Editing Gallia County, Ohio

{{short description|County in Ohio, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
 | county               = Gallia County 
 | state                = Ohio 
 | flag                 = Flag of Gallia County, Ohio.png
 | seal                 = Seal of Gallia County Ohio.svg 
 | founded              = March 25, 1803<ref name="odod">{{cite web|url=http://www.odod.state.oh.us/research/FILES/S0/Gallia.pdf |title=Ohio County Profiles: Gallia County |access-date=April 28, 2007 |publisher=Ohio Department of Development |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621234136/http://www.odod.state.oh.us/research/FILES/S0/Gallia.pdf |archive-date=June 21, 2007 }}</ref> 
 | seat wl              = Gallipolis 
 | largest city wl      = Gallipolis 
 | city type            = village 
 | area_total_sq_mi     = 471 
 | area_land_sq_mi      = 467 
 | area_water_sq_mi     = 4.7 
 | area percentage      = 1.0% 
 | census yr            = 2020
 | pop                  = 29220 
 | pop_est_as_of        = 2024
 | population_est       = 28886 {{decrease}}
 | pop_est_footnotes    = <ref name=qf>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/galliacountyohio/PST045224|title=Gallia County, Ohio|website=Census.gov|access-date= }}</ref>
 | density_sq_mi        = 62
 | time zone            = Eastern 
 | web                  = www.gallianet.net 
 | named for            = the [[Latin]] name for [[France]] 
 | district             = 2nd
 | ex image             = Gallia County Courthouse, 1985 edition.jpg 
 | ex image cap         = Courthouse in Gallipolis
}}

'''Gallia County''' ({{IPAc-en|'|g|æ|l|i|ə}}) is a [[County (United States)|county]] located in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Ohio]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 29,220.<ref name="census2">[https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html 2020 census]</ref> Its [[county seat]] and largest village is [[Gallipolis, Ohio|Gallipolis]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2021 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref>

Named after the French people who originally settled there,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DmxNAQAAMAAJ&q=gallia&pg=PR1 |title = History of Gallia County: Containing a Condensed History of the County; Biographical Sketches; General Statistics; Miscellaneous Matters &c|year = 1882}}</ref> its [[List of Ohio county name etymologies|name]] “Gallia” is the [[Latin]] word for [[Gaul]], the ancient region of Western Europe that included present day [[France]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jackson and Gallia Counties, Ohio |url=http://ohio.llgc.org.uk//co-jacksongallia.php |archive-url=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20130415150853/http://ohio.llgc.org.uk/co-jacksongallia.php |archive-date=April 15, 2013 |access-date=January 30, 2023 |website=www.ohio.llgc.org}}</ref> Gallia County is part of the [[Point Pleasant micropolitan area|Point Pleasant, WV-OH Micropolitan Statistical Area]].

==History==
Gallia County was formed on March 25, 1803, from portions of Adams and Washington counties. Gallia County had originally been settled by French immigrants, who named the county "Gallia", the [[Latin]] name for [[Gaul]], the ancient region of Western Europe which included present day France.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA133 | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | page=133}}</ref>

In the 19th century, the county was settled by numerous migrants from the Upper South, who traveled to the territory by the Ohio River. In the antebellum years, some of its towns became centers of settlement by African Americans, both free blacks (some also from the South) and refugee slaves who had escaped their owners and come across the river to a free state.

In 1818, a group from Wales settled in Gallia County, with Welsh remaining Gallia County's most common second language until 1970.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-44240447|title=The little pocket of Wales in America|work=BBC News|date=May 28, 2018}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|471|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|467|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|4.7|sqmi}} (1.0%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_39.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504223453/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_39.txt |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 4, 2014 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=February 8, 2015 |date=August 22, 2012 |title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files }}</ref>

===Adjacent counties===
* [[Vinton County, Ohio|Vinton County]] (north)
* [[Meigs County, Ohio|Meigs County]] (northeast)
* [[Mason County, West Virginia]] (east)
* [[Cabell County, West Virginia]] (south)
* [[Lawrence County, Ohio|Lawrence County]] (southwest)
* [[Jackson County, Ohio|Jackson County]] (northwest)

===National protected area===
* [[Wayne National Forest]] (part)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1810= 4181
|1820= 7098
|1830= 9733
|1840= 13444
|1850= 17063
|1860= 22043
|1870= 25545
|1880= 28124
|1890= 27005
|1900= 27918
|1910= 25745
|1920= 23311
|1930= 23050
|1940= 24930
|1950= 24910
|1960= 26120
|1970= 25239
|1980= 30098
|1990= 30954
|2000= 31069
|2010= 30934
|2020= 29220
|estyear=2024
|estimate=28886
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=February 8, 2015}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=February 8, 2015}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/oh190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|access-date=February 8, 2015}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|access-date=February 8, 2015}}</ref> 2020 <ref name="census2"/> 2024<ref name=qf/>
}}

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 31,069 people, 12,060 households, and 8,586 families living in the county. The population density was {{convert|66|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 13,498 housing units at an average density of {{convert|29|/mi2|/km2|adj=pre|units&nbsp;}}. The racial makeup of the county was 95.26% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 2.70% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.43% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.35% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.15% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.11% from two or more races. 0.61% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 12,060 households, out of which 33.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.50% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.80% were non-families. 25.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.00% under the age of 18, 9.70% from 18 to 24, 27.50% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 13.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $30,191, and the median income for a family was $35,938. Males had a median income of $31,783 versus $22,829 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the county was $15,183. About 13.50% of families and 18.10% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 25.20% of those under age 18 and 10.00% of those age 65 or over.

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States Census]], there were 30,934&nbsp;people, 12,062&nbsp;households, and 8,264&nbsp;families living in the county.<ref name="census-dp1">{{cite web
  |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US39053
  |title=DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data
  |access-date=December 27, 2015
|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213023048/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US39053
  |archive-date=February 13, 2020
|url-status=dead
  }}</ref> The population density was {{convert|66.3|PD/sqmi}}. There were 13,925 housing units at an average density of {{convert|29.8|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}.<ref name="census-density">{{cite web
  |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US39053
  |access-date=December 27, 2015
|title=Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County
  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213191151/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US39053
  |archive-date=February 13, 2020
|url-status=dead
  }}</ref> The racial makeup of the county was 94.7% white, 2.6% black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 0.9% of the population.<ref name="census-dp1"/> In terms of ancestry, 18.6% were [[Americans|American]], 15.9% were [[Germans|German]], 15.6% were [[Irish people|Irish]], and 8.0% were [[English people|English]].<ref name="census-dp2">{{cite web
  |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US39053
  |title=DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
  |access-date=December 27, 2015
|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213015348/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US39053
  |archive-date=February 13, 2020
|url-status=dead
  }}</ref>

Of the 12,062&nbsp;households, 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.5% were non-families, and 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.99. The median age was 39.9 years.<ref name="census-dp1"/>

The median income for a household in the county was $37,409 and the median income for a family was $46,470. Males had a median income of $39,301 versus $30,068 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,199. About 15.8% of families and 21.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 30.7% of those under age 18 and 14.9% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="census-dp3">{{cite web
  |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US39053
  |title=DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
  |access-date=December 27, 2015
|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213023146/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US39053
  |archive-date=February 13, 2020
|url-status=dead
  }}</ref>

==Politics==
Gallia County has been a Republican stronghold ever since that party was formed. [[Lyndon Johnson]] in his 1964 landslide is the solitary Democrat to win a majority of the county's vote in the presidential election, although [[James Buchanan]] in 1856 and [[Bill Clinton]] in 1996 won a plurality.
{{PresHead|place=Gallia County, Ohio|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=May 2, 2018}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|10,314|2,592|128|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|10,645|2,990|164|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|9,822|2,628|554|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|7,750|4,557|315|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|8,247|4,777|347|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|8,576|5,366|51|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|7,511|4,872|393|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|5,135|5,386|1,945|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|5,776|5,350|2,612|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|7,399|4,834|116|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|8,194|4,251|109|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|6,469|4,406|529|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1976|Republican|5,198|4,971|148|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|6,506|2,341|139|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1968|Republican|5,134|2,660|1,042|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|4,408|4,740|0|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|7,602|3,498|0|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|7,040|2,877|0|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|6,763|3,153|0|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1948|Republican|5,743|3,430|34|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1944|Republican|6,464|2,968|0|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1940|Republican|7,285|3,943|0|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1936|Republican|6,700|4,548|27|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1932|Republican|5,646|4,190|166|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|5,513|1,916|80|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|4,325|2,284|457|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|5,388|2,562|44|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1916|Republican|2,860|2,277|91|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1912|Progressive|1,355|1,765|2,250|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1908|Republican|3,914|2,171|81|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1904|Republican|3,880|1,742|125|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1900|Republican|4,159|2,388|73|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1896|Republican|4,247|2,369|55|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1892|Republican|3,547|1,984|191|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1888|Republican|3,651|2,216|86|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1884|Republican|3,690|2,333|59|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1880|Republican|3,488|2,310|23|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1876|Republican|3,202|2,302|10|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1872|Republican|2,855|1,553|25|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1868|Republican|2,678|1,620|0|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1864|Republican|2,828|1,169|0|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1860|Republican|1,881|1,472|227|Ohio}}
{{PresRow|1856|Democratic|610|1,341|1,206|Ohio}}
|}
{{U.S. SenHead|place=Gallia County, Ohio|Seat=1|source=<ref>{{cite news |title=2024 Senate Election (Official Returns) |website=Commonwealth of Texas by county |date=November 5, 2024 |access-date=December 5, 2024 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-elections/ohio-senate-results}}</ref>}}
<!-- U.S. SenRow should be {{U.S. SenRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{U.S. SenRow|2024|Republican|9,316|2,912|496|Ohio}}
{{U.S. SenFoot}}

==Communities==
[[Image:Map of Gallia County Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels.PNG|thumb|250px|Map of Gallia County, Ohio with Municipal and Township Labels]]

===Villages===
* [[Centerville, Gallia County, Ohio|Centerville]]
* [[Cheshire, Ohio|Cheshire]]
* [[Crown City, Ohio|Crown City]]
* [[Gallipolis, Ohio|Gallipolis]] (county seat)
* [[Rio Grande, Ohio|Rio Grande]]
* [[Vinton, Ohio|Vinton]]

===Townships===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Addison Township, Ohio|Addison]]
* [[Cheshire Township, Ohio|Cheshire]]
* [[Clay Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Clay]]
* [[Gallipolis Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Gallipolis]]
* [[Green Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Green]]
* [[Greenfield Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Greenfield]]
* [[Guyan Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Guyan]]
* [[Harrison Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Harrison]]
* [[Huntington Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Huntington]]
* [[Morgan Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Morgan]]
* [[Ohio Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Ohio]]
* [[Perry Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Perry]]
* [[Raccoon Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Raccoon]]
* [[Springfield Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Springfield]]
* [[Walnut Township, Gallia County, Ohio|Walnut]]
{{div col end}}
<ref>{{cite web |title=TOWNSHIP WEBSITES {{!}} Ohio Township Association |url=http://www.ohiotownships.org/township-websites |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715023447/http://www.ohiotownships.org/township-websites |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 15, 2016 |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2020}}</ref>

===Census-designated place===
* [[Kanauga, Ohio|Kanauga]]

===Unincorporated communities===
* [[Bidwell, Ohio|Bidwell]]
* [[Kerr, Ohio|Kerr]]
* [[Mercerville, Ohio|Mercerville]]
* [[Patriot, Ohio|Patriot]]

==See also==
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Gallia County, Ohio]]
* [[Scioto Company|Scioto Company (1787 - 1790)]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Gallia County (Ohio)}}
* [http://gallianet.net/index.php Gallia County Government website]
* [http://www.galliasheriff.org/ Gallia County Sheriff's website]

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Gallia County, Ohio
|North     = [[Vinton County, Ohio|Vinton County]]
|Northeast = [[Meigs County, Ohio|Meigs County]]
|East      = [[Mason County, West Virginia]]
|Southeast = [[Cabell County, West Virginia]]
|South     =
|Southwest = [[Lawrence County, Ohio|Lawrence County]]
|West      =
|Northwest = [[Jackson County, Ohio|Jackson County]]
}}

{{Gallia County, Ohio}}
{{Ohio}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|38.83|-82.32|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-OH_source:UScensus1990}}

[[Category:Gallia County, Ohio| ]]
[[Category:Appalachian Ohio]]
[[Category:Ohio counties on the Ohio River]]
[[Category:Point Pleasant micropolitan area]]
[[Category:1803 establishments in Ohio]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1803]]
[[Category:Welsh-American culture in Ohio]]