Editing Gaillardia

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{For|the fictional British island colony|Carlton-Browne of the F.O.}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Gaillardia in Aspen (91273).jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Gaillardia pulchella]]''
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Gaillardia
|authority = [[Auguste Denis Fougeroux de Bondaroy|Foug.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?4796 |title=Genus: ''Gaillardia'' Foug.  |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=1998-09-22 |access-date=2011-02-10}}</ref>
|synonyms_ref=<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dixon.iplantcollaborative.org/CompositaeWeb/default.aspx?Page=NameDetails&TabNum=0&NameId=c406f076-4477-4942-9e05-bc89831052bc |title=Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist  |access-date=2014-11-27 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141130052508/http://dixon.iplantcollaborative.org/CompositaeWeb/default.aspx?Page=NameDetails&TabNum=0&NameId=c406f076-4477-4942-9e05-bc89831052bc |archive-date=2014-11-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|synonyms =
* ''Guentheria'' <small>[[Curt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel|Spreng.]]</small>
* ''Galordia'' <small>Raeusch.</small>
* ''Polypteris'' <small>Less.</small>
* ''Calonnea'' <small>Buc'hoz</small>
* ''Cercostylos'' <small>Less.</small>
* ''Othake'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''Agassizia'' <small>A.Gray & Engelm.</small>
}}

'''''Gaillardia''''' {{IPAc-en|ɡ|eɪ|ˈ|l|ɑr|d|i|ə}}<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book''. 1995. 606–07.</ref> (common name '''blanket flower''')<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=37395 |taxon=''Gaillardia'' |access-date=2011-02-10}}</ref> is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Asteraceae]], native to [[North America|North]] and [[South America]]. It was named after Maître Gaillard de Charentonneau,<ref>Fougeroux de Bondaroy, Auguste Denis. Observations sur la Physique, sur L'Histoire Naturelle et sur les Arts. 29: 55. 1786. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29390#page/61/mode/1up]</ref><ref>Fougeroux de Bondaroy, Auguste Denis. Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences Paris 1786: 5. 1788. [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3585j/f90.image]</ref> an 18th-century French magistrate who was an enthusiastic [[botanist]]. The common name may refer to the resemblance of the [[inflorescence]] to the brightly patterned [[blanket]]s made by [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]], or to the ability of wild taxa to blanket the ground with colonies.<ref>[http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/plant-finder/plant-details/kc/a579/gaillardia-x-grandiflora.aspx ''Gaillardia'' × ''grandiflora''.] Missouri Botanical Garden.</ref> Many [[cultivar]]s have been bred for [[ornamental plant|ornamental]] use.

==Description==
[[File:Sunflowers in Gahkuch Gilgit.jpg|thumb|Cultivated ''Gaillardia'' in [[Gahkuch]], [[Pakistan]].]]
These are [[annual plant|annual]] or [[perennial plant|perennial]] herbs or [[shrub|subshrubs]], sometimes with [[rhizome]]s. The stem is usually branching and erect to a maximum height around 80 centimeters (31.5 inches). The leaves are alternately arranged. Some taxa have only basal leaves. They vary in shape. They are glandular in most species. The [[inflorescence]] is a solitary [[pseudanthium|flower head]]. The head can have 15 or more ray florets, while some taxa lack any ray florets. They can be almost any shade of yellow, orange, red, purplish, brown, white, or bicolored. They are sometimes rolled into a funnel shape. There are many tubular disc florets at the center of the head in a similar range of colors, and usually tipped with hairs. The fruit usually has a [[pappus (flower structure)|pappus]] of scales.<ref name=fna>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=113131 ''Gaillardia''.] Flora of North America.</ref>

==Ecology==
''Gaillardia'' species are used as food plants by the [[caterpillar]]s of some [[Lepidoptera]] species, including ''[[Schinia bina]]'' (which has been recorded on ''G. pulchella''), ''[[Schinia masoni]]'' (which feeds exclusively on ''G. aristata'') and ''[[Schinia volupia]]'' (which feeds exclusively on ''G. pulchella'').
[[Image:galliardia redoute.JPG|thumb|right|[[gaillardia pinnatifida|red dome blanketflower]] (''Gaillardia pinnatifida'')]]
[[File:Gaillardia fanfare centered.jpg|thumb|right|''Gaillardia'' 'Fanfare']]

==Symbolism==
It is the official flower of [[Wallonia]].<br>
The [[school colors]] of [[Texas State University]] are [[maroon (color)|maroon]] and [[old gold]], a combination inspired by the gaillardia.<ref>[http://www.txstate.edu/about/history-traditions/school-colors.html School Colors.] Texas State University&ndash;San Marcos.</ref>

==Species==

Species include:<ref name="ITIS"/><ref name="GRINSpecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?4796 |title=GRIN Species Records of ''Gaillardia'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2011-02-10}}</ref>

* ''[[Gaillardia aestivalis]]'' <small>(Walter) H.Rock</small> &ndash; lanceleaf blanketflower southeastern USA
* ''[[Gaillardia amblyodon]]'' <small>J.Gay</small> &ndash; maroon blanketflower - Texas
* ''[[Gaillardia aristata]]'' <small>Pursh</small> &ndash; common gaillardia  - Canada, northern + western USA
* ''[[Gaillardia arizonica]]'' <small>A.Gray</small> &ndash; Arizona blanketflower - Sonora, southwestern USA
* ''[[Gaillardia cabrerae]]'' <small></small> ([[List of national parks of Argentina#Central|Lihue Calel]], Argentina)
* ''[[Gaillardia coahuilensis]]'' <small>B.L.Turner</small> &ndash; bandanna daisy - Coahuila, Texas
* ''[[Gaillardia comosa]]'' <small>A.Gray</small> - northern Mexico
* ''[[Gaillardia doniana]]'' <small>(Hook. & Arn.) Griseb.</small> - Argentina 
* ''[[Gaillardia gypsophila]]'' <small>B.L.Turner</small> - Coahuila
* ''[[Gaillardia henricksonii]]'' <small>B.L.Turner</small> - Coahuila
* ''[[Gaillardia megapotamica]]'' <small>(Spreng.) Baker</small> - Argentina<ref name="GRINSpecies"/> &ndash; ''boton de oro'' <!--spanish for Golden Button-->
** ''Gaillardia megapotamica'' var. ''radiata'' <small></small> ([[San Luis, Argentina]])
** ''Gaillardia megapotamica'' var. ''scabiosoides'' 
* ''[[Gaillardia mexicana]]'' <small>A.Gray</small> - northeastern Mexico
* ''[[Gaillardia multiceps]]'' <small>Greene</small> &ndash; onion blanketflower - Arizona, Texas, New Mexico
* ''[[Gaillardia parryi]]'' <small>Greene</small> &ndash; Parry's blanketflower - Utah, Arizona
* ''[[Gaillardia pinnatifida]]'' <small>Torr.</small> &ndash; red dome blanketflower - northern Mexico, western USA
* ''[[Gaillardia powellii]]'' <small>B.L.Turner</small> - Coahuila
* ''[[Gaillardia pulchella]]'' <small>Foug.</small> &ndash; firewheel - southern + central USA, central Canada, northern Mexico
* ''[[Gaillardia serotina]]'' <small>(Walter) H. Rock</small> - southeastern USA
* ''[[Gaillardia spathulata]]'' <small>A.Gray</small> &ndash; western blanketflower - Utah, Colorado
* ''[[Gaillardia suavis]]'' <small>(A.Gray & Engelm.) Britton & Rusby</small> &ndash; perfumeballs - northeastern Mexico, south-central USA
* ''[[Gaillardia tontalensis]]'' <small></small> ([[San Juan Province (Argentina)|San Juan Province, Argentina]])
* ''[[Gaillardia turneri]]'' <small>Averett & A.M.Powell</small> - Chihuahua

===Hybrids===
* [[Gaillardia × grandiflora|''Gaillardia'' × ''grandiflora'']] <small>hort. ex Van Houtte</small> [''G. aristata'' ×  ''G. pulchella'']<ref name="GRINSpecies"/>

===Formerly placed here===
* [[Helenium amarum|''Helenium amarum'' <small>(Raf.) H.Rock</small> var. ''amarum'']] (as ''G. amara'' <small>Raf.</small>)
* [[Tetraneuris acaulis|''Tetraneuris acaulis'' <small>(Pursh) Greene</small> var. ''acaulis'']] (as ''G. acaulis'' <small>Pursh</small>)<ref name="GRINSpecies"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Gaillardia-aestivalis01.jpg|[[gaillardia aestivalis|lanceleaf blanketflower]] (''Gaillardia aestivalis'')
File:Gaillardia-pulchella01.jpg|[[gaillardia pulchella|firewheel]] (''Gaillardia pulchella'')
File:Gaillardia x hybrida Kobold.JPG|''Gaillardia'' × ''hybrida'' 'Kobold'
File:Gaillardia x grandiflora 'Oranges and Lemons' in NH.jpg|''Gaillardia'' × ''grandiflora'' 'Oranges and Lemons'
File:Yellow Gaillardia Flower.jpg
File:Blanket Flower (Yellow).jpg
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{cite journal|author=Biddulph, S. F.|year= 1944|title= A revision of the genus ''Gaillardia''| journal = Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash.|volume= 13|pages=195–256}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q732510}}

[[Category:Gaillardia| ]]
[[Category:Asteraceae genera]]