Editing Gaston, Oregon

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Gaston, Oregon
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|image_skyline            = Gaston Oregon.JPG
|image_caption            = 
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = 
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = 
|named_for                = [[Joseph Gaston]]
|image_map = Washington_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Gaston_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Oregon]]
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in the United States
|coordinates              = {{coord|45|26|06|N|123|08|42|W|type:city_region:US-OR|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Oregon|County]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Oregon]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Washington County, Oregon|Washington]]
|established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date         = 1914
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              =  David Meeker{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='41'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 0.88
|area_total_sq_mi         = 0.34
|area_land_km2            = 0.88
|area_land_sq_mi          = 0.34
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 299
|population_total         = 676
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_density_km2   = 764.43
|population_density_sq_mi = 1982.40
|population_est           = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|population_urban         = 
|population_metro         = 
|population_note          = 
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 97119
|area_code                = [[Area codes 503 and 971|503 and 971]]
|website                  = http://www.cityofgaston.com
|footnotes                = 
|timezone                 = [[Pacific Standard Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset               = -8
|timezone_DST             = Pacific
|utc_offset_DST           = -7
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 41-28100<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2410575<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2410575}}</ref>
|pop_est_footnotes        = 
|unit_pref                = Imperial
}}

'''Gaston''' is a city in [[Washington County, Oregon|Washington County]], [[Oregon]], United States. Located between [[Forest Grove, Oregon|Forest Grove]] to the north and [[Yamhill, Oregon|Yamhill]] to the south, the city straddles [[Oregon Route 47]] and borders the [[Tualatin River]]. Named after railroad executive [[Joseph P. Gaston|Joseph Gaston]], its population was 637 as of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bilderback |first1=Ken |last2=Bliderback |first2=Kris |title=Creek with no name: how the West was won (and lost) in Gaston, Oregon |date=2011 |publisher=K. Bilderback |location=Gaston, Or. |isbn=9781466447394 |page=1}}</ref><ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

== History ==
[[File:Main Street, Gaston, Oregon (1910).jpg|thumb|left|Main Street, 1910]]
[[File:Or gaston community church.JPG|thumb|Gaston community church]]
The first known inhabitants of the Tualatin Valley were the [[Atfalati]] tribe, a subset of the [[Kalapuya]] ethnic group. Contact with Europeans in the late 1700s led to the spread of smallpox and other diseases, which devastated the Atfalati population. In 1851, due to population pressures from white settlers, surviving members of the tribe negotiated a treaty with the [[Oregon Territory]] ceding their ancestral lands throughout the Tualatin Valley to guarantee a small reservation on the banks of nearby [[Wapato Lake]]. This treaty was never ratified, and in the late 1850s, the U.S. government relocated the tribe to the [[Grand Ronde Community|Grand Ronde Reservation]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ruby |first1=Robert H. |last2=Brown |first2=John |title=A guide to the Indian tribes of the Pacific Northwest |date=1986 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |location=Norman |isbn=0806124792 |pages=5–6 |edition=1st}}</ref>

Large-scale American settlement of the region began in the 1850s, due to the [[Donation Land Claim Act]], which granted land to white settlers who moved to the Oregon Territory before 1855.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bilderback |first1=Ken |last2=Bilderback |first2=Kris |title=Creek with no name: how the West was won (and lost) in Gaston, Oregon |date=2011 |publisher=K. Bilderback |location=Gaston, Or. |isbn=9781466447394 |pages=91–102}}</ref> In the 1870s, the [[Oregon Central Railroad|West Side Railroad]] was built from [[Hillsboro, Oregon|Hillsboro]] to [[Corvallis, Oregon|Corvallis]], cutting through this region. The community of Gaston developed from a railroad stop in 1872 to a commercial center, hosting a school, post office, hotel, and blacksmith shop.<ref>{{Cite book| last1 = Nixon| first1 = Brigetta| last2 = Tupper| first2 = Mabel| title = Cherry Grove, a history from 1852 to the present| date = 1977| pages = 11}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bilderback |first1=Ken |last2=Bilderback |first2=Kris |title=Creek with no name: how the West was won (and lost) in Gaston, Oregon |date=2011 |publisher=K. Bilderback |location=Gaston, Or. |isbn=9781466447394 |page=180}}</ref> Due to legal disputes, Joseph Gaston left his position at the railroad and moved to the region in 1880. He spent the next sixteen years attempting to drain Wapato Lake for farmland.<ref>{{cite web|title=Joseph P. Gaston: Historian, Journalist & Railroad Builder |work=Newsletter |publisher=Greenwood Hills Cemetery |date=2013 |url=http://www.greenwoodhillscemetery.org/uploads/Fall_2013_Newsletter_GHC_V4_102913_BW.pdf |accessdate=April 10, 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001906/http://www.greenwoodhillscemetery.org/uploads/Fall_2013_Newsletter_GHC_V4_102913_BW.pdf |archivedate=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The nearby community of [[Cherry Grove, Oregon|Cherry Grove]] was founded in 1911 as a logging hub and briefly eclipsed Gaston.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = K. Bilderback| isbn = 978-1-4664-4739-4| last1 = Bilderback| first1 = Ken| last2 = Bilderback| first2 = Kris| title = Creek with no name: how the West was won (and lost) in Gaston, Oregon| location = Gaston, Or.| date = 2011| pages = 35}}</ref> Gaston was formally incorporated in 1914.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = K. Bilderback| isbn = 978-1-4664-4739-4| last1 = Bilderback| first1 = Ken| last2 = Bilderback| first2 = Kris| title = Creek with no name: how the West was won (and lost) in Gaston, Oregon| location = Gaston, Or.| date = 2011|pages = 37}}</ref> By 1916, the town possessed a general store, bank, and other enterprises.<ref>{{Cite book| last1 = Nixon| first1 = Brigetta| last2 = Tupper| first2 = Mabel| title = Cherry Grove, a history from 1852 to the present| date = 1977 |pages = 11}}</ref> In early May 1935 workers at the Stimson Mill went on strike.  On May 22, activists left the Labor Temple in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] to support the strikers. The next morning Oregon governor [[Charles Martin (Oregon politician)|Charles Martin]] ordered the state police and National Guard to protect the strikebreakers. Armed with gas grenades and machine guns, the military and police forces demanded the strikers leave or be shot. The strikers chose to disperse, averting a potential bloodbath.<ref>Murrell, Gary, "Hunting Reds in Oregon, 1935-1939" ''[[Oregon Historical Quarterly]]'', Winter 1999</ref>

===New high school===
In 1915 a new high school was built on the land Joseph Gaston had previously set aside for a school. That high school was in use through the 1986–87 [[Academic term|school year]], when it was condemned. The condemning of the building became a crucial local issue for the town, with residents split between merging with a nearby district (both Forest Grove or Yamhill were considered), and building a new high school. In the end, a new high school was built and Gaston retained its independent school system and with it a degree of local pride.  Currently the [[Gaston School District]] is a full K–12 district, with 525 students total in 2007, and a single [[Gaston Junior/Senior High School|high school]].{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

===Modern expansion===
The growing popularity of Portland and the Pacific Northwest in general has led to population growth throughout the region. Though too far from Portland to benefit much at first, recently Gaston has started to see new housing and an uptick in school registrations. The late 1980s brought a new [[fire station]] and the 1990s baseball/softball-oriented park. Just after 2000, a new post office was built on the edge of town. Thus far, the town has not been able to effectively capitalize on the local wine industry's growing national and international recognition. In 2006, the mayoral candidate advocated obtaining state or federal funding to revitalize the [[Commerce|commercial strip]] on Main Street which, in theory, could help the city capture some of the [[wine tourism]] dollars.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

In 2008, the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service|U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]] began purchasing land in the Wapato Lake bed to reestablish the historic wetland.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rehkopf Smith|first=Jill|date=October 8, 2009|title=Land purchases for Wapato Lake Unit of refuge is coming along|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/washingtoncounty/2009/10/land_purchases_for_wapato_lake.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812123605/https://www.oregonlive.com/washingtoncounty/2009/10/land_purchases_for_wapato_lake.html|archive-date=August 12, 2020|access-date=December 30, 2021|website=[[The Oregonian]]}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|0.28|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2012-12-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=2012-07-02 }}</ref>

===Climate===
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above {{convert|71.6|F|C}}.  According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Gaston has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]], abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=255153&cityname=Gaston%2C+Oregon%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Gaston, Oregon]</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1920= 221
|1930= 227
|1940= 333
|1950= 368
|1960= 320
|1970= 429
|1980= 471
|1990= 563
|2000= 600
|2010= 637
|2020= 676
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}
[[File:Or gaston center.JPG|thumb|upright=1.25|Business district of Gaston on Route 47, looking northwest]]

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 637 people, 241 households, and 160 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|2275.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 251 housing units at an average density of {{convert|896.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 91.2% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.4% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.6% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.2% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 3.3% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 3.0% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 11.0% of the population.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-21}}</ref>

There were 241 households, of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.6% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.18.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

The median age in the city was 35.2 years. 26.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 31.2% were from 45 to 64; and 6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.2% male and 48.8% female.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

===2000 census===
As of the census of 2000, there were 600 people, 196 households, and 139 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2,691.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 204 housing units at an average density of {{convert|915.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 88.33% White, 0.83% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 7.00% from other races, and 3.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.50% of the population.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

There were 196 households, out of which 44.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.73.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

In the city, the population was spread out, with 37.7% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.8 males.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

The [[Median household income|median income]] for a household in the city was $36,458, and the median income for a family was $42,031. Males had a median income of $31,641 versus $25,833 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,758. About 9.8% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 21.3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

==Notable people==
* [[Roddy Piper]], professional wrestler

==See also==
* [[Dundee Lodge]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Gaston, Oregon}}
* [https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/local/cities/e-k/gaston.aspx Entry for Gaston] in the ''[[Oregon Blue Book]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160716130846/http://www.gaston.k12.or.us/city_of_gaston/history History Summary by Gaston High School]
* [http://www.cityofgaston.com] City of Gaston Website

{{Washington County, Oregon}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Oregon]]
[[Category:Cities in Washington County, Oregon]]
[[Category:Portland metropolitan area]]
[[Category:1872 establishments in Oregon]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1872]]