Editing Gainesville, Georgia

{{Distinguish|Gainesville, Florida}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
 | official_name            = Gainesville, Georgia
 | other_name               = 
 | native_name              = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
 | nicknames                = "Queen City of the Mountains",<br/>"Poultry Capital of the World"<ref>{{cite book | url=http://www.kenkrakow.com/gpn/g.pdf | title=Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins | publisher=Winship Press | author=Krakow, Kenneth K. | year=1975 | location=Macon, GA | pages=91 | isbn=0-915430-00-2}}</ref>
 | settlement_type          = [[City]]
 | motto                    = 
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 | image_skyline            = Downtown Gainesville, GA Oct 2017 1.jpg
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 | image_caption            = Downtown Gainesville
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 | mapsize                  = 250px
 | map_caption              = Location in [[Hall County, Georgia|Hall County]] and the state of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
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<!-- Location ------------------>
 | subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
 | subdivision_name         = [[United States]]
 | subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
 | subdivision_name1        = [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
 | subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state)|County]]
 | subdivision_name2        = [[Hall County, Georgia|Hall]]
 | subdivision_type3        = 
 | subdivision_name3        = 
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<!-- Politics ----------------->
 | government_footnotes     = 
 | government_type          = 
 | leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
 | leader_name              = Sam Couvillon
 | leader_title1            = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
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 | established_title        = <!-- Settled -->
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 | established_title2       = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
 | established_date2        = 
 | established_title3       = Gainesville
 | established_date3        = 1818
<!-- Area    --------------------->
 | unit_pref                = Imperial
 | area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_13.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 18, 2021}}</ref>
 | area_total_km2           = 91.61
 | area_land_km2            = 86.57
 | area_water_km2           = 5.04
 | area_total_sq_mi         = 35.37
 | area_land_sq_mi          = 33.42
 | area_water_sq_mi         = 1.95
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<!-- Population   ----------------------->
 | population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
 | population_footnotes     = 
 | population_note          = 
 | population_total         = 42296
 | pop_est_as_of            = 
 | population_est           = 
 | population_density_km2   = 488.57
<!--for 2018 pop. est.-->
 | population_density_sq_mi = auto
 | population_metro         = 203,136 ([[Metropolitan statistical area|US: 217th]])
 | population_density_metro_km2 = 
 | population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
 | population_urban         = 164,365 ([[List of United States urban areas|US: 219th]])<ref name="urban area">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas|website=census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
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<!-- General information  --------------->
 | timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
 | utc_offset               = -5
 | timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
 | utc_offset_DST           = -4
 | coordinates              = {{coord|34|17|25|N|83|49|46|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
 | elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
 | elevation_ft             = 1214
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
 | postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Codes|ZIP Code]]
 | postal_code              = 30501, 30503-30504, 30506-30507
 | area_code                = [[Area code 770|770]]
 | blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
 | blank_info               = 13-31908<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
 | blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
 | blank1_info              = 2403675<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2403675}}</ref>
 | website                  = {{URL|https://www.gainesville.org/|gainesville.org}}
 | footnotes                = 
 | named_for                = [[Edmund P. Gaines]]
 | pop_est_footnotes        = 
}}

'''Gainesville''' is a city and the [[county seat]] of [[Hall County, Georgia]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web| url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=2011-05-31 }}</ref> As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the city had a population of 42,296. Because of its large number of poultry processing plants, it has been called the "Poultry Capital of the World." Gainesville is the principal city of the Gainesville, Georgia [[Gainesville, Georgia metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]], which is included in the [[Atlanta]]–[[Sandy Springs, Georgia|Sandy Springs]]–Gainesville, Georgia [[Combined Statistical Area]].

==History==
[[File:Georgia - Dalton through Lumpkin - NARA - 23937127 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|View of Gainesville, 1931]]
Gainesville was established as "Mule Camp Springs" by European-American settlers in the early 1800s. Less than three years after the organization of Hall County on December 15, 1818, Mule Camp Springs was renamed "Gainesville" on April 21, 1821. It was named in honor of General [[Edmund P. Gaines]],<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n132 133]}}</ref> a hero of the [[War of 1812]] and a noted military surveyor and road-builder. Gainesville was selected to be the [[county seat]] and chartered by the [[Georgia General Assembly]] on November 30, 1821.

A [[gold rush]] that began in nearby [[Lumpkin County, Georgia|Lumpkin County]] in the 1830s resulted in an increase in the number of settlers and the beginning of a business community. In the middle of the 19th century, Gainesville had two important events. In 1849, it became established as a resort center, with people attracted to the springs. In 1851, much of the small city was destroyed by fire.

Around 1870, after the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], Gainesville began to grow. In 1871 The [[Atlanta and Richmond Air-Line Railway]], later re-organized into The [[Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line Railroad]], began to stop in Gainesville, increasing its ties to other markets and stimulating business and population. It grew from 1,000 in 1870, to over 5,000 by 1900.

By 1898, [[textile]] mills had become the primary driver of the economy, with the railroad integral to delivering raw cotton and carrying away the mills' products. With the revenues generated by the mills, in 1902, Gainesville became the first city south of [[Baltimore]] to install [[street lamp]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gainesvilletimes.com/life/gainesvilles-queen-city-name-about-more-parkway/|title=Gainesville's 'Queen City' name about more than a parkway|website=www.gainesvilletimes.com|access-date=2018-03-31}}</ref> On March 1, 1905, free mail delivery began in Gainesville, and on August 10, 1910, the Gainesville post office was opened. On December 22, 1915, the city's first high-rise, the Jackson Building, had its formal opening. In 1919 [[Southern Bell]] made improvements to the phone system.

City services began in Gainesville on February 22, 1873, with the election of a City Marshal, followed by solid waste collection in 1874. In 1890, a [[Municipal bond|bond issue]] to fund the waterworks was passed, and the original water distribution system was developed.

In 1943, at the height of [[World War II]], Gainesville contributed to the war effort by leasing the airport to the US government for $1.00. The military used it as a [[naval air station]] for training purposes. In 1947, the airport was returned to the city of Gainesville, improved by the addition of two {{convert|4000|ft|adj=on}} landing strips (one of which was later lengthened to {{convert|5500|ft}}).

After World War II, a businessman named Jesse Jewell started the poultry industry in north Georgia. Chickens have since become the state's largest agricultural crop. This $1 billion a year industry has given Gainesville the title "Poultry Capital of the World".

In 1956, the [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] constructed [[Lake Sidney Lanier]], by building [[Buford Dam]] on the [[Chattahoochee River]]. During the [[1996 Summer Olympics]], Gainesville served as the venue for the rowing and kayaking medal competitions, which were staged on Lake Lanier.

Gainesville gained accreditation of its Parks and Recreation Department in 2001. This was the third department in the state to be accredited. The Lakeside water treatment plant opened in 2002. The city has sponsored new social activities, including the Spring Chicken Festival in 2003, the Art in the Square gathering in 2004, and "Dredgefest" in 2008.

2008 saw the reopening of the Fair Street Neighborhood Center, the reopening of the Linwood Water Reclamation Facility Grand, and the completion of the Longwood Park Fishing Pier.

[[2021 Georgia poultry plant accident|On January 28, 2021]], a poultry plant in Gainesville leaked [[liquid nitrogen]] killing 6 and hospitalizing 12.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55847100|website = bbc.com|title = Georgia nitrogen deaths: Leak kills six at Gainesville poultry plant|date = 28 January 2021|access-date = 28 January 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:River Forks Park.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Lake Lanier at River Forks Park]]
Gainesville is located in central Hall County at {{Coord|34|18|16|N|83|50|2|W|type:city}} (34.304490, -83.833897).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is bordered to the southwest by the city of [[Oakwood, Georgia|Oakwood]]. [[Interstate 985]]/[[U.S. Route 23]] passes through the southern part of the city, leading southwest {{convert|54|mi}} to [[Atlanta]] and northeast {{convert|23|mi}} to [[Baldwin, Georgia|Baldwin]] and [[Cornelia, Georgia|Cornelia]]. [[U.S. Route 129]] runs through the east side of the city, leading north {{convert|24|mi}} to [[Cleveland, Georgia|Cleveland]] and southeast {{convert|21|mi}} to [[Jefferson, Georgia|Jefferson]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|87.7|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|82.7|km2|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|5.0|km2|order=flip}}, or 5.75%, are water.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1331908| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Gainesville city, Georgia| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| access-date=May 16, 2017}}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

Nestled in the foothills of the [[Blue Ridge Mountains]], parts of Gainesville lie along the shore of one of the nation's most popular inland water destinations, [[Lake Lanier]]. Named after Confederate veteran, Georgia author and musician [[Sidney Lanier]], the lake was created in 1956 when the U.S. [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|Army Corps of Engineers]] dammed the [[Chattahoochee River]] near [[Buford, Georgia|Buford]] and flooded the river's valley. Although created primarily for hydroelectricity and flood control, it also serves as a reservoir providing water to the city of [[Atlanta]] and is a very popular recreational attraction for all of north Georgia.

Much of Gainesville is heavily wooded, with both [[deciduous]] and [[coniferous]] trees.

===Climate===
Much like the rest of northern Georgia, Gainesville has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa''), with cool to mild winters and hot, humid summers.

{{Weather box
|location = Gainesville, Georgia (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1891–present)
|single line = Y
|width = auto
|Jan record high F = 79
|Feb record high F = 79
|Mar record high F = 88
|Apr record high F = 93
|May record high F = 98
|Jun record high F = 107
|Jul record high F = 107
|Aug record high F = 104
|Sep record high F = 105
|Oct record high F = 96
|Nov record high F = 86
|Dec record high F = 78
|year record high F = 
|Jan high F = 51.1
|Feb high F = 54.9
|Mar high F = 63.0
|Apr high F = 71.3
|May high F = 78.0
|Jun high F = 84.6
|Jul high F = 87.8
|Aug high F = 86.4
|Sep high F = 81.1
|Oct high F = 71.9
|Nov high F = 62.0
|Dec high F = 53.8
|Jan low F = 31.1
|Feb low F = 33.5
|Mar low F = 39.7
|Apr low F = 47.1
|May low F = 56.0
|Jun low F = 64.0
|Jul low F = 67.8
|Aug low F = 66.9
|Sep low F = 60.9
|Oct low F = 49.9
|Nov low F = 39.6
|Dec low F = 34.3
|Jan record low F = -8
|Feb record low F = -6
|Mar record low F = 7
|Apr record low F = 22
|May record low F = 33
|Jun record low F = 41
|Jul record low F = 49
|Aug record low F = 49
|Sep record low F = 34
|Oct record low F = 20
|Nov record low F = 4
|Dec record low F = -1
|year record low F = 
|rain colour    =  green
|Jan rain inch = 5.28
|Feb rain inch = 5.15
|Mar rain inch = 5.31
|Apr rain inch = 4.19
|May rain inch = 4.23
|Jun rain inch = 4.51
|Jul rain inch = 3.90
|Aug rain inch = 5.11
|Sep rain inch = 4.13
|Oct rain inch = 4.20
|Nov rain inch = 4.39
|Dec rain inch = 5.16
|snow colour    =
|Jan snow inch = 0.7
|Feb snow inch = 0.5
|Mar snow inch = 0.1
|Apr snow inch = 0
|May snow inch = 0
|Jun snow inch = 0
|Jul snow inch = 0
|Aug snow inch = 0
|Sep snow inch = 0
|Oct snow inch = 0
|Nov snow inch = 0
|Dec snow inch = 0.3
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name="NOAA">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=ffc
| title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = November 17, 2021}}</ref>
}}

====Severe weather====
{{See also|Cooper Pants Factory fire}}
While Gainesville does not sit in [[Tornado Alley]], a region of the United States where severe weather is common, [[Supercell|supercell thunderstorms]] can sweep through any time between March and November, being primarily concentrated in the spring. Tornado watches are frequent in the spring and summer, with a warning appearing at least biannually, occasionally with more than one per year.

Tornado activity in the Gainesville area is above Georgia state average and is 108% greater than the overall U.S. average. Gainesville was the site of [[1903 Gainesville, Georgia tornado|a deadly F4 on June 1, 1903]], which killed 98 people. Gainesville was the site of the [[1936 Tupelo-Gainesville tornado outbreak|fifth deadliest tornado in U.S. history]] in 1936,<ref>{{cite web|title=The 1936 Gainesville Tornado: Disaster and Recovery|url=http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/tornado/|publisher=Digital Library of Georgia|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> in which Gainesville was devastated and 203 people were killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/killers.html|title=25 Deadliest U.S. Tornadoes|website=www.spc.noaa.gov}}</ref> In [[1974 Super Outbreak|April 1974]], an F4 tornado 22.6 miles away from the Gainesville city center killed six people and injured thirty. In December 1973, an F3 tornado 2.1 miles away from the city center injured twenty-one people. Both storms caused between $500,000 and $5,000,000 in property damages. On [[1998 Gainesville-Stoneville tornado outbreak|March 20, 1998]], an F3 tornado impacted the Gainesville metro area early in the morning, killing 12 people and injuring 171 others. Another F3 tornado later that day killed 2 other people and injured a further 27 people in the [[Stoneville, North Carolina|Stoneville]] area.

==Transportation==
===Major roads===
{{div col}}
* [[File:I-985.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 985]] 
*[[File:Georgia 347.svg|20px]] [[Georgia State Route 347|State Route 347]]
* [[File:US 23.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 23 in Georgia|U.S. Route 23]]
* [[File:US 129.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 129 in Georgia|U.S. Route 129]]
* [[File:US 129 Business.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 129 Business (Gainesville, Georgia)|U.S. Route 129 Business]]
* [[File:Georgia 11.svg|20px]] [[Georgia State Route 11|State Route 11]]
* [[File:Georgia 11 Business.svg|20px]] [[Georgia State Route 11 Business (Gainesville)|State Route 11 Business]]
* [[File:Georgia 13.svg|20px]] [[Georgia State Route 13|State Route 13]]
* [[File:Georgia 53.svg|20px]] [[Georgia State Route 53|State Route 53]]
* [[File:Georgia 53 Connector.svg|20px]] [[Georgia State Route 53 Connector (Gainesville)|State Route 53 Connector]]
* [[File:Georgia 60.svg|20px]] [[Georgia State Route 60|State Route 60]]
* [[File:Georgia 60 Connector.svg|20px]] [[Georgia State Route 60 Connector (Gainesville)|State Route 60 Connector]]
* [[File:Georgia 284.svg|25px]] [[Georgia State Route 284|State Route 284]]
* [[File:Georgia 365.svg|25px]] [[Georgia State Route 365|State Route 365]]
* [[File:Georgia 365 Business.svg|25px]] [[Georgia State Route 365 Business|State Route 365 Business]]
* [[File:Georgia 369.svg|25px]] [[Georgia State Route 369|State Route 369]]
{{div col end}}

===Pedestrians and cycling===
{{div col}}
* Highlands to Island Trail (Under construction)<ref>Highlands to Islands trail</ref>
* Midtown Greenway
* Wilshire Trails
{{div col end}}

===Mass transit===
* The [[Gainesville station (Georgia)|Gainesville Amtrak station]] is situated at 116 Industrial Boulevard. [[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Crescent (train)|Crescent]]'' train connects Gainesville with the cities of [[New York City|New York]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Baltimore]], [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]], [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], [[Atlanta]], [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]] and [[New Orleans]]. The southbound train arrives on Saturday, Monday, and Wednesday mornings, and the northbound train on Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday evenings.
*Gainesville connection was replaced by WeGo in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gainesville.org/520/WeGo|title=WeGo Gainesville, GA|website=www.gainesville.org}}</ref>

===Airport===
* [[Lee Gilmer Memorial Airport]] (GVL), built in 1940, is a city-owned airport with two runways (5,500&nbsp;ft and 4,001&nbsp;ft), and supports air taxi operations, itinerant operations, local operations, and military operations. Aircraft include 116 single engine aircraft, 21 multi-engine aircraft, 2 jet engine aircraft and 1 helicopter. In addition, Gainesville has three heliports, Beaver Trail, Lanier Park Hospital and Latham Creek.

==Economy==

===Poultry farming===
The poultry farming industry in Gainesville began to develop after World War II, when Jesse Jewell, a Gainesville feed salesman, began his business. The format he developed was to sell North Georgia farmers baby chicks and feed on [[credit (finance)|credit]]. When the chicks were grown, Jewell would buy back the adult chickens (broilers) at a price that would cover his costs and guarantee farmers a profit. Once Jewell signed on enough farmers to produce broilers for him, he invested in his own processing plant and hatchery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1811|title=Poultry|website=New Georgia Encyclopedia}}</ref>

As of 2013, poultry farming remains a significant economic driver in Gainesville, representing six of its top ten employers (7,600 employees), nearly one-quarter of the total population in the city in 2010 (and a higher proportion of the working-age population).<ref>[https://www.ghcc.com/admin/uploads/top_employers_gainesvillle-hall_county_2013.pdf Gainesville-Hall County Top Employers 2013] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075520/https://www.ghcc.com/admin/uploads/top_employers_gainesvillle-hall_county_2013.pdf |date=2014-04-07 }}</ref> It is the most well-known business in the area, with statewide revenue exceeding $3 billion. These jobs have attracted numerous Hispanic workers, adding to the diversity of families in the city and county. The proportion of Hispanic and Latino residents is more than 40 percent of the city's population, where the jobs are.

===Top employers===
According to Gainesville's 2012 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gainesville.org/fullpanel/uploads/files/2012-city-of-gainesville-cafr---final-00001.pdf|title=City of Gainesville CAFR}}</ref> the top employers in the city are:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Employer
! # of Employees
|-
|1
| Northeast Georgia Health System
|5,030
|-
|2
| Fieldale Farms
|2,400
|-
|3
| [[Pilgrim's Corp|Pilgrim's]]
|1,600
|-
|4
| [[Mar-Jac Poultry|Mar-Jac]]
|1,250
|-
|5
| [[Kubota Corporation|Kubota]]
|960
|-
|6
| Coleman Natural 
|900
|-
|7
| The Longstreet Clinic
|580
|-
|8
| Koch Foods
|521
|-
|9
| [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]]
|440
|-
|10
| MP Equipment
|110
|}

==Culture==

===Arts and theater===
Gainesville is the home of the Gainesville Theater Alliance (GTA), which is a partnership between [[Brenau University]], the [[University of North Georgia]], Theatre Wings, and the Professional Company. This coalition provides theatrical entertainment for the entire Gainesville area. GTA utilizes both professional and student actors in its productions and their performances have been nationally acclaimed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.ung.edu/gta/about-gta/index/|title=About Us - Gainesville Theatre Alliance|website=blog.ung.edu}}</ref>

Brenau University Galleries, established in 1985 by Brenau University President, Dr. John S. Burd, is located at the historic Gainesville, Georgia campus and consists of five art galleries created to house its permanent art collection of over 5,000 works. The Galleries hold local, regional, student, and national rotating exhibitions. The Galleries serve as an educational and cultural resource for Northeast Georgia by way of free public programming and exhibitions.

The Northeast Georgia History Center is a museum established by Brenau University in Downtown Gainesville that focuses on the heritage of the Northeast Georgia region. Some notable exhibits include the Land of Promise and Northeast Georgia Sports Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.negahc.org/|title=Northeast Georgia History Center|website=www.negahc.org}}</ref>
[[File:Smithgall arts complex.jpg|alt=The Arts Council|thumb|Smithgall Arts Center complex, including the [[Gladys Wyant Performing Arts Pavilion]]]]

The Arts Council is a non-profit organization focused on providing Gainesville residents with a broad variety of visual, performing, and literary arts.. The Arts Council is located in the Smithgall Arts Center, which is a former two-story train depot that the Arts Council purchased from [[CSX Transportation]] in 1992.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exploregeorgia.org/listing/4189-arts-council-smithgall-arts-center|title=The Arts Council Smithgall Arts Center - Gainesville, Georgia|first=Georgia Department of Economic|last=Development|date=11 July 2018}}</ref>  In early 2020, they broke ground on an expansion to include a new 6,300 sr. ft. pavilion that features an outdoor stage and other multi-functional facilities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arts Council breaks ground on new 'one-of-a-kind' outdoor venue |url=https://www.gainesvilletimes.com/get-out/arts-council-breaks-ground-new-one-kind-outdoor-venue/ |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=www.gainesvilletimes.com}}</ref>  The ribbon was officially cut on this expansion on April 16, 2021, and named the “[[Gladys Wyant Performing Arts Pavilion]]” in honor of Gladys Wyant, who has been the executive director of The Arts Council for the previous 37+ years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New pavilion named after Arts Council official, first concert Friday |url=http://accesswdun.com/article/2021/4/997891/new-pavilion-named-after-arts-council-official-first-concert-friday |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=AccessWDUN |language=en}}</ref>  This venue, known by many as "The Gladys", has quickly become one of the most popular event venues in Gainesville and North Georgia, as a whole.

The Quinlan Visual Arts Center is a non-profit arts association initially founded as the Gainesville Arts Association in 1942. The Quinlan Visual Arts Center acts as an exhibit, with multiple galleries on display throughout the year, as well as an event center. It is also an affiliate of the Arts Council and provides art classes for both children and adults.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quinlanartscenter.org/about.html|title=ABOUT|website=Quinlan Visual Arts Center}}</ref>

The Gainesville Symphony Orchestra (GSO) was a volunteer orchestra founded in 1982 as the Lanier Symphony Orchestra. However, due to a lack in funding during the [[Great Recession]], the GSO shut down in 2013 after almost 30 years of operation.<ref>[http://www.gainesvilletimes.com/archives/81726/preview/]{{dead link|date=July 2018}}</ref>

Gainesville is also home to the Gainesville Ballet Company which is a partnership with Brenau University and the Gainesville School of Dance. One of their more popular performances throughout the year is [[Tchaikovsky]]'s ''[[The Nutcracker]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gainesvilleballet.org/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030203234608/http://www.gainesvilleballet.org/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=February 3, 2003|title=Gainesville Ballet Company & Gainesville School of Ballet - Gainesville Ballet Company|website=www.gainesvilleballet.org}}</ref>

Alta Vista Cemetery is a graveyard located just outside Downtown Gainesville. The famous Confederate general [[James Longstreet]] is buried here. Other notable gravesites include: several Georgia governors, an astronaut, a rocket scientist, a circus performer, and that of poultry pioneer Jesse Jewell (whom Jesse Jewell Parkway, Gainesville's main thoroughfare, is named after).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exploregeorgia.org/listing/104-alta-vista-cemetery|title=Alta Vista Cemetery - Gainesville, Georgia|first=Georgia Department of Economic|last=Development|date=11 July 2018}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1860= 344
|1870= 472
|1880= 1919
|1890= 3202
|1900= 4382
|1910= 5925
|1920= 6272
|1930= 8624
|1940= 10243
|1950= 11936
|1960= 16523
|1970= 15459
|1980= 15280
|1990= 17885
|2000= 25578
|2010= 33804
|2020= 42296
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Gainesville racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US1331908&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=2021-12-12|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!Race
!Num.
!Perc.
|-
|[[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
|17,852
|42.21%
|-
|[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
|6,033
|14.26%
|-
|[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
|60
|0.14%
|-
|[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
|1,450
|3.43%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]]
|29
|0.07%
|-
|[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
|1,222
|2.89%
|-
|[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
|15,650
|37.0%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 42,296 people, 13,314 households, and 8,796 families residing in the city.

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2010, there were 33,804 people, 11,273 households, and 7,165 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1,161.6|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 12,967 housing units at an average density of {{convert|445.6|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The racial makeup of the city was 54.2% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 15.2% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.6% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 3.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.2% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 23.4% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] residents of any race were 41.6% of the population.

There were 11,273 households, out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 18.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.64% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.55.

Age distribution was 33.9% under the age of 20, 9.5% from 20 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 16.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 20 and over, there were 84.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $38,119, and the median income for a family was $43,734. Males had a median income of $26,377 versus $20,531 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $19,439. About 24.9% of families and 29.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 40.7% of those under age 18 and 17.6% of those age 65 or over.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_3YR_DP03&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212211120/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_3YR_DP03&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-02-12|title=American FactFinder - Results|publisher=United States Census Bureau|website=factfinder2.census.gov}}</ref> In May 2013, the unemployment rate was 6.9%, less than the overall rate in Georgia of 8.3%, the US of 7.6%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dol.state.ga.us/pdf/pr/lf_gainesville.pdf|title=Unemployment Rate by MSA - Gainesville - Department of Labor|website=www.dol.state.ga.us}}</ref>

Of the population aged 15 years and over, 31.0% have never been married; 50.0% are now married; 2.4% are separated; 7.7% are widowed; and 9.9% are divorced.

==Healthcare==
Gainesville is home to the [[Northeast Georgia Medical Center Gainesville]], which houses a [[Level I Trauma Center]] and the Georgia Heart Center.<ref name="Clement 2023">{{cite web |last1=Clement |first1=Andrea |title='A huge asset' for the state: Georgia's newest Level 1 trauma center |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/news/2023/04/01/growth-health-care-jobs-expansion-georgia.html |website=Atlanta Business Chronicle |publisher=American City Business Journals |access-date=10 April 2023 |date=2 April 2023}}</ref>

==Government and infrastructure==
[[Arrendale State Prison]] of the [[Georgia Department of Corrections]] is a women's prison located in [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[Habersham County, Georgia|Habersham County]], near [[Alto, Georgia|Alto]],<ref>"[http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/GDC/FacilityMap/html/arrendale_state_prison.html Arrendale State Prison] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116005350/http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/GDC/FacilityMap/html/arrendale_state_prison.html |date=2014-01-16 }}." [[Georgia Department of Corrections]]. Retrieved on November 15, 2010. "ADDRESS: 2023 GAINESVILLE HWY SOUTH POST OFFICE BOX 709 ALTO, GA 30510."</ref> and in the Gainesville area.<ref>Pearl, Matthew. "[http://www.11alive.com/story/news/local/gainesville/2015/07/23/georgia-inmates-graduate-high-school/30589127/ Ga. inmates make history, graduate high school in prison]" ([https://archive.today/20240527105417/https://www.webcitation.org/6aIbfpbU9?url=http://www.11alive.com/story/news/local/gainesville/2015/07/23/georgia-inmates-graduate-high-school/30589127/ Archive]). ''[[WXIA]]''. July 23, 2015. Retrieved on July 26, 2015.</ref>

==Education==
Three African Americans, Beulah Rucker, E. E. Butler, and Ulysses Byas were educational pioneers in Gainesville and Hall County. Rucker founded Timber Ridge Elementary School, the first school for Black children in Gainesville, in 1911. In 1951 she established a night high school for African-American veterans, which was the only High School for veterans in Georgia. E. E. Butler served as an educator for just one year before earning his Physician's license. In 1954, he became one of two who became the first Black men on the Gainesville City Schools Board of Education, a very unusual situation in the United States. When the schools were integrated in 1969, Byas, like most Black school principals was offered a demotion. Rather than take a job as an assistant principal at Gainesville High School, he moved to [[Tuskegee, Alabama]], where he became the nation's first Black school superintendent.<ref name="Cared">{{cite journal|last1=Pitts|first1=Winfred E.|title=Three Who Cared: Beulah Rucker, E. E. Butler, and Ulysses Byas--Twentieth-Century Trailblazers in Education for African Americans in Gainesville, Georgia|journal=Georgia Historical Quarterly|date=2003|volume=87|issue=2|pages=245–275|url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=10756747&site=eds-live&scope=site|access-date=19 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40584671|jstor = 40584671|title = Three Who Cared: Beulah Rucker, e. E. Butler, and Ulysses Byas—Twentieth-Century Trailblazers in Education for African Americans in Gainesville, Georgia|last1 = Pitts|first1 = Winfred E.|journal = The Georgia Historical Quarterly|year = 2003|volume = 87|issue = 2|pages = 245–274}}</ref>

===Historical schools===
[[Butler High School (Gainesville, Georgia)|E. E. Butler High School]] was a segregated school created in 1962 in response to court demands for equalization of resources for Black students. After the integration of public schools, it was closed in 1969.<ref name="Moffson">{{cite web |last1=Moffson |first1=Steven |title=Equalization Schools in Georgia's African-American Communities, 1951-1970 |url=https://www.dca.ga.gov/sites/default/files/equalization_schools_in_georgia_0.pdf |publisher=Historic Preservation Division Georgia Department of Natural Resources |access-date=18 February 2022 |date=September 20, 2010}}</ref>

===Gainesville City School District===
The [[Gainesville City School District]] holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of five elementary schools, a middle school, and a high school.<ref>[http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/ReportingFW.aspx?PageReq=111&PID=62&PTID=69&CountyId=776&T=0&FY=2009 Georgia Board of Education]{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Retrieved June 9, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.gcssk12.net/ Gainesville City School District], Retrieved June 9, 2010.</ref> The district has 282 full-time teachers and over 4,438 students.<ref>[http://www.school-stats.com/GA/HALL/GAINESVILLE_CITY.html School Stats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713024553/http://www.school-stats.com/GA/HALL/GAINESVILLE_CITY.html |date=2014-07-13 }}, Retrieved June 9, 2010.</ref>  Its lone high school, [[Gainesville High School (Georgia)|Gainesville High School]] boasts several notable alumni, including [[Deshaun Watson]], [[Cleveland Browns]] quarterback, [[Cris Carpenter]], former professional baseball player ([[St. Louis Cardinals]], [[Florida Marlins]], [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]], [[Milwaukee Brewers]]), [[Tasha Humphrey]], professional basketball player, and [[Micah Owings]], current professional baseball player ([[Arizona Diamondbacks]], [[Cincinnati Reds]], [[San Diego Padres]]). The mascot for Gainesville High School is the Red Elephant.

===Hall County School District===
The [[Hall County School District]] holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of twenty-one elementary schools, six middle schools, and seven high schools.<ref>[http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/ReportingFW.aspx?PageReq=111&PID=62&PTID=69&CountyId=669&T=0&FY=2009 Georgia Board of Education]{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Retrieved June 9, 2010.</ref> The district has 1,337 full-time teachers and over 21,730 students.<ref>[http://www.school-stats.com/GA/HALL/HALL_COUNTY.html School Stats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713040700/http://www.school-stats.com/GA/HALL/HALL_COUNTY.html |date=2014-07-13 }}, Retrieved June 9, 2010.</ref> The high schools in this district have produced a number of notable alumni including, [[Connor Shaw]], starting quarterback for the [[University of South Carolina]] Gamecocks football team; [[Casey Cagle]], Lt. Governor, State of Georgia; James Mills, Georgia State Representative; [[A.J. Styles]], professional wrestler; [[Deshaun Watson]], starting quarterback for the Houston Texans, [[Mike Wilson (offensive lineman)|Mike "MoonPie" Wilson]], former NFL football player; [[Chester Willis]], former [[NFL]] football player; [[Jody Davis (baseball)|Jody Davis]], former catcher for [[Chicago Cubs]] and [[Atlanta Braves]] baseball teams; [[Billy Greer]], bass guitarist for progressive rock band [[Kansas (band)|Kansas]]; [[Corey Hulsey]], former [[NFL]] [[Oakland Raiders]] football player; [[Robin Spriggs]], author and actor; and [[Martrez Milner]], [[American football]] [[tight end]].

===Private education===

Notable private schools in Gainesville include: [[Riverside Military Academy]], a private, college preparatory, boarding and day school for boys in grades 6 through 12; and [[Lakeview Academy]], a private, nondenominational, coeducational day school for students in preschool through 12th grade. From 1928 to 2011, Gainesville was also home to [[Brenau University#Brenau Academy|Brenau Academy]], a female, college preparatory, residential school for grades 9–12, and a part of the [[Brenau University]] system. However, in 2011 Brenau Academy was revamped into a program allowing qualified young women to earn college credits during the time in their lives in which they would normally complete high school studies.

===Higher education===
Gainesville has several institutions of higher education: [[University of North Georgia]] (formerly [[Gainesville State College]]), which was established January 8, 2013, as a result of the consolidation of North Georgia College and State University and Gainesville State College; [[Brenau University]], a private, not-for-profit, undergraduate- and graduate-level higher education institution; the Interactive College of Technology; and Lanier Technical College.

==Law==
Established in 2005, the Public Defender's Office at Gainesville provides representation for persons accused of felony offenses in Hall County.<ref>[http://www.gpdsc.com/feature/feature-northeastern.php Georgia Public Defender Standards Council – Meet the Northeastern Judicial Circuit Public Defender Office<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502213621/http://www.gpdsc.com/feature/feature-northeastern.php |date=2007-05-02 }}</ref>  Attorneys from the office have been recognized for their community involvement, as well as for their acumen in the courtroom.{{Citation needed|reason=The link to the cited source for this claim was dead as of April 2017|date=April 2023}} In 2008, a first-year attorney successfully challenged the Sex Offender Registration Law in the Georgia Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gainesvilletimes.com/news/archive/11009/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130123144447/http://www.gainesvilletimes.com/news/archive/11009/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 23, 2013 |title=Young lawyer makes his mark |publisher=Gainesvilletimes.com |date=November 12, 2008 |access-date=November 15, 2012 }}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Tommy Aaron]], [[professional golfer]], 1973 [[Masters Tournament|Masters]] champion
*[[Mariah Paris Balenciaga]], [[drag queen]] and [[television personality]]
*[[Ashley Bell (politician)|Ashley D. Bell]], American politician
*[[Jodi Benson]], [[voice actor|voice actress]], played Princess Ariel in Disney's ''The Little Mermaid''
*[[Roy D. Bridges, Jr.]], astronaut
*[[Casey Cagle]], former Lieutenant Governor of Georgia, 2007–2019
*[[Rod Cameron (actor)|Rod Cameron]], actor
*[[Allen D. Candler]], [[Governor of Georgia]]
*[[Cris Carpenter]], former [[Major League Baseball]] [[pitcher]]
*[[Daniel Carver]], former [[Ku Klux Klan]] [[Grand Dragon]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bragg |first1=Rick |title=In a South Carolina Town, a Klan Museum Opens Old Wounds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/17/us/in-a-south-carolina-town-a-klan-museum-opens-old-wounds.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=17 November 1996 |access-date=24 April 2019 |page=November 17, 1996}}</ref>
*[[John Casper]], astronaut
*[[Doug Collins (politician)|Doug Collins]], member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] and nominee for [[United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs]]
*[[Jason Cross]], professional wrestler
*[[Henry Crowder]], professional jazz musician
*[[Jody Davis (baseball)|Jody Davis]], professional [[baseball]] player (Major League Baseball)
*[[Nathan Deal]], 82nd [[Governor of Georgia]], grew up in Millen<ref>{{cite book |title=The Almanac of American Politics 2000 |url=https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00 |url-access=registration |last1=Barone |first1=Michael |last2=Ujifusa |first2=Grant |publisher=National Journal Group Inc. |year= 1999 |page=[https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00/page/483 483] }}</ref>
*[[Dexter Fowler]], [[Major League Baseball]] [[center fielder]] for the [[St. Louis Cardinals]]
*[[Jentezen Franklin]], Pastor
*[[Chan Gailey]], former head coach of various [[National Football League]] (NFL) and college football teams
*[[John Driskell Hopkins]], bassist for the [[Zac Brown Band]]
*[[Corey Hulsey]], [[Guard (American football)|guard]] for the [[Detroit Lions]] (NFL)
*[[Tasha Humphrey]], [[Washington Mystics]] (WNBA) basketball player
*[[A. J. Johnson (linebacker)|A.J. Johnson]] current [[Denver Broncos]] linebacker in the NFL and former [[University of Tennessee]] linebacker
*[[T.J. Jones]], current [[Detroit Lions]] (NFL) and former [[University of Notre Dame]] wide receiver
*[[Sung Kang]], actor
*[[James Longstreet]], former high-ranking [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] general; moved to Gainesville from New Orleans in 1876<ref>Varon, Elizabeth R. (2023) ''Longstreet: The Confederate General Who Defied the South'' New York: Simon & Schuster. pp.219-220 {{ISBN|978-19821-4827-0}}</ref>
*[[J. Reginald Murphy|Reg Murphy]], former president of [[National Geographic Society]] and publisher//editor
*[[Alexander R. Nininger]], [[World War II]] [[Medal of Honor]] recipient, [[Battle of Bataan]] 
*[[Micah Owings]], [[Major League Baseball]] pitcher
*[[Randy Pobst]], [[auto racing|professional racing]] driver
*[[Robert Prechter]], financial forecaster (1980s "Guru of the Decade")
*[[Blake Sims]], former [[University of Alabama]] quarterback
*[[James Milton Smith]], [[Governor of Georgia]]
*[[A.J. Styles|AJ Styles]], [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] signed to [[WWE]]
*[[Deshaun Watson]], quarterback for the [[Cleveland Browns]] (NFL)
*[[Margaret O'Connor Wilson]], civic leader
*[[Margaret Woodrow Wilson]], daughter of US President [[Woodrow Wilson]]
*[[Mike Wilson (offensive lineman)|Mike Wilson]], former NFL [[offensive lineman]]

==See also==
{{Portal|State of Georgia}}
*[[1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Gainesville (Georgia)}}
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.gainesville.org City of Gainesville official website]
*[http://www.greaterhallchamber.com Greater Hall Chamber of Commerce]

{{Hall County, Georgia}}
{{Atlanta Metro}}
{{Georgia county seats}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Gainesville, Georgia| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Cities in Hall County, Georgia]]
[[Category:County seats in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1818]]
[[Category:1818 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Populated lakeshore places in the United States]]