Editing Gabriela Mistral

{{short description|Chilean author and diplomat (1889–1957)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{family name hatnote|Godoy|Alcayaga|lang=Spanish}} 
{{more citations needed|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = Gabriela Mistral
| awards =   {{Awards|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|1945}}
| image = Gabriela Mistral 1945.jpg
| birth_name = Lucila de María del Perpetuo Socorro Godoy Alcayaga
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1889|4|7}}
| birth_place = [[Vicuña, Chile]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1957|01|10|1889|4|7}}
| death_place = [[Hempstead, New York]]
| occupation = Educator, Diplomat, Poet. 
| language      = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| nationality = Chilean
| period = 1914–1957
| signature = Firma Gabriela Mistral.svg
| module       = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=07 GABRIELA MISTRAL.ogg|title=Gabriela Mistral's voice|type=speech|description=Recorded c. 1940-57}}
}}
'''Lucila Godoy Alcayaga''' ({{IPA|es-419|luˈsila ɣoˈðoj alkaˈʝaɣa|lang}}; 7 April 1889 – 10 January 1957), known by her [[pseudonym]] '''Gabriela Mistral''' ({{IPA|es|ɡaˈβɾjela misˈtɾal|lang}}), was a Chilean [[poet-diplomat]], educator, and Catholic. She was a member of the Secular Franciscan Order or  Third Franciscan order.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2020 |title=Birth Anniversary of Gabriela Mistral |url=https://www.mintageworld.com/media/detail/11716-birth-anniversary-of-gabriela-mistral/ |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=mintageworld}}</ref> She was [[Latin American literature#Latin American Nobel Prize Laureates in Literature|the first Latin American author]] to receive a [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in 1945, "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Peers |first=E. Allison |date=1946 |title=Gabriela Mistral A tentative evaluation |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14753825012331359810?journalCode=cbhs18 |journal=Bulletin of Spanish Studies |volume=23 |pages=101–116 |doi=10.1080/14753825012331359810 |via=Taylor & Francis Online}}</ref> Some central themes in her poems are nature, betrayal, love, a mother's love, sorrow and recovery, travel, and Latin American identity as formed from a mixture of Native American and European influences. Her image is featured on the 5,000 [[Chilean peso]] banknote.

==Early life==

Mistral was born in [[Vicuña, Chile|Vicuña]], Chile,<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Gabriela Mistral {{!}} Chilean poet |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gabriela-Mistral |access-date=2017-08-23 |language=en}}</ref> but grew up in Montegrande, an [[Andes|Andean]] village where she attended a primary school taught by her older sister, Emelina Molina. Despite the financial problems caused by Emelina later on, Mistral held great respect for her. Her father, Juan Gerónimo Godoy Villanueva, was also a schoolteacher but left the family when she was three years old and died alone and estranged in 1911. Poverty was a constant presence in her early life. At the age of fifteen, she supported herself and her mother, Petronila Alcayaga, a [[Dressmaker|seamstress]], by working as a teacher's aide in Compañía Baja, a seaside town near [[La Serena, Chile|La Serena]], Chile.

In 1904, Mistral published some early poems, including ''Ensoñaciones'' ("Dreams"), ''Carta Íntima'' ("Intimate Letter"), and ''Junto al Mar'' ("By the Sea"), in the local newspapers ''El Coquimbo: Diario Radical'' and ''La Voz de Elqui'', using different pseudonyms and variations of her name.

In 1906, Mistral met Romelio Ureta, a railway worker and her first love, who tragically took his own life in 1909.<ref name="nobel">{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1945/mistral/biographical/ |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Shortly after, her second love married someone else. These heartbreaks were reflected in her early poetry and gained recognition with her first published literary work in 1914, ''[[Sonetos de la Muerte|Sonetos de la muerte]]'' ("Sonnets on Death"). To protect her job as a teacher, she used a pen name, fearing the consequences of revealing her true identity.<ref>{{ cite book | translator-last1=Hughes | translator-first=Langston | title=Selected Poems of Gabriela Mistral | location=Bloomington | publisher=Indiana University Press | year=1957 | page=9 | url=https://archive.org/details/selectedpoemsofg0000lang/page/8/mode/2up | quote=She did not sign her poetry with her own name, Lucila Godoy y Alcayaga, because as a young teacher she feared, if it became known that she wrote such emotionally outspoken verses, she might lose her job. Instead she created for herself another name—taking from the archangel Gabriel her first name, and from a sea wind the second. When the poems that were quickly to make her famous, ''Sonetos de la Muerte'', were published in 1914, they were signed Gabriela Mistral. }}</ref> Mistral won first prize in the national literary contest [[Floral Games|Juegos Florales]] held in [[Santiago]], the capital of Chile. Exploring themes of death and life more broadly than previous [[Latin American poetry|Latin American poets]], she expanded her poetic horizons. While Mistral had passionate friendships with both men and women, which influenced her writing, she kept her emotional life private.

Since June 1908, Mistral had been using the pen name Gabriela Mistral for most of her writing. After winning the Juegos Florales, she rarely used her given name, Lucila Godoy, for her publications. She constructed her pseudonym from the names of two of her favorite poets, [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]] and [[Frédéric Mistral]], the French winner of the [[1904 Nobel Prize in Literature]], or, according to another account, as a combination of the [[Gabriel|Archangel Gabriel]] and the [[Mistral (wind)|mistral wind]] of [[Provence]].

In 1922, Mistral published her debut book, ''Desolación'' ("Desolation"),<ref name="nobel" /> with assistance from Federico de Onis, the Director of the Hispanic Institute of New York. The collection of poems explored themes such as motherhood, religion, nature, morality, and love for children. Her personal sorrows were reflected in the poems, solidifying her international reputation. Departing from the modernist trends in Latin America, Mistral's work was hailed by critics as straightforward yet simplistic. Two years later, in 1924, she released her second book, ''Ternura'' ("Tenderness").<ref name="nobel" />

==Career as an educator==
[[File:GabrielaMistral.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Gabriela Mistral during her youth]]
During her adolescence, the scarcity of trained teachers, especially in rural areas, allowed anyone willing to work to find employment as a teacher. However, the young woman faced challenges in accessing good schools due to her lack of political and social connections. In 1907, she was rejected from the Normal School without explanation, which she later attributed to the school's chaplain, Father Ignacio Munizaga, who was aware of her publications advocating for educational reform and [[Universal access to education|increased access to schools]] for all social classes.

Although her formal education ended in 1900, she secured teaching positions with the help of her older sister, Emelina, who had likewise begun as a teacher's aide and was responsible for much of the poet's early education. Through her publications in local and national newspapers and magazines, as well as her willingness to relocate, she advanced from one teaching position to another. Between 1906 and 1912, she taught at several schools near La Serena, [[Barrancas, Pichilemu|Barrancas]], [[Traiguén]], and [[Antofagasta]]. In 1912, she began working at a liceo (high school) in [[Los Andes, Chile|Los Andes]], where she remained for six years, frequently visiting Santiago. In 1918, [[Pedro Aguirre Cerda]], the Minister of Education and future [[President of Chile]], appointed her as the director of the [[Sara Braun]] Lyceum in [[Punta Arenas]]. She subsequently moved to [[Temuco]] in 1920 and then to Santiago in 1921, defeating a candidate associated with the [[Radical Party of Chile|Radical Party]] to become the director of Santiago's Liceo #6, the country's newest and most prestigious girls' school.

The controversy surrounding Gabriela Mistral's nomination for the coveted position in Santiago influenced her decision to accept an invitation to work in [[Mexico]] in 1922, under the guidance of Mexico's Minister of Education, [[José Vasconcelos]]. There, she contributed to the nation's plan to reform libraries and schools and establish a national education system. During this time, she gained international recognition through her journalism, public speaking, and the publication of her work ''Desolación'' in [[New York City|New York]]. She later published ''Lecturas para Mujeres'' (Readings for Women), a collection of prose and verse celebrating girls' education, featuring works by Latin American and European writers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lecturas para mujeres – Memoria Chilena, Biblioteca Nacional de Chile |url=http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-95502.html |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=www.memoriachilena.gob.cl}}</ref>

After spending nearly two years in Mexico, Mistral traveled to [[Washington, D.C.|Washington D.C.]], where she addressed the [[Organization of American States|Pan American Union]], and then continued her journey to New York and Europe. In [[Madrid]], she published ''Ternura'' (Tenderness), a collection of [[Lullaby|lullabies]] and rondas intended for children, parents, and fellow poets. She returned to Chile in early 1925, formally retiring from the country's education system and receiving a pension. Just in time, as the legislature had recently granted the demands of the teachers' union, led by Mistral's rival [[Amanda Labarca|Amanda Labarca Hubertson]], stipulating that only university-trained teachers could be appointed in schools. Despite her limited formal education, Mistral received the academic title of Spanish Professor from the [[University of Chile]] in 1923, which highlighted her remarkable [[Autodidacticism|self-education]] and her intellectual abilities, nurtured by the vibrant culture of newspapers, magazines, and books in provincial Chile.

[[Pablo Neruda]], Chile's second Nobel Prize laureate in literature, met Mistral when she relocated to his hometown, Temuco. She introduced him to her poetry and recommended readings, leading to a lifelong friendship between the two poets.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Eisner |first1=Mark |url=https://markeisner.net/neruda.html |title=Neruda: The Poet's Calling |date=2018 |publisher=Ecco |isbn=9780062694201 |location=New York |page=59}}</ref>

==International work and recognition==
[[File:Gabriela Mistral-01.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Gabriela during the 1950s.]]
Mistral's international stature made it unlikely for her to remain in Chile. In mid-1925, she was invited to represent Latin America in the newly formed Institute for Intellectual Cooperation of the [[League of Nations]]. In early 1926, she relocated to France, effectively becoming an exile for the rest of her life. Initially, she made a living through journalism and giving lectures in the United States and Latin America, including [[Puerto Rico]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Brazil]], [[Uruguay]], and [[Argentina]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Gazarian-Gautier |first=Marie-Lise |title=Gabriela Mistral: The Audacious Traveler |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-89680-230-8 |editor-last=Agosín |editor-first=Marjorie |location=Athens |page=270 |chapter=The Walking Geography of Gabriela Mistral}}</ref>

Between 1926 and 1932, Mistral primarily resided in [[France]] and [[Italy]]. During this period, she worked for the League for Intellectual Cooperation of the League of Nations, attending conferences throughout Europe and the Americas. She held a visiting professorship at [[Barnard College]] of [[Columbia University]] in 1930–1931, briefly worked at [[Middlebury College]] and [[Vassar College]] in 1931, and received a warm reception at the [[University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus|University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras]], where she gave conferences and wrote in 1931, 1932, and 1933.

Like many Latin American artists and intellectuals, Mistral served as a [[Consul (representative)|consul]] from 1932 until her death, working in various locations including [[Naples]], Madrid, [[Lisbon]], [[Nice]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Petrópolis]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], [[Veracruz]], [[Rapallo]], and New York City. While serving as consul in Madrid, she had occasional professional interactions with fellow Chilean consul and Nobel Prize recipient Pablo Neruda. Mistral was among the early writers to recognize the importance and originality of Neruda's work, which she had known since he was a teenager and she was a school director in his hometown of Temuco.

Mistral published hundreds of articles in magazines and newspapers throughout the [[Hispanophone|Spanish-speaking world]]. She had notable confidants such as [[Eduardo Santos Montejo|Eduardo Santos]], [[President of Colombia]], all the elected Presidents of Chile from 1922 to her death in 1957, [[Eduardo Frei Montalva]] (who would be elected president in 1964), and [[Eleanor Roosevelt]].

Her second major volume of poetry, ''Tala'', was published in 1938<ref name="nobel" /> in [[Buenos Aires]] with the assistance of her longtime friend and correspondent [[Victoria Ocampo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2020 |title=Gabriela Mistral: Noble Poetess |url=https://www.tvhs.org/post/gabriela-mistral-noble-poetess |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=The Three Village Historical Society}}</ref> The proceeds from the sale were dedicated to children orphaned by the [[Spanish Civil War]]. This volume contains poems that celebrate the customs and folklore of Latin America and [[Southern Europe|Mediterranean Europe]], reflecting Mistral's identification as "una [[Mestizo|mestiza]] de [[Basques|vasco]]," acknowledging her European Basque-Indigenous Amerindian background.

On 14 August 1943, Mistral's 17-year-old nephew, Juan Miguel Godoy, whom she considered as a son and called Yin Yin, tragically took his own life. The grief from this loss, along with her responses to the tensions of [[World War II]] and the [[Cold War]] in Europe and the Americas, are reflected in her last volume of poetry published during her lifetime, ''Lagar'', which appeared in a truncated form in 1954. Her partner [[Doris Dana]] edited and published a final volume of poetry, ''Poema de Chile'', posthumously in 1967. ''Poema de Chile'' depicts the poet's return to Chile after death, accompanied by an [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indian]] boy from the [[Atacama Desert|Atacama desert]] and an Andean deer, the [[Hippocamelus|huemul]]. This collection of poetry foreshadows the interest in objective description and re-vision of the epic tradition that would emerge among poets of the Americas, all of whom Mistral carefully read.[[File:MistralEarlyChildhoodCenter.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Gabriela Mistral Early Childhood Center in [[Houston]].<ref name="SchoolHistoriesHoustonISD">"[http://www.houstonisd.org/HISDConnectDS/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=0afe09c28afc3110VgnVCM10000028147fa6RCRD&vgnextchannel=2e2b2f796138c010VgnVCM10000052147fa6RCRD School Histories: the Stories Behind the Names] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710153727/http://www.houstonisd.org/HISDConnectDS/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=0afe09c28afc3110VgnVCM10000028147fa6RCRD&vgnextchannel=2e2b2f796138c010VgnVCM10000052147fa6RCRD|date=July 10, 2011}}." [[Houston Independent School District]]. Retrieved on 24 September 2008.</ref>]]On 15 November 1945, Mistral became the first Latin American and the fifth woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. [[Gustaf V|King Gustav]] of [[Sweden]] presented her with the award in person on 10 December 1945. In 1947, she received an honorary doctorate from [[Mills College at Northeastern University|Mills College]] in [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], [[California]]. In 1951, she was awarded the National Literature Prize in Chile.<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[File:Gabiela Mistral con Santiago Martinez Delgado.jpg|thumb|right|Gabriela Mistral with Master [[Santiago Martínez Delgado]] at [[Columbia University]] in NY, probably October 1930.]] -->

Poor health limited Mistral's travel in her final years. She resided in the town of [[Roslyn, New York]], and then transferred to [[Hempstead, New York]], where she died from [[pancreatic cancer]] on 10 January 1957 at the age of 67. Her remains were returned to Chile nine days later, and the Chilean government declared three days of [[National day of mourning|national mourning]], with hundreds of thousands of mourners paying their respects.

Some of Mistral's best-known poems include ''Piececitos de Niño'', ''Balada'', ''Todas Íbamos a ser Reinas'', ''La Oración de la Maestra'', ''El Ángel Guardián'', ''Decálogo del Artista'', and ''La Flor del Aire''. She also wrote and published approximately 800 essays in magazines and newspapers. Mistral was renowned as a [[correspondent]] and highly regarded orator, both in person and through radio broadcasts.

Mistral may be most widely quoted in English for ''Su Nombre es Hoy'' ("His Name is Today"):
{{blockquote|''We are guilty of many errors and many faults, but our worst crime is abandoning the children, neglecting the fountain of life. Many of the things we need can wait. The child cannot. Right now is the time his bones are being formed, his blood is being made, and his senses are being developed. To him we cannot answer ‘Tomorrow,’ his name is today.''}}

==Characteristics of her work==

Mistral's work incorporates gray tones and conveys recurring feelings of sadness and bitterness, reflecting her difficult childhood marked by deprivation and a lack of affection at home. Despite this, her writings also reveal her deep affection for children, which she developed during her early years as a teacher in a rural school. Catholicism, a significant influence in Mistral's life, is also evident in her literature; however, she maintains a neutral stance toward religion. Her writing skillfully combines religious themes with emotions of love and piety, solidifying her position as one of the most esteemed representatives of Latin American literature in the 20th century.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Dinamarca, Salvador |year=2018|title= Gabriela Mistral y su Obra Poética |jstor=334596|volume= 41|issue=1|pages=48–50|journal=Hispania|doi=10.2307/334596 }}</ref>

== Death, posthumous tributes and legacy ==
During the 1970s and 1980s, the [[Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–90)|military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet]] appropriated Gabriela Mistral's image, portraying her as a symbol of "submission to authority" and "social order."<ref name="Tiempo">{{cite news |date=7 June 2003 |title=Gabriela Mistral: poeta y lesbiana |work=El Tiempo |url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-995948 |access-date=23 June 2017}}</ref> Author Licia Fiol-Matta challenged the traditional views of Mistral as a saint-like [[Celibacy|celibate]] and suffering heterosexual woman, suggesting that she was a [[lesbian]] instead. In 2007, after the death of Mistral's alleged last romantic partner, Doris Dana, her archive was discovered, containing letters exchanged between Mistral and various occasional female lovers. The publication of these letters in the book ''Niña errante'' (2007), edited by Pedro Pablo Zegers, supported the notion of a long-lasting romantic relationship between Mistral and Dana during Mistral's final years. The letters were later translated into English by Velma García and published by the [[University of New Mexico Press]] in 2018.
Despite these claims, Doris Dana, who was 31 years younger than Mistral, explicitly denied in her final interview that their relationship was ever romantic or erotic, describing it as that of a stepmother and stepdaughter. Dana also denied being a lesbian and expressed skepticism regarding Mistral's sexual orientation.

Mistral suffered from [[diabetes]] and heart problems, and she ultimately died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 67 on 10 January 1957,<ref name=":0" /> in Hempstead Hospital on Long Island, New York, with Doris Dana by her side.

On 7 April 2015, [[Google]] commemorated Gabriela Mistral's 126th birthday, honoring the Chilean poet and educator with a special [[Google Doodle|doodle]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabriela Mistral's 126th Birthday |url=https://doodles.google/doodle/gabriela-mistrals-126th-birthday/ |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=www.google.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Themes ==
Gabriela Mistral has greatly influenced Latin American poetry. In a powerful speech by Swedish writer [[Hjalmar Gullberg]], a member of the [[Swedish Academy]], he provided insights into the perspective and emotions of Gabriela Mistral. Gullberg discussed how the language of [[troubadour]]s, once unintelligible to Frédéric Mistral's own mother, became the language of poetry.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1945/summary/ |access-date=19 November 2018 |website=The Nobel Prize}}</ref> This language continued to thrive with the birth of Gabriela Mistral, whose voice shook the world and opened the eyes and ears of those willing to listen.

Gullberg noted that after experiencing the suicide of her first love, Gabriela Mistral emerged as a poet whose words spread across [[South America]] and beyond. While little is known about her first love, his death influenced Mistral's poems, which often explored themes of death, despair, and possibly a resentment towards [[God]]. Her collection of poems titled ''Desolación'', inspired by the loss of her first love and later the death of a beloved nephew, impacted many others. The fifteenth poem in ''Desolación'' expressed sorrow for the loss of a child and resonated with those who experienced the pain of losing loved ones.

However, Gabriela Mistral's books do not solely focus on themes of death, desolation, and loss. She also explored themes of love and motherhood, not only in relation to her beloved railroad employee and nephew but also in her interactions with the children she taught. Her collection of songs and rounds, titled ''Ternura'', reflects her love for the children in her school. Published in Madrid in 1924, these heartfelt words were embraced by four thousand Mexican children who sang them as a tribute to Mistral. Her dedication to her children earned her the title of the Poet of Motherhood.<ref name=":1" />

Having lived through two world wars and other violent conflicts, Mistral's experiences paved the way for her third major collection, ''Tala'' (meaning "ravage" according to Gullberg). ''Tala'' encompasses a blend of sacred hymns, simple songs for children, and poems that touch on subjects like water, corn, salt, and wine. Gullberg pays homage to Mistral, acknowledging her as the great singer of sorrow and motherhood in Latin America. Mistral's collections of poems and songs beautifully express her care for children and the sorrows she endured as a teacher and poet in Latin America. Every word in her work evokes themes of sorrow and motherhood.<ref name=":1" />

==Awards and honors==
*1914: [[Juegos Florales]], ''[[Sonetos de la Muerte]]''
*1945: [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Gabriela Mistral : the audacious traveler |publisher=[[Ohio University Press]] |others=Ana Pizzaro, Darrell B. Lockhart, Diana Anhalt, Elizabeth Horan, Emma Sepulveda, Eugenia Muoz, Gordon Vailakis, Jonathan Cohen, Joseph R. Slaughter, Louis Vargas Saavedra, Marie-Lise Gazarian-Gautier, Patricia Rubio, Randall Couch, Santiago Daydi-Tolson, Veronica Darer |year=2003 |isbn=9780896802308 |location=Athens |pages=314 |language=en}}</ref>
*1951: [[Chilean National Prize for Literature]]

The Venezuelan writer and diplomat who worked under the name [[Lucila Palacios]] took her nom de plume in honour of Mistral's original name.<ref name=name>Tomado de los Libros: "¿Qué Celebramos Hoy?" de Vinicio Romero Martínez y Segunda edición "Dicionario de Historia de Venezuela". Fundación Polar. 4.º tomo. Segunda edición</ref>

==Works==

* 1914: ''[[Sonetos de la Muerte|Sonetos de la muerte]]'' ("Sonnets of Death")<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1945/mistral-bio.html "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945/Gabriela Mistral/Biography"], at the Nobel Prize website. Retrieved 22 September 2010.</ref>
* 1922: ''Desolación'' ("Despair"), including "Decalogo del artista", New York : Instituto de las Españas<ref name=gmnpl>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1945/mistral-bibl.html "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945/Gabriela Mistral/Bibliography"], Nobel Prize website. Retrieved 22 September 2010.</ref>
* 1923: ''Lecturas para Mujeres'' ("Readings for Women")<ref name=stgm>Tapscott, Stephen, ed. (2002) [https://books.google.com/books?id=IpnepoeQDIoC ''Selected prose and prose-poems By Gabriela Mistral''], page x, University of Texas Press, {{ISBN|0-292-75260-1}}</ref>
* 1924: ''Ternura: canciones de niños'', Madrid: Saturnino Calleja<ref name="gmnpl"/>
* 1934: ''Nubes Blancas y Breve Descripción de Chile'' (1934)
* 1938: ''Tala'' ("Harvesting"<ref name=tclap>Tapscott, Stephen, editor, [https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury00step/page/79 <!-- quote=Gabriela Mistral "Decalogo del artista". --> ''Twentieth-Century Latin American Poetry: A Bilingual Anthology''], p 79, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996 (2003, fifth paperback printing), {{ISBN|0-292-78140-7}}</ref>), Buenos Aires: Sur<ref name=gmnpl/>
* 1941: ''Antología: Selección de Gabriela Mistral'', Santiago, Chile: Zig Zag<ref name=gmf>[http://www.gabrielamistralfoundation.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=190 "Bibliografia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911013105/http://www.gabrielamistralfoundation.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=190 |date=11 September 2020 }}, at the Gabriela Mistral Foundation website. Retrieved 22 September 2010.</ref>
* 1952: ''Los sonetos de la muerte y otros poemas elegíacos'', Santiago, Chile: Philobiblion<ref name="gmnpl"/>
* 1954: ''Lagar'', Santiago, Chile
* 1957: ''Recados: Contando a Chile'', Santiago, Chile: Editorial del Pacífico<ref name="gmnpl"/>''Croquis mexicanos; Gabriela Mistral en México'', México City: Costa-Amic<ref name="gmnpl"/>
* 1958: ''Poesías completas'', Madrid : Aguilar<ref name="gmnpl"/>
* 1967: ''Poema de Chile'' ("Poem of Chile"), published posthumously<ref>[http://cvc.cervantes.es/actcult/mistral/cronologia/1946_1967.htm "Gabriela Mistral/Cronologia 1946–1967"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901070326/http://cvc.cervantes.es/actcult/mistral/cronologia/1946_1967.htm |date=2010-09-01 }}, at the Centro Virtual Cervantes website. Retrieved 22 September 2010.</ref>
* 1992: ''Lagar II'', published posthumously, Santiago, Chile: Biblioteca Nacional<ref>Horan, Elizabeth (1997) "Gabriela Mistral" article, "Selected Works" section, p. 557, in Smith, Verity, editor, [https://books.google.com/books?id=bFdc24rnt_IC ''Encyclopedia of Latin American literature''], Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. {{ISBN|9780203304365}}</ref>

==Works translated into other languages==

===English===
Several selections of Mistral's poetry have been published in English translation, including those by [[Doris Dana]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dana |first1=Doris |title=Selected poems of Gabriela Mistral |date=1971 |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press |isbn=978-0801811975 |url=https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_k8y6 |url-access=registration |access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref>
[[Langston Hughes]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=Langston |title=Selected Poems of Gabriela Mistral |date=1957 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1945/mistral/bibliography/ |access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref>
and [[Ursula K. Le Guin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Le Guin |first1=Ursula |title=Selected Poems of Gabriela Mistral |date=August 2003 |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |isbn=978-0826328182 |url=http://www.ursulakleguin.com/Mistral.html |access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref>
* ''Selected Poems of Gabriela Mistral'', trans. [[Langston Hughes]] (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1957)
* ''Selected poems of Gabriela Mistral'', trans. [[Doris Dana]] (Johns Hopkins Press, 1971), ISBN 978-0801811975
* ''Selected Poems of Gabriela Mistral'', trans.  [[Ursula K. Le Guin|Ursula Le Guin]] (University of New Mexico Press, 2003), ISBN 978-0826328182
* ''Madwomen: The'' Locas mujeres ''Poems of Gabriela Mistral,'' trans. Randall Couch (University of Chicago Press, 2008, paper 2009), {{ISBN|978-0-226-53191-5}}
* ''Gabriela Mistral: This Far Place'', trans. [[John Gallas]], Contemplative Poetry 8 (Oxford: SLG Press, 2023), ISBN 978-0728303409
Two editions of her first book of poems, ''Desolación'', have been translated into English and appear in bilingual volumes.
*''Desolation: A Bilingual Edition of Desolación (1923)'', trans. [[Michael P. Predmore]] and [[Liliana Baltra]] (Pittsburgh: Latin American Literary Review Press, 2014), ISBN 9781891270246
* ''Desolación (1922): Centennial Bilingual Edition'', trans. [[Inés Bellina]], [[Anne Freeland]], and [[Alejandra Quintana Arocho]], (New York: Sundial House, Columbia University Press, 2023), ISBN 9798987926437

===Nepali===
Some of Mistral's poems are translated into [[Nepali language|Nepali]] by [[Suman Pokhrel]], and collected in an anthology titled ''Manpareka Kehi Kavita''.<ref name="Manpareka 1">{{cite book|last1=Akhmatova|first1=Anna|author-link1=Anna Akhmatova|last2=Świrszczyńska|first2=Anna|author-link2=Anna Świrszczyńska|last3=Ginsberg |first3= Allen |author-link3=Allen Ginsberg|last4=Agustini |first4=Delmira |author-link4=Delmira Agustini|last5= Farrokhzad |first5=Forough |author-link5=Forough Farrokhzad|last6= Mistral |first6=Gabriela|author-link6=Gabriela Mistral| last7= Jacques |first7=Jacques |author-link7=Jacques Prévert|last8=Mahmoud |first8= Mahmoud|author-link8=Mahmoud Darwish| last9=Al-Malaika |first9= Nazik|author-link9= Nazik Al-Malaika|last10=Hikmet |first10=Nazim|author-link10=Nazim Hikmet|last11=Qabbani |first11= Nizar|author-link11=Nizar Qabbani| last12=Paz |first12=Octavio |author-link12=Octavio Paz| last13=Neruda |first13= Pablo |author-link13=Pablo Neruda|last14=Plath |first14=Sylvia |author-link14=Sylvia Plath|last15=Amichai |first15=Yehuda|author-link15=Yehuda Amichai|translator-last1=Pokhrel|translator-first1=Suman|translator-link1=Suman Pokhrel|year=2018|title=Manpareka Kehi Kavita|script-title=ne:मनपरेका केही कविता|trans-title=Some Poems of My Choice|language=ne|edition=First|location=Kathmandu|publisher=Shikha Books|publication-date=2018|pages=174}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|script-title=ne:अनुवादमा 'मनपरेका केही कविता'|trans-title=Manpareka Kehi Kavita in Translation |first1=Geeta|last1=Tripathi|publisher=Kalashree |pages=358–359|year=2018|issue=7}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Chile|Biography|Poetry}}
* [[Barnard College]], repository for part of Mistral's personal library, given by [[Doris Dana]] in 1978.
* [[List of female Nobel laureates]]
* [[NGC 3324]], together with IC 2599 known as the Gabriela Mistral Nebula
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://irabotee.com/gabriela-mistral/ bengali translation Gabriela Mistral by moom rahman]
{{commons and category|Gabriela Mistral}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooksby=yes|viaf=44311414}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080422091057/http://www.legadodegabrielamistral.cl/ Gabriela Mistral's heritage] {{in lang|es}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* [http://www.poetseers.org/nobel-prize-for-literature/gabriela-mistral-1945/ Life and Poetry of Gabriela Mistral]
* {{Nobelprize}}
* [http://gabrielamistralfoundation.org/ Gabriela Mistral Foundation]
* [https://mir-es.com/ne.php?g=mistral Gabriela Mistral Poems]
* [http://noblib.internet-box.ch/NLEW.php?authorid=40 List of Works]
* [http://www.gabrielamistral.uchile.cl/ Gabriela Mistral – University of Chile] {{in lang|es}}
* [http://www.hiru.com/es/literatura/literatura_08450.html/ About her Basque origin] {{in lang|es}}
* [http://www.memoriachilena.cl/602/w3-article-3429.html Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957) – Memoria Chilena]
* [https://www.loc.gov/item/93842712/ Gabriela Mistral reads eighteen poems from her collected volumes: Ternura, Lagar, and Tala]. Recorded at Library of Congress, [http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/ Hispanic Division] on 12 December 1950. 
* {{PM20}}
* [https://txarchives.org/utlac/finding_aids/00081.xml Gabriela Mistral Papers, 1911–1949]
* {{Librivox author |id=18279}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Nobel Prize in Literature}}
{{1945 Nobel Prize winners}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mistral, Gabriela}}
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Elqui Province]]
[[Category:Chilean people of Basque descent]]
[[Category:Chilean people of Diaguita descent]]
[[Category:Chilean women diplomats]]
[[Category:Chilean diplomats]]
[[Category:Chilean emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Chilean Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Chilean schoolteachers]]
[[Category:Mestizo writers]]
[[Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Literature]]
[[Category:People from Roslyn Harbor, New York]]
[[Category:People from Hempstead (village), New York]]
[[Category:Women Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:National Prize for Literature (Chile) winners]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous women writers]]
[[Category:Postmodern writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Chilean women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Chilean poets]]
[[Category:Chilean women poets]]
[[Category:Columbia University faculty]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:Chilean academics]]
[[Category:Chilean Anti-Francoists]]