Editing French Republican calendar

{{Short description|Calendar used in Revolutionary France from 1793 to 1805}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
[[File:Calendrier-republicain-debucourt2.jpg|thumb|French Republican Calendar of An III (1794 to 1795), drawn by [[Philibert-Louis Debucourt]]]]

The '''French Republican calendar''' ({{langx|fr|calendrier républicain français}}), also commonly called the '''French Revolutionary calendar''' ({{lang|fr|calendrier révolutionnaire français}}), was a [[calendar]] created and implemented during the [[French Revolution]] and used by the French government for about 12 years from late 1793 to 1805, and for 18 days by the [[Paris Commune]] in 1871, meant to replace the [[Gregorian calendar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 12 Months of the French Republican Calendar {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/list/the-12-months-of-the-french-republican-calendar |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519181843/https://www.britannica.com/list/the-12-months-of-the-french-republican-calendar |url-status=live }}</ref> The calendar consisted of twelve 30-day months, each divided into three 10-day cycles similar to weeks, plus five or six [[Intercalation (timekeeping)|intercalary days]] at the end to fill out the balance of a [[Tropical year|solar year]]. It was designed in part to remove all religious and [[royalist]] influences from the calendar, and it was part of a larger attempt at [[Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution|dechristianisation]] and [[decimalisation]] in France (which also included [[decimal time]] of day, [[decimalisation]] of currency, and [[metrication]]). It was used in government records in France and other areas under French rule, including [[History of Belgium#French control|Belgium]], [[History of Luxembourg#French invasion|Luxembourg]], and parts of the [[Netherlands]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Malta]], and [[Italy]].

==History==
The [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]] at first intended to create a new calendar marking the "era of Liberty", beginning on 14 July 1789, the date of the [[storming of the Bastille]]. However, on 2 January 1792 its successor the [[Legislative Assembly (France)|Legislative Assembly]] decided that Year IV of Liberty had begun the day before. Year I had therefore begun on 1 January 1789.

On 21 September 1792 the [[French First Republic]] was [[Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy|proclaimed]], and the new [[National Convention]] decided that 1792 was to be known as Year I of the French Republic. It decreed on 2 January 1793 that Year II of the Republic had begun the day before. However, the new calendar as adopted by the Convention in October 1793 made 22 September 1792 the first day of Year I. The [[Common Era]],  commemorating the birth of [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]], was abolished and replaced with {{lang|fr|l'ère républicaine}}, the Republican Era, signifying the "age of reason" overcoming superstition, as part of the [[Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution|campaign of dechristianisation]]. 

The calendar is frequently named the "French Revolutionary Calendar" because it was created during the revolution, but this is a slight misnomer. In France, it is known as the ''calendrier républicain'' as well as the ''calendrier révolutionnaire''. There was initially a debate as to whether the calendar should celebrate the revolution, which began in July 1789, or the Republic, which was established in 1792.<ref>{{cite book |title=Le calendrier républicain: de sa création à sa disparition |date=1994 |publisher=Bureau des longitudes |isbn=978-2-910015-09-1 |page=19}}</ref> Immediately following 14 July 1789, papers and pamphlets started calling 1789 year I of Liberty and the following years II and III. It was in 1792, with the practical problem of dating financial transactions, that the legislative assembly was confronted with the problem of the calendar. Originally, the choice of epoch was either 1 January 1789 or 14 July 1789. After some hesitation the assembly decided on 2 January 1792 that all official documents would use the "era of Liberty" and that the year IV of Liberty started on 1 January 1792. This usage was modified on 22 September 1792 when the Republic was proclaimed and the Convention decided that all public documents would be dated Year I of the French Republic. The decree of 2 January 1793 stipulated that the year II of the Republic began on 1 January 1793; this was revoked with the introduction of the calendar, which set 22 September 1793 as the beginning of year II. The establishment of the Republic was used as the epochal date for the calendar; therefore, the calendar commemorates the Republic, and not the Revolution.

The [[Concordat of 1801]] re-established the Roman Catholic Church as an official institution in France, although not as the state religion of France.<ref>{{cite book |author=Antoine Augustin Renouard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUoMAAAAIAAJ |title=Manuel pour la concordance des calendriers républicain et grégorien |date=1822 |publisher=A. A. Renouard |edition=2 |access-date=14 September 2009}}</ref> The concordat took effect from Easter Sunday, 28 Germinal, Year XI (8 April 1802); it restored the names of the days of the week to the ones from the [[Gregorian calendar]], and fixed [[Sunday]] as the official day of rest and religious celebration.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 November 2007 |title=Concordat de 1801 Napoleon Bonaparte religion en france Concordat de 1801 |url=http://www.roi-president.com/bio/bio-fait-Concordat%20de%201801.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910112012/http://www.roi-president.com/bio/bio-fait-Concordat%20de%201801.html |archive-date=10 September 2012 |access-date=30 January 2009 |publisher=Roi-president.com}}</ref> However, the other attributes of the republican calendar, the months, and years, remained as they were. 

The First Republic ended with the [[coronation of Napoleon|coronation of Napoleon I as emperor]] on 11 Frimaire, Year XIII, or 2 December 1804. Despite this, the republican calendar continued to be used until 1 January 1806, when Napoleon declared it abolished. It was used again briefly in the ''[[Journal officiel]]'' for some dates during a short period of the [[Paris Commune]], 6–23 May 1871 (16 Floréal–3 Prairial Year LXXIX).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yT5AAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA324 |title=Réimpression du Journal Officiel de la République française sous la Commune du 19 mars au 24 mai 1871 |publisher=V. Bunel |year=1871 |pages=477– |access-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527074323/https://books.google.com/books?id=yT5AAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA324#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=27 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Overview and origins ==

=== Precursor ===
The prominent atheist essayist and philosopher [[Sylvain Maréchal]] published the first edition of his ''Almanach des Honnêtes-gens'' (Almanac of Honest People) in 1788.<ref name="Marechal">{{cite book |title=Almanach des Honnêtes-gens |pages=14–15 |first=Maréchal |last=Sylvain |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k48116c.swf.f3.langFR |via=gallica.bnf.fr |publisher=Gallica |year=1836 |access-date=3 June 2014 |archive-date=3 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903224628/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k48116c.swf.f3.langFR |url-status=live }}</ref> The first month in the almanac is "Mars, ou Princeps" (March, or First), the last month is "Février, ou Duodécembre" (February, or Twelfth). The lengths of the months are the same as those in the Gregorian calendar; however, the 10th, 20th, and 30th days are singled out of each month as the end of a ''décade'' (group of ten days). Individual days were assigned, instead of to the traditional saints, to people noteworthy for mostly secular achievements. Later editions of the almanac would switch to the Republican Calendar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Almanach des honnêtes gens pour l'an VIII |first=Maréchal |last=Sylvain |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97396377.r=?rk=21459;2 |website=gallica.bnf.fr |publisher=Gallica |year=1799 |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=25 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525231239/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97396377.r=?rk=21459;2 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Development and usage ===
[[File:Musee-historique-lausanne-img 0143.jpg|thumb|A copy of the French Republican Calendar in the Historical Museum of Lausanne]]
The days of the [[French Revolution]] and First French Republic saw many efforts to sweep away various trappings of the [[Ancien régime|''ancien régime'']] (the old [[Feudalism|feudal]] monarchy); some of these were more successful than others. The new Republican government sought to institute, among other reforms, a new social and legal system, a new system of weights and measures (which became the [[metric system]]), and a new calendar. 

Amid nostalgia for the ancient [[Roman Republic]], the theories of the [[Age of Enlightenment]] were at their peak, and the devisers of the new systems looked to nature for their inspiration. Natural constants, multiples of ten, and [[Latin]] as well as [[Ancient Greek]] derivations formed the fundamental blocks from which the systems were built.

The calendar was created by a commission under the direction of the politician [[Gilbert Romme]] seconded by {{Interlanguage link|Claude Joseph Ferry|fr}} and [[Charles-François Dupuis]]. They associated with their work chemist [[Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau]], mathematician and astronomer [[Joseph-Louis Lagrange]], astronomer [[Jérôme Lalande]], mathematician [[Gaspard Monge]], astronomer and naval geographer [[Alexandre Guy Pingré]], and poet, actor and playwright [[Fabre d'Églantine]] (who invented the names of the months) with the help of [[André Thouin]] (gardener at the [[Jardin des plantes]] of the [[Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle]] in Paris). As the [[rapporteur]] of the commission, Romme presented the calendar to the [[Jacobin]]-controlled National Convention on 23 September 1793, which adopted it on 24 October 1793 and also extended it [[wikt:proleptic|proleptically]] to its [[epoch]] of 22 September 1792. It is because of his position as rapporteur of the commission that the creation of the republican calendar is attributed to Romme.<ref>[[James Guillaume]], ''Procès-verbaux du Comité d'instruction publique de la Convention nationale'', t. I, pp. 227–228 et t. II, pp. 440–448; Michel Froechlé, " Le calendrier républicain correspondait-il à une nécessité scientifique ? ", Congrès national des sociétés savantes : scientifiques et sociétés, Paris, 1989, pp. 453–465.</ref>

French coins of the period used the calendar. Many show the year ({{langx|fr|an}}) in [[Arabic numerals]], although [[Roman numerals]] were used on some issues. Year 11 coins typically have a "XI" date to avoid confusion with the Roman "II". 

== Design ==
[[File:French revolutionary date.JPG|thumb|L AN 2 DE LA REPUBLIQUE FR (Year 2 of the French Republic) on a barn near Geneva, dating to 1793 or 1794]][[File:PereDuchesneIllustre1 1 0.png|thumb|upright|1 Floréal, Year 79 issue of ''[[Le Père Duchesne (19th century)|The Son of Père Duchêne]]'', a newspaper published during the [[Paris Commune]].]]Years appear in writing as Roman numerals (usually). Roman numeral I indicates the first year of the republic, that is, the year before the calendar actually came into use. By law, the beginning of each year was set at midnight, beginning on the day the apparent [[September equinox|autumnal equinox]] falls at the Paris Observatory.

There were twelve months, each divided into three 10-day weeks called ''décades''. The tenth day, ''décadi'', replaced Sunday as the day of rest and festivity. The five or six extra days needed to approximate the solar or [[tropical year]] were placed after the final month of each year and called [[Sansculottides|complementary days]]. This arrangement was an almost exact copy of the [[Egyptian calendar|calendar used by the Ancient Egyptians]], though in their case the year did not begin and end on the autumnal equinox.

A period of four years ending on a leap day was to be called a "Franciade". The name "[[Olympiad|Olympique]]" was originally proposed<ref name="Rapportsur">{{cite book |title=Le calendrier républicain: de sa création à sa disparition |date=1994 |publisher=Bureau des longitudes |isbn=978-2-910015-09-1 |page=26}}</ref> but changed to Franciade to commemorate the fact that it had taken the revolution four years to establish a republican government in France.<ref>{{cite book |title=Le calendrier républicain: de sa création à sa disparition |date=1994 |publisher=Bureau des longitudes |isbn=978-2-910015-09-1 |page=36}}</ref> The leap year was called ''Sextile'', an allusion to the "[[bissextus|bissextile]]" [[leap year]]s of the Julian and Gregorian calendars, because it contained a sixth complementary day.

Each day was divided into ten hours, each hour into 100 decimal minutes, and each decimal minute into 100 decimal seconds. Thus an hour was 144 conventional minutes (2.4 times as long as a conventional hour), a minute was 86.4 conventional seconds (44% longer than a conventional minute), and a second was 0.864 conventional seconds (13.6% shorter than a conventional second). [[Clock]]s were manufactured to display this [[decimal time]], but it did not catch on. Mandatory use of decimal time was officially suspended 7 April 1795, although some cities continued to use decimal time as late as 1801.<ref name="Carrigan">Richard A. Carrigan, Jr. "Decimal Time". ''[[American Scientist]]'', (May–June 1978), '''66(3)''': 305–313.</ref> The numbering of years by Roman numerals ran counter to this general decimalisation tendency.

=== Months ===
The month names were based on nature, principally having to do with the prevailing weather in and around Paris and sometimes evoking the Medieval [[Labours of the Months]]. The extra five or six days in the year were not given a month designation but considered {{lang|fr|[[Sansculottides]]|italic=no}} or [[#Complementary_days|complementary days]]. Most of the month names were new words coined from French, Latin, or Greek. The endings of the names were grouped by season. {{lang|fr|-dor}} comes from {{lang|grc|δῶρον}}, {{lang|grc-Latn|dō̂ron}} means 'giving' in Greek.<ref name="Carlyle" />
* Autumn:
** [[Vendémiaire]] (from French {{lang|fr|vendange}}, which means 'grape harvest', derived from Latin {{lang|la|vindemia}} 'vintage'), starting 22, 23, or 24 September
** [[Brumaire]] (from French {{lang|fr|brume}} 'mist', from Latin {{lang|la|brūma}} 'winter solstice; winter; winter cold'), starting 22, 23, or 24 October
** [[Frimaire]] (from French {{lang|fr|frimas}} 'frost'), starting 21, 22, or 23 November
* Winter:
** [[Nivôse]] (from Latin {{lang|la|nivosus}} 'snowy'), starting 21, 22, or 23 December
** [[Pluviôse]] (from French {{lang|fr|pluvieux}}, derived from Latin {{lang|la|pluvius}} 'rainy'), starting 20, 21, or 22 January
** [[Ventôse]] (from French {{lang|fr|venteux}}, derived from Latin {{lang|la|ventosus}} 'windy'), starting 19, 20, or 21 February
* Spring:
** [[Germinal (month)|Germinal]] (from French {{lang|fr|germination}}), starting 21 or 22 March
** [[Floréal]] (from French {{lang|fr|fleur}}, derived from Latin {{lang|la|flos}} 'flower'), starting 20 or 21 April
** [[Prairial]] (from French {{lang|fr|prairie}} 'meadow'), starting 20 or 21 May
* Summer:
** [[Messidor]] (from Latin {{lang|la|messis}} 'harvest'), starting 19 or 20 June
** [[Thermidor]] (from Greek {{lang|grc|θέρμη}}, {{lang|grc-Latn|thermē}}, 'summer heat'), starting 19 or 20 July; on many printed calendars of Year II (1793–94), the month of ''Thermidor'' was named ''Fervidor'' (from Latin {{lang|la|fervidus}}, "burning hot")
** [[Fructidor]] (from Latin {{lang|la|fructus}} 'fruit'), starting 18 or 19 August

In Britain, a contemporary wit mocked the calendar by calling the months: [[:wikt:wheezy|Wheezy]], [[:wikt:sneezy|Sneezy]], and [[:wikt:freezy|Freezy]]; [[:wikt:slippy|Slippy]], [[:wikt:drippy|Drippy]], and [[:wikt:nippy|Nippy]]; [[:wikt:showery|Showery]], [[:wikt:flowery|Flowery]], and [[:wikt:bowery|Bowery]]; [[:wikt:hoppy|Hoppy]], [[:wikt:croppy|Croppy]], and [[:wikt:poppy|Poppy]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6EaAQAAMAAJ&q=%22New+Calendar%22&pg=PA210|title=Sporting Magazine|volume=15|page=210|date=January 1800|publisher=Rogerson and Tuxford|accessdate=23 December 2014|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406115540/https://books.google.com/books?id=E6EaAQAAMAAJ&q=%22New+Calendar%22&pg=PA210|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation |author=John Brady |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pKjhAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA38 |title=Clavis Calendaria: Or, A Compendious Analysis of the Calendar; Illustrated with Ecclesiastical, Historical, and Classical Anecdotes |volume=1 |page=38 |year=1812 |publisher=Rogerson and Tuxford |access-date=10 October 2018 |archive-date=27 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527074323/https://books.google.com/books?id=pKjhAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA38#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Historian [[Thomas Carlyle]] suggests somewhat more serious English names in his 1837 work ''[[The French Revolution: A History]]'',<ref name="Carlyle">{{cite book |author=Thomas Carlyle |title=The French revolution: a history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=81sQAAAAYAAJ |date=1867 |publisher=Harper |access-date=3 November 2021 |archive-date=27 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527074323/https://books.google.com/books?id=81sQAAAAYAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> namely Vintagearious, Fogarious, Frostarious, Snowous, Rainous, Windous, Buddal, Floweral, Meadowal, Reapidor, Heatidor, and Fruitidor. Like the French originals, they are [[neologism]]s suggesting a meaning related to the season.

=== Days ===
[[File:Montre revolutionnaire-IMG 4629-black.jpg|thumb|French Revolutionary [[pocket watch]] showing ten-day ''décade'' names and thirty-day month numbers from the Republican Calendar, but with duodecimal time. On display at the [[Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (Neuchâtel)]] In Switzerland.]]
Each month was divided into three ''décades'' or "weeks" of ten days each, named:
* ''primidi'' (first day)
* ''duodi'' (second day)
* ''tridi'' (third day)
* ''quartidi'' (fourth day)
* ''quintidi'' (fifth day)
* ''sextidi'' (sixth day)
* ''septidi'' (seventh day)
* ''octidi'' (eighth day)
* ''nonidi'' (ninth day)
* ''décadi'' (tenth day)

Décadis became an official day of rest instead of Sunday, in order to diminish the influence of the Roman [[Catholic Church]]. They were used for the festivals of a succession of new religions meant to replace Catholicism: the [[Cult of Reason]], the [[Cult of the Supreme Being]], the [[Decadary Cult]], and [[Theophilanthropy]]. [[Liturgical year|Christian holidays]] were officially abolished in favor of revolutionary holidays. The law of 13 Fructidor year VI (30 August 1798) required that marriages must only be celebrated on décadis. This law was  applied from the 1st Vendémiaire year VII (22 September 1798) to 28 Pluviôse year VIII (17 February 1800).{{fact|date=April 2025}}

Five extra days – six in leap years – were national holidays at the end of every year. These were originally known as ''[[Sansculottides|les sans-culottides]]'' (after ''[[sans-culottes]]''), but after year III (1795) as ''les jours complémentaires'':
* 1st complementary day: ''La Fête de la Vertu'', "Celebration of Virtue", on 17 or 18 September
* 2nd complementary day: ''La Fête du Génie'', "Celebration of Talent", on 18 or 19 September
* 3rd complementary day: ''La Fête du Travail'', "Celebration of Labour", on 19 or 20 September
* 4th complementary day: ''La Fête de l'Opinion'', "Celebration of Convictions", on 20 or 21 September
* 5th complementary day: ''La Fête des Récompenses'', "Celebration of Honours (Awards)", on 21 or 22 September
* 6th complementary day: ''La Fête de la Révolution'', "Celebration of the Revolution", on 22 or 23 September (on leap years only)

=== Rural calendar ===
The Roman Catholic Church used a [[calendar of saints]], which named each day of the year after an associated [[saint]]. To reduce the influence of the Church, [[Fabre d'Églantine]] introduced a rural calendar in which each day of the year had a unique name associated with the [[Rural economics|rural economy]], stated to correspond to the time of year. Every ''décadi'' (ending in 0) was named after an agricultural tool. Each ''quintidi'' (ending in 5) was named for a common animal. The rest of the days were named for "grain, pasture, trees, roots, flowers, fruits" and other plants, except for the first month of winter, Nivôse, during which the rest of the days were named after minerals.<ref>{{cite book |author=Edouard Terwecoren |author-link=Edouard Terwecoren |title=Collection de Précis historiques |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6nIXAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA31 |date=1870 |publisher=J. Vandereydt |page=31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Philippe-Joseph-Benjamin Buchez, Prosper Charles Roux |title=Histoire parlementaire de la révolution française |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WU4QAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA415 |date=1837 |publisher=Paulin |page=415}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|Our starting point was the idea of celebrating, through the calendar, the agricultural system, and of leading the nation back to it, marking the times and the fractions of the year by intelligible or visible signs taken from agriculture and the rural economy. (...)

As the calendar is something that we use so often, we must take advantage of this frequency of use to put elementary notions of agriculture before the people – to show the richness of nature, to make them love the fields, and to methodically show them the order of the influences of the heavens and of the products of the earth.

The priests assigned the commemoration of a so-called saint to each day of the year: this catalogue exhibited neither utility nor method; it was a collection of lies, of deceit or of charlatanism.

We thought that the nation, after having kicked out this canonised mob from its calendar, must replace it with the objects that make up the true riches of the nation, worthy objects not from a cult, but from agriculture – useful products of the soil, the tools that we use to cultivate it, and the domesticated animals, our faithful servants in these works; animals much more precious, without doubt, to the eye of reason, than the beatified skeletons pulled from the catacombs of Rome.

So we have arranged in the column of each month, the names of the real treasures of the rural economy.  The grains, the pastures, the trees, the roots, the flowers, the fruits, the plants are arranged in the calendar, in such a way that the place and the day of the month that each product occupies is precisely the season and the day that Nature presents it to us.
| author=Fabre d'Églantine|title="Rapport fait à la Convention nationale au nom de la Commission chargée de la confection du Calendrier",<ref name="Rapport Fabre">{{Gallica|id=bpt6k48746z.image|t=Convention nationale. Rapport fait à la Convention nationale, dans la séance du 3 du second mois de la seconde année de la République Française, au nom de la Commission chargée de la confection du Calendrier; Par Ph. Fr. Na. Fabre-D'Eglantine,... Imprimé par ordre de la Convention nationale}}</ref> Imprimerie nationale, 1793}}

== Criticism and shortcomings ==
[[File:Horloge-republicaine1.jpg|thumb|Clock dial displaying both decimal and duodecimal time]]
Leap years in the calendar are a point of great dispute, due to the contradicting statements in the establishing decree<ref name="gefrance.com">{{cite web |date=30 May 2020 |title=Le Calendrier Republicain |url=https://gefrance.com/the-french-republican-calendar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624222613/https://gefrance.com/the-french-republican-calendar/ |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=25 June 2021 |publisher=Gefrance.com}}</ref> stating:

{{blockquote|Each year begins at midnight, with the day on which the true autumnal equinox falls for the [[Paris Observatory]].}}

and:

{{blockquote|The four-year period, after which the addition of a day is usually necessary, is called the ''Franciade'' in memory of the revolution which, after four years of effort, led France to republican government. The fourth year of the ''Franciade'' is called ''Sextile''.}}

These two specifications are incompatible, as leap years defined by the autumnal equinox in Paris do not recur on a regular four-year schedule. It was erroneously believed that one leap day would be skipped automatically every 129 years,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instruction sur l'ère de la République, à la suite du décret du 3 brumaire, an II |url=https://documents.univ-toulouse.fr/150NDG/PPN042658012.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216162245/https://documents.univ-toulouse.fr/150NDG/PPN042658012.pdf |archive-date=16 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |website=Université de Toulouse}}</ref> on average, but actually five years would sometimes pass between leap years, about three times per century. Thus, the years III, VII, and XI were observed as leap years, and the years XV and XX were also planned as such, even though they were five years apart.
[[File:Horloge-republicaine2.jpg|thumb|Clock dial displaying both decimal (inside the circle) and duodecimal time (on the outer rim)]]

A fixed arithmetic rule for determining leap years was proposed by Delambre and presented to the Committee of Public Education by Romme on 19&nbsp;Floréal&nbsp;An&nbsp;III (8 May 1795). The proposed rule was to determine leap years by applying the rules of the Gregorian calendar to the years of the French Republic (years IV, VIII, XII, etc. were to be leap years) except that year 4000 (the last year of ten 400-year periods) should be a common year instead of a leap year. Shortly thereafter, Romme was sentenced to the guillotine and committed suicide, and the proposal was never adopted, although [[Jérôme Lalande]] repeatedly proposed it for a number of years. The proposal was intended to avoid uncertain future leap years caused by the inaccurate astronomical knowledge of the 1790s (even today, this statement is still valid due to the uncertainty in [[ΔT (timekeeping)|ΔT]]). In particular, the committee noted that the autumnal equinox of year 144 was predicted to occur at 11:59:40&nbsp;pm [[local apparent time]] in Paris, which was closer to midnight than its inherent 3 to 4&nbsp;minute uncertainty.

The calendar was abolished by an act dated 22 Fructidor an XIII (9 September 1805) and signed by [[Napoleon]], which referred to a report by [[Michel-Louis-Étienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély]] and [[Jean Joseph Mounier]], listing two fundamental flaws.
# The rule for leap years depended upon the uneven course of the sun, rather than fixed intervals, so that one must consult astronomers to determine when each year started, especially when the equinox happened close to midnight, as the exact moment could not be predicted with certainty.
# Both the era and the beginning of the year were chosen to commemorate a historical event that occurred on the first day of autumn in France, whereas the other European nations began the year near the beginning of winter or spring, thus being impediments to the calendar's adoption in Europe and America, and even a part of the French nation, where the Gregorian calendar continued to be used, as it was required for religious purposes.
The report also notes that the 10-day décade was unpopular and had already been suppressed three years earlier in favor of the seven-day week, removing what was considered by some as one of the calendar's main benefits.<ref>{{cite book |author=Antoine Augustin Renouard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUoMAAAAIAAJ |title=Manuel pour la concordance des calendriers républicain et grégorien: ou, Recueil complet de tous les annuaires depuis la première année républicaine |date=1822 |publisher=A. A. Renouard |edition=2 |page=217}}</ref> The 10-day décade was unpopular with laborers because they received only one full day of rest out of ten, instead of one in seven, although they also got a half-day off on the fifth day (thus 36 full days and 36 half days in a year, for a total of 54 free days, compared to the usual 52 or 53 Sundays). It also, by design, conflicted with Sunday religious observances.

Another criticism of the calendar was that despite the poetic names of its months, they were tied to the climate and agriculture of [[metropolitan France]] and therefore not applicable to [[Overseas departments and territories of France|France's overseas territories]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Canes |first=Kermit |title=The Esoteric Codex: Obsolete Calendars |publisher=LULU Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-365-06556-9}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
The following pictures, showing twelve allegories for the months, were illustrated by French painter [[Louis Lafitte]] and engraved by {{ill|Salvatore Tresca|fr}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vendémiaire |url=https://www.parismuseescollections.paris.fr/fr/musee-carnavalet/oeuvres/vendemiaire-0 |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=Paris Musées. Les collections |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403050618/https://www.parismuseescollections.paris.fr/fr/musee-carnavalet/oeuvres/vendemiaire-0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Autumn ===
{|
{{FrRepCalHead | [[Vendémiaire]]<br />(22/24 September – 21/23 October) | Vendémiaire commence le 22 septembre.jpg }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 1 |22 Sep | Raisin | [[Grape]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 2 |23 Sep | Safran | [[Saffron]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 3 |24 Sep | Châtaigne | [[Chestnut]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 4 |25 Sep | Colchique | [[Colchicum autumnale|Autumn Crocus]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 5 |26 Sep | Cheval | [[Horse]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 6 |27 Sep | Balsamine | [[Impatiens]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 7 |28 Sep | Carotte | [[Carrot]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 8 |29 Sep | Amaranthe | [[Amaranth]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 9 |30 Sep | Panais | [[Parsnip]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 10 |1 Oct | Cuve | [[Storage tank|Vat]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 11 |2 Oct | Pomme de terre | [[Potato]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 12 |3 Oct | Immortelle | [[Helichrysum arenarium|Strawflower]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 13 |4 Oct | Potiron | [[Winter squash]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 14 |5 Oct | Réséda | [[Reseda (plant)|Mignonette]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 15 |6 Oct | Âne | [[Donkey]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 16 |7 Oct | Belle de nuit | [[Four o'clock flower]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 17 |8 Oct | Citrouille | [[Pumpkin]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 18 |9 Oct | Sarrasin | [[Buckwheat]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 19 |10 Oct | Tournesol | [[Helianthus|Sunflower]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 20 |11 Oct | Pressoir | [[Fruit press|Wine-Press]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 21 |12 Oct | Chanvre | [[Hemp]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 22 |13 Oct | Pêche | [[Peach]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 23 |14 Oct | Navet | [[Turnip]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 24 |15 Oct | Amaryllis | [[Amaryllis]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 25 |16 Oct | Bœuf | [[Cattle|Ox]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 26 |17 Oct | Aubergine | [[Eggplant]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 27 |18 Oct | Piment | [[Chili pepper]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 28 |19 Oct | Tomate | [[Tomato]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 29 |20 Oct | Orge | [[Barley]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 30 |21 Oct | Tonneau | [[Barrel#Beverage maturing|Barrel]] }}
{{FrRepCalFoot}}
{{FrRepCalHead | [[Brumaire]]<br />(22/24 October – 20/22 November) | Brumaire commence le 23 octobre.jpg }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 1 |22 Oct | Pomme | [[Apple]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 2 |23 Oct | Céleri | [[Celery]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 3 |24 Oct | Poire | [[Pear]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 4 |25 Oct | Betterave | [[Beetroot]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 5 |26 Oct | Oie | [[Goose]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 6 |27 Oct | Héliotrope | [[Heliotropium|Heliotrope]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 7 |28 Oct | Figue | [[Common fig]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 8 |29 Oct | Scorsonère | [[Black Salsify]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 9 |30 Oct | Alisier | [[Chequer Tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 10 |31 Oct | Charrue | [[Plough]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 11 |1 Nov | Salsifis | [[Tragopogon porrifolius|Salsify]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 12 |2 Nov | Mâcre | [[Water caltrop]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 13 |3 Nov | Topinambour | [[Jerusalem artichoke]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 14 |4 Nov | Endive | [[Endive]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 15 |5 Nov | Dindon | [[Turkey (bird)|Turkey]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 16 |6 Nov | Chervis | [[Skirret]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 17 |7 Nov | Cresson | [[Watercress]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 18 |8 Nov | Dentelaire | [[Plumbaginaceae|Leadworts]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 19 |9 Nov | Grenade | [[Pomegranate]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 20 |10 Nov | Herse | [[Harrow (tool)|Harrow]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 21 |11 Nov | Bacchante | [[Baccharis halimifolia|Baccharis]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 22 |12 Nov | Azerole | [[Azarole]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 23 |13 Nov | Garance | [[Madder]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 24 |14 Nov | Orange | [[Orange (fruit)|Orange]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 25 |15 Nov | Faisan | [[Pheasant]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 26 |16 Nov | Pistache | [[Pistachio Nut]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 27 |17 Nov | Macjonc | [[Tuberous pea]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 28 |18 Nov | Coing | [[Quince]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 29 |19 Nov | Cormier | [[Sorbus domestica|Service tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 30 |20 Nov | Rouleau | [[Roller (agricultural tool)|Roller]] }}
{{FrRepCalFoot}}
{{FrRepCalHead | [[Frimaire]]<br />(21/23 November – 20/22 December) | Frimaire commence le 22 novembre.jpg }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 1 |21 Nov | Raiponce | [[Phyteuma|Rampion]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 2 |22 Nov | Turneps | [[Turnip|Cattle turnip]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 3 |23 Nov | Chicorée | [[Chicory]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 4 |24 Nov | Nèfle | [[Medlar]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 5 |25 Nov | Cochon | [[Pig]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 6 |26 Nov | Mâche | [[Lamb's lettuce]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 7 |27 Nov | Chou-fleur | [[Cauliflower]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 8 |28 Nov | Miel | [[Honey]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 9 |29 Nov | Genièvre | [[Juniperus communis|Juniper]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 10 |30 Nov | Pioche | [[Pickaxe]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 11 |1 Dec | Cire | [[Wax]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 12 |2 Dec | Raifort | [[Horseradish]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 13 |3 Dec | Cèdre | [[Cedrus|Cedar tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 14 |4 Dec | Sapin | [[Fir]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 15 |5 Dec | Chevreuil | [[Roe deer]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 16 |6 Dec | Ajonc | [[Gorse]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 17 |7 Dec | Cyprès | [[Cupressus sempervirens|Cypress Tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 18 |8 Dec | Lierre | [[Ivy]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 19 |9 Dec | Sabine | [[Savin Juniper]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 20 |10 Dec | Hoyau | [[Hoe (tool)|Fork hoe]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 21 |11 Dec | Érable à sucre | [[Sugar Maple]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 22 |12 Dec | Bruyère | [[Calluna|Heather]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 23 |13 Dec | Roseau | [[Phragmites|Reed plant]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 24 |14 Dec | Oseille | [[Sorrel]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 25 |15 Dec | Grillon | [[Cricket (insect)|Cricket]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 26 |16 Dec | Pignon | [[Pine nut]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 27 |17 Dec | Liège | [[Cork (material)|Cork]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 28 |18 Dec | Truffe | [[Truffle]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 29 |19 Dec | Olive | [[Olive]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 30 |20 Dec | Pelle | [[Shovel]] }}
{{FrRepCalFoot}}
|}

=== Winter ===
{|
|-
{{FrRepCalHead | [[Nivôse]]<br />(21/23 December – 19/21 January) | Nivôse commence le 22 décembre.jpg }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 1 | 21 Dec | Tourbe | [[Peat]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 2 | 22 Dec | Houille | [[Coal]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 3 | 23 Dec | Bitume | [[Bitumen]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 4 | 24 Dec | Soufre | [[Sulphur]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 5 | 25 Dec | Chien | [[Dog]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 6 | 26 Dec | Lave | [[Lava]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 7 | 27 Dec | Terre végétale | [[Topsoil]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 8 | 28 Dec | Fumier | [[Manure]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 9 | 29 Dec | Salpêtre | [[Saltpeter]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 10 | 30 Dec | Fléau | [[Flail (tool)|Flail]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 11 | 31 Dec | Granit | [[Granite]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 12 | 1 Jan | Argile | [[Clay]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 13 | 2 Jan | Ardoise | [[Slate]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 14 | 3 Jan | Grès | [[Sandstone]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 15 | 4 Jan | Lapin | [[Rabbit]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 16 | 5 Jan | Silex | [[Flint]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 17 | 6 Jan | Marne | [[Marl]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 18 | 7 Jan | Pierre à chaux | [[Limestone]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 19 | 8 Jan | Marbre | [[Marble]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 20 | 9 Jan | Van | [[Winnowing|Winnowing fan]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 21 | 10 Jan | Pierre à plâtre | [[Gypsum]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 22 | 11 Jan | Sel | [[Salt]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 23 | 12 Jan | Fer | [[Iron (material)|Iron]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 24 | 13 Jan | Cuivre | [[Copper]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 25 | 14 Jan | Chat | [[Cat]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 26 | 15 Jan | Étain | [[Tin]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 27 | 16 Jan | Plomb | [[Lead]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 28 | 17 Jan | Zinc | [[Zinc]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 29 | 18 Jan | Mercure | [[Mercury (element)|Mercury]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 30 | 19 Jan | Crible | [[Sieve]] }}
{{FrRepCalFoot}}
{{FrRepCalHead | [[Pluviôse]]<br />(20/22 January – 18/20 February) | Pluviôse commence le 21 ou 22 janvier.jpg }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 1 | 20 Jan | Lauréole | [[Spurge-laurel]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 2 | 21 Jan | Mousse | [[Moss]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 3 | 22 Jan | Fragon | [[Butcher's Broom]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 4 | 23 Jan | Perce-neige | [[Snowdrop]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 5 | 24 Jan | Taureau | [[Cattle|Bull]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 6 | 25 Jan | Laurier-thym | [[Laurustinus]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 7 | 26 Jan | Amadouvier | [[Tinder polypore]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 8 | 27 Jan | Mézéréon | [[Daphne mezereum]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 9 | 28 Jan | Peuplier | [[Populus|Poplar]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 10 | 29 Jan | Coignée | [[Axe]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 11 | 30 Jan | Ellébore | [[Hellebore]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 12 | 31 Jan | {{Not a typo|Brocoli}} | [[Broccoli]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 13 | 1 Feb | Laurier | [[Bay laurel]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 14 | 2 Feb | Avelinier | [[Corylus maxima|Filbert]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 15 | 3 Feb | Vache | [[Cow]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 16 | 4 Feb | Buis | [[Box (tree)|Box Tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 17 | 5 Feb | Lichen | [[Lichen]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 18 | 6 Feb | If | [[Taxus baccata|Yew tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 19 | 7 Feb | Pulmonaire | [[Lungwort]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 20 | 8 Feb | Serpette | [[Billhook]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 21 | 9 Feb | Thlaspi | [[Thlaspi arvense|Pennycress]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 22 | 10 Feb | Thimelé | [[Daphne cneorum|Rose Daphne]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 23 | 11 Feb | Chiendent | [[Elymus repens|Couch grass]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 24 | 12 Feb | Trainasse | [[Common Knotgrass]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 25 | 13 Feb | Lièvre | [[Hare]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 26 | 14 Feb | Guède | [[Woad]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 27 | 15 Feb | Noisetier | [[Hazel]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 28 | 16 Feb | Cyclamen | [[Cyclamen]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 29 | 17 Feb | Chélidoine | [[Greater celandine|Celandine]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 30 | 18 Feb | Traîneau | [[Sleigh]] }}
{{FrRepCalFoot}}
{{FrRepCalHead | [[Ventôse]]<br />(19/21 February – 20/22 March) | Ventôse commence le 20 ou 21 février.jpg }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 1 | 19 Feb | Tussilage | [[Tussilago|Coltsfoot]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 2 | 20 Feb | Cornouiller | [[Dogwood]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 3 | 21 Feb | Violier | [[Matthiola]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 4 | 22 Feb | Troène | [[Privet]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 5 | 23 Feb | Bouc | [[Billygoat]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 6 | 24 Feb | Asaret | [[Asarum|Wild Ginger]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 7 | 25 Feb | Alaterne | [[Rhamnus alaternus|Italian Buckthorn]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 8 | 26 Feb | Violette | [[Viola (plant)|Violet]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 9 | 27 Feb | Marceau | [[Goat Willow]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 10 | 28 Feb | Bêche | [[Spade]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 11 | 1 Mar | Narcisse | [[Narcissus (plant)|Narcissus]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 12 | 2 Mar | Orme | [[Elm]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 13 | 3 Mar | Fumeterre | [[Common fumitory]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 14 | 4 Mar | Vélar | [[Hedge mustard]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 15 | 5 Mar | Chèvre | [[Goat]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 16 | 6 Mar | Épinard | [[Spinach]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 17 | 7 Mar | Doronic | [[Doronicum]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 18 | 8 Mar | Mouron | [[Pimpernel]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 19 | 9 Mar | Cerfeuil | [[Chervil]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 20 | 10 Mar | Cordeau | [[Twine]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 21 | 11 Mar | Mandragore | [[Mandragora officinarum|Mandrake]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 22 | 12 Mar | Persil | [[Parsley]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 23 | 13 Mar | Cochléaria | [[Scurvy-grass]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 24 | 14 Mar | Pâquerette | [[Bellis perennis|Daisy]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 25 | 15 Mar | Thon | [[Tuna]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 26 | 16 Mar | Pissenlit | [[Dandelion]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 27 | 17 Mar | Sylvie | [[Anemonoides nemorosa|Wood Anemone]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 28 | 18 Mar | Capillaire | [[Adiantum capillus-veneris|Maidenhair fern]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 29 | 19 Mar | Frêne | [[Ash tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 30 | 20 Mar | Plantoir | [[Dibber]] }}
{{FrRepCalFoot}}
|}

=== Spring ===
{|
|-
{{FrRepCalHead | [[Germinal (month)|Germinal]]<br />(21/23 March – 19/21 April) | Germinal commence le 21 ou 22 mars.jpg }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 1 |21 Mar | Primevère | [[Primula vulgaris|Primrose]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 2 |22 Mar | Platane | [[Plane Tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 3 |23 Mar | Asperge | [[Asparagus]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 4 |24 Mar | Tulipe | [[Tulip]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 5 |25 Mar | Poule | [[Chicken|Hen]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 6 |26 Mar | Bette | [[Chard]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 7 |27 Mar | Bouleau | [[Birch]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 8 |28 Mar | Jonquille | [[Daffodil]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 9 |29 Mar | Aulne | [[Alder]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 10 |30 Mar | Couvoir | [[Incubator (egg)|Incubator]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 11 |31 Mar | Pervenche | [[Vinca|Periwinkle]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 12 |1 Apr | Charme | [[Hornbeam]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 13 |2 Apr | Morille | [[Morel]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 14 |3 Apr | Hêtre | [[Fagus sylvatica|Beech Tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 15 |4 Apr | Abeille | [[Bee]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 16 |5 Apr | Laitue | [[Lettuce]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 17 |6 Apr | Mélèze | [[Larch]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 18 |7 Apr | Ciguë | [[Conium|Hemlock]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 19 |8 Apr | Radis | [[Radish]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 20 |9 Apr | Ruche | [[Beehive]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 21 |10 Apr | Gainier | [[Cercis|Judas tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 22 |11 Apr | Romaine | [[Romaine lettuce]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 23 |12 Apr | Marronnier | [[Aesculus hippocastanum|Horse chestnut]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 24 |13 Apr | Roquette | [[Arugula]] or Rocket }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 25 |14 Apr | Pigeon | [[Pigeon]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 26 |15 Apr | Lilas | [[Syringa vulgaris|Lilac]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 27 |16 Apr | Anémone | [[Anemonoides nemorosa|Anemone]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 28 |17 Apr | Pensée | [[Pansy]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 29 |18 Apr | Myrtille | [[Bilberry]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 30 |19 Apr | Greffoir | [[Grafter|Grafting knife]] }}
{{FrRepCalFoot}}
{{FrRepCalHead | [[Floréal]]<br />(20/22 April – 19/21 May) | Floréal commence le 21 avril.jpg }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 1 |20 Apr | Rose | [[Rose]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 2 |21 Apr | Chêne | [[Quercus robur|Oak Tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 3 |22 Apr | Fougère | [[Fern]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 4 |23 Apr | Aubépine | [[Crataegus|Hawthorn]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 5 |24 Apr | Rossignol | [[Nightingale]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 6 |25 Apr | Ancolie | [[Common Columbine]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 7 |26 Apr | Muguet | [[Lily of the valley]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 8 |27 Apr | Champignon | [[Button mushroom]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 9 |28 Apr | Hyacinthe | [[Hyacinth]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 10 |29 Apr | Râteau | [[Rake (tool)|Rake]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 11 |30 Apr | Rhubarbe | [[Rhubarb]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 12 |1 May | Sainfoin | [[Sainfoin]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 13 |2 May | Bâton d'or | [[Wallflower]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 14 |3 May | Chamerisier | [[Chamaerops|Fan Palm tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 15 |4 May | Ver à soie | [[Silkworm]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 16 |5 May | Consoude | [[Comfrey]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 17 |6 May | Pimprenelle | [[Salad burnet]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 18 |7 May | Corbeille d'or | [[Basket of Gold]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 19 |8 May | Arroche | [[Orache]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 20 |9 May | Sarcloir | [[Hoe (tool)|Weeding hoe]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 21 |10 May | Statice | [[Sea thrift]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 22 |11 May | Fritillaire | [[Fritillaria|Fritillary]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 23 |12 May | Bourrache | [[Borage]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 24 |13 May | Valériane | [[Valerian (herb)|Valerian]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 25 |14 May | Carpe | [[Carp]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 26 |15 May | Fusain | [[Euonymus]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 27 |16 May | Civette | [[Chives]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 28 |17 May | Buglosse | [[Anchusa|Bugloss]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 29 |18 May | Sénevé | [[White mustard]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 30 |19 May | Houlette | [[Shepherd's crook]] }}
{{FrRepCalFoot}}
{{FrRepCalHead | [[Prairial]]<br />(20/22 May – 18/20 June) | Prairial commence le 21 mai.jpg }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 1 |20 May | Luzerne | [[Alfalfa|Lucerne]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 2 |21 May | Hémérocalle | [[Daylily]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 3 |22 May | Trèfle | [[Clover]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 4 |23 May | Angélique | [[Garden Angelica|Angelica]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 5 |24 May | Canard | [[Duck]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 6 |25 May | Mélisse | [[Lemon balm]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 7 |26 May | Fromental | [[Arrhenatherum|Oat grass]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 8 |27 May | Martagon | [[Martagon lily]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 9 |28 May | Serpolet | [[Wild Thyme]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 10 |29 May | Faux | [[Scythe]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 11 |30 May | Fraise | [[Strawberry]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 12 |31 May | Bétoine | [[Stachys officinalis|Betony]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 13 |1 Jun | Pois | [[Pea]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 14 |2 Jun | Acacia | [[Acacia]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 15 |3 Jun | Caille | [[Quail]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 16 |4 Jun | Œillet | [[Carnation]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 17 |5 Jun | Sureau | [[Elderberry]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 18 |6 Jun | Pavot | [[Papaver rhoeas|Poppy plant]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 19 |7 Jun | Tilleul | [[Tilia cordata|Linden or Lime tree]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 20 |8 Jun | Fourche | [[Pitchfork]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 21 |9 Jun | Barbeau | [[Cornflower]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 22 |10 Jun | Camomille | [[Camomile]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 23 |11 Jun | Chèvrefeuille | [[Honeysuckle]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 24 |12 Jun | Caille-lait | [[Galium album|Bedstraw]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 25 |13 Jun | Tanche | [[Tench]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 26 |14 Jun | Jasmin | [[Jasmine]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 27 |15 Jun | Verveine | [[Verbena officinalis|Vervain]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 28 |16 Jun | Thym | [[Thyme]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 29 |17 Jun | Pivoine | [[Peony]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 30 |18 Jun | Chariot | [[Handcart]] }}
{{FrRepCalFoot}}
|}

=== Summer ===
{|
|-
{{FrRepCalHead | [[Messidor]]<br />(19/21 June – 18/20 July) | Messidor commence le 21 ou 22 juin.jpg }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 1 |19 Jun | Seigle | [[Rye]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 2 |20 Jun | Avoine | [[Oat]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 3 |21 Jun | Oignon | [[Onion]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 4 |22 Jun | Véronique | [[Veronica (plant)|Speedwell]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 5 |23 Jun | Mulet | [[Mule]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 6 |24 Jun | Romarin | [[Rosemary]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 7 |25 Jun | Concombre | [[Cucumber]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 8 |26 Jun | Échalote | [[Shallot]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 9 |27 Jun | Absinthe | [[Artemisia absinthium|Wormwood]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 10 |28 Jun | Faucille | [[Sickle]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 11 |29 Jun | Coriandre | [[Coriander]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 12 |30 Jun | Artichaut | [[Artichoke]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 13 |1 Jul | Girofle | [[Clove]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 14 |2 Jul | Lavande | [[Lavender]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 15 |3 Jul | Chamois | [[Chamois]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 16 |4 Jul | Tabac | [[Tobacco]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 17 |5 Jul | Groseille | [[Redcurrant]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 18 |6 Jul | Gesse | [[Hairy Vetchling]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 19 |7 Jul | Cerise | [[Cherry]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 20 |8 Jul | Parc | [[Pen (enclosure)|Livestock pen]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 21 |9 Jul | Menthe | [[Mentha|Mint]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 22 |10 Jul | Cumin | [[Cumin]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 23 |11 Jul | Haricot | [[Bean]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 24 |12 Jul | Orcanète | [[Alcanna tinctoria|Alkanet]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 25 |13 Jul | Pintade | [[Guineafowl]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 26 |14 Jul | Sauge | [[Salvia officinalis|Sage]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 27 |15 Jul | Ail | [[Garlic]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 28 |16 Jul | Vesce | [[Vicia sativa|Tare]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 29 |17 Jul | Blé | [[Wheat]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 30 |18 Jul | Chalémie | [[Shawm]] }}
{{FrRepCalFoot}}
{{FrRepCalHead | [[Thermidor]]<br />(19/21 July – 17/19 August) | Thermidor commence le 20 ou 21 juillet.jpg }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 1 |19 Jul | Épeautre | [[Spelt]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 2 |20 Jul | Bouillon blanc | [[Common mullein]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 3 |21 Jul | Melon | [[Cucumis melo|Melon]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 4 |22 Jul | Ivraie | [[Ryegrass]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 5 |23 Jul | Bélier | [[Sheep|Ram]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 6 |24 Jul | Prêle | [[Horsetail]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 7 |25 Jul | Armoise | [[Artemisia vulgaris|Mugwort]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 8 |26 Jul | Carthame | [[Safflower]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 9 |27 Jul | Mûre | [[Blackberry]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 10 |28 Jul | Arrosoir | [[Watering can]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 11 |29 Jul | Panic | [[Foxtail millet]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 12 |30 Jul | Salicorne | [[Glasswort|Common Glasswort]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 13 |31 Jul | Abricot | [[Apricot]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 14 |1 Aug | Basilic | [[Basil]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 15 |2 Aug | Brebis | [[Sheep|Ewe]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 16 |3 Aug | Guimauve | [[Althaea officinalis|Marshmallow]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 17 |4 Aug | Lin | [[Flax]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 18 |5 Aug | Amande | [[Almond]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 19 |6 Aug | Gentiane | [[Gentian]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 20 |7 Aug | Écluse | [[Lock (water transport)|Lock]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 21 |8 Aug | Carline | [[Carline thistle]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 22 |9 Aug | Câprier | [[Caper]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 23 |10 Aug | Lentille | [[Lentil]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 24 |11 Aug | Aunée | [[Inula]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 25 |12 Aug | Loutre | [[Otter]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 26 |13 Aug | Myrte | [[Myrtus|Myrtle]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 27 |14 Aug | Colza | [[Rapeseed]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 28 |15 Aug | Lupin | [[Lupin]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 29 |16 Aug | Coton | [[Cotton]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 30 |17 Aug | Moulin | [[Windmill|Mill]] }}
{{FrRepCalFoot}}

{{FrRepCalHead | [[Fructidor]]<br />(18/20 August – 16/18 September) | Fructidor commence le 21 ou 22 août.jpg }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 1 |18 Aug | Prune | [[Plum]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 2 |19 Aug | Millet | [[Millet]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 3 |20 Aug | Lycoperdon | [[Puffball]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 4 |21 Aug | Escourgeon | [[Barley|Six-row Barley]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 5 |22 Aug | Saumon | [[Salmon]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 6 |23 Aug | Tubéreuse | [[Tuberose]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 7 |24 Aug | Sucrion | [[Barley|Winter Barley]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 8 |25 Aug | Apocyn | [[Apocynaceae|Apocynum]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 9 |26 Aug | Réglisse | [[Liquorice]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 10 |27 Aug | Échelle | [[Ladder]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 11 |28 Aug | Pastèque | [[Watermelon]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 12 |29 Aug | Fenouil | [[Fennel]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 13 |30 Aug | Épine vinette | [[European Barberry]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 14 |31 Aug | Noix | [[Walnut]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 15 |1 Sep | Truite | [[Trout]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 16 |2 Sep | Citron | [[Lemon]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 17 |3 Sep | Cardère | [[Teasel]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 18 |4 Sep | Nerprun | [[Buckthorn]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 19 |5 Sep | Tagette | [[Tagetes|Mexican Marigold]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 20 |6 Sep | Hotte | [[Basket|Harvesting basket]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 21 |7 Sep | Églantier | [[Rosa canina|Wild Rose]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 22 |8 Sep | Noisette | [[Hazelnut]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 23 |9 Sep | Houblon | [[Humulus lupulus|Hops]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 24 |10 Sep | Sorgho | [[Sorghum]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 25 |11 Sep | Écrevisse | [[Crayfish]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 26 |12 Sep | Bigarade | [[Bitter orange]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 27 |13 Sep | Verge d'or | [[Goldenrod]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 28 |14 Sep | Maïs | [[Maize]] or Corn }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 29 |15 Sep | Marron | [[Sweet Chestnut]] }}
{{FrRepCalLine | 30 |16 Sep | Panier | [[Pack basket|Pack Basket]] }}
{{FrRepCalFoot}}

|}

== Conversion to conventional timekeeping ==

===During the Republic ===

[[File:Fontaine d'Octon.JPG|thumb|Fountain in [[Octon, Hérault]], with date ''5 Ventôse an 109'' (24 February 1901)]]

Below are the Gregorian dates each year of the Republican Era (''Ère Républicaine'' in French) began while the calendar was in effect.

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCCCFF;"
! ER
! AD/CE
|-
| I (1)
| 22 September 1792
|-
| II (2)
| 22 September 1793
|-
| III (3)
| {{yes2}} 22 September 1794
|-
| IV (4)
| 23 September 1795*
|-
| V (5)
| 22 September 1796
|-
| VI (6)
| 22 September 1797
|-
| VII (7)
| {{yes2}} 22 September 1798
|-
| VIII (8)
| 23 September 1799*
|-
| IX (9)
| 23 September 1800
|-
| X (10)
| 23 September 1801
|-
| XI (11)
| {{yes2}} 23 September 1802
|-
| XII (12)
| 24 September 1803*
|-
| XIII (13)
| 23 September 1804
|-
| XIV (14)
| 23 September 1805
|-
|| ||
|-
| LXXIX (79)
| 23 September 1870
|} Leap years are highlighted
* Extra (sextile) day inserted before date, due to previous leap year<ref>{{cite book |last1=Parise |first1=Frank |title=The Book of Calendars |date=2002 |publisher=Gorgias Press |isbn=978-1-931956-76-5 |pages=376}}</ref>

===After the Republic===

The Republican Calendar was abolished in the year XIV (1805). After this year, there are two historically attested calendars which may be used to determine dates. Both calendars gave the same dates for years 17 to 52 (1808–1844), always beginning on 23 September, and it was suggested, but never adopted, that the reformed calendar be implemented during this period, before the Republican Calendar was abolished.
* '' Republican Calendar:'' The only legal calendar during the Republic. The first day of the year, 1 Vendémiaire, is always the day the autumn equinox occurs in Paris. About every 30 years, leap years are 5 years apart instead of 4, as happened between the leap years 15 and 20.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aec6AAAAcAAJ |title=Concordance de l'Annuaire de la République française avec le calendrier grégorien |author=Sébastien Louis Rosaz |date=1810}}</ref> The lengths of the first 524 years were calculated by [[Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre]].
* ''Reformed Republican Calendar:'' Following a proposal by Delambre in order to make leap years regular and predictable, with leap years being every year divisible by 4, except years divisible by 100 and not by 400. Years divisible by 4000 would also be ordinary years. Intended to be implemented in year 3, the reformed calendar was abandoned after the death of Romme, the head of the calendar committee. This calendar also has the benefit that every year in the third century of the Republican Era (1992–2091) begins on 22 September.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://prairial.free.fr/calendrier/calendrier.php?lien=discoursromme |title=Brumaire – Calendrier Républicain |publisher=Prairial.free.fr |access-date=30 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518123151/http://prairial.free.fr/calendrier/calendrier.php?lien=discoursromme |archive-date=18 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCCCFF;"
! ER
! AD/CE
! Republican
! Reformed
|-
|
XV (15)
|
1806
| {{yes2}} 
23 September
|
23 September
|-
|
XVI (16)
|
1807
|
24 September*
| {{yes2}} 
23 September
|-
|
XVII (17)
|
1808
|
23 September
|
23 September*
|-
|
XVIII (18)
|
1809
|
23 September
|
23 September
|-
|
XIX (19)
|
1810
|
23 September
|
23 September
|-
|
XX (20)
|
1811
| {{yes2}} 
23 September
| {{yes2}} 
23 September
|-
|| || || |
|-
|
CCXXIX (229)
|
2020
|
22 September
|
22 September*
|-
|
CCXXX (230)
|
2021
| {{yes2}} 
22 September
|
22 September
|-
|
CCXXXI (231)
|
2022
|
23 September*
|
22 September
|-
|
CCXXXII (232)
|
2023
|
23 September
| {{yes2}} 
22 September
|-
|
CCXXXIII (233)
|
2024
|
22 September
|
22 September*
|-
|
CCXXXIV (234)
|
2025
| {{yes2}} 
22 September
|
22 September
|-
|
CCXXXV (235)
|
2026
|
23 September*
|
22 September
|-
|
CCXXXVI (236)
|
2027
|
23 September
| {{yes2}} 
22 September
|-
|
CCXXXVII (237)
|
2028
|
22 September
|
22 September*
|-
|
CCXXXVIII (238)
|
2029
|
22 September
|
22 September
|-
|
CCXXXIX (239)
|
2030
| {{yes2}} 
22 September
|
22 September
|-
|
CCXL (240)
|
2031
|
23 September*
| {{yes2}} 
22 September
|-
|
CCXLI (241)
|
2032
|
22 September
|
22 September*
|}Leap years are highlighted
* Extra (sextile) day inserted before date, due to previous leap year

=== Current date and time ===
For this calendar, Delambre's revised method of calculating leap years is used. Other methods may differ by one day. Time may be cached and therefore not accurate. Decimal time is according to Paris mean time, which is 9 minutes 21 seconds (6.49 decimal minutes) ahead of [[Greenwich Mean Time]]. ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_Republican_calendar&action=purge This tool] calibrates the time, if calibration is desired.)

{{Republican Calendar}}
{| style="margin:auto;"
|}

== References to the calendar ==
{{original research|section|date=October 2017}}
{{See also|Glossary of the French Revolution#Events commonly known by their Revolutionary dates}}
[[File:Ecole normale supérieure 2.JPG|thumb|''Décret de la Convention 9 Brumaire An III'' above the entrance to the [[École Normale Supérieure|ENS]]]]
The "[[Coup of 18 Brumaire]]" or "Brumaire" was the [[coup d'état]] of [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] on 18 Brumaire An VIII (9 November 1799), which many historians consider to be the end of the French Revolution. [[Karl Marx]]'s 1852 essay ''[[The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte]]'' compares [[1851 French coup d'état|the coup d'état of 1851]] of [[Louis Napoléon]] unfavorably to his uncle's earlier coup, with the statement "History repeats ... first as tragedy, then as farce".

Another famous revolutionary date is [[Thermidorian Reaction|9 Thermidor An II]] (27 July 1794), the date the Convention turned against [[Maximilien Robespierre]], who, along with others associated with [[the Mountain]], was [[guillotine]]d the following day.

[[Émile Zola]]'s novel ''[[Germinal (novel)|Germinal]]'' takes its name from the calendar's month of Germinal.

The seafood dish [[Lobster Thermidor]] was named after the 1891 play ''[[Thermidor (play)|Thermidor]]'', set during the Revolution.<ref name="James2006">{{cite book |last=James |first=Kenneth |title=Escoffier: The King of Chefs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFIDd639wlQC&pg=PA44 |access-date=11 March 2012 |date=15 November 2006 |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-85285-526-0 |page=44 |archive-date=27 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527074323/https://books.google.com/books?id=JFIDd639wlQC&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lobster%20thermidor |title=Lobster thermidor |work=Online Dictionary |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]] |access-date=11 March 2012 |archive-date=20 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620120039/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lobster%20thermidor |url-status=live }}</ref>

The French frigates of the [[Floréal-class frigate|''Floréal'' class]] all bear names of Republican months.

The months in [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s Nûmenorean Calendar are those of the Republican Calendar, translated into Elvish language.<ref>https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Kings%27_Reckoning</ref>

== See also ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Agricultural cycle]]
* [[Calendar reform]]
* [[Soviet calendar]]
* [[Solar Hijri calendar]], astronomical equinox-based calendar used in Iran
* [[World Calendar]]
{{colend}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin}}
* Ozouf, Mona, 'Revolutionary Calendar' in Furet, François and Mona Ozouf, eds., ''Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution'' (1989)
* Shaw, Matthew, ''Time and the French Revolution: a history of the French Republican Calendar, 1789-Year XIV'' (2011)
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|French Republican Calendar}}
{{Wikisource|fr:Décret de la Convention nationale portant sur la création du calendrier républicain|Decree of the National Convention on the establishment of the Republican calendar}}
* [https://calendarhome.com/calculate/convert-a-date Date converter for numerous calendars, including this one]
* [http://www.napoleon-empire.net/en/republican-calendar.php. Simple converter from Gregorian date to Republican date and vice versa. Limited to the period during which the latter was actually in use.]
* [https://github.com/davkat1/FrenchRepublicaniCalendar iCalendar files for the French Republican calendar, for use in Outlook, Google Calendar, etc.]
* [http://www.antique-horology.org/_Editorial/RepublicanCalendar/default.htm Dials & Symbols of the French revolution. The Republican Calendar and Decimal time.]

{{Calendars}}
{{Revolutionary calendar months}}
{{French Revolution}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:French Republican calendar| ]]
[[Category:Obsolete calendars]]
[[Category:Decimal time]]
[[Category:French First Republic|Calendar]]
[[Category:French Revolution|Calendar]]
[[Category:Republicanism in France|Calendar]]
[[Category:1792 establishments in France]]
[[Category:1790s in France]]
[[Category:1800s in France]]
[[Category:Autumn equinox]]