Editing Full-spectrum dominance

{{Short description|The effect of total control in a battlespace}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{war}}

'''Full-spectrum dominance''' also known as '''full-spectrum superiority''', is a military entity's achievement of control over all dimensions of the [[battlespace]], effectively possessing an overwhelming diversity of resources in such areas as [[land warfare|terrestrial]], [[air warfare|aerial]], [[Naval warfare|maritime]], [[tunnel warfare|subterranean]], [[space warfare|extraterrestrial]], [[psychological warfare|psychological]], and [[biological warfare|bio-]] or [[cyber warfare|cyber-technological]] warfare.

Full spectrum dominance includes the physical battlespace; air, surface and sub-surface as well as the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] and [[information warfare|information space]].  Control implies that freedom of opposition force assets to exploit the battlespace is wholly constrained.

==US military doctrine==
As early as April 2001 the [[United States Department of Defense]] defined "full-spectrum superiority" (FSS) as:<ref name=fss>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp1_02.pdf |title=Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (JP 1-02) page 96 |orig-date=12 April 2001 |date=31 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310102614/http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp1_02.pdf |archive-date=10 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br/>
:The cumulative effect of dominance in the air, land, maritime, and space domains and information environment, which includes [[cyberspace]], that permits the conduct of joint operations without effective opposition or prohibitive interference.

The doctrine of Full Spectrum Operations replaced the prior one, which was known as [[AirLand Battle]]. AirLand Battle had been taught in one form or another since 1982.<ref name="fah11">{{cite book |last1=Fahrenbach |first1=MAJ Christopher T. |title=Full Spectrum Operations: Is This the Science of Victory? |date=May 2011 |publisher=United States Army Command and General Staff College |location=Fort Leavenworth, Kansas |url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/PDF-UA-docs/Wallace-2008-UA.pdf}}</ref>

The [[United States Armed Forces|United States military's]] [[Military doctrine|doctrine]] espoused a strategic intent to be capable of achieving FSS state in a conflict, either alone or with allies,<ref>[[Joint Vision 2020]], [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. Department of Defense]]</ref> by defeating any adversary and controlling any situation across the range of military operations.

The stated intent implies significant investment in a range of capabilities: dominant maneuver, precision engagement, focused logistics, and full-dimensional protection.

==Criticism==

Critics of [[US imperialism]] have referred to the term as proof of the ambitions of policymakers in the US and their alleged desire for total control. [[Harold Pinter]] referred to the term in his 2005 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] acceptance speech ''[[Art, Truth and Politics]]'':<ref name=pinter05>[https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2005/pinter-lecture-e.html Harold Pinter Nobel lecture 2005]</ref>
<blockquote>
I have said earlier that the United States is now totally frank about putting its cards on the table. That is the case. Its official declared policy is now defined as "full spectrum dominance". That is not my term, it is theirs. "Full spectrum dominance" means control of land, sea, air and space and all attendant resources.
</blockquote>

==Metaphorical use==
Full spectrum dominance is used in a number of non-military fields to describe a comprehensive tactical effort to support a strategy.

In marketing, full spectrum dominance may refer to an integrated campaign that takes into account reaching an audience across a wide variety of platforms and media to guarantee visibility and reinforcement. That might include simultaneous integration of online promotions with direct marketing, public relations, social media and other tactical marketing vehicles.

== See also ==
* [[Geostrategy]]
* [[Multi-Domain Operations]]
* [[Network-centric warfare]]
* [[Overmatch]]
* [[Psychological warfare]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Library resources box}}
* Engdahl, F. William  ''Full Spectrum Dominance: Totalitarian Democracy in the New World Order'' Boxborough, MA: 2009 Third Millennium Press. 268 pages.  
* Mahajan, Rahul  {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I0BZwLb3YFUC&q=full+spectrum+dominance|title=''Full Spectrum Dominance, U.S. power in Iraq and beyond''|isbn=9781583225783|last1=Mahajan|first1=Rahul|year=2003}} New York: 2003 Seven Stories Press.
* Vest, Jason {{cite web|url=http://www.govexec.com/features/1205-01/1205-01s5.htm|title=Missed Perceptions|access-date=20 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515225727/http://www.govexec.com/features/1205-01/1205-01s5.htm|archive-date=15 May 2008|url-status=dead}} Government Executive, 1 December 2005

[[Category:Military doctrines]]
[[Category:United States Department of Defense doctrine]]