Editing French Lick, Indiana

{{redirect|French Lick|the site of [[Fort Nashborough]]|History of Nashville, Tennessee}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = French Lick, Indiana
|settlement_type          = [[Town]]

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = French Lick Springs Hotel front.jpg
|image_caption            = French Lick Springs Hotel
|image_flag               =
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = Orange County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas French Lick Highlighted 1825972.svg
|mapsize                  = 250x200px
|map_caption              = Location within [[Indiana]] and [[Orange County, Indiana|Orange County]]
|image_map1               =
|map_caption1             =

<!-- Location -->
|coordinates_footnotes    =
|coordinates              = {{coord|38|32|46|N|86|37|13|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Indiana]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Indiana|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Orange County, Indiana|Orange]]
|subdivision_type3        = [[List of townships in Indiana|Township]]
|subdivision_name3        = [[French Lick Township, Orange County, Indiana|French Lick]]

<!-- Established -->
|established_title        = Founded
|established_date         =
|established_title1       = [[Platted]]
|established_date1        =
|established_title2       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date2        =
|named_for                =

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     =
|government_type          =
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              =

<!-- Area -->
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_18.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 16, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi         = 1.82
|area_land_sq_mi          = 1.82
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
|area_total_km2           = 4.72
|area_land_km2            = 4.72
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|unit_pref                = Imperial

<!-- Elevation -->
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 568

<!-- Population -->
|population_footnotes     =
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_total         = 1722
|pop_est_footnotes        =
|pop_est_as_of            =
|population_est           =
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|population_density_km2   = auto

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset               = −5
|timezone_DST             = EDT
|utc_offset_DST           = −4
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code              = 47432
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code                = [[Area code 812|812]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 18-25972<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS ID]]
|blank1_info              = 2396952<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2396952}}</ref>
|website                  =
}}

'''French Lick''' is a town in [[French Lick Township, Orange County, Indiana]], United States.<ref name=gnis/> The population was 1,722 at the time of the 2020 census.

== History ==
French Lick was originally a [[France|French]] [[trading post]] built near a spring and [[salt lick]]. A fortified ranger post was established near the springs in 1811. On Johnson's 1837 map of Indiana, the community was known as Salt Spring. The town was founded in 1857.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_EVQ0AQAAMAAJ | title=History of Lawrence, Orange, and Washington Counties, Indiana: From the Earliest Time to the Present | publisher=Higginson Book Company | year=1884 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_EVQ0AQAAMAAJ/page/n515 505]}}</ref> French Lick's post office has been in operation since 1847.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=IN&county=Orange | title=Orange County | publisher=Jim Forte Postal History | access-date=May 2, 2017}}</ref>

The [[sulfur]] springs were commercially exploited for medical benefits starting in 1840. By the latter half of the 19th century, French Lick was famous in the United States as a spa town. In the early 20th century it also featured casinos attracting celebrities such as boxer [[Joe Louis]], composer [[Irving Berlin]] and gangster [[Al Capone]].

Because of wartime travel restrictions, the [[Chicago Cubs]] and [[Chicago White Sox]] held [[spring training]] in French Lick from 1943 to 1944; in 1945 the Cubs stayed in town while the White Sox moved to Terre Haute, utilizing [[Memorial Stadium (Terre Haute)|Memorial Stadium]]. In order to conserve rail transport during [[World War II]], 1943 spring training was limited to an area east of the [[Mississippi River]] and north of the [[Ohio River]].<ref>Suehsdorf, A. D. (1978). ''The Great American Baseball Scrapbook'', p. 103. Random House. {{ISBN|0-394-50253-1}}.</ref>

The [[French Lick Resort Casino]] was the focal point of most of the entertainment; the hotel remained open well after the casinos were closed down and the heyday of the town was well past. The resort closed for renovation in 2005 and re-opened in 2006.

[[Pluto Water]], a best-selling laxative of the first half of the 20th century, was bottled here.<ref>{{Cite book |last=International |first=Rotary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vEAEAAAAMBAJ&dq=French+Lick,+Indiana+laxative&pg=PA52 |title=The Rotarian |date=1936 |publisher=Rotary International |language=en}}</ref> It was also home to a large {{nowrap|[[7 Up]]}} bottling facility, which ceased operations in the mid-20th century.

[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] announced his intention to run for president in June 1931 at a National Governors' Convention held at the French Lick Springs Hotel.<ref>{{cite web |last=|first=|title=History of French Lick Resort|url=https://www.frenchlick.com/history.htm#:~:text=During%20the%20National%20Governor's%20Conference,won%20the%20presidency%20in%201932.|date=February 18, 2019}}</ref>

In 2015, the Pete Dye Course at French Lick Resort played host to the [[Senior PGA Championship|KitchenAid Senior PGA Championship.]]

[[File:French Lick, Indiana.jpg|thumb|Photo from Small Town Indiana photo survey.]]

==Geography==
According to the 2010 census, French Lick has a total area of {{convert|1.77|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="census-g001">{{cite web
  |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1825972
  |title=G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1
  |access-date=July 16, 2015
  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213082451/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1825972
  |archive-date=February 13, 2020
  |url-status=dead
  }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1900= 260
|1910= 1803
|1920= 1980
|1930= 2462
|1940= 2042
|1950= 1946
|1960= 1954
|1970= 2059
|1980= 2265
|1990= 2087
|2000= 1941
|2010= 1807
|2020= 1722
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 11, 2012}}</ref> of 2010, there were 1,807 people, 764 households, and 439 families living in the town. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1020.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 924 housing units at an average density of {{convert|522.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the town was 88.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 5.8% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.9% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.1% of the population.

There were 764 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.5% were non-families. 36.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.93.

The median age in the town was 39.2 years. 24% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.6% were from 25 to 44; 25.4% were from 45 to 64; and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.

===2000 census===
[[Image:PlutoSpring1903.jpg|thumb|upright|"Pluto Spring", French Lick, 1903]]

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,941 people, 849 households, and 513 families living in the town. The population density was {{convert|1,196.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 948 housing units at an average density of {{convert|584.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 94.18% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 3.66% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.26% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.41% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.26% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.24% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.46% of the population.

There were 849 households, out of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.5% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.0% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $27,197, and the median income for a family was $36,583. Males had a median income of $26,046 versus $17,346 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $15,113. About 11.8% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 33.7% of those under age 18 and 17.8% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
[[File:Springs Valley Junior Senior High School.jpg|thumb|[[Springs Valley Junior-Senior High School]]]]
It is in the [[Springs Valley Community School Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st18_in/schooldistrict_maps/c18117_orange/DC20SD_C18117.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Orange County, IN|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-06-12}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st18_in/schooldistrict_maps/c18117_orange/DC20SD_C18117_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> The zoned secondary school is [[Springs Valley High School]] (junior and senior high school). 

The Springs Valley district was formed in 1957, when the schools of French Lick and West Baden consolidated.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rex Wells to Coach Springs Valley School|newspaper=[[The Herald (Jasper, Indiana)|The Herald]]|place=[[Jasper, Indiana]]|date=1957-07-24|volume=62|issue=244|pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/149197857/ 1], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/149197899/ 12]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> French Lick High School was established in 1909, and it consolidated in 1957.<ref>{{cite news|title=Alumni Banquet|newspaper=[[The Dubois County Daily Herald]]|place=[[Jasper, Indiana]]|date=1972-04-26|page=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/149198795/ 10]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> French Lick had the "Red Devils" as a mascot, based on [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], the ruler of the [[underworld]] in [[Greek mythology]]. The school colors were red and white. Prior to the consolidation, French Lick and West Baden Springs high schools were athletic rivals.<ref>{{cite web|last= Blackford|first=Nathan|url=https://www.evansvilleliving.com/schools-out-forever/|title=School’s Out Forever|magazine=[[Evansville Living]]|place=[[Evansville, Indiana]]|date=2014-07-15|access-date=2024-06-12}}</ref>

The town has a lending library, the Melton Public Library.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.in.gov/library/files/countyindex13.pdf | title=Indiana public library directory | publisher=Indiana State Library | access-date=March 14, 2018 | archive-date=February 18, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218220414/http://in.gov/library/files/countyindex13.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Larry Bird]], professional basketball player. Bird started at the high school team of [[Springs Valley High School]], where he left as the school's all-time scoring leader; he became nicknamed "the Hick from French Lick"
* [[Jerry Reynolds (basketball coach)|Jerry Reynolds]], former [[Sacramento Kings]] [[head coach]]

==References==
{{Commonscat}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Orange County, Indiana}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Orange County, Indiana]]
[[Category:Towns in Indiana]]
[[Category:Spa towns in the United States]]