Editing Fredrikstad

{{For|the hamlet in South Africa|Frederikstad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox kommune
| name               = Fredrikstad
| native_name        =
| native_name_lang   =
| other_name         =
| official_name      =
| idnumber           = 3107
|image_skyline     = {{Photomontage
|photo1a           = Fredrikstad bridge - view from the the old town's port.jpg
|photo3a           = 2.10-old town fredrikstad.jpg
|size              = 275
|position          = center
|spacing           = Number indicating width of spacing between the images (default: 1)
|color             = Color of spacing between the images (default: black)
|border            = Number indicating width of border surrounding the montage (default: 1)
|color_border      = Color of border surrounding the montage (default: black)
|text              =
|text_background   = Color of background behind text (default: #F8F8FF)
|foot_montage      = }}
|image_caption     = '''Above''': Panorama view of [[Glomma|Glomma River]] and [[Fredrikstad Bridge|Fredrikstadbrua]], from [[Fredrikstad Fortress]]<br/>'''Bottom''': Aerial view of Tøihusgaten and Isegran heritage town area 
| county             = Østfold
| district           = [[Eastern Norway]]
| capital            = Fredrikstad
| language           = [[Bokmål]]
| coatofarms         = Fredrikstad komm.svg
| flag               = Flag of Fredrikstad.svg
| munwebpage         = www.fredrikstad.kommune.no
| mayor              = Arne Sekkelsten
| mayor_party        = [[Conservative Party (Norway)|H]]
| mayor_as_of        = 2023
| area_rank          = 269
| area_total_km2     = 293
| area_land_km2      = 284
| area_water_percent = 0.09
| population_as_of   = 31 December 2024
| population_rank    = 10
| population_total   = 85,862 {{increase}}
| populationpercent  = 1.53
| population_density_km2 = 293
| population_increase    = 8.6
| coordinates        = {{coord|59|12|19|N|10|57|0|E|region:NO|display=inline,title}}
| utm_zone = 32V | utm_northing = 6564541 | utm_easting = 0611364 | geo_cat = adm2nd
}}
[[File:-i---i- (36849052812).jpg|thumb|right|[[Fredrikstad Cathedral]]]]
[[File:Old Town, Fredrikstad - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Old Town Fredrikstad]]
[[File:Fredrikstad bryggepromenade fra Kråkerøybroa.JPG|thumb|right|Riverside promenade in Fredrikstad]]
'''Fredrikstad''' ({{IPA|no|ˈfrɛ̀drɪkstɑ|lang|Fredrikstad.ogg}}; previously ''Frederiksstad''; literally "Fredrik's Town") is a [[List of cities in Norway|city]] and [[Municipalities of Norway|municipality]] in [[Østfold]] [[Counties of Norway|county]], Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad.

The city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 by [[Frederick II of Denmark|King Frederick II]], and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see ''[[formannskapsdistrikt]]''). The rural municipality of [[Glemmen]] was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964. The rural municipalities of [[Borge, Østfold|Borge]], [[Onsøy]], [[Kråkerøy]], and [[Rolvsøy]] were merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1994.

The city straddles the river [[Glomma]] where it meets the [[Skagerrak]], about {{convert|20|km|mi}} from the [[Sweden]] border. Along with neighboring [[Sarpsborg]], Fredrikstad forms the fifth largest city in Norway: [[Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg]]. As of 31 December 2024, according to [[Statistics Norway]], these two municipalities have a total population of 146,001 with 85,862 in Fredrikstad and 60,139 in Sarpsborg.

Fredrikstad was built at the mouth of Glomma as a replacement after Sarpsborg ({{convert|15|km|0|abbr=off}} upstream) was burnt down by the [[Swedish Army]] in the 1500s. Some of the citizens stayed behind and rebuilt their old town at its original site and got their city status back in 1839.

The city centre is on the west bank of the Glomma, while the old town on the east bank is Northern Europe's best preserved [[Fredrikstad Fortress|fortified town]].

Fredrikstad used to have a large sawmill industry and was an important [[harbour]] for timber export, then later on [[shipbuilding]], until the main yard was closed in 1988. The main [[Industry (economics)|industries]] are currently various [[chemistry|chemical]] plants and other light industry.

In 2005, Fredrikstad was the final host port for the [[Cutty Sark Tall Ships' Race|Tall Ships' Race]], attracting thousands to the city. In 2019, it was the first host port.

In 2017, Fredrikstad won the national award for most attractive city. The award is given yearly by the Norwegian government on the basis of social, economic and environmental factors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vg.no/i/gM8W1|title=Fredrikstad kåret til Norges mest attraktive by|website=vg.no|language=nb|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref>

==General information==

===Name===
The city was named after the [[Denmark|Danish]] king Frederick II in 1569. The last element ''stad'' means "city".

Prior to 1877, the name was spelled ''Frederiksstad'', then from 1877 to 1888 it was written as ''Fredriksstad'', and finally since 1889 it has been spelled in its current form: ''Fredrikstad''.

===Coat-of-arms===
The [[Coat of arms|coat-of-arms]] is from modern times. They were granted on 21 April 1967. The old arms are based on the oldest known seal of the city, which dates from 1610. They showed a [[fortress]] being guarded by a bear. Strangely, Fredrikstad had no fortifications in 1610 (it received some at the end of the 17th century). Fredrikstad was founded by citizens of Sarpsborg and both the fortress and the bear are taken from the old arms of Sarpsborg. The composition of the seal was also used as arms since the beginning of the 19th century. The new arms were granted at the 400th anniversary of the city in 1967 and show a more modern variation on the fortress and bear.<ref>{{cite web|author=Norske Kommunevåpen|year=1990|title=Nye kommunevåbener i Norden|url=http://www.ngw.nl/int/nor/f/fredriks.htm|access-date=2008-12-13}}</ref>

==History==
After [[Sarpsborg]], which was founded by [[Olav the Holy]] in 1016, was burned to the ground by the [[Swedes]] during the [[Northern Seven Years' War]], the ruling king, [[Frederik II of Denmark|Frederik II]], decided by [[royal decree]] to build a new town {{convert|15|km|mi|0}} south of the original location. The new town was founded in 1567 as '''Sarpsborg''', regarded as a reconstruction of the original town. This new site's proximity to the sea and the accessible open land surrounding it made it a better location than the old one. The name Fredrikstad was first used in a letter from the King dated 6 February 1569. The temporary fortification built during the [[Hannibal War]] (1644–1645) between [[Sweden]] and [[Denmark-Norway]], became permanent in the 1660s.

The work on the fortifications was first led by [[Willem Coucheron]] and later [[Johan Caspar von Cicignon]]. During the next 60 years, several fortifications at the [[Fredrikstad Fortress]] were built, including Isegran, Kongsten, and Cicignon. In 1735, a suburb on the western side of Glomma, ''Vestsiden'', was founded. This part later grew faster than
the old city, and became the dominant city centre. Most of the buildings in the old city burned down during a fire in 1764.

In the 1840s, timber exporting from Fredrikstad started to gain momentum. In the 1860s, several steam powered saws were built along the river, and in 1879 the railway reached Fredrikstad, leading to further growth. With the decline of the timber exports as a result of the modernization of wood-processing industries in the early 1900s, Fredrikstad's production changed to other types of products. It later became one of Norway's most important industrial centres, famous for its large [[shipyard]], [[Fredrikstad Mekaniske Verksted]].

== Education ==
Fredrikstad has three high schools. [[Frederik II Upper Secondary School]] offers general studies and financial / administrative studies. It is a merger of the former {{ill|Frydenberg Gymnastic|no|Fredrikstad høiere almenskole}} and Christianslund Handelsgymnasium. {{ill|Glemmen High School|no|Glemmen videregående skole}} offers professional training and study. {{ill|Wang Toppidrett Frederikstad|no|WANG Toppidrett Fredrikstad}} offers sports, science, languages, social sciences and economics. In addition, there is a [[Waldorf education|Steiner]] school, a [[Private school|private]] educational alternative.

[[Østfold University College]] offers higher education (master's and bachelor's studies) at the Academy of Performing Arts, Faculty of Health and Social Care and the Faculty of Engineering at Kråkerøy. {{ill|Østfold Vocational College|no|Østfold fagskole}} offers short professional craft or technical courses. The Department of Journalism offers primarily continuing education for journalists and editors.

==Fredrikstad Museum==
Fredrikstad Museum is located in Old Fredrikstad. The museum shows the history of the city and the surrounding region. The museum also manages Elingaard Manor in Onsøy and Torgauten Fort. Fredrikstad Museum was founded in 1903. Since 2003, the museum's management has been located in Tøihuset in Old Town.<ref>[http://ostfoldmuseene.no/museene/fredrikstad_museum/ ''Fredrikstad museum'' (Østfoldmuseene Org)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403080018/http://ostfoldmuseene.no/museene/fredrikstad_museum/ |date=3 April 2015 }}</ref>

==Sport==
Fredrikstad is home to nine-time Norway football winners [[Fredrikstad FK]] who play at the [[Fredrikstad Stadion]]. [[Egil Olsen]], manager for the Norwegian national football team, is from Fredrikstad.<ref name=Olsen>{{cite web |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/l/l98779.html |title=Olsen: Manager |website=BDFutbol |access-date=28 March 2021 }}</ref> There is also an American football team, the Fredrikstad Eagles.

Fredrikstad has a [[REMA 1000-ligaen (women's handball)|top-division]] handball team, [[Fredrikstad BK]], and a [[Eliteserien (ice hockey)|top-division]] ice hockey team, [[Stjernen Hockey]].

The city also has a number of [[floorball]] teams, including [[Slevik IBK]], Fredrikstad IBK and St. Croix Pirates.

==Notable residents==
=== Public service ===
[[File:Henrik Bjelke.jpg|140px|thumb|Henrik Bjelke, ca.1650]]
[[File:Nlc amundsen.jpg|140px|thumb|Roald Amundsen, ca.1908]]
* [[Albert Andriessen Bradt]] (ca.1607 in Fredrikstad – 1686) a Norwegian settler in [[New Netherland]]
* [[Henrik Bjelke]] (1615 on Onsøy – 1683) a Norwegian-Danish Admiral of the Realm 1662 to 1679
* [[Jørgen Bjelke]] (1621 on Onsøy – 1696) an officer and nobleman from [[Elingaard|Elingaard Manor]] 
* [[Johan Caspar von Cicignon]] (ca.1625-1696) general and engineer, lived in Fredrikstad
* [[Hans Jacob Stabel]] (1769 in Onsøy – 1836) priest and rep. at [[Norwegian Constituent Assembly]]
* [[Hans Nielsen Hauge]] (1771 in Rolvsøy – 1824) revivalist preacher for the [[Hauge Synod]]<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle= Hauge, Hans Nielsen | volume= 13 | page = 65&ndash;66 |short= x}}</ref>
* [[Johannes Wilhelm Christian Dietrichson]] (1815 in Fredrikstad – 1883) a Lutheran Minister
* [[Ole Jacob Broch]] (1818 in Fredrikstad – 1889) physicist, economist and Govt. minister
* [[Ole Peter Petersen]] (1822 in Fredrikstad – 1901) founder of [[Methodism]] in Norway and co-founder of Norwegian and Danish Methodism in the United States
* [[Katti Anker Møller]] (1868–1945) feminist and advocate for reproductive rights
* [[Hieronymus Heyerdahl (1867–1959)|Hieronymus Heyerdahl]] (1867 in Fredrikstad – 1959) lawyer and Mayor of Oslo, 1911 to 1914
* [[Waldemar Ager]] (1869 in Fredrikstad – 1941) newspaperman in [[Eau Claire, Wisconsin]]
* [[Johan Oscar Smith]] (1871 in Fredrikstad – 1943) founder of the [[Brunstad Christian Church]]
* [[Roald Amundsen]] (1872 in Borge – 1928) a Norwegian explorer of polar regions
* [[Charles Anderson (mayor)|Charles Anderson]] (1875 in Fredrikstad – 1949) Mayor of [[Murray, Utah]] 1920–1923
* [[Nils F. Ambursen]] (1876 in Fredrikstad – 1953) civil engineer and inventor, designed dams
* [[Peder Kolstad]] (1878 in Borge – 1932) [[Prime Minister of Norway]], 1931 to 1932
* [[Johannes Brun (officer)|Johannes Brun]] (1891 in Fredrikstad – 1977) military officer and bridge champion
* [[Tove Mohr]] (1891 in Thorsø – 1981) a physician, socialist and proponent for women's rights
* [[Jens Gram Jr.]] (1897 in Fredrikstad – 1982) barrister and politician
* [[Ragnvald Marensius Gundersen]] (1907 in Glemmen – 1985) Mayor of Fredrikstad 1945–1965
* [[Rolf Jørgen Fuglesang]] (1909 in Fredrikstad – 1988) Govt. minister in WWII for [[Vidkun Quisling]]
* [[Bernt Karsten Øksendal]] (born 1945 in Fredrikstad) a Norwegian mathematician
* [[Svein Aaser]] (born 1946 in Fredrikstad) former CEO of ''[[DnB NOR]]'', the large financial group
* [[Tore Eriksen]] (born 1947 in Fredrikstad) economist, diplomat and civil servant; ''"Norway's most powerful bureaucrat"''
* [[Louise Kathrine Dedichen]] (born 1964 in Fredrikstad) Vice-admiral, rep. on the [[NATO Military Committee]]

=== Arts ===
[[File:Karsten Andersen 1964.jpg|140px|thumb|Karsten Andersen, 1964]]
* [[Eyvind Alnæs]] (1872 in Fredrikstad – 1932) composer, pianist, organist and choir director
* [[Harald Heide]] (1876 in Fredrikstad – 1956) violinist, conductor and composer
* [[Hans Jacob Nilsen]] (1897 in Fredrikstad – 1957) actor, theatre director and film director<ref>{{cite web |author=Kari Gaarder Losnedahl |url=https://nbl.snl.no/Hans_Jacob_Nilsen |title=Hans Jacob Nilsen |website=Norsk biografisk leksikon |via=Store norske leksikon |date=16 December 2010 |language=no }}</ref>
* [[Tore Segelcke]] (1901 in Fredrikstad – 1979) actress<ref>{{cite web |author=Lillian Bikset |url=https://snl.no/Tore_Segelcke |title=Tore Segelcke |website=Store norske leksikon |date=20 November 2020 |language=no }}</ref>
* [[Herbert Herding]], stage name Herberth (1904 in Fredrikstad – 1958) revue writer, revue artist, and theater director
* [[Georg Løkkeberg]] (1909 in Fredrikstad – 1986) actor and theatre director<ref>{{cite web |author1=Oskar Henriksen |author2=Anne Eilertsen |display-authors=etal |url=https://snl.no/Georg_L%C3%B8kkeberg |title=Georg Løkkeberg |website=Store norske leksikon |date=16 December 2020 |language=no }}</ref>
* [[Herman Hebler]] (1911-2007) a [[Printmaking|printmaker]] and graphic artist, lived in Fredrikstad
* [[Karsten Andersen]] (1920 in Fredrikstad – 1997) conductor
* [[Arne Dørumsgaard]] (1921 in Fredrikstad – 2006) composer, poet and music collector
* [[Bjørn Johansen (musician)|Bjørn Johansen]] (1940 in Fredrikstad – 2002) an influential Norwegian jazz musician
* [[Gerd Brantenberg]] (born 1941) author, teacher and feminist writer, grew up in Fredrikstad
* [[Jon Mostad]] (born 1942 in Fredrikstad) composer
<!-- * [[Dag Frøland]] (1945–2010) comedian, revue artist and singer; brought up in Fredrikstad ------ The only refs I can see derive the info from Wikipedia. -->
* [[Terje Formoe]] (born 1949 in Fredrikstad) singer/songwriter, actor, playwright and author<ref>{{cite web |author1=Anne Marit Godal |author2=Ida Scott |display-authors=etal |url=https://snl.no/Terje_Formoe |title=Terje Formoe |website=Store norske leksikon |date=6 June 2019 |language=no }}</ref>
* [[Jørn Christensen]] (born 1959) artist, actor and record producer
* [[Dennis Storhøi]] (born 1960 in Fredrikstad) actor<ref>{{cite news |author=Rainer Prang |url=https://www.nrk.no/osloogviken/dennis-til-morgenstudio-1.6628980 |title=Dennis til morgenstudio |publisher=NRK |date=28 May 2009 |access-date=28 March 2021 |language=no }}</ref>
* [[Petronella Barker (actress, born 1965)|Petronella Barker]] (born 1965) British-born Norwegian actress, grew up in Fredrikstad<ref>{{cite news |author=Elisabeth Skovly |url=https://www.f-b.no/kjendisen-fra-krakeroy/x/5-59-1049167 |title=Kjendisen Fra Kråkerøy |newspaper=Fredrikstad Blad |type=interview |date=12 March 2018 |access-date=28 March 2021 |language=no }}</ref>
* [[Harald Zwart]] (born 1965) Dutch-Norwegian film director, grew up in Fredrikstad<ref>{{cite web |author=Gunnar Iversen |url=https://nbl.snl.no/Harald_Zwart |title=Harald Zwart |website=Norsk biografisk leksikon |via=Store norske leksikon |date=13 February 2009 |language=no }}</ref>
* [[Andy LaPlegua]] (born 1975 in Fredrikstad) singer / songwriter, founded [[Combichrist]], [[Icon of Coil]] and [[Panzer AG]]

=== Sport ===
[[File:SVA00 - Jørn Andersen 6422a.jpg|140px|thumb|Jørn Andersen, 2015]]
* [[Charles Hoff]] (1902 in Fredrikstad – 1985) athlete, coach, and sports journalist
* [[Arne Pedersen]] (1931 in Fredrikstad – 2013) footballer with [[Fredrikstad FK]], with 231 club caps and 40 for [[Norway national football team|Norway]]
* [[Roar Johansen (footballer)|Roar Johansen]] (1935 in Fredrikstad – 2015) footballer and manager with [[Fredrikstad FK]], with 190 club caps and 61 for [[Norway national football team|Norway]]
* [[Egil Olsen|Egil "Drillo" Olsen]] (born 1942 in Fredrikstad) manager of [[Norway national football team]]<ref name=Olsen/>
* [[Per Egil Ahlsen]] (born 1958 in Fredrikstad) footballer with 350 club caps and 54 for [[Norway national football team|Norway]]
* [[Harald Huysman]] (born 1959 in Frederikstad), racing driver
* [[Jørn Andersen]] (born 1963 in Fredrikstad) football manager with 454 club caps, 27 for [[Norway national football team|Norway]]
* [[Erik Lund (rugby union)|Erik Lund]] (born 1979 in Fredrikstad) former rugby union footballer
* [[Kari Mette Johansen]] (born 1979 in Fredrikstad) team handballer, twice Olympic team champion
* [[Stian Paulsen]] (born 1987 in Frederikstad), racing driver
* [[Isabell Herlovsen]] (born 1988) footballer with 133 caps with [[Norway women's national football team|Norway women]]; lives in Fredrikstad
* [[Tarik Elyounoussi]] (born 1988) footballer, played for [[Fredrikstad FK]], 60 caps with [[Norway national football team|Norway]]
* [[Vegard Stake Laengen]] (born 1989) professional cyclist for [[UAE Team Emirates]], lives in Fredrikstad
* [[Oliver Solberg]] (born 2001 in Frederikstad) Swedish-Norwegian rally driver

{| style="float: right;" class="wikitable"
|+ '''Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Fredrikstad by country of origin in 2021'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population|url=https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=FolkInnvkatLand&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=innvbef&StatVariant=&checked=true|access-date=6 August 2021|publisher=ssb.no}}</ref>
 
|-
! style="background:#efefef;"|Ancestry
! style="background:#efefef;"|Number
|-
| {{flag|Iraq}}||2,348
|-
| {{flag|Somalia}}||1,626
|-
| {{flag|Poland}}||1,500
|-
| {{flag|Kosovo}}||893
|-
| {{flag|Syria}}||813
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}}||715
|-
| {{flag|Bosnia-Herzegovina}}||667
|-
| {{flag|Iran}}||548
|-
| {{flag|Lithuania}}||417
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan}}||382
|-
| {{flag|Denmark}}||314
|-
| {{flag|Russia}}||307
|-
| {{flag|Thailand}}||291
|-
| {{flag|Germany}}||277
|-
| {{flag|Philippines}}||261
|-
| {{flag|Eritrea}}||254
|-
| {{flag|Vietnam}}||215
|}

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway}}

===Twin towns – sister cities===
The following cities are [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with Fredrikstad:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fredrikstad.kommune.no/Om-kommunen/Vare-vennskapskommuner/ |title=Våre vennskapsbyer |access-date=2008-12-16 |publisher=Fredrikstad kommune |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201063451/http://www.fredrikstad.kommune.no/Om-kommunen/Vare-vennskapskommuner/ |archive-date=1 December 2007 |language=no}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%; background:#FFFFEF; float:left;"
|-
! City
! Region
! Country
|-
| [[File:Coat of arms of Aalborg.svg|22px]] [[Aalborg]]<ref name="Aalborg twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.europeprize.net/en/?page_id=5|title=Aalborg Twin Towns|publisher=Europeprize.net|access-date=19 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907145357/http://www.europeprize.net/en/?page_id=5|archive-date=7 September 2013}}</ref>
| [[File:House mark of the North Jutland Region.svg|21px]] [[North Denmark Region]]
| {{flag|Denmark}}
|-
| [[File:Byggðamerki Norðurþings.svg|20px]] [[Húsavík]]
| {{flagicon|ISL}} [[Suður-Þingeyjarsýsla]]
| {{flag|Iceland}}
|-
| [[File:Kotka.vaakuna.svg|20px]] [[Kotka]]<ref name="Kotka twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.kotka.fi/alltypes.asp?d_type=5&menu_id=2746&menupath=2746#aa2746|title=Kotka – International co-operation: Twin Cities|access-date=2013-10-22|author=Raino Hassinen|publisher=City of Kotka|archive-date=29 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629023313/http://www.kotka.fi/alltypes.asp?d_type=5&menu_id=2746&menupath=2746#aa2746|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| [[File:Kymenlaakson maakunnan vaakuna.svg|20px]] [[Kymenlaakso]]
| {{flag|Finland}}
|-
| [[File:Karlskoga kommunvapen - Riksarkivet Sverige.png|20px]] [[Karlskoga Municipality|Karlskoga]]
| [[File:Örebro länsvapen - Riksarkivet Sverige.png|20px]] [[Örebro County|Örebro]]
| {{flag|Sweden}}
|-
| [[Patzún]]
| {{flagicon|GUA}} [[Chimaltenango Department|Chimaltenango]]
| {{flag|Guatemala}}
|-
| [[San Martín Jilotepeque]]
| {{flagicon|GUA}} [[Chimaltenango Department|Chimaltenango]]
| {{flag|Guatemala}}
|-
| [[Zhuzhou]]
| {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Hunan]]
| {{flag|China}}
|}
{{clear}}

==See also==
*[[Norsk Teknisk Porselen]]

==References==

===Footnotes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
* ''Aschehougs Konversasjonsleksikon'', Volume 7. Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co, 1969. {{In lang|no}}.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Fredrikstad (city)|Fredrikstad}}
{{Subject bar
|commons        = y
|voy            = y
|wikt           = y
|s              = y
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* [http://bradt-family-society.weebly.com/ Bratt Family from Fredrikstad]

{{Østfold}}
{{Most populous urban areas of Norway|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Fredrikstad| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Østfold]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Norway]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Norway]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Glomma River]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Norway]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1567]]
[[Category:1567 establishments in Norway]]
[[Category:Frederick II of Denmark]]