Editing Gawsworth Old Hall

{{Short description|Historic house museum in Cheshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox historic site | name = Gawsworth Old Hall| native_name = | image = Gawsworth Old Hall.jpg| image_size = 250| caption = Gawsworth Old Hall| locmapin = Cheshire| map_width = 250| map_caption = Location in Cheshire| alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|53.2238|-2.1638|region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Gawsworth]], [[Cheshire]], England | gbgridref = SJ 891 696| area = | elevation = | formed = | founded = | built = | built_for = | demolished = | rebuilt = | restored = | restored_by = | architect = | architecture = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = | designation1 = Grade I| designation1_offname = | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = 25 July 1952| delisted1_date = | designation1_parent = | designation1_number = 1139500| designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = | designation2 = | designation2_offname = | designation2_type = | designation2_criteria = | designation2_date = | delisted2_date = | designation2_parent = | designation2_number = | designation2_free1name = | designation2_free1value = | designation2_free2name = | designation2_free2value = | designation2_free3name = | designation2_free3value = }}

'''Gawsworth Old Hall''' is a Grade&nbsp;I [[listed building|listed]] [[English country house|country house]] in the village of [[Gawsworth]], [[Cheshire]], England. It is a [[timber-framed]] house in the Cheshire black-and-white style. The present house was built between 1480 and 1600, replacing an earlier [[Norman architecture|Norman]] house. It was probably built as a [[courtyard house]] enclosing a [[Quadrangle (architecture)|quadrangle]], but much of it has been demolished, leaving the house with a U-shaped plan.

Notable residents have included [[Mary Fitton]], perhaps the "[[Shakespeare's sonnets#The Dark Lady|Dark Lady]]" of [[Shakespeare's sonnets]], and [[Samuel Johnson (dramatist)|Samuel "Maggoty" Johnson]], a playwright described as the last professional [[jester]] in England, whose grave is nearby in Maggoty Wood, a small National Trust woodland. In 1712 a dispute about the ownership of the Gawsworth estate culminated in [[Hamilton–Mohun duel|a celebrated duel]], in which both the combatants were killed.

The hall is surrounded by formal gardens and parkland, which once comprised an [[Elizabethan era|Elizabethan]] pleasure garden and, possibly, a tilting ground for [[jousting]]. The grounds are listed Grade&nbsp;II*, and contain four Grade&nbsp;II listed buildings, including the gatehouse, gatepiers, and garden walls. The hall and grounds are open to the public at advertised times, and events are organised. During the summer months a series of concerts and other entertainment is arranged in an open-air theatre near the hall.

==History==
The original house on the site dated from the [[History of England#Norman England|Norman era]].<ref name=ghhist>{{Citation |url=http://www.gawsworthhall.com/history.html |title=A Brief History of Gawsworth Hall |access-date=22 February 2011 |publisher=Gawsworth Hall |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711080217/http://www.gawsworthhall.com/history.html |archive-date=11 July 2011}}</ref> The earliest documentary reference is the granting of a licence for the administration of a chapel within the house in 1365. The house was then owned by Thomas Fitton, who had inherited it by marriage in 1316, and it remained in the possession of the Fitton family until 1611. The original house was replaced in the 15th and 16th&nbsp;centuries.<ref name=fig>{{Harvnb|de Figueiredo|Treuherz|1988|pp=99–102.}}</ref> Building started in 1480,<ref name=ghhist/> and continued in stages until about 1600. Since then, parts of the house have been demolished, and others have been considerably altered. It is considered by the architectural historians Peter de&nbsp;Figueiredo and Julian Treuherz that the site of the house was originally [[moat]]ed, and that its plan was that of a quadrangle, forming a courtyard house.<ref name=fig/>

In 1579 the house was inherited by [[Edward Fitton the younger|Sir Edward Fitton III]] on the death of his father, [[Edward Fitton (the elder)|Sir Edward Fitton II]]. Sir Edward III was the father of Mary Fitton, a [[maid of honour]] to [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth]] and a candidate for the "Dark Lady" of Shakespeare's sonnets.<ref name=fig/> Following the death of Sir&nbsp;Edward Fitton, 2nd&nbsp;Baronet in 1643,<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.leighrayment.com/baronetage/baronetsF1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501225101/http://www.leighrayment.com/baronetage/baronetsF1.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2008 |title=The Baronetage of England, Ireland, Nova Scotia, Great Britain and the United Kingdom |access-date=22 February 2011 |url-status=usurped |publisher=Leigh Rayment}}</ref> the estate passed to [[Charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield|Charles Gerard]], later the first [[Earl of Macclesfield]].<ref name=fig/> There was a dispute about the legal ownership of the estate between Sir&nbsp;Charles and his cousin [[Alexander Fitton]], which was resolved in Sir Charles's favour in 1663.<ref name=ghhist/> Demolition of parts of the house took place in about 1700, and it is thought by de&nbsp;Figueiredo and Treuherz that the west range was removed, possibly including the [[gatehouse]]. At the beginning of the 18th&nbsp;century the dispute between the Fittons and the Gerards resurfaced, culminating in a duel in [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]], London, in 1712 between the rival claimants: [[Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun|Lord Mohun]], from the Gerard family, and the [[James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton|4th&nbsp;Duke of Hamilton]], from the Fittons. Both of the combatants were killed. The estate remained with the Gerards, until it was bought by [[William Stanhope, 1st Earl of Harrington|William Stanhope]], who later became the first [[Earl of Harrington]], and it remained with this family until 1935. The house was owned by the Cheshire antiquary Raymond Richards until his death in 1978. Richards collected items from historic buildings that were being demolished in the 1960s, either incorporating them into the house or displaying them in the grounds.<ref name=fig/> The house is still owned and run by the Richards family.<ref name=home>{{Citation |url=http://www.gawsworthhall.com/index.html |title=Welcome to Gawsworth Hall, a lived in historic house |access-date=22 February 2011 |publisher=Gawsworth Hall |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711080337/http://www.gawsworthhall.com/index.html |archive-date=11 July 2011}}</ref>

==Architecture==

===Exterior and plan===
Gawsworth Old Hall is a timber-framed house in the Cheshire black-and-white tradition,<ref name=clt/> roofed in [[Kerridge]] [[sandstone]]. It has been estimated that the weight of the roof may be in excess of {{convert|300|LT|t|lk=on}}.<ref name=clt>[[Alec Clifton-Taylor|Clifton-Taylor, Alec]], ''Building Materials'', in {{Harvnb|Pevsner|Hubbard|2003|p=46.}}</ref> The house is in mainly in two storeys. In the north range, and on the south front, the timber frame has been encased in brick, with timbering applied to its outer surface. Internally the roof trusses have been retained. Its plan is that of a U-shape with its open side facing the west, towards what was the courtyard. The main entrance is in the north range, leading into the Entrance Hall. To the west of this is the Library, and to the east, the Morning Room. The Entrance Hall leads into the longest range, the eastern range, consisting of the Long Hall, at the north end, and the Dining Room. The Long Hall was originally the [[Great Hall]], and was open to the roof, but is now divided into two floors. To the east of the range extend the kitchen and the chapel. The Dining Room leads into a room now known as the Green Room, which is [[Cant (architecture)|canted]] ten degrees to the east. This was also originally open to the roof, but was not a great hall. De&nbsp;Figueiredo and Treuherz are of the opinion that this was originally a larger, separate structure, probably a barn, and incorporated into the main building when the east range was built. Little of the south range remains. It originally contained domestic apartments, which formerly extended to join the now-demolished west range. In the angle between the Dining Room and what remains of the south range is the Drawing Room. The special feature of this room is a canted [[bay window]] on the north side, extending upwards for three storeys. The only dated item in the building is the Fitton [[coat of arms]] on the north front, which was carved by Richard Rany in 1570.<ref name=fig/>

===Interior===
Many of the original features have been lost as a consequence of the many changes that have taken place over the centuries. Additional features have been added to the interior by Raymond Richards, such as the doorcase around the entrance.<ref name=fig/> The Entrance Hall has retained its [[Middle Ages|medieval]] shape and low ceiling. It contains the coat of arms of the Richards family and items of weaponry, including a decorative suit of armour dating from the 19th&nbsp;century and moved here from [[Scarisbrick Hall]].<ref name=anon1>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|p=1.}}</ref> To the west of the Entrance Hall is the Library. This is in the shape of a double cube, measuring {{convert|16|ft|m|1}} by {{convert|32|ft|m|1}}. Its major item is a richly carved [[Tudor architecture|Tudor]] chimneypiece. The bookcases were designed by [[Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin|A.&nbsp;W.&nbsp;N.&nbsp;Pugin]].<ref name=anon2>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|p=2.}}</ref> Both of these items were moved here by Raymond Richards, the bookcases coming from Scarisbrick Hall.<ref name=fig/> The bookcases contain a comprehensive collection of books relating to Cheshire. In a corner cabinet is a [[flint axe]] head dating from about 2000 BC. This was discovered in the park nearby in 1912.<ref name=anon2/> To the south of the Entrance Hall is the Long Hall. This has retained the fireplace and ceiling introduced in the [[Tudor period|Tudor era]]. The hall contains items of antique furniture, and paintings by [[David Wilkie (artist)|David Wilkie]], [[J. M. W. Turner]] and [[John Constable]].<ref name=anon2/> To the south of the Long Hall is the principal staircase, which was remodelled in 1920. The area around the staircase contains a [[Waterford Crystal|Waterford glass]] [[chandelier]] dating from about 1780, and a portrait of the first Earl of Harrington by [[Allan Ramsay (artist)|Allan Ramsay]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|p=3.}}</ref> From this area, a door leads into the chapel. This is the third or fourth chapel in the house, and was [[Dedication (ritual)|dedicated]] to [[Thomas More]] when he was [[Canonization|canonised]] in 1935. Much of the woodwork in it dates from 1803. Many of the ornaments in the chapel were brought here by Richards from a [[redundant church]] in [[Ipswich]]. Two [[marble]] plaques in the chapel are by [[Thomas Thornycroft]], a sculptor born in the nearby village. Alongside the chapel is an [[ambulatory]] or [[baptistry]] which contains a [[baptismal font|font]] and items of stained glass, made by [[Morris & Co.]] and designed by [[Edward Burne-Jones]].<ref name=anon4>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|p=4.}}</ref> These were obtained by Richards from All Saints Church, [[Birkenhead]].<ref name=fig/> They depict the [[Crucifixion of Jesus|Crucifixion]], and Saints [[Agnes of Rome|Agnes]], [[Saint George|George]], [[Saint Stephen|Stephen]] and [[Saint Alban|Alban]]. The south door contains fragments of ancient glass from [[Plas Newydd (Llangollen)|Plas Newydd]] in [[Llangollen]] that were originally in a medieval church.<ref name=anon4/> Adjacent to the chapel is a [[Sunroom|conservatory]] containing [[marble]] sculptures by John Warrington Wood.<ref name=fig/>

To the south of the Long Hall is the Dining Room, which is little changed since the Tudor era. Its contents include a 16th-century [[refectory table]], an oak [[escritoire]] from about 1650, and items of [[Wedgwood]] [[Victorian majolica|majolica ware]] made in about 1830.<ref>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|p=5.}}</ref> The Dining Room leads to the small Guard Room, which contains two 17th-century chairs and an 18th-century [[blunderbuss]]. To the west of this is the Drawing Room, the principal living room of the hall, which has been little altered since the middle of the 16th&nbsp;century.<ref>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|p=6.}}</ref> To the south of the Drawing Room is a small room known as the Gold Room. This room has retained a [[frieze]] dating from the early 16th&nbsp;century, including carvings of [[Tudor rose]]s, flowers and birds. Also in the room is a [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]] of Charles Gerard. In the southeast corner of the hall is the Green Room. This contains a painting of [[Gawsworth Old Rectory|Gawsworth Rectory]] by [[Charles Tattershall Dodd]], and a complete set of a dinner service by [[Mintons|Minton]], comprising 120&nbsp;pieces.<ref>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|p=8.}}</ref>

A staircase from the east of the Guard Room leads to the Gallery on the upper floor, to the south side of which is the Solar, containing a 16th-century four-poster bed known as the Boswell bed. It was formerly in [[Lympne Castle]], [[Kent]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|p=9.}}</ref> The house's principal bedroom is the Hall Room, much of which has survived from the early 16th&nbsp;century. It contains a four-poster bed from the era of [[William and Mary style|William and Mary]] and a portrait by Zuccaro of members of the Fitton family, which was formerly in [[Brereton Hall]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|p=10.}}</ref> A room next to the Hall Room has been converted into a modern bathroom, next to which is Mary Fitton's Bedroom, which contains an old plaster frieze. The other rooms on floor are the French Room, containing an 18th-century French bed, and a small bedroom known as the Griffin Room.<ref>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|p=11.}}</ref> Adjacent to this is the Billiard Room, which has exposed roof timbers. As well as the billiard table, the room contains a marble sculpture of [[Echo (mythology)|Echo]] by Alfred Gatley and a bust of [[John Milton]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|p=14.}}</ref>

==Grounds==
[[File:Gawsworth Old Hall2.jpg|thumb|Gawsworth Old Hall from the north]]

===Gardens===
Associated with the house is an inner garden of about {{convert|30|acre}} surrounded by a parkland of about {{convert|600|acre}};<ref name=anon15>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|p=15.}}</ref> both are enclosed by walls. To the south of the hall the inner garden comprises a modern formal garden occupying the site of the original 16th-century formal garden. Beyond this, in the parkland, are the [[Earthwork (archaeology)|earthworks]] of an earlier garden.<ref name=pag>{{Citation |url=http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/component/option,com_parksandgardens/task,site/id,1409/tab,summary/Itemid,292/ |title=Gawsworth Old Hall, Macclesfield, England: Summary |access-date=5 March 2011 |publisher=Parks & Gardens Data Services |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326033809/http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/component/option,com_parksandgardens/task,site/id,1409/tab,summary/Itemid,292/ |archive-date=26 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The parkland is almost square in shape, with a section curving out from the south border. It consists of "one huge grassed area" with "lumps and bumps".<ref name=groves>{{Harvnb|Groves|2004|pp=10–17.}}</ref> The Cheshire historian [[George Ormerod]], writing in 1819, considered that this area contained a tilting ground for [[jousting]].<ref>Quoted in Groves (2004).</ref> That claim is repeated in the hall's official guidebook, which goes on to suggest that it was created in the hope that [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth&nbsp;I]] would visit the hall on her [[Royal Entry|royal progress]], but she never did so.<ref name=anon15/> There is some doubt regarding the dating of the creation of the garden,<ref name=groves/> but it is generally accepted that it comprised an Elizabethan [[pleasure garden]].<ref name=fig/><ref name=anon15/><ref name=groves/> A raised mound of earth in the southwest corner of the garden would have been used to view the garden from an elevated position. A corresponding mound at the southeast corner was removed during the [[Second World War]]. To the west of the hall a wooded area known as the Rookery contains mature [[Tilia|lime]] trees.<ref name=groves/> Limited excavation work carried out in 1989–90 discovered, ''inter alia'', a filled-in canal running north–south down the centre of the garden.<ref name=groves/><ref>{{Harvnb|Anon.|1992|pp=16–17.}}</ref> The excavations provided "a tremendous insight into the past, although not enough to date it with certainty".<ref name=groves/> To the north of the hall are four fish ponds.<ref name=pag/>

===Structures===
Four structures in the grounds around the hall are recorded in the [[National Heritage List for England]] as a designated Grade&nbsp;II [[Listed building#England and Wales|listed buildings]]; Grade&nbsp;II listing means that a building or structure is considered to be "of special interest".<ref name=list>{{Citation |url=http://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/what-is-designation/listed-buildings/ |title=Listed Buildings |access-date=25 March 2015 |publisher=Historic England}}</ref> The 17th-century gatehouse is constructed in brick with [[ashlar]] dressings and a stone slate roof, in two storeys and three bays.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England |num=1311100 |desc=The Gatehouse, Gawsworth Old Hall |access-date=1 August 2012 |mode=cs2}}</ref> The gate [[pier (architecture)|piers]] date from the late 17th or early 18th&nbsp;century. They are in painted ashlar surmounted by 20th-century ball [[finial]]s.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England |num=1159298 |desc=Gatepiers approximately 20 yards to northeast of Gawsworth Old Hall |access-date=1 August 2012 |mode=cs2|fewer-links=x}}</ref> The garden walls were built in the 16th&nbsp;century, with later additions and alterations. They are constructed in brick with ashlar dressings. At the southern end is a large rectangular enclosure.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England |num=1139501 |desc=Garden walls at Gawsworth Old Hall |access-date=1 August 2012 |mode=cs2|fewer-links=x}}</ref> In nearby woodland are the grave and memorial to Samuel "Maggoty" Johnson,<ref name=magg/> a playwright said to have been the last professional jester in England,<ref name=anon1/> who lived in the hall and died in 1773 aged 82.<ref name=magg>{{National Heritage List for England |num=1329714 |desc=Maggoty Johnson's Grave, Gawsworth |access-date=1 August 2012 |mode=cs2|fewer-links=x}}</ref> A table tomb over the grave consists of an inscribed stone slab on a brick [[plinth]]. Adjacent to it is another inscribed stone slab, dating from the 19th&nbsp;century.<ref name=magg/>

==Present day==
Gawsworth Old Hall is south of the village of Gawsworth, {{convert|3|mi|km|0}} southeast of [[Macclesfield]]. Immediately to the west is the Grade&nbsp;I listed [[St James' Church, Gawsworth|Church of St James]], to the north beyond a fish pond is the Grade&nbsp;II* listed [[Gawsworth New Hall]], and nearby is the Grade&nbsp;I listed [[Gawsworth Old Rectory]]. The Old Hall was listed Grade&nbsp;I on 25&nbsp;July 1952.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England |num=1139500 |desc=Gawsworth Old Hall |access-date=1 August 2012 |mode=cs2 |fewer-links=x}}</ref> Grade&nbsp;I listing is granted to buildings of "exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important", and encompasses only 2.5&nbsp;per cent of all listed buildings.<ref name=list/> The grounds have been designated Grade&nbsp;II* in the [[National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens]].<ref>{{National Heritage List for England |num=1000539 |desc=Gawsworth (Old) Hall |access-date=1 August 2012 |mode=cs2 |fewer-links=x}}</ref> Designation as Grade&nbsp;II* means that the site is "particularly important, of more than special interest".<ref>{{Citation |url=http://historicengland.org.uk/advice/hpg/hpr-definitions/g/534893/ |title=Definition; Grade II* |access-date=28 April 2011 |publisher=Historic England}}</ref>

The hall is open to the general public at advertised times.<ref name=home/> A series of events is held in the grounds and in the hall during the year.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.gawsworthhall.com/events.html |title=Events |access-date=5 March 2011 |publisher=Gawsworth Hall |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711080441/http://www.gawsworthhall.com/events.html |archive-date=11 July 2011 }}</ref> There is a [[Alcohol licensing laws of the United Kingdom|licensed]] tea room in the grounds,<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.gawsworthhall.com/the_tea_rooms.html |title=Orchard Tea Rooms |access-date=5 March 2011 |publisher=Gawsworth Hall |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711075841/http://www.gawsworthhall.com/the_tea_rooms.html |archive-date=11 July 2011 }}</ref> and the hall is also licensed for [[Wedding#Civil wedding|civil weddings]]. Ceremonies are conducted in the Long Hall, and receptions can be held in a marquee in the grounds.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.gawsworthhall.com/weddings.html |title=Weddings |access-date=5 March 2011 |publisher=Gawsworth Hall |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711080854/http://www.gawsworthhall.com/weddings.html |archive-date=11 July 2011 }}</ref> During the summer months plays, concerts and other entertainments take place in the open-air theatre close to the hall.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.gawsworthhall.com/open-air-theatre.html |title=Open air theatre |access-date=5 March 2011 |publisher=Gawsworth Hall |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711081229/http://www.gawsworthhall.com/open-air-theatre.html |archive-date=11 July 2011 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Cheshire}}
*[[Grade I listed buildings in Cheshire East]]
*[[Listed buildings in Gawsworth]]

==References==
'''Citations'''
{{Reflist|30em}}
'''Sources'''
{{Refbegin}}
*{{Citation |last=Anon. |year=1992 |title=Gawsworth Hall |publication-place=Derby |publisher=English Life Publications |isbn=0-85101-212-4}}
*{{Citation |last=de Figueiredo |first=Peter |last2=Treuherz |first2=Julian |year=1988 |title=Cheshire Country Houses |publication-place=Chichester |publisher=Phillimore |isbn=0-85033-655-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/cheshirecountryh0000defi }}
*{{Citation |last=Groves |first=Linden |title=Historic Parks & Gardens of Cheshire |publisher=Landmark |year=2004 |location=Ashbourne |isbn=1-84306-124-4 }}
*{{Citation |last=Pevsner |first=Nikolaus |author-link=Nikolaus Pevsner |last2=Hubbard |first2=Edward |author2-link=Edward Hubbard (architectural historian) |series=The Buildings of England |title=Cheshire |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=2003 |orig-year=1971 |location=New Haven and London |page=223 |isbn =0-300-09588-0 }}
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{Citation |last=Hartwell |first=Clare |last2=Hyde |first2=Matthew |last3=Hubbard |first3=Edward |last4=Pevsner |first4=Nikolaus |series=The Buildings of England |title=Cheshire |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=2011 |orig-year=1971 |location=New Haven and London |pages=368–370 |isbn=978-0-300-17043-6 }}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.gawsworthhall.com/ Gawsworth Hall] – official site
*[http://www.thornber.net/cheshire/htmlfiles/gawsworth.html Photographs by Craig Thornber]
*[http://www.cvma.ac.uk/jsp/location.do?locationKey=1139&mode=COUNTY Information about the stained glass in the gatehouse from the Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi (CVMA) of Great Britain]
*[https://archive.today/20130420053128/http://www.discovercheshire.co.uk/Route.aspx?refnum=DC074&region=1&mapCategory=WLK&overview=true&mapBackLayers=WLK1P.WLK2P&mapBackE=363000&mapBackN=363000&mapBackMpp=160&mapBackSearchTxt= Discovercheshire (Gawsworth Hall Circular Walk page).]

{{Good article}}

[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Cheshire]]
[[Category:Gardens in Cheshire]]
[[Category:Country houses in Cheshire]]
[[Category:Theatres in Cheshire]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in Cheshire]]
[[Category:Grade I listed houses]]
[[Category:Timber framed buildings in Cheshire]]
[[Category:Grade II* listed parks and gardens in Cheshire]]