=Climatebase.ru |access-date=2014-02-23 }}</ref> ''Voodoo Skies'' (records)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/yemen/sanaa |title=Sanaa, Yemen |publisher=Voodoo Skies |access-date=2014-02-23 }}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location= Aden
|metric first= yes
|single line= yes
|collapsed = Yes 
|Jan record high C = 31.1
|Feb record high C = 31.7
|Mar record high C = 35.0
|Apr record high C = 37.8
|May record high C = 41.1
|Jun record high C = 41.1
|Jul record high C = 41.1
|Aug record high C = 42.8
|Sep record high C = 38.3
|Oct record high C = 38.9
|Nov record high C = 35.0
|Dec record high C = 32.8
|year record high C = 42.8
|Jan high C = 28.5
|Feb high C = 28.6
|Mar high C = 30.2
|Apr high C = 32.2
|May high C = 34.1
|Jun high C = 36.6
|Jul high C = 35.9
|Aug high C = 35.3
|Sep high C = 35.4
|Oct high C = 33.0
|Nov high C = 30.7
|Dec high C = 28.9
|year high C = 32.4
|Jan mean C = 25.7
|Feb mean C = 26.0
|Mar mean C = 27.2
|Apr mean C = 28.9
|May mean C = 31.0
|Jun mean C = 32.7
|Jul mean C = 32.1
|Aug mean C = 31.5
|Sep mean C = 31.6
|Oct mean C = 28.9
|Nov mean C = 27.1
|Dec mean C = 26.0
|year mean C = 29.1
|Jan low C = 22.6
|Feb low C = 23.2
|Mar low C = 24.0
|Apr low C = 25.6
|May low C = 27.7
|Jun low C = 28.8
|Jul low C = 28.0
|Aug low C = 27.5
|Sep low C = 27.8
|Oct low C = 24.6
|Nov low C = 23.2
|Dec low C = 22.9
|year low C = 25.5
|Jan record low C = 15.6
|Feb record low C = 17.2
|Mar record low C = 18.9
|Apr record low C = 18.9
|May record low C = 21.1
|Jun record low C = 23.9
|Jul record low C = 22.8
|Aug record low C = 23.3
|Sep record low C = 25.0
|Oct record low C = 18.9
|Nov record low C = 18.3
|Dec record low C = 16.7
|year record low C = 15.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 6
|Feb precipitation mm = 3
|Mar precipitation mm = 5
|Apr precipitation mm = 2
|May precipitation mm = 1
|Jun precipitation mm = 0
|Jul precipitation mm = 3
|Aug precipitation mm = 3
|Sep precipitation mm = 5
|Oct precipitation mm = 1
|Nov precipitation mm = 3
|Dec precipitation mm = 5
|year precipitation mm = 36
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 3
|Feb precipitation days = 2
|Mar precipitation days = 2
|Apr precipitation days = 2
|May precipitation days = 1
|Jun precipitation days = 1
|Jul precipitation days = 2
|Aug precipitation days = 2
|Sep precipitation days = 1
|Oct precipitation days = 1
|Nov precipitation days = 1
|Dec precipitation days = 3
|year precipitation days = 20
|Jan humidity = 72
|Feb humidity = 72
|Mar humidity = 74
|Apr humidity = 74
|May humidity = 72
|Jun humidity = 66
|Jul humidity = 65
|Aug humidity = 65
|Sep humidity = 69
|Oct humidity = 68
|Nov humidity = 70
|Dec humidity = 70
|year humidity = 70
|Jan sun = 241.8
|Feb sun = 203.4
|Mar sun = 217.0
|Apr sun = 240.0
|May sun = 303.8
|Jun sun = 282.0
|Jul sun = 241.8
|Aug sun = 269.7
|Sep sun = 270.0
|Oct sun = 294.5
|Nov sun = 285.0
|Dec sun = 257.3
|year sun = 
|Jand sun = 7.8
|Febd sun = 7.2
|Mard sun = 7.0
|Aprd sun = 8.0
|Mayd sun = 9.8
|Jund sun = 9.4
|Juld sun = 7.8
|Augd sun = 8.7
|Sepd sun = 9.0
|Octd sun = 9.5
|Novd sun = 9.5
|Decd sun = 8.3
|yeard sun = 8.5
|source 1 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]<ref name = DWD>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_414800_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Aden-Chormaksar / Jemen
| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 25 February 2016}}</ref>
|date=March 2012
}}

=== Climate change ===
Although Yemen has contributed little to causing [[climate change]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ritchie |first=Hannah |last2=Rosado |first2=Pablo |last3=Roser |first3=Max |date=2023-12-05 |title=CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions |url=https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions#co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions-country-profiles |journal=Our World in Data |language=en}}</ref> it is one of the world's most vulnerable countries to climate change and among the least prepared to handle its effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=University of Notre Dame |title=Rankings // Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative // University of Notre Dame |url=https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/rankings/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250303150416/https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/rankings/ |archive-date=2025-03-03 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Around half of the population is exposed to at least one major climate threat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=World Bank |date=20 November 2024 |title=Yemen Country Climate and Development Report |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/yemen/publication/yemen-country-climate-and-development-report |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> Climate change impacts in Yemen include increasing temperatures, drought, desertification, disease outbreaks and sea level rise. [[Extreme weather]] events like cyclones, floods and landslides have been intensifying in Yemen as a result of climate change. These impacts have already worsened the country's existing water scarcity issues, decreased agricultural and fishery productivity and affected the [[food security]] and health of Yemenites.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ReliefWeb |date=2023-09-23 |title=Climate Change Impacts on Yemen and Adaptation Strategies |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/climate-change-impacts-yemen-and-adaptation-strategies |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref>

Yemen is one of only three countries that has not yet joined the [[Paris Agreement]] and has not submitted any [[Nationally determined contribution|Nationally Determined Contributions]], although they did submit an intended NDC in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yemen  Climate Change Data {{!}} Emissions and Policies |url=https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/YEM?end_year=2021&start_year=1990 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=www.climatewatchdata.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yemen {{!}} NDC Partnership |url=https://ndcpartnership.org/country/yem |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=ndcpartnership.org |language=en}}</ref> To help the country [[Climate change adaptation|adapt]] to climate change, The World Bank recommends investments in disaster risk management strategies, renewable energy, water management, soil conservation and [[Climate-smart agriculture|climate smart agriculture]]. However, Yemen faces challenges in accessing [[climate finance]] due to low institutional capacity and poor stakeholder coordination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yemen Country Climate and Development Report |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/yemen/publication/yemen-country-climate-and-development-report |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref>

==Coastline and maritime claims==
Yemen has {{convert|2400|km|mi}} of coastline along the [[Arabian Sea]], the [[Gulf of Aden]], and the Red Sea. Yemen claims a territorial sea of {{convert|12|nmi|mi km|1|lk=on}}, a contiguous zone of {{convert|24|nmi|mi km|1}}, an [[Exclusive Economic Zone]] of {{convert|552,669|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} based on {{convert|200|nmi|mi km|1}}. It has a continental shelf of {{convert|200|nmi|mi km|1}} or to the edge of the continental margin.<ref name=cp/>

==Natural resources==
Yemen's principal natural resources are oil and natural gas as well as agriculturally productive land in the west. Other natural resources include fish and seafood, rock salt, marble, and major unexplored  deposits of [[coal]], [[gold]], [[lead]], [[nickel]], and [[copper]].<ref name=cp/>

==Land use==
Only 2.91 percent of Yemen is considered to be arable land, and less than 0.6 percent of the land is planted with permanent crops. About {{convert|6801|km2|sqmi}} of the land is irrigated. According to the [[United Nations]], Yemen has {{convert|19550|km2|sqmi}} of forest and other wooded land, which constitutes almost 4 percent of total land area.<ref name=cp/>

==Environmental factors==
{{See also|Environmental issues in Yemen}}
[[File:Water_Stress,_Top_Countries_(2020).svg|thumb|Yemen is the sixth most water stressed country in the world.]]
Yemen is subject to sandstorms and dust storms, resulting in soil erosion and crop damage. The country has very limited natural freshwater and consequently inadequate supplies of potable water. [[Desertification]] ([[land degradation]] caused by aridity) and [[overgrazing]] are also problems.<ref name=cp/> It is a party to international [[Biodiversity]], Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, and [[Ozone Layer Protection]] agreements.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/yemen/ |title=Yemen |author=<!--Not Stated--> |date=<!--Not Stated--> |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[United States]] [[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=23 May 2019}}</ref>

==Disputed territory==
A long-standing dispute between Saudi Arabia and Yemen was resolved in June 2000 with the signing of the [[Treaty of Jeddah (2000)|Treaty of Jeddah]]. This agreement provides coordinates for use in delineating the land and maritime border, including the section in the eastern desert region of Yemen that potentially contains significant amounts of oil. Friction between the two countries in recent years over security of the borders appears to have been alleviated by the establishment of joint border patrols. Following years of dispute between Yemen and [[Eritrea]] over ownership of the [[Hanish Islands]] and fishing rights in the Red Sea, in 1999 an international arbitration panel awarded sovereignty of the islands to Yemen. Relations between the two countries remain strained, however, and Yemen continues to protest Eritrean fishing in the disputed territory.<ref name=cp/>

==See also==
* [[Mountains in the Arabian Peninsula]]
** [[Hadhramaut Mountains]]
** [[List of volcanoes in Yemen]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Yemen topics}}
{{Geography of Asia}}
{{Asia topic|Climate of}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Geography of Yemen| ]]

[[bn:ইয়েমেন#ভূগোল]]