Editing Geography of Andorra

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|+<big><big>'''Andorra'''</big></big>
|-
|  style="background:#efefef; text-align:center;" colspan="2"|
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
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|  style="text-align:center; width:140px;"| [[File:Andorra topographic map-en.svg|thumb|right|300px|Map of Andorra]]
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| '''[[Continent]]''' || [[Europe]]
|-
| '''[[Subregion]]''' || [[Southwest Europe]]
|-
| '''[[Geographic coordinates]]''' || {{coord|42|30|N|1|30|E|type:country_region:AD}}
|-
| '''[[Area]]'''<br />&nbsp;- Total <br />&nbsp;- Water
| [[List of countries by area|Ranked 179th]]<br />[[1 E12 m²|468 km²]]<br /> {{convert|121.4|ha|km2}}<!--not including areas of rivers--><ref name="gg1">Girard P & Gomez P (2009), [http://www.lacsdespyrenees.com/vallee-Andorre.html Lacs des Pyrénées: Andorre]. {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
|-
| '''Coastline''' || 0&nbsp;km (landlocked)
|-
| '''Land boundaries''' || 118&nbsp;km
|-
| '''Countries bordered''' || [[Spain]] 63&nbsp;km <br /> [[France]] 55&nbsp;km
|-
| '''Highest point''' || [[Coma Pedrosa]], 2,946 m
|-
| '''Lowest point''' || [[Riu Runer]], 840 m (2756 ft)
|-
| '''Longest river''' || [[Gran Valira]]
|-
| '''Largest inland body of water''' || [[Lake Juclar]] (23&nbsp;[[hectares|ha]])<ref name="gg1"/>
|-
| '''Land use''' || arable land: 1.7% <br /> permanent crops: 0% <br /> permanent pasture 38.3% <br /> forest: 34.0% <br /> other: 26.0% (2018)
|-
| '''Irrigated land''' 0&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> ||
|-
| '''[[Climate]]''': || [[temperate]]; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
|-
| '''[[Terrain]]''': || rugged [[mountain]]s and narrow [[valley]]s
|-
| '''Natural resources''' ||  [[hydropower]], [[mineral water]], [[timber]], [[iron ore]], [[lead]]
|-
| '''Natural hazards''' || [[avalanche]]s
|-
| '''Environmental issues''' || [[deforestation]], [[overgrazing]] of meadows, [[air pollution]], [[waste disposal]]
|}

[[Andorra]] is a small, landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern [[Pyrenees]] mountain range and bordered by Spain and France. With an area of 468&nbsp;km², it is the sixth smallest country in Europe and also the largest of the [[European microstates]].

Andorra consists predominantly of rugged mountains, the highest being the [[Coma Pedrosa]] at {{convert|2942|m|ft|0}}, and the average elevation of Andorra is {{convert|1996|m|ft|0}}.<ref>Atlas of Andorra (1991), Andorran Government. {{oclc|801960401}}.  {{in lang|ca}}</ref> These are dissected by three narrow valleys in a Y shape that combine into one as the main stream, the [[Gran Valira]] river, leaves the country for Spain (at Andorra's lowest point of {{convert|840|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}).

Andorra's [[climate]] is similar to that of its neighbours' [[temperate climate]]s, but its higher elevation means there is, on average, more snow in winter, lower humidity, and it is slightly cooler in summer. There are, on average, 300&nbsp;days per year of sunshine.

[[Phytogeography|Phytogeographically]], Andorra belongs to the Atlantic European province of the [[Circumboreal Region]] within the [[Boreal Kingdom]]. According to the [[World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF]], the territory of Andorra belongs to the ecoregion of [[Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests]].

Landslides and avalanches are the main natural hazards. There are frequent earthquakes below [[Richter magnitude]]&nbsp;2. There is no historical record of any damaging earthquakes in Andorra, but the Andorran government has studied the possibility of a future one.<ref name="sost1">[http://www.sostenibilitat.ad/admin/documents/23102008152321_programa%20activitats%20TARDOR%2008.pdf Conseqüències per a Andorra d'un possible terratrèmol] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706062233/http://www.sostenibilitat.ad/admin/documents/23102008152321_programa%20activitats%20TARDOR%2008.pdf |date=2011-07-06 }}, Programa dactivitats tardor 08, ''el Centre Andorra Sostenible'', Govern d'Andorra, p.16. {{in lang|ca}}</ref>

In Andorra [[forest cover]] is around 34% of the total land area, equivalent to 16,000 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, which was unchanged from 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 16,000 hectares (ha) and planted forest covered 0 hectares (ha). Of the naturally regenerating forest 0% was reported to be [[primary forest]] (consisting of native tree species with no clearly visible indications of human activity) and around 0% of the forest area was found within protected areas.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content |title=Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Andorra |url=https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2020/AND/home/overview |website=Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref>

==Mountains==
[[File:Andorra la Vella view2.jpg|thumb|left|View of [[Andorra la Vella]] with mountains]]
All of Andorra is mountainous, and in total, there are 65 mountain peaks.<ref name="dss">Andorra – The Principality in Figures (2007), p.16, ''Andorra Turisme / Department of Studies and Statistics''</ref>

The highest mountain is [[Coma Pedrosa]], which rises to {{convert|2942|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in the northwest of Andorra near the French and Spanish borders.

Along the border with France, from west to east, the highest mountains are [[Pic de Médécourbe]] ({{convert|2914|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), which is the western tripoint international boundary of Andorra, France, and Spain, [[Pic de Cataperdis]] ({{convert|2805|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) and [[Pic de Tristaina]] ({{convert|2878|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), [[Pic de Font Blanca]] ({{convert|2903|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) in the northwest; [[Pic de Siguer]] ({{convert|2903|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), [[Pic de la Serrera]] ({{convert|2914|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) and [[Pic d'Anrodat]] ({{convert|2730|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) in the north; and [[Pic de Noé]] ({{convert|2737|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), [[Pic de la Cabaneta]] ({{convert|2818|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) and [[Roc Mélé]] ({{convert|2811|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) in the east.

Along the border with Spain, from west to east, the highest mountains are [[Pic de Médécourbe]] ({{convert|2914|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), Pic de Coma Pedrosa ({{convert|2942|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), [[Port de Cabús]] ({{convert|2301|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) and [[Pic dels Llacs]] ({{convert|2692|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) in the west; [[Pic Negre]] ({{convert|2665|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), [[Torre dels Soldats]] ({{convert|2761|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), and [[Pic de la Portelleta]] ({{convert|2905|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) in the south.

In the east, near where the borders of the two countries meet, lies [[Pic d’Envalira]] ({{convert|2825|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) and [[Pic dels Pessons]] ({{convert|2865|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}). A lake, [[Estany de l'Estanyó]], and a mountain, [[Pic de l’Estanyó]] ({{convert|2915|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) lie just east of [[El Serrat]] and are accessible only by hiking trail.

==Lakes and rivers==
Andorra is drained almost entirely by a single basin whose main river, the [[Gran Valira]], exits the country in the south near the Spain–Andorra road border crossing.

The [[Valira del Nord]] is the northwest tributary, flowing from near El Serrat through the settlements of Les Salines, Arans, La Cortinada, Sornàs, [[Ordino]], and [[La Massana]] — where it meets the [[Riu Tristaina|Tristaina River]] — and eventually through [[Les Escaldes]] where it meets the [[Valira d'Orient]] forming the Gran Valira.

The [[Valira d'Orient]] is the northeast tributary, flowing from near [[Grau Roig]] through [[Soldeu]], [[Canillo]], [[Encamp]], and Les Escaldes where it meets the [[Riu Madriu|Madriu River]] and then the Valira del Nord, becoming the Gran Valira.

There are also several much smaller [[drainage basin]]s that span Andorra's borders with France and Spain. The most notable of these is the Pic de Maià basin whose main river, the Sant Josep, flows easterly out of the country into France and is a tributary of the [[Ariège (river)|Ariège]], which is in the [[Garonne]] basin (Atlantic).

Andorra has 172 lakes, of which the largest is Estanys de Juclar ({{convert|23|ha|acre|0|disp=or}})<ref name="gg1"/> near Pic de Noé in the north east.

==Climate==
The climate in Andorra varies greatly with elevation. The valleys have an [[oceanic climate]] that is similar to the [[temperate]] climate of Andorra's neighbours, but because of the higher elevation, winters tend to be more severe, the humidity lower, and summers slightly cooler. Regions above the [[tree line#Alpine tree lines|Alpine tree line]] at about {{convert|2100|–|2400|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} have an [[alpine climate]] and [[alpine tundra]]. Snow completely covers the northern valleys for several months. There are, on average, 300 days per year of sunshine. Average daily peak [[insolation]] varies from 1150&nbsp;[[Watt|W]]/m<sup>2</sup> in June to 280&nbsp;W/m<sup>2</sup> in December.<ref name="wu1">[http://www.wunderground.com/cgi-bin/findweather/getForecast?query=42.511%2C1.543 Andorra – Escaldes,''Weather Underground'']</ref><ref name="catmet">Atles climàtic de Catalunya. Periode 1961–1990. Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya, Generalitat de Catalunya. {{in lang|ca}}</ref>

The average annual temperature varies from {{convert|11|C|F}} in [[Sant Julià de Lòria]] in the south, to {{convert|8|C|F}} in [[La Massana]] in the centre, and to {{convert|2|C|F}} in [[Arcalis]] in the north.<ref name="catmet"/> The average daily high and low temperatures in [[Escaldes-Engordany]] are, respectively, {{convert|28|C|F}} and {{convert|15|C|F}} in July, and {{convert|11|C|F}} and {{convert|-2|C|F}} in January.<ref name="wu1"/>

Average annual precipitation is {{convert|1071.9|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} for the whole country,<ref name="dss"/> but it varies across the country, increasing with elevation and from south to north. The driest [[Parishes of Andorra|parish]] is [[Sant Julià de Lòria]] ({{convert|800|mm|in|1|abbr=on|disp=or}} per year) in the south, and the wettest is [[Canillo]] ({{convert|1100|mm|in|1|abbr=on|disp=or}} per year) in the north. Annual precipitation can exceed {{convert|1220|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} the highest mountainous areas. The driest months tend to be January and February, and the wettest, May, June, and November. During the summer months, there are very few rainy days, but the rainfall can be very heavy because it is associated with thunderstorms.<ref name="catmet"/>

{{Weather box|location = Andorra La Vella (Roc de Sant Pere), elevation: 1,075m (1971–2000, extremes 1934–present)
|collapsed =
|metric first = y
|single line = y
|Jan record high C = 18.0
|Feb record high C = 20.0
|Mar record high C = 24.8
|Apr record high C = 29.0
|May record high C = 29.2
|Jun record high C = 37.4
|Jul record high C = 39.0
|Aug record high C = 35.9
|Sep record high C = 32.0
|Oct record high C = 31.0
|Nov record high C = 21.2
|Dec record high C = 19.0
|year record high C = 39.0
|Jan high C = 6.9
|Feb high C = 8.9
|Mar high C = 11.7
|Apr high C = 13.3
|May high C = 17.6
|Jun high C = 21.9
|Jul high C = 26.2
|Aug high C = 25.4
|Sep high C = 21.4
|Oct high C = 16.0
|Nov high C = 10.7
|Dec high C = 7.5
|year high C = 15.6
|Jan mean C = 2.2
|Feb mean C = 3.5
|Mar mean C = 5.8
|Apr mean C = 7.5
|May mean C = 11.5
|Jun mean C = 15.4
|Jul mean C = 18.8
|Aug mean C = 18.5
|Sep mean C = 14.9
|Oct mean C = 10.3
|Nov mean C = 5.7
|Dec mean C = 3.0
|year mean C = 9.8
|Jan low C = -2.5
|Feb low C = -1.8
|Mar low C = -0.2
|Apr low C = 1.7
|May low C = 5.3
|Jun low C = 8.8
|Jul low C = 11.4
|Aug low C = 11.4
|Sep low C = 8.5
|Oct low C = 4.7
|Nov low C = 0.6
|Dec low C = -1.4
|year low C = 3.9
|Jan record low C = −15.0
|Feb record low C = −16.0
|Mar record low C = −11.0
|Apr record low C = −7.0
|May record low C = −2.0
|Jun record low C = 0.0
|Jul record low C = 3.0
|Aug record low C = 2.0
|Sep record low C = 0.0
|Oct record low C = −6.0
|Nov record low C = −10.5
|Dec record low C = −13.0
|year record low C = −19.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 53.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 37.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 40.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 71.2
|May precipitation mm = 89.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 84.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 60.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 85.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 80.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 72.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 68.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 67.9
|year precipitation mm = 812.3
|source 1 = ACDA<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://opengis.uab.cat/wms/ACDA/index.htm 
 |title=Andorra La Vella 1971-2000 averages 
 |publisher=ACDA 
 |access-date=3 January 2016 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114053905/http://opengis.uab.cat/wms/ACDA/index.htm 
 |archive-date=14 January 2016 
}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimat>
{{cite web 
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=308
| title = Station Andorra la Vella 
| publisher = Meteo Climat 
|language = fr 
| access-date = 14 October 2016}}</ref>
|date=June 2015}}

==Natural hazards==

===Avalanches===
There is a risk of avalanches from mid winter to early summer. [[Avalanche control]] methods such as snow clearing by controlled blast charges, [[snow net]]s, [[snow fence]]s, deflectors, rigid barriers, and snow compaction are used in Andorra to prevent dangerous avalanches.<ref name="meffre1">JF Meffre (2001), [http://www.cenma.ad/webcenma/1%20JORNADES/MEFFRE.pdf La Predicció local del perill d'allaus a Andorra]{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''La Gestió dels Riscos Naturals'', Jornades del CRECIT, pp.100–106, 13/14 September 2001. {{in lang|ca}}</ref><ref>G Furdada, JM Vilaplana, E Tomàs, D Mas (1998). The avalanche of La tartera de la Pica, Andorra. ''Procs. conference on 25&nbsp;years of snow avalanche research'', 203(I):104–107, Ed: E Hestnes, [[Norwegian Geotechnical Institute]], Oslo.</ref>

====1996 Arinsal avalanche====
The 1996 Arinsal avalanche was an exceptionally powerful powder-snow avalanche that followed several days of very heavy snowfalls and high winds.<ref name="bd1">''Bon Dia'' newspaper, February 1996</ref> At 19:00 on 8 February 1996, the avalanche fell on the village of [[Arinsal]] destroying or severely damaging many cars and buildings and hotels including the crest hotel the rocky mountain bar and above apartments the asterics bar and little damage to three blocks of flats that were under construction by a Russian company and still are under construction; evacuation of the residents and tourists in the village had been completed 1½&nbsp;hours before the avalanche, and consequently there were no deaths, but the material and economic damages were large.<ref name="bd1"/><ref name="meffre2">[http://www.avalanches.fr/construire/risque_2.htm Avalanche d'Arinsal en Andorre du 8 février 1996] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323040051/http://www.avalanches.fr/construire/risque_2.htm |date=2009-03-23 }}, JF Meffre (Consellet tècnic en allaus, Servei de predicció d'allaus d'Andorra). {{in lang|fr}}</ref> Afterwards, the government ordered the construction of a snow dam across the Arinsal valley to stop future avalanches. The Arinsal snow dam, which is {{convert|16|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} high and {{convert|320|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} wide, cost 52&nbsp;million [[French franc|francs]] and used {{convert|115000|m3|cuyd|0|abbr=on}} of soil and {{convert|11000|m3|cuyd|0|abbr=on}} of rock.<ref name="meffre1"/>

====1970 Pas de la Casa avalanche====
The 1970 Pas de la Casa avalanche was a powder-snow avalanche that happened after a severe snowstorm left {{convert|2|m|ft|sigfig=3}} of new snow atop the existing snow pack on the mountain slopes above [[Pas de la Casa]]. The avalanche began at an elevation of {{convert|2640|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} on the upper slopes of the [[Pic d'Envalira]] ({{convert|2825|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), accelerated down the 35°&nbsp;slope and spilled over six bends of the old CG-2 road that winds its way down the mountain to the village of Pas de la Casa, which is at {{convert|2100|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. It then hit the village, damaging several buildings including a dispensary and killing a nurse.<ref name="meffre2"/> In 1970, Pas de la Casa had far fewer buildings than it does now, so the damage was relatively limited. In later years as development of the ski resort continued, plans for avalanche control measures were studied, but it was not until 1985 that strong protective features including {{convert|250|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} of windbreaks and {{convert|500|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} of snow fences were installed.<ref name="meffre2"/><!--<ref name="perdand1"/>todo--> The new CG-2 goes through the [[Envalira Tunnel]], thus avoiding Pas de la Casa and the risk of avalanches.

===Landslides===
Landslides are a frequent occurrence in Andorra; they have tended to follow periods of heavy rainfall.<ref name="capons1">R Capons-Llorens (2005), [http://www.cenma.ad/webcenma/HORITZO/Horitz%C3%B3%208/H8article5.pdf El relleu postglacial al Principat d'Andorra – Les dinàmiques de vessants i fluviotorrencials]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Jornades del CRECIT – Horitzó, 8(2):25–33. {{in lang|ca}}</ref>

A landslide during the evening rush hour on 25 January 2008 deposited {{convert|4000|m3|cuyd|0|abbr=on}} of loosely bound soil and rocks from the mountain slope above onto the main road CG-3 (Avinguda del Través de la Massana) between La Massana and Ordino, blocking it for three days, as well as completely covering an open-air car park and several parked cars. The only damage was to property, and nobody was injured, but the residents of a block of flats adjacent to the landslide were evacuated as the building was deemed unsafe and it remains vacant. The cause of the landslide was determined to be settlement of the earth due to inadequate ground reinforcement in the construction and excavation of the car park 30&nbsp;years previously.<ref name="da1">[http://www.diariandorra.ad/media/upload//pdf/obrir.php?file=da26a01_editora_17_505.pdf  L'esllavissada prové del desgast natural i l'excavació al pàrquing]{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Diari d'Andorra'', No.5735, pp.1,3–4, 27 January 2008</ref><ref name="3cat24a">[http://www.3cat24.cat/noticia/247731/societat/Una-esllavissada-talla-la-carretera-de-la-Massana-a-Ordino-i-obliga-a-desallotjar-els-veins Una esllavissada talla la carretera de la Massana a Ordino i obliga a desallotjar els veïns], ''3cat24'', 26 January 2008, {{in lang|ca}}</ref>

On 7 July 2009, a rock landslide fell {{convert|200|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} onto the CG-3 main road between La Massana and Andorra La Vella, blocking the road near the entrance to the [[Pont Pla Tunnel]] for three hours. Protective nets on the mountain side caught most of the rockfall, but {{convert|4|m3|cuyd|2|abbr=on}} went over the nets and fell onto the road and pavement.<ref name="bd3">M Miño (2009), [http://www.bondia.ad/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6384%3Auna-esllavissada-aquesta-matinada-obliga-a-tallar-tres-hores-la-carretera-de-la-massana&catid=87%3Asuccessos&Itemid=28  Una esllavissada obliga a tallar tres hores la carretera de la Massana], ''Bon Dia'' newspaper, 7 July 2009. {{in lang|ca}}</ref>

===Earthquakes===
The Pyrenees and Catalonia have frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes — the largest in recorded history being the [[Catalan earthquake of 1428]] with an estimated magnitude of IX on the [[Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale|MSK]] scale, equivalent to 6.0–6.5 on the [[Richter magnitude scale]].<ref name="igc1">[http://www.igc.cat/web/gcontent/en/sismologia/igc_sismologia_sismicitat_seglexx.html Maximum felt intensities in Catalonia during the XX century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708134429/http://www.igc.cat/web/gcontent/en/sismologia/igc_sismologia_sismicitat_seglexx.html |date=2007-07-08 }}, Table I: Approximative correspondence between the magnitude (Richter) and the intensity (MSK) felt in the epicentral area.</ref><ref name="igc2">[http://www.igc.cat/web/gcontent/en/sismologia/igc_sismologia_sismicitat_mapa400m.html Sismicitat a Catalunya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708134151/http://www.igc.cat/web/gcontent/en/sismologia/igc_sismologia_sismicitat_mapa400m.html |date=2007-07-08 }}, Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya, 1999. {{in lang|ca}}</ref> However, earthquakes whose epicentres are inside Andorra tend to be smaller than magnitude&nbsp;2.<ref name="igc2"/><ref name="igc3">[http://www.igc.cat/web/gcontent/ca/sismologia/sismescomact/llistats/locals/2001/juliol/locals.html Terratrèmols locals de Juliol de 2001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607205626/http://www.igc.cat/web/gcontent/ca/sismologia/sismescomact/llistats/locals/2001/juliol/locals.html |date=2008-06-07 }}, Institut Geològic de Catalunya. {{in lang|ca}}</ref> An earthquake of magnitude 4.2 on 5 October 1999 in nearby [[Bagnères-de-Luchon]] (France) was widely felt in Andorra, causing public alarm.<ref name="vwc1">[https://archive.today/20130115233329/http://www.vilaweb.cat/www/noticia?p_idcmp=1114585 El terratremol espanta tot Andorra, pero no causa danys], ''VilaWeb.cat'', Maresma i Associats, SL. 1999-10-05. {{in lang|ca}}</ref> The Andorran Government has studied the possibility of a damaging earthquake in Andorra.<ref name="sost1"/>

==Extreme points==
[[File:Andorra2021OSM.png|thumb|Enlargeable, detailed map of Andorra]]
;Latitude and longitude<ref name="geogandorra">{{cite web |url=http://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/publicacions/CD/Anuari/cat/pdf/xifres.PDF |title=Archived copy |website=www.estadistica.ad |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113203301/http://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/publicacions/CD/Anuari/cat/pdf/xifres.PDF |archive-date=13 November 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

* North : Basers de Font Blanca ({{coord|42|39|17|N|1|33|4|E|type:landmark_region:AD|name=Pic d'Arial (North)}})
* South : Conangle – Riu Runer ({{coord|42|25|43|N|1|31|2|E|type:landmark_region:AD|name=Conangle (South)}})
* West : Coll de l'Aquell ({{coord|42|29|11|N|1|24|32|E|type:landmark_region:AD|name=Coll de l'Aquell (West)}})
* East : Riu de la Palomera – Riu Arièja ({{coord|42|34|26|N|1|47|10|E|type:landmark_region:AD|name=La Palomera (East)}})

;Elevation<ref name="geogandorra"/>
* Maximum : Pic del Comapedrosa, {{convert|2942|m|2|abbr=on}} ({{coord|42|35|N|01|27|E|type:landmark_region:AD|name=Coma Pedrosa (highest)}})
* Minimum : Conflent del riu Runer, {{convert|840|m|2|abbr=on}} ({{coord|42|26|N|01|29|E|type:landmark_region:AD|name= Riu Runer (lowest)}})

;Centre
* [[Geographical centre]] : near [[Encamp]], {{coord|42|32|30|N|01|35|51|E|type:landmark_region:AD|name=Geographical centre of Andorra}}

==See also==
*{{wikiatlas|Andorra}}

==References==
{{Commonscat|Geography of Andorra|Geography of Andorra}}
{{Reflist}}
{{CIA World Factbook}}<br />
{{StateDept}}

{{Clear}}
{{Andorra topics}}
{{Geography of Europe}}
{{Europe topic|Climate of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Geography Of Andorra}}
[[Category:Geography of Andorra| ]]

[[bn:অ্যান্ডোরা#ভূগোল]]