Editing Fusion cuisine

{{Short description|Food combining multiple culinary traditions}}
[[Image:Gobi manchurian.jpg|thumb|[[Manchurian (dish)|Gobi Manchurian]] is an [[Indian Chinese cuisine|Indian–Chinese fusion dish]], consisting of fried [[cauliflower]]. The dish is popular throughout India and [[Indian cuisine|Indian restaurants]] as well as South Asian restaurants around the world.]]
[[Image:salmon rice roll.JPG|thumb|Example of a fusion dish: combination of [[smoked salmon]] wrapped in [[rice paper]], with [[avocado]], [[cucumber]] and [[crab stick]]s]]
'''Fusion cuisine''' is a cuisine that combines elements of different [[cuisine|culinary traditions]] that originate from different countries, regions, or cultures. Cuisines of this type are not categorized according to any one particular cuisine style and have played a part in many contemporary restaurant cuisines since the 1970s.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news | first=Robert | last= Lindsey| url= https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E02E0DD1F38F93BA2575BC0A963948260&sec=travel&pagewanted=print | title= California grows her own cuisine | newspaper=New York Times | date= 1985-08-18 }}</ref>

The term fusion cuisine, added to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' in 2002, is defined as "a style of cookery which blends ingredients and methods of preparation from different countries, regions, or ethnic groups; food cooked in this style."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home : Oxford English Dictionary |url=https://www.oed.com/start;jsessionid=488D69B862DC69B0F85A03017DA734FB?authRejection=true&url=%2Fview%2FEntry%2F75786%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfus%2520ion%2Bcuisine |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=www.oed.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212172845/https://www.oed.com/start;jsessionid=488D69B862DC69B0F85A03017DA734FB?authRejection=true&url=%2Fview%2FEntry%2F75786%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfus%2520ion%2Bcuisine |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Categories==
[[File:03368jfNagwaling Diwa National Roads Welcome Pilar Bataanfvf 26.JPG|thumb|''[[Pancit palabok]]'' in [[Filipino cuisine]], combines [[rice noodle]]s and [[tofu]] from [[Chinese cuisine|China]] with native [[tinapa|smoked fish]] flakes in a shrimp sauce dyed bright orange with [[annatto]] seeds from [[Mexican cuisine|Mexico]] and garnished with crushed ''[[chicharon]]'' from [[Spanish cuisine|Spain]]. It is served spritzed with native [[calamansi]].]]
Fusion food is created by combining various cooking techniques from different cultures to produce a new type of cuisine. Although it is commonly invented by chefs, fusion cuisine can occur naturally. Cuisines which get fused can either come from a particular region (such as [[East Asian cuisine]] and [[European cuisine]]), sub-region (such as [[Cuisine of the Southwestern United States|Southwestern American cuisine]] and [[New Mexican cuisine]]) or a country (such as [[Chinese cuisine]], [[Japanese cuisine]], [[Korean cuisine]], [[French cuisine]], [[Italian cuisine]]).

Asian fusion restaurants which combine the various cuisines of different Asian countries have become popular in many parts of the United States, United Kingdom and Australia. Often featured are [[List of cuisines#Cuisines of East Asia|East Asian]], [[List of cuisines#Cuisines of Southeast Asia|Southeast Asian]], and [[South Asian cuisine|South Asian]] dishes alongside one another and offering dishes that are inspired combinations of such cuisines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asian-nation.org/asian-food.shtml |title=Asian Cuisine & Foods : Asian-Nation :: Asian American History, Demographics, & Issues |publisher=Asian-Nation |access-date=2017-11-30}}</ref> [[California cuisine]] is considered a fusion culture, taking inspiration particularly from [[Italian cuisine|Italy]], [[French cuisine|France]], [[Mexican cuisine|Mexico]], the idea of the European [[delicatessen]], and East Asia, and then creating traditional dishes from these cultures with non-traditional ingredients – such as [[California pizza]]. In Australia, due to immigration, fusion cuisine is being reinvented and is becoming increasingly the norm at numerous cafes and restaurants, with Asian-fusion restaurants like [[Tetsuya's]] in Sydney ranking highly in [[The World's 50 Best Restaurants]].<ref>{{cite web|title=World Food Cuisines|url=https://worldfoodcuisines.blogspot.com/|access-date= 16 Nov 2016}}</ref>

In the United Kingdom, [[fish and chips]] can be seen as an early fusion dish due to its marrying of ingredients stemming from [[Jewish cuisine|Jewish]], [[French cuisine|French]], and [[Belgian cuisine|Belgian]] cuisines.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Black|first1=Les|title=New Ethnicities And Urban Cult|date=1996|publisher=Routledge|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1-85728-251-1|page=15}}<!--|access-date=28 March 2016--></ref><ref name=alexander>{{cite news|last=Alexander |first=James |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8419026.stm |title=The unlikely origin of fish and chips |work=BBC News |date=18 December 2009 |access-date=16 July 2013}}</ref>

[[Filipino cuisine]] is sometimes characterized as the "original Asian fusion cuisine", combining native culinary traditions and ingredients with the very different cuisines of China, Spain, Malaysia, Thailand and Mongolia, among others, due to its unique [[History of the Philippines|colonial history]].<ref name="halpern">{{cite news |last1=Halpern |first1=Sue |last2=McKibben |first2=Bill |title=Filipino Cuisine Was Asian Fusion Before "Asian Fusion" Existed |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/filipino-cuisine-asian-fusion-180954947/ |access-date=16 December 2018 |work=Smithsonian Magazine |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |date=May 2015}}</ref> [[Malaysian cuisine|Food]] in Malaysia (also [[Indonesia]]) is another example of fusion cuisine which blends [[Malay cuisine|Malay]], [[Javanese cuisine|Javanese]], [[Malaysian Chinese cuisine|Chinese]] and [[Malaysian Indian cuisine|Indian]] and light influences from [[Thai cuisine|Thai]], [[Portuguese cuisine|Portuguese]], [[Dutch cuisine|Dutch]], and [[British cuisine]]s.<ref>{{cite web| title=Asia's original fusion food| publisher= Mark C O'Flaherty| access-date=2012-07-06| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/asia/asias-original-fusion-food-8690141.html}}</ref> [[Oceanic cuisine]] combines the different cuisines of the various [[Pacific Islands|island nations]].<ref>{{cite web| title=What is Fusion Cuisine?| publisher=Wise Geek| access-date=2012-05-31| url=http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-fusion-cuisine.htm}}</ref>

== Types ==
Another form of fusion food can be created by utilizing ingredients and flavors from one culture to create a unique twist on a dish from the different cultures. For example, a [[taco pizza]] is a type of [[pizza]] created using [[taco]] ingredients such as [[Cheddar cheese|cheddar]] and [[Monterey Jack|pepper jack cheese]], [[Salsa (Mexican cuisine)|salsa]], [[refried beans]], and other common taco ingredients, fusing both Italian and Mexican cuisines.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taco Pizza Recipe |url=http://allrecipes.com/recipe/taco-pizza/ |access-date=2012-05-31 |publisher=All Recipes}}</ref>

Similar approaches have been used for [[sushi|fusion sushi]], such as rolling [[Makizushi|maki]] with different types of rice and ingredients such as [[curry]] and [[basmati]] rice, cheese and salsa with [[Spanish rice]], or spiced ground [[Lamb and mutton|lamb]] and [[caper]]s rolled with Greek-style rice and grape leaves, which resembles inside-out [[dolma]]des. Some fusion cuisines have themselves become accepted as a national cuisine, as with [[Japanese Peruvians|Peruvian Nikkei]] cuisine, which combines Japanese spices and seasonings and Peruvian ingredients like [[Capsicum baccatum|ají]] with seafood. A quintessential Peruvian Nikkei dish is "maki acevichado" or "ceviche roll", consisting of [[ceviche]] with [[avocado]] rolled into maki.<ref name="Takenaka">{{cite journal |last1=Takenaka |first1=Ayumi |date=2017 |title=Immigrant integration through food: Nikkei cuisine in Peru |journal=Contemporary Japan |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=117–131 |doi=10.1080/18692729.2017.1351022 |s2cid=134330815}}</ref>

Saudi Arabia has been investing in resources to preserve their culture. In [[Jeddah]], different cultures from Africa and Asia have used the combination of Saudi Arabia's spices to create new fusion foods found throughout the region and the country.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Radke |first1=Heather |last2=Al-Senan |first2=Maha |date=2015 |title=Fusion Cuisine and Bedouin Handcraft: the Transformative Power of Heritage Preservation in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/tph.2015.37.2.89 |journal=The Public Historian |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=89–96 |doi=10.1525/tph.2015.37.2.89 |jstor=10.1525/tph.2015.37.2.89 |issn=0272-3433}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Red roast duck curry.jpg|thumb|''Kaeng phet pet yang'' (Thai roast duck curry) is an example of early fusion cuisine of the [[Multiculturalism|cosmopolitan]] court of the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]], combining [[Thai cuisine|Thai]] red curry, Chinese roast duck, and grapes originally from [[Persia]].]]
[[File:Ethiopian cuisine fusion.jpg|thumb|Traditional Ethiopian cuisine blended with Texas-style barbeque, including pork, smoked brisket, and [[Texas toast]]]]
Fusion cuisine has existed for millennia as a form of cross-cultural exchange, though the term was only defined in the late 1900s. Mixtures of different cultures' cuisines have been adapted since the 16th century.

=== Colonialism ===
A lasting legacy of colonialism is fusion food. Colonial trade resulted in the exchange of ingredients, such as [[bánh mì]] originating from French ingredients used in [[French Indochina]], [[Jamaican patty|Jamaican patties]] combining the [[Turnover (food)|turnover]] with spices and peppers from the [[British Empire]]'s possessions in Asia and Africa, and [[ramen]] originating as "''shina soba''" or "Chinese noodle" from the [[Empire of Japan]]'s occupation of China's island territories in the late 1800s and early 1900s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Smithsonian |title=Sorry, Wolfgang, Fusion Foods Have Been With Us for Centuries |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/sorry-wolfgang-fusion-foods-have-been-with-us-for-centuries-17238814/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2015-12-04 |title=The History of Fusion Cuisine |url=https://exquisite-taste-magazine.com/the-history-of-fusion-cuisine/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Exquisite Taste |language=en-US}}</ref> Indigenous domestic servants were active participants in creating fusion foods by mixing ingredients and techniques.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cox |first=Rosie |date=September 2013 |title=Food Culture in Colonial Asia: A Taste of Empire |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10357823.2013.823845 |journal=Asian Studies Review |language=en |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=402–403 |doi=10.1080/10357823.2013.823845 |issn=1035-7823}}</ref>

Alongside the creation of new dishes, colonialism also introduced class dimensions of food as [[cultural capital]] that modified consumption patterns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colonization, Food, and the Practice of Eating – Food Empowerment Project |url=https://foodispower.org/our-food-choices/colonization-food-and-the-practice-of-eating/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Indigenous practices of eating guinea pigs in Peru were banned and considered savage until recent movements to reclaim food practices, resulting in the erasure of much traditional knowledge in indigenous communities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=defrance |first=Susan D. |date=January 2006 |title=The Sixth Toe: The Modern Culinary Role of the Guinea Pig In Southern Peru |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07409710500334517 |journal=Food and Foodways |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=3–34 |doi=10.1080/07409710500334517 |issn=0740-9710}}</ref> These hierarchies are argued to be present in modern fusion food, which has been criticised for being portrayed as European cuisines 'elevating' other cuisines into modernity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Janer |first=Zilkia |date=March 2007 |title=(IN)EDIBLE NATURE: New world food and coloniality |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09502380601162597 |journal=Cultural Studies |language=en |volume=21 |issue=2–3 |pages=385–405 |doi=10.1080/09502380601162597 |issn=0950-2386}}</ref> Colonial debates also extend into discourse about the authenticity of foods such as [[Orientalism|orientalist]] critiques of [[Migrants' food consumption|immigrant food]] being gentrified as ‘ethnic’ food.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=Why we need to stop calling immigrant food 'ethnic' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/food-gentrification-ethnic-cuisine-immigrant-chefs-critics-stop-calling-anthony-bourdain-krishendu-ray-a7957051.html |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref>

=== Adaptation to local palates ===
In a climate of increasing globalization, where cultures and cuisines frequently cross-borders, cooking and food evolves to cater to the palates of the local communities, a phenomenon known as "glocalization", a [[Blend word|portmanteau]] of "localization" and "globalization".” Fusion cuisine is sometimes created by multinational restaurants, especially fast food chains. A primary example of this corporate globalized expansion is in the case of [[McDonald's]] regional menus which are adapted to "reflect different tastes and local traditions for every country in which we have restaurants".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why is the McDonald's menu different in different countries? |url=https://www.mcdonalds.com/gb/en-gb/help/faq/why-is-the-mcdonald-s-menu-different-in-different-countries.html |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=www.mcdonalds.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> In addition to catering to the regional food traditions, McDonald's also takes an additional consideration for religious beliefs and laws, as seen in the absence of beef and pork items on [[International availability of McDonald's products|Indian menus.]]

Beyond accounting for the cultural or religious differences in cuisine, some fusion foods have also been created to fit the taste preferences of local communities when ethnic or cultural foods from abroad were introduced. A hallmark example of this adaptation is in the popular sushi roll, the [[California roll]], which was created in America in the latter half of the 20th-century. A popular myth behind its composition containing crab, vegetables, and rice on the exterior cites the American aversion to foreign ingredients such as raw fish and seaweed.

These adjustments to foreign cuisines have both corporate and historical origins. In the example of McDonald's, the creation of regional menus can be seen as an economic choice to cater to the local palates and traditions. Another example of popularized fusion foods is the Korean stew ''[[budae-jjigae]]'', which was created by combining American ingredients of [[Spam (food)|Spam]], Vienna sausages, and sliced cheese, in a ''[[kimchi stew]]'' in the wake of the Korean War during which American tastes and influence were prevalent in Korea.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hong |first=Ashley |date=2021-01-01 |title=Korean Fusion: Consuming a Globalized Korea Through Food and Music |url=https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses/566 |journal=Honors Theses}}</ref>

=== Role of immigration ===
Immigrants play a significant role in shaping modern fusion cuisine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-06 |title=Beyond the 'shame' narrative: How immigrants express culture through food |url=https://thevarsity.ca/2021/12/05/how-immigrants-express-culture-through-food/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=The Varsity |language=en-US}}</ref>  Food can often be a form of cultural expression that fosters a relationship with one's heritage, and fusion can emerge from creating foods from immigrant's adaptation of their own cultural food to the ingredients available in the host country or region. Immigrants may adapt the use of their cultural ingredients to local culinary traditions. For example, Vietnamese immigrants in the Southern United States used Vietnamese condiments in traditionally Creole cuisine, while adhering to [[Cuisine of the Southern United States|Southern cooking methods]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chen |first=Natasha |date=2023-05-13 |title=These Asian fusion cuisines tell an American story |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/asian-american-fusion-food-korean-bbq-viet-cajun-cec/index.html |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Similarly, the establishment of [[American Chinese cuisine]] has origins in Chinese-owned small businesses in American [[American ghettos|ghettos]] and [[Chinatowns in the United States|Chinatowns]], with many of these restaurants responsible for the adaptation of Chinese cuisine to American paletes.

Immigrants may also adapt their cultural flavors to the availability of ingredients in the host country: [[Indian Chinese cuisine|Indian-Chinese cuisine]] shaped by Chinese immigrants to [[British Raj|British-ruled India]] often uses Indian spice and flavor profiles such as [[garam masala]] and [[turmeric]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sankar |first=Amal |date=2017-12-01 |title=Creation of Indian–Chinese cuisine: Chinese food in an Indian city |journal=Journal of Ethnic Foods |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=268–273 |doi=10.1016/j.jef.2017.10.002 |issn=2352-6181|doi-access=free }}</ref> As such, immigrant-founded fusion cuisines also play a role in shaping food culture in the host country by introducing new flavors and ingredients.

Indian-Chinese cuisine is an example of how gradual migration and exchange across shared [[Border|international borders]] contributes to fusion cuisine. Similar cases are [[Korean Chinese cuisine|Sino-Korean]] food emerging from Chinese diasporas in Korea and shared borders between Korea and Northeastern China, and [[Mexican-American cuisine]] influenced by Mexican immigration to the Southwest United States that combines [[Mexican cuisine|Mexican]], [[Indigenous cuisine of the Americas|Native American]], and European flavors.  

The convergence of two or more immigrant groups in a different host country can also lead to the emergence of fusion cuisines. [[History of Chinese Americans|Chinese]] and [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latin]] American immigrants to the United States have collaboratively founded fusion restaurants, serving dishes such as [[Dumpling|Chinese dumplings]] filled with [[Cochinita pibil|traditional slow-roasted pork]] from the Yucatàn Peninsula.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-25 |title=Mexican-Chinese Food |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/test-kitchen/ingredients/article/mexican-chinese-food |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=Bon Appétit |language=en-US}}</ref> In the United States, Asian fusion cuisine can constitute pan-Asian multi-ethnic ingredients such as rice, leading to a newfound form of "American" Asian food unfound in Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-21 |title=Asian Fusion Cuisine and the Tug and Pull of Foreign Identity |url=https://brownpoliticalreview.org/2017/02/asian-fusion-cuisine-tug-pull-foreign-identity/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=Brown Political Review |language=en-US}}</ref> One popular example of pan-Asian fusion food found in North America is the rice bowl, often with ingredients commonly used together in Asia such as garlic with chili, stir-fried vegetables with tofu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pan-Asian Fried Rice |url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/pan-asian-fried-rice-recipe-2013012 |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=Food Network |language=en}}</ref> This illustrates the dynamic process between fusion food and its relationship with intercultural solidarity, influenced by both local and other immigrant cultures.

=== Modern fusion food ===
Japanese cooking techniques were combined with French techniques in 1970s France to create [[nouvelle cuisine]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fusion Cuisine {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/food/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/fusion-cuisine |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref>

[[Wolfgang Puck]] is attributed as one of the pioneers of fusion cuisine, with some dispute.<ref name=":0" /> However, his restaurant ''Chinois on Main'' was named after the term attributed to Richard Wing, who in the 1960s combined French and Chinese cooking at the former [[Imperial Dynasty (restaurant)|Imperial Dynasty]] restaurant in [[Hanford, California]].<ref name="NPR">{{cite news |last=Khokha |first=Sasha |date=2005-07-15 |title=In Rural California, an Imperial Dynasty Ends |publisher=[[National Public Radio]] |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5298206}}</ref>

Chef [[Norman Van Aken]] was the first person to use the term "fusion cooking" as he delivered a speech at a symposium in Santa Fe in 1988. Soon journalist Regina Schrambling wrote about Van Aken's work and the term spread around the globe.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Magazine |first1=Smithsonian |last2=Esposito |first2=Shaylyn |title=Why We Have Norman Van Aken to Thank for the Way We Dine Out Today |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/norman-van-aken-thank-way-we-dine-out-today-180951365/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Norman Van Aken ended his speech by discussing the history of fusion cuisine, such as the use of coffee in Italian cuisine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins and history of Italian coffee |url=https://www.exclusivebrandstorino.com/guides/origins-and-history-of-coffee/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Exclusive Brands Torino |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521154155/https://www.exclusivebrandstorino.com/guides/origins-and-history-of-coffee/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Van Aken related this to coffee being used in different desserts such as Calabrian [[ricotta]] with chocolate [[mousse]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=pvillanueva |date=2018-09-04 |title=On Fusion Cooking |url=https://normanvanaken.com/time-pieces/fusion-cooking/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Norman Van Aken |language=en-US}}</ref>

== List of fusion cuisine ==

* American cuisine (European cuisine, Indigenous cuisine of the Americas, Soul food, Cajun cuisine, Louisiana Creole cuisine, Pennsylvania Dutch cuisine, Mormon foodways, Texan cuisine, Tex-Mex cuisine, New-Mexican)
* Hong Kong cuisine (Chinese cuisine predominantly Cantonese cuisine, European cuisine especially British cuisine, Japanese, Korean and Southeast Asian cuisines)
* Macanese cuisine (Chinese cuisine predominantly Cantonese cuisine, European cuisine exactly Portuguese cuisine and Southeast Asian cuisines)
* Taiwanese cuisine (Chinese cuisine particularly Fujian cuisine and Hakka cuisine, Japanese cuisine and American cuisine)
* Singaporean cuisine (Chinese cuisine, Malay/Indonesian cuisine, Indian cuisine, Peranakan cuisine, Eurasian cuisine and European cuisine particularly English cuisine and Portuguese cuisine)
* Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia
* Italian-American cuisine (Italian cuisine and American cuisine)
* Japanese Chinese cuisine (Japanese cuisine and Chinese cuisine)
* Malaysian Chinese cuisine (Chinese cuisine with roots from Fujian, Cantonese, Hakka and Teochew cuisines and Malaysian cuisine)
* Indian Chinese cuisine (Indian cuisine and Chinese cuisine)
* Yoshoku (European cuisine and Japanese cuisine)
* Peruvian cuisine (European cuisine, particularly Spanish and Italian, Asian cuisine, particularly Cantonese and Japanese, African cuisine, particularly Maghrebi and West African, Indigenous cuisine, particularly Quechua and Aymara)

==See also==
{{Portal|Food}}
* [[2010s in food]]
* [[American Chinese cuisine]]
* [[Betawi cuisine]]
* [[California cuisine]]
* {{annotated link|Chifa|link_lang=ch}}
* [[Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia]]
* [[Cuisine of Hawaii|Hawaiian cuisine]]
* [[Indian Chinese cuisine]]
* {{annotated link|Itameshi|link_lang=ja}}
* [[Japanese Chinese cuisine]]
* [[Korean-Mexican fusion]]
* [[Migrants' food consumption]]
* [[Modern Australian cuisine]]
* [[New American cuisine]]
* [[Nouvelle cuisine]]
* [[Peranakan cuisine]]
* [[Sushi burrito]]
* [[Sushi pizza]]
* [[Tex-Mex]]
* {{annotated link|Yōshoku|link_lang=ja}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons-inline}}

{{cuisine}}

[[Category:Fusion cuisine| ]]