Editing Fredericton

{{Short description|Capital city of New Brunswick, Canada}}
{{About|the capital of New Brunswick}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Fredericton
| official_name      = The City of Fredericton{{refn|group="lower-alpha"|Legal name is The City of Fredericton.<ref>{{cite web |title=NEW BRUNSWICK REGULATION 85-6 under the Municipalities Act (O. C. 85-45) |url=https://laws.gnb.ca/en/showdoc/cr/85-6|website=Government of New Brunswick |access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref> Even in French, the legal name is The City of Fredericton.<ref>{{cite web |title=RÈGLEMENT DU NOUVEAU-BRUNSWICK 85-6 pris en vertu de la Loi sur les municipalités (D.C. 85-45) |url=http://laws.gnb.ca/fr/showdoc/cr/85-6 |website=Government of New Brunswick |access-date=17 August 2021}}</ref>}}
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities in New Brunswick|City]]
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Skyline of Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.jpg
| photo2a = Nashwaak River, Fredericton, NB (29905645230).jpg
| photo2b = Christ Church Cathedral, Fredericton 3.jpg
| photo3a = Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in Fredericton, Canada.jpg
| size    = 245
| color   = white
| color_border = white
}}
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = From top to bottom; left to right: Fredericton skyline, Pedestrian bridge of the [[Nashwaak River]], [[Christ Church Cathedral (Fredericton)|Christ Church Cathedral]], [[New Brunswick Legislative Building]]
| image_flag         = FrederictonNBCAFlag.jpg
| image_blank_emblem = City_of_Fredericton_wordmark.jpg
| blank_emblem_type  = Logo
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of Fredericton, New Brunswick.svg
| nicknames          = Freddy, Freddy Beach
| named_for          = [[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany]]
| motto              = "''Fredericopolis, silvae filia nobilis''"{{spaces|2}}<small>([[Latin]])<br/>"Fredericton, noble daughter of the forest"</small>
| image_map          = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=325|frame-height=325|stroke-color=#808080|stroke-width=3|zoom=10|frame-lat=45.95|frame-long=-66.666667|type=shape-inverse|id=Q2138|title=Fredericton}}
| map_caption        = Interactive map outlining Fredericton
| pushpin_map        = New Brunswick#Canada
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within [[New Brunswick]]##Location within [[Canada]]
| pushpin_relief     = yes
| coordinates        = {{coord|45|56|43|N|66|40|00|W|display=inline,title|region:CA-NB|notes=<ref>{{Cite cgndb|DAFMJ|Fredericton}}</ref>}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = Canada
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties of New Brunswick|County(s)]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Metropolitan area]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[New Brunswick]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[York County, New Brunswick|York]], [[Sunbury County, New Brunswick|Sunbury]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Greater Fredericton]]
| established_title  = Erected
| established_date   = 1786
| established_title1 = Incorporated
| established_date1  = 1848
| government_type    = [[Fredericton City Council]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = [[Kate Rogers (politician)|Kate Rogers]]<ref name="Mayor">{{cite web|url=https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/fredericton-councillor-defeats-incumbent-mayor-in-one-of-several-races-across-the-province-1.5442738|title=Fredericton councillor defeats incumbent mayor in one of several races across the province|date=25 May 2021|work=atlantic.ctvnews.ca}}</ref>
| leader_title1      = [[House of Commons of Canada|MPs]]
| leader_name1       = [[Jenica Atwin]] <small>([[Liberal Party of Canada|Lib.]])</small><br/>[[Richard Bragdon]] <small>([[Conservative Party of Canada|Con.]])</small>
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_footnotes     = <ref name=census2021/>
| area_metro_footnotes = <ref name="census21gf">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Fredericton&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021S0503320&HEADERlist=0|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census Fredericton [Census agglomeration], New Brunswick|date=9 February 2021 |publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date=13 April 2025}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 133.93
| area_total_sq_mi   = 
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_land_sq_mi    = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_sq_mi   = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 
| area_urban_sq_mi   = 
| area_metro_km2     = 6,014.66
| area_metro_sq_mi   = 
| elevation_m        = 20-100
| elevation_ft       = 66-328
| population_total   = 63,116
| population_as_of   = 2021
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census2021>{{cite web |title=Census Profile of Fredericton |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Fredericton&DGUIDlist=2021A00051310032&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&HEADERlist=0 |website=Statistics Canada |access-date=16 August 2023 |date=1 February 2023}}</ref>
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="census21gf"/>
| population_density_km2 = 471.3
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_urban   = 
| population_metro   = 108,610
| population_density_metro_km2 = 18.1
| population_demonym = Frederictonian
| population_note    = 
| postal_code_type   = [[Canadian postal code|Postal code(s)]]
| postal_code        = [[List of E postal codes of Canada|E3A, E3B, E3C, E3E, E3G]]
| area_code_type     = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
| area_codes         = [[Area codes 506 and 428|506 and 428]]
| unemployment_rate  = 
| website            = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes          = 
| leader_title2      = [[Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick|MLAs]]
| leader_name2       = [[Luke Randall]] <small>([[New Brunswick Liberal Association|Lib]])</small><br/>[[David Coon]] <small>([[Green Party of New Brunswick|Green]])</small><br/>[[Kris Austin]] <small>([[Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick|PC]])</small><br/>[[Susan Holt]] <small>([[New Brunswick Liberal Association|Lib]])</small><br/>[[Ryan Cullins]] <small>([[Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick|PC]])</small>
| timezone           = [[Atlantic Time Zone|AST]]
| utc_offset         = −04:00
| timezone_DST       = ADT
| utc_offset_DST     = −03:00
| blank_name         = [[National Topographic System|NTS]] Map
| blank_info         = {{Canada NTS Map Sheet|21|G|15}}
| blank1_name        = [[Geographical Names Board of Canada|GNBC]] Code
| blank1_info        = DAFMJ<ref>{{cite cgndb |id = DAFMJ |name = Fredericton}}</ref>
}}

'''Fredericton''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|r|ɛ|.|d|r|ɪ|k|.|t|ən}};<ref>{{cite web |title=Fredericton |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/fredericton |website=Dictionary.com |access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|fʁedeʁiktœn}}) is the capital city of the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian province]] of [[New Brunswick]]. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the [[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|Saint John River]], also known by its [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]] name of Wolastoq, which flows west to east as it bisects the city. The river is the dominant natural feature of the area. One of the main urban centres in New Brunswick, the city had a population of 63,116 and a metropolitan population of 108,610 in the [[2021 Canadian census]].<ref name=census2021/> It is the third-largest city in the province after [[Moncton]] and [[Saint John, New Brunswick|Saint John]].

On 1 January 2023, Fredericton annexed parts of five [[Local service district (New Brunswick)|local service district]]s;<ref>{{cite web |title=Local Governments Establishment Regulation – Local Governance Act |url=https://laws.gnb.ca/en/showfulldoc/cr/2022-50 |website=Government of New Brunswick |access-date=20 January 2023 |date=12 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="GovRefMapRSC11">{{cite web |title=RSC 11 Regional Service Commission 11 |url=https://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/corporate/promo/local-governance/maps/RSC11.html |website=Government of New Brunswick |date=31 January 2022 |access-date=20 January 2023}}</ref> revised census figures have not been released.

An important cultural, artistic, and educational centre for the province, Fredericton is home to two universities, [[University of New Brunswick|The University of New Brunswick]] and [[St. Thomas University (Canada)|St. Thomas University]], the [[New Brunswick College of Craft and Design]], [[New Brunswick Community College]] and cultural institutions such as the [[Beaverbrook Art Gallery]], the [[Fredericton Region Museum]], and [[The Playhouse (Fredericton)|The Playhouse]], a performing arts venue. The city hosts the annual [[Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival]], attracting regional and international jazz, blues, rock, and world artists. The city also hosts the Garrison Night Market through the summer months which showcases many local vendors and artists and musicians. Fredericton is also an important and vibrant centre point for the region's top visual artists; many of New Brunswick's notable artists live and work there today. Fredericton has also been home to some great historical Canadian painters as well, including [[Goodridge Roberts]], and [[Molly Bobak|Molly]] and [[Bruno Bobak]].

As a provincial capital, its economy is tied to the public sector; however, the city also contains a growing IT and commercial sector. The city has the highest percentage of residents with post-secondary education in the province and the highest per capita income of any city in New Brunswick.

==History==
{{Main|History of Fredericton}}
There is archaeological evidence of a camp in the area 12,000 years ago,<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/route-8-artifacts-12000-years-1.3648907 CBC News: "Campsite dating back 12,000 years unearthed by Route 8"], 23 June 2016</ref> and the [[Wolastoqiyik]] farmed several kilometres upriver.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Jason |last=Hall |title=Maliseet Cultivation and Climatic Resilience on the Wəlastəkw/St. John River During the Little Ice Age |journal=Acadiensis |volume=XLIV |issue=2 |date=Summer–Autumn 2015 |pages=3–25 |jstor=24877276 |url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/view/24358/28202}};<br />•&nbsp;{{cite book|last=Raymond|first=Wm. O.|title=The River St. John: Its Physical Features, Legends and History, from 1604 to 1784|url=https://archive.org/details/riverstjohnitsph00raymuoft |year=1910|publisher=John A. Bowes|location=Saint John, New Brunswick}}</ref>

Colonists from the [[Kingdom of France]] in the late 1600s built [[Fort Nashwaak]] on the north side of the Saint John River, as the capital of [[Acadia]]. It withstood a British attack in 1696, but the capital was later moved to [[Port-Royal (Acadia)|Port Royal]] ([[Annapolis Royal]]).<ref name="fht">{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Fredericton |url=https://www.heritagefredericton.org/node/17 |website=Fredericton Heritage Trust |access-date=3 July 2020 |archive-date=5 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705143620/https://www.heritagefredericton.org/node/17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1713, Acadians escaping the British takeover of [[Nova Scotia]] settled the site, naming it Pointe Ste-Anne. It was destroyed in 1758 when the population of about 83 were exiled during the [[expulsion of the Acadians]].

It was in 1783, when [[United Empire Loyalist]]s arrived from New England, that the history of modern Fredericton began. The following year, New Brunswick was partitioned from [[Nova Scotia]] and became its own colony. Pointe-Ste-Anne was renamed "Fredericstown", after [[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany|Frederick]], second son of King [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]. It became the capital of the new colony, being considered to have a better defensive position than larger [[Saint John, New Brunswick|Saint John]].<ref name="fht"/>

The streets were laid out in the typical grid pattern of the time, with the names reflecting loyalist tendencies: Charlotte, Brunswick, George, King, and Queen.

In 1785, it became the shire town of [[York County, New Brunswick|York County]]. In 1790 the [[New Brunswick Legislative Building]] was constructed. As a centre of government, it attracted educational institutions, with King's College (now the [[University of New Brunswick]]) being the first English-language university in Canada, and religious institutions, with [[Christ Church Cathedral (Fredericton)|Christ Church Cathedral]] being built as the seat of the Anglican [[Diocese of Fredericton]] in 1853.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fredericton |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fredericton |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=3 July 2020}}</ref>

It was a British garrison town from 1784 to 1869, and the military compound is preserved as a National Historic Site of Canada.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fredericton Military Compound National Historic Site of Canada |url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=170 |website=www.pc.gc.ca |access-date=3 July 2020 }}</ref>

With the [[New Brunswick Equal Opportunity program]] in the 1960s, county councils were abolished, and government services were centralized provincially in Fredericton, increasing jobs and population.

==Geography==

The [[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|Saint John River]] runs through Fredericton. The city's downtown core lies on the flat low-lying ground on either side of the river, with most of the city's post-war suburban development occurring on the gently sloping hills of the river valley.

At an altitude of about {{cvt|17|m}} above sea level, Fredericton is nestled in the Pennsylvanian Basin. It differs markedly from the geologically older parts of the province. There are prominently two distinct areas in the region that are divided around the area of Wilsey Road, in the east end of the city. In the west side, the bedrock underneath the earth is topographically dominant, whereas the other is controlled by [[Pleistocene]] and recent deposits leading to the rivers (resulting in the area being shallow and wide). Fredericton and its surroundings are rich in water resources, which, coupled with highly arable soil, make the Fredericton region ideal for agriculture. The Saint John River and one of its major tributaries, the [[Nashwaak River]], come together in Fredericton. The uninhabited parts of the city are heavily forested.

=== Climate ===
{{update|date=February 2025|part=climate normals, 1981-2010 normals are outdated and need changing to 1991-2020 normals}}
{{climate chart
| Fredericton
|-15.0 | -3.8 | 95.3
|-13.7 | -2.0 | 73.1
|-7.8 | 3.0 | 93.2
|-1.0 | 10.0 | 85.9
| 4.6 | 17.6 | 96.2
| 9.7 | 22.7 | 82.4
|13.0 | 25.5 | 88.3
|12.1 | 24.8 | 85.6
| 7.1 | 20.0 | 87.5
| 1.6 | 13.2 | 89.1
|-3.0 | 6.0 | 106.3
|-10.7 | -0.7 | 94.9
| float = left
| source = [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]]<ref name="CCN"/>
}}
Fredericton has a [[warm-summer humid continental climate]] (''Dfb'' under the [[Köppen climate classification]] system), with short, warm summers and long, cold winters. The city has high [[humidity]] and [[precipitation]] year-round; on average, Fredericton receives approximately {{cvt|1100|mm}} of precipitation per year.
{{Weather box
| width = auto
|location = Fredericton CDA<br>Climate ID: 8101600; coordinates {{coordinates|45|55|N|66|37|W|type:airport_region:CA-NB|name=Fredericton CDA}}; elevation: {{cvt|39.6|m}}; 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1871–present{{efn|Extreme high and low temperatures in the table below are from Fredericton UNB (December 1871 to July 1913) and Fredericton CDA (August 1913 to present).}}
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 15.0
|Feb record high C = 19.0
|Mar record high C = 26.5
|Apr record high C = 30.5
|May record high C = 35.5
|Jun record high C = 35.6
|Jul record high C = 36.1
|Aug record high C = 38.9
|Sep record high C = 33.7
|Oct record high C = 28.9
|Nov record high C = 21.7
|Dec record high C = 16.1
|year record high C = 38.9
|Jan high C = -4.4
|Feb high C = -2.1
|Mar high C = 2.8
|Apr high C = 9.9
|May high C = 17.6
|Jun high C = 22.7
|Jul high C = 25.4
|Aug high C = 24.5
|Sep high C = 19.6
|Oct high C = 12.8
|Nov high C = 5.5
|Dec high C = -1.0
|year high C = 11.1
|Jan mean C = −9.4
|Feb mean C = −7.5
|Mar mean C = -2.2
|Apr mean C = 4.8
|May mean C = 11.3
|Jun mean C = 16.4
|Jul mean C = 19.4
|Aug mean C = 18.6
|Sep mean C = 14.0
|Oct mean C = 7.8
|Nov mean C = 1.8
|Dec mean C = -5.3
|year mean C = 5.8
|Jan low C = -14.4
|Feb low C = -12.8
|Mar low C = -7.2
|Apr low C = -0.4
|May low C = 5.1
|Jun low C = 10.1
|Jul low C = 13.3
|Aug low C = 12.6
|Sep low C = 8.3
|Oct low C = 2.8
|Nov low C = -2.0
|Dec low C = -9.5
|year low C = 0.5
|Jan record low C = -38.9
|Feb record low C = -38.3
|Mar record low C = -32.8
|Apr record low C = -20.0
|May record low C = -6.7
|Jun record low C = -2.2
|Jul record low C = 1.7
|Aug record low C = 1.7
|Sep record low C = -4.4
|Oct record low C = -11.1
|Nov record low C = -26.7
|Dec record low C = -35.6
|year record low C = -38.9
|precipitation colour = green
|rain colour = green
|snow colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 101.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 70.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 90.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 81.6
|May precipitation mm = 103.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 86.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 89.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 85.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 94.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 89.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 109.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 91.8
|year precipitation mm = 1094.7
|Jan rain mm = 42.4
|Feb rain mm = 31.7
|Mar rain mm = 45.2
|Apr rain mm = 68.1
|May rain mm = 103.1
|Jun rain mm = 86.3
|Jul rain mm = 89.0
|Aug rain mm = 85.9
|Sep rain mm = 94.7
|Oct rain mm = 89.3
|Nov rain mm = 96.3
|Dec rain mm = 54.0
|year rain mm = 885.9
|Jan snow cm = 63.6
|Feb snow cm = 39.1
|Mar snow cm = 42.4
|Apr snow cm = 13.5
|May snow cm = 0.6
|Jun snow cm = 0.0
|Jul snow cm = 0.0
|Aug snow cm = 0.0
|Sep snow cm = 0.0
|Oct snow cm = 0.4
|Nov snow cm = 13.9
|Dec snow cm = 41.4
|year snow cm = 214.8
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 12.6
|Feb precipitation days = 10.2
|Mar precipitation days = 12.4
|Apr precipitation days = 12.6
|May precipitation days = 14.9
|Jun precipitation days = 13.6
|Jul precipitation days = 14.5
|Aug precipitation days = 12.7
|Sep precipitation days = 13.7
|Oct precipitation days = 13.5
|Nov precipitation days = 13.8
|Dec precipitation days = 12.5
|year precipitation days = 156.7
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|Jan rain days = 4.5
|Feb rain days = 4.2
|Mar rain days = 7.1
|Apr rain days = 10.8
|May rain days = 14.8
|Jun rain days = 13.6
|Jul rain days = 14.5
|Aug rain days = 12.7
|Sep rain days = 13.7
|Oct rain days = 13.5
|Nov rain days = 11.7
|Dec rain days = 6.0
|year rain days = 126.9
|unit snow days = 0.2&nbsp;cm
|Jan snow days = 9.4
|Feb snow days = 7.2
|Mar snow days = 7.0
|Apr snow days = 2.4
|May snow days = 0.3
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.11
|Nov snow days = 3.2
|Dec snow days = 7.5
|year snow days = 37.0
|Jan sun = 119.5
|Feb sun = 130.8
|Mar sun = 148.9
|Apr sun = 162.2
|May sun = 206.9
|Jun sun = 224.3
|Jul sun = 239.7
|Aug sun = 226.2
|Sep sun = 172.4
|Oct sun = 142.5
|Nov sun = 95.8
|Dec sun = 102.2
|year sun = 1971.2
|Jan percentsun = 42.4
|Feb percentsun = 44.8
|Mar percentsun = 40.4
|Apr percentsun = 40.0
|May percentsun = 44.7
|Jun percentsun = 47.7
|Jul percentsun = 50.4
|Aug percentsun = 51.6
|Sep percentsun = 45.7
|Oct percentsun = 41.9
|Nov percentsun = 33.6
|Dec percentsun = 37.8
|year percentsun = 43.4
|source 1 = [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]]<ref name="Fredericton CDA">{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]]
| url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=Fredericton&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=6158&dispBack=0
| title = Fredericton CDA
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010
| access-date = 12 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Fredericton UNB">{{cite web
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_stations_e.html?searchType=stnName&timeframe=1&txtStationName=fredericton+unb&searchMethod=contains&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&Year=2016&Month=6&Day=25&selRowPerPage=25
| title = Fredericton UNB
| work = Canadian Climate Data
| access-date = 9 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="September 2010">{{cite web
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=2004-12-30%7C2016-06-25&dlyRange=2000-06-01%7C2016-06-25&mlyRange=2000-06-01%7C2007-07-01&StationID=30309&Prov=NB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=4&searchMethod=contains&Month=9&Day=25&txtStationName=fredericton&timeframe=2&Year=2010
| title = Daily Data Report for September 2010
| work = Canadian Climate Data
| access-date = 26 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="March 2012">{{cite web
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=2004-12-30%7C2016-06-25&dlyRange=2000-06-01%7C2016-06-25&mlyRange=2000-06-01%7C2007-07-01&StationID=30309&Prov=NB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=4&searchMethod=contains&Month=3&Day=25&txtStationName=fredericton&timeframe=2&Year=2012
| title = Daily Data Report for March 2012
| work = Canadian Climate Data
| access-date = 26 June 2016}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}
{{Weather box
| width = auto
|location = Fredericton ([[Fredericton Airport]])<br>Climate ID: 8101600; coordinates {{coordinates|45|52|19.67|N|66|31|40.411|W|type:airport_region:CA-NB|name=Fredericton Airport}}; elevation: {{cvt|20.7|m}}; 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1951–present
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan maximum humidex = 17.1
|Feb maximum humidex = 17.3
|Mar maximum humidex = 28.0
|Apr maximum humidex = 33.3
|May maximum humidex = 38.1
|Jun maximum humidex = 43.5
|Jul maximum humidex = 44.5
|Aug maximum humidex = 43.3
|Sep maximum humidex = 39.6
|Oct maximum humidex = 32.0
|Nov maximum humidex = 25.0
|Dec maximum humidex = 19.5
|year maximum humidex = 44.5
|Jan record high C = 14.6
|Feb record high C = 18.6
|Mar record high C = 27.2
|Apr record high C = 30.3
|May record high C = 35.2
|Jun record high C = 35.3
|Jul record high C = 36.7
|Aug record high C = 37.2
|Sep record high C = 34.1
|Oct record high C = 27.8
|Nov record high C = 24.3
|Dec record high C = 15.9
|year record high C = 37.2
|Jan high C = -3.8
|Feb high C = -2.0
|Mar high C = 3.0
|Apr high C = 10.0
|May high C = 17.6
|Jun high C = 22.7
|Jul high C = 25.5
|Aug high C = 24.8
|Sep high C = 20.0
|Oct high C = 13.2
|Nov high C = 6.0
|Dec high C = -0.7
|year high C = 11.4
|Jan mean C = −9.4
|Feb mean C = −7.9
|Mar mean C = -2.4
|Apr mean C = 4.5
|May mean C = 11.1
|Jun mean C = 16.2
|Jul mean C = 19.3
|Aug mean C = 18.4
|Sep mean C = 13.6
|Oct mean C = 7.5
|Nov mean C = 1.5
|Dec mean C = -5.7
|year mean C = 5.6
|Jan low C = -15.0
|Feb low C = -13.7
|Mar low C = -7.8
|Apr low C = -1.0
|May low C = 4.6
|Jun low C = 9.7
|Jul low C = 13.0
|Aug low C = 12.1
|Sep low C = 7.1
|Oct low C = 1.6
|Nov low C = -3.0
|Dec low C = -10.7
|year low C = -0.2
|Jan record low C = -35.6
|Feb record low C = -37.2
|Mar record low C = -28.9
|Apr record low C = -15.1
|May record low C = -6.7
|Jun record low C = -0.6
|Jul record low C = 1.7
|Aug record low C = 1.3
|Sep record low C = -3.9
|Oct record low C = -8.9
|Nov record low C = -20.2
|Dec record low C = -33.8
|year record low C = -37.2
|Jan chill = -45.1
|Feb chill = -46.4
|Mar chill = -38.0
|Apr chill = -26.1
|May chill = -12.5
|Jun chill = -4.3
|Jul chill = 0.0
|Aug chill = 0.0
|Sep chill = -6.6
|Oct chill = -13.1
|Nov chill = -26.5
|Dec chill = -42.2
|year chill = -46.4
|precipitation colour = green
|rain colour = green
|snow colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 95.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 73.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 93.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 85.9
|May precipitation mm = 96.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 82.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 88.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 85.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 87.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 89.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 106.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 94.9
|year precipitation mm = 1077.7
|Jan rain mm = 38.0
|Feb rain mm = 31.4
|Mar rain mm = 46.7
|Apr rain mm = 68.3
|May rain mm = 94.5
|Jun rain mm = 82.4
|Jul rain mm = 88.3
|Aug rain mm = 85.6
|Sep rain mm = 87.5
|Oct rain mm = 88.2
|Nov rain mm = 92.9
|Dec rain mm = 55.3
|year rain mm = 859.1
|Jan snow cm = 69.9
|Feb snow cm = 47.5
|Mar snow cm = 49.4
|Apr snow cm = 18.6
|May snow cm = 1.4
|Jun snow cm = 0.0
|Jul snow cm = 0.0
|Aug snow cm = 0.0
|Sep snow cm = 0.0
|Oct snow cm = 0.8
|Nov snow cm = 14.3
|Dec snow cm = 50.5
|year snow cm = 252.3
|humidity colour = green
|Jan humidity = 75.1
|Feb humidity = 74.9
|Mar humidity = 77.1
|Apr humidity = 80.6
|May humidity = 83.6
|Jun humidity = 86.4
|Jul humidity = 89.5
|Aug humidity = 90.4
|Sep humidity = 91.1
|Oct humidity = 87.6
|Nov humidity = 83.8
|Dec humidity = 80.0
|year humidity = 83.3
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 14.2
|Feb precipitation days = 11.3
|Mar precipitation days = 13.0
|Apr precipitation days = 13.2
|May precipitation days = 13.9
|Jun precipitation days = 12.2
|Jul precipitation days = 12.3
|Aug precipitation days = 10.6
|Sep precipitation days = 10.3
|Oct precipitation days = 11.4
|Nov precipitation days = 13.2
|Dec precipitation days = 13.4
|year precipitation days = 148.9
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|Jan rain days = 5.1
|Feb rain days = 4.3
|Mar rain days = 7.3
|Apr rain days = 10.8
|May rain days = 13.8
|Jun rain days = 12.2
|Jul rain days = 12.3
|Aug rain days = 10.6
|Sep rain days = 10.3
|Oct rain days = 11.3
|Nov rain days = 11.1
|Dec rain days = 6.3
|year rain days = 115.4
|unit snow days = 0.2&nbsp;cm
|Jan snow days = 11.7
|Feb snow days = 9.1
|Mar snow days = 8.5
|Apr snow days = 4.7
|May snow days = 0.38
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.42
|Nov snow days = 4.2
|Dec snow days = 10.0
|year snow days = 48.9
|source 1 = [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]]<ref name="CCN">
{{cite web
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=Fredericton&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=6157&dispBack=0
| title = Fredericton A
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010
| access-date = 12 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Sep 2010">
{{cite web
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=2010-04-06%7C2016-06-25&dlyRange=2010-04-08%7C2016-06-25&mlyRange=%7C&StationID=48568&Prov=NB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=9&Day=25&txtStationName=fredericton&timeframe=2&Year=2010
| title = Sep 2010
| work = Canadian Climate Data
| access-date = 26 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mar 2012">
{{cite web
| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=2010-04-06%7C2016-06-25&dlyRange=2010-04-08%7C2016-06-25&mlyRange=%7C&StationID=48568&Prov=NB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=3&Day=25&txtStationName=fredericton&timeframe=2&Year=2012
| title = Mar 2012
| work = Canadian Climate Data
| access-date = 26 June 2016}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
|url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?timeframe=2&Year=2022&Month=11&Day=6&hlyRange=2010-04-06%7C2022-11-06&dlyRange=2010-04-08%7C2022-11-06&mlyRange=%7C&StationID=48568&Prov=NB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2022&selRowPerPage=25&Line=4&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=Fredericton
|title = November 2022
|work = Canadian Climate Data
|access-date = November 7, 2022
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|title = Historical population
|footnote = Boundary changes for 1941 and 1973
|1871|6,006
|1881|6,218
|1891|6,502
|1901|7,117
|1911|7,208
|1921|8,114
|1931|8,830
|1941|10,062
|1951|16,018
|1956|18,303
|1961|19,683
|1966|22,460
|1971|24,254
|1976|45,248
|1981|43,723
|1986|44,352
|1991|46,466
|1996|46,507
|2001|47,580
|2006|50,535
|2011|56,224
|2016|58,721
|2021|63,116
}}
In the [[2021 Canadian census]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Fredericton had a population of 63,116 living in 28,478 of its 29,892 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:63116-58721}}|58721|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|58721|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{cvt|133.93|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|63116|133.93|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000213 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), New Brunswick | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=9 February 2022 | accessdate=21 February 2022}}</ref>

At the [[census metropolitan area]] (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Fredericton CMA had a population of 108,610 living in 46,357 of its 48,761 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:108610-102690}}|102690|1}} from its 2016 population of 102,690. With a land area of {{cvt|6014.66|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|108610|6014.66|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021censusCMA>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=9 February 2022 | accessdate=28 March 2022}}</ref>

The [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]] reported that [[Immigration to Canada|immigrants]] (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 7,790 persons or 12.6% of the total population of Fredericton. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were United Kingdom (765 persons or 9.8%), China (645 persons or 8.3%), United States of America (570 persons or 7.3%), Syria (505 persons or 6.5%), Philippines (500 persons or 6.4%), India (460 persons or 5.9%), Egypt (300 persons or 3.9%), Iran (245 persons or 3.1%), Lebanon (205 persons or 2.6%), and Democratic Republic of the Congo (180 persons or 2.3%).<ref name="2021censusB"/>

=== Ethnicity ===
In 2021, Fredericton was 82.5% white/European, 3.5% Indigenous and 14.0% visible minorities.<ref name="2021censusB" /> The largest visible minority groups were Black (2.9%), South Asian (2.9%), Arab (2.5%), Chinese (1.8%) and Filipino (1.0%).

Fredericton accepted the highest number of refugees from the [[Syrian Civil War]] per capita of any Canadian city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fredericton welcomed more Syrians per capita than other Canadian cities: multicultural association |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3192030/fredericton-welcomed-more-syrians-per-capita-than-other-canadian-cities-multicultural-association/}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Ethnic and Cultural origins (2021)
!Population
!Percent
|-
|[[Irish people|Irish]]
|16,480
|26.6%
|-
|[[English people|English]]
|15,495
|25.1%
|-
|[[Scottish people|Scottish]]
|15,340
|24.8%
|-
|[[Canadian ethnicity|Canadian]]
|9,435
|15.3%
|-
|[[French people|French]] n.o.s
|7,950
|12.9%
|-
|[[German Canadians|German]]
|3,590
|5.8%
|-
|[[Acadians|Acadian]]
|3,520
|5.7%
|-
|[[White people|Caucasian]] (White) n.o.s+
[[European Canadians|European]] n.o.s
|3,350
|5.4%
|-
|British Isles n.o.s
|2,300
|3.7%
|-
|[[Welsh Canadians|Welsh]]
|1,845
|3.0%
|-
|[[Dutch Canadians|Dutch]]
|1,795
|2.9%
|-
|[[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] (North American Indian) n.o.s.+
[[Indigenous peoples in Canada|North American Indigenous]], n.o.s.
|1,425
|2.3%
|-
|[[New Brunswick]]er
|1,310
|2.1%
|-
|[[Chinese Canadians|Chinese]]
|1,220
|2.0%
|-
| colspan="3" |Note: a person may report more than one ethnic origin.
|}

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ [[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] groups in the City of Fredericton (2001−2021)
! rowspan="2" |[[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] group
! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="2021censusB"/>
! colspan="2" |2016<ref name="2016censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title= Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1310032&Geo2=CD&Code2=1310&SearchText=Fredericton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="2011censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |date=2015-11-27 |title= NHS Profile |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1310032&Data=Count&SearchText=Fredericton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2006<ref name="2006censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |date=2019-08-20 |title= 2006 Community Profiles |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1310032&Geo2=PR&Code2=13&Data=Count&SearchText=Fredericton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="2001censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |date=2019-07-02 |title= 2001 Community Profiles |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1310032&Geo2=PR&Code2=13&Data=Count&SearchText=Fredericton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[European Canadians|European]]{{efn|Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.|name=euro}}
| 50,995
| {{Percentage | 50995 | 61835 | 2 }}
| 49,320
| {{Percentage | 49320 | 56990 | 2 }}
| 49,810
| {{Percentage | 49810 | 55145 | 2 }}
| 45,885
| {{Percentage | 45885 | 49980 | 2 }}
| 44,230
| {{Percentage | 44230 | 47000 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]]
| 2,180
| {{Percentage | 2180 | 61835 | 2 }}
| 1,830
| {{Percentage | 1830 | 56990 | 2 }}
| 1,450
| {{Percentage | 1450 | 55145 | 2 }}
| 725
| {{Percentage | 725 | 49980 | 2 }}
| 700
| {{Percentage | 700 | 47000 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.|name=MiddleEastern}}
| 1,995
| {{Percentage | 1995 | 61835 | 2 }}
| 1,185
| {{Percentage | 1185 | 56990 | 2 }}
| 385
| {{Percentage | 385 | 55145 | 2 }}
| 365
| {{Percentage | 365 | 49980 | 2 }}
| 370
| {{Percentage | 370 | 47000 | 2 }}
|-
| [[African-Canadian|African]]
| 1,780
| {{Percentage | 1780 | 61835 | 2 }}
| 985
| {{Percentage | 985 | 56990 | 2 }}
| 655
| {{Percentage | 655 | 55145 | 2 }}
| 860
| {{Percentage | 860 | 49980 | 2 }}
| 470
| {{Percentage | 470 | 47000 | 2 }}
|-
| [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
| 1,775
| {{Percentage | 1775 | 61835 | 2 }}
| 920
| {{Percentage | 920 | 56990 | 2 }}
| 875
| {{Percentage | 875 | 55145 | 2 }}
| 635
| {{Percentage | 635 | 49980 | 2 }}
| 425
| {{Percentage | 425 | 47000 | 2 }}
|-
| [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.|name=EastAsian}}
| 1,410
| {{Percentage | 1410 | 61835 | 2 }}
| 1,645
| {{Percentage | 1645 | 56990 | 2 }}
| 1,375
| {{Percentage | 1375 | 55145 | 2 }}
| 1,045
| {{Percentage | 1045 | 49980 | 2 }}
| 545
| {{Percentage | 545 | 47000 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Southeast Asia]]n{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.|name=SoutheastAsian}}
| 915
| {{Percentage | 915 | 61835 | 2 }}
| 505
| {{Percentage | 505 | 56990 | 2 }}
| 150
| {{Percentage | 150 | 55145 | 2 }}
| 175
| {{Percentage | 175 | 49980 | 2 }}
| 160
| {{Percentage | 160 | 47000 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
| 520
| {{Percentage | 520 | 61835 | 2 }}
| 310
| {{Percentage | 310 | 56990 | 2 }}
| 350
| {{Percentage | 350 | 55145 | 2 }}
| 170
| {{Percentage | 170 | 49980 | 2 }}
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 47000 | 2 }}
|-
| Other/[[Multiracial people|multiracial]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, {{abbr|n.i.e.|not included elsewhere}}" and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.|name=Other}}
| 270
| {{Percentage | 270 | 61835 | 2 }}
| 290
| {{Percentage | 290 | 56990 | 2 }}
| 80
| {{Percentage | 80 | 55145 | 2 }}
| 115
| {{Percentage | 115 | 49980 | 2 }}
| 60
| {{Percentage | 60 | 47000 | 2 }}
|-
! Total responses
! 61,835
! {{Percentage | 61835 | 63116 | 2 }}
! 56,990
! {{Percentage | 56990 | 58721 | 2 }}
! 55,145
! {{Percentage | 55145 | 56224 | 2 }}
! 49,980
! {{Percentage | 49980 | 50535 | 2 }}
! 47,000
! {{Percentage | 47000 | 47580 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total population
! 63,116
! {{Percentage | 63116 | 63116 | 2 }}
! 58,721
! {{Percentage | 58721 | 58721 | 2 }}
! 56,224
! {{Percentage | 56224 | 56224 | 2 }}
! 50,535
! {{Percentage | 50535 | 50535 | 2 }}
! 47,580
! {{Percentage | 47580 | 47580 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="11" | {{small|Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses}}
|}

=== Language ===
English is spoken as a [[mother tongue]] by 80.2% of residents. Other mother tongues spoken are French (6.1%), Arabic (2.1%), [[Chinese language]]s (1.4%), Spanish (0.7%), Russian (0.6%), and Persian languages (0.5%). 1.4% of the population listed both English and French as mother tongues.

=== Religion ===
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], religious groups in Fredericton included:<ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00051310032&SearchText=fredericton |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=Statistics Canada}}</ref>
*[[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]] (32,295 persons or 52.2%)
*[[Irreligion in Canada|Irreligion]] (25,150 persons or 40.7%)
*[[Islam in Canada|Islam]] (2,305 persons or 3.7%)
*[[Hinduism in Canada|Hinduism]] (820 persons or 1.3%)
*[[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhism]] (225 persons or 0.4%)
*[[Sikhism in Canada|Sikhism]] (190 persons or 0.3%)
*[[Judaism in Canada|Judaism]] (160 persons or 0.3%)
*[[Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous Spirituality]] (15 persons or <0.1%)
*Other (670 persons or 1.1%)

Those who declare a religion are predominantly Protestant. Fredericton has a [[synagogue]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Sgoolai Israel Synagogue|url=http://www.jewishfredericton.com/|access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref> a [[mosque]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Fredericton Islamic Association|url=https://www.frederictonislamicassociation.com/|access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref> a [[Hindu temple]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Orientation guide for newcomers to New Brunswick|page=91|url=https://www.welcomenb.ca/content/dam/gnb/Departments/petl-epft/PDF/PopGrowth/OrientationGuideNewcomers.pdf|access-date=1 December 2020|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225123459/https://www.welcomenb.ca/content/dam/gnb/Departments/petl-epft/PDF/PopGrowth/OrientationGuideNewcomers.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> a [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] fellowship,<ref>{{cite web|title=Unitarian Fellowship of Fredericton|url=https://www.uff.ca/|access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref> and a [[Shambhala Buddhism|Shambhala Buddhist]] meditation centre.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fredericton Shambhala Center|url=http://www.fredericton.shambhala.org/|access-date=25 March 2014}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Religion<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1310032&Data=Count&SearchText=fredericton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|title=2011 National Household Survey Profile - Census subdivision|last=Government of Canada |date=8 May 2013|website=Statistics Canada|access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref>
!2011 (%)
!2011 (Total)
|-
|No religion
|26.2%
|14,460
|-
|[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
|24.9%
|13,740
|-
|[[Baptists|Baptist]]
|11.4%
|6,290
|-
|[[United Church of Canada|United Church]]
|10.9%
|5,995
|-
|[[Anglicanism|Anglican]]
|9.4%
|5,160
|-
|[[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]]
|2.5%
|1,390
|}

==Economy==
[[File:Prospect Street in Fredericton, New Brunswick.jpg|thumb|Prospect Street, a shopping thoroughfare]]
The [[Government of New Brunswick]] and the universities are the primary employers. The policies of centralizing provincial government functions during the 1960s led to an expansion of the population.

The 1960s also saw an expansion of the [[University of New Brunswick]] due to increased post-war university enrolment, as well as the construction of [[St. Thomas University (New Brunswick)|Saint Thomas University]]. The Law School, now the [[University of New Brunswick Faculty of Law]] moved from Saint John to the Fredericton area.

The city has been investing actively in IT infrastructure. The City of Fredericton won the "Judges Innovation Award" at the 2004 Canadian Information Productivity Awards due to their "Fred-eZone" free municipality wide [[Wi-Fi]] initiative. This and other innovations by the city's utelco, e-Novations, led [[Intel]] to do a case study on their successes. Fred-eZone spans much of the city's downtown and parts of surrounding residential areas, as well as peripheral commercial areas such as Fredericton's Regent Mall. In 2008 and 2009 the Intelligent Community Forum selected Fredericton as a Top 7 Intelligent Community, based partly on the city's work in the IT sector.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 7 By Year |url=https://www.intelligentcommunity.org/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=Top7_by_Year&category=Events |access-date=25 March 2014 |author=Intelligent Community Forum |year=2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209002659/https://www.intelligentcommunity.org/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=Top7_by_Year&category=Events |archive-date=9 February 2014}}</ref>

==Arts and culture==

The [[The Playhouse (Fredericton)|Playhouse]] is the main venue for Theatre New Brunswick, the province's largest professional theatre company.

Festivals include the [[Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival]], the [[New Brunswick Summer Music Festival]], the [[Silver Wave Film Festival]], the [[Flourish Arts & Music Festival]], and [[Symphony New Brunswick]].

Fredericton has a long literary tradition, having been home to [[Jonathan Odell]], [[Charles G. D. Roberts]], [[Bliss Carman]], and [[Francis Joseph Sherman|Francis Sherman]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Fredericton New Brunswick, Canada |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Fredericton |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=3 July 2020 }}</ref> Writers living in Fredericton include [[Raymond Fraser]], [[Herb Curtis]], [[David Adams Richards]], [[Mark Anthony Jarman]], and [[Gerard Beirne]].
[[File:Fredericton - NB - City Hall.jpg|thumb|[[Fredericton City Hall|Fredericton's City Hall]] where "Freddy the Nude Dude" resides.]]
Fredericton's beloved fountain "Freddy the Nude Dude",<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2016 |title=Fredericton City Hall |url=http://www.tourismfredericton.ca/en/experience/fredericton-city-hall |access-date=13 October 2022 |website=Fredericton Tourism |archive-date=13 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013141216/http://www.tourismfredericton.ca/en/experience/fredericton-city-hall |url-status=dead }}</ref> officially known as "Putto with Fish" sits outside [[Fredericton City Hall|City Hall]] at 397 Queen St. "Freddy the Nude Dude" was donated to the city by Mayor George Edward Fentey, in 1885.<ref name="Freddy the Nude Dude">{{cite web |date=24 August 2013 |title=Freddy the Nude Dude |url=https://mynewbrunswick.ca/freddy-the-nude-dude-4/ |access-date=13 October 2022 |website=mynewbrunswick.ca }}</ref> The statue depicts a nude [[Cherub]] and is a beloved fixture of downtown Fredericton. The famed statue has had some trouble since its historic arrival in 1885. In January 2013, "Freddy the Nude Dude" was taken south to Alabama for a replication of the original statue after 128 winters worth of damage.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fowler |first=Shane |date=2 August 2013 |title=Freddy the Nude Dude drops back into town |pages=1–3 |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/freddy-the-nude-dude-drops-back-into-town-1.1387004 |access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref> The original Freddy is kept safely inside [[Fredericton City Hall|City Hall]] where it is protected from further weather damage.<ref name="Freddy the Nude Dude"/>

===Architecture===
Styles range from [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] to modern. There are 12 [[List of National Historic Sites of Canada in New Brunswick|National Historic Sites]] in the city, beyond the dozen [[Persons of National Historic Significance|National Historic People]] and two [[Events of National Historic Significance|National Historic Events]] honored there.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fredericton|url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/lhn-nhs/page3_E.asp?locateinp=Fredericton&nhsprov=New+Brunswick&nhschoice=nhsdesig&list4=Generate+List|work=Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada|publisher=[[Parks Canada]]|access-date=3 March 2012}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Museums and historic buildings===
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Beaverbrook Art Gallery]]
* [[New Brunswick Legislative Building]]
* [[Government House, Fredericton|Old Government House]]
* [[Fredericton Region Museum]]
* [[Christ Church Cathedral (Fredericton)|Christ Church Cathedral]]
* [[New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame]]
* [[Science East]]
* [[Sir Howard Douglas Hall|Sir Howard Douglas Hall (Old Arts Building)]]
* [[William Brydone Jack Observatory]]
* [[St. Anne's Chapel (Fredericton)|St. Anne's Chapel]]
* [[Fort Nashwaak]]
* [[Fredericton City Hall]]
* [[Marysville Cotton Mill]]
* [[Centennial Building (Fredericton)|Centennial Building]]
{{Div col end}}

==Sports==
There are no professional sports teams in Fredericton, although both universities have extensive athletic programs. The [[UNB Reds]] play in the [[Atlantic University Sport]] conference of [[U Sports]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://goredsgo.ca/landing/index|title=UNB Reds Athletics|date=22 March 2024 }}</ref> and [[St. Thomas (New Brunswick) Tommies|St. Thomas Tommies]] play in the [[Atlantic Collegiate Athletic Association]] conference of the [[Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association]] for most sports, although their women's hockey team, cross-country teams, and track & field teams play in the Atlantic University Sports conference of U Sports.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gotommies.ca/landing/index|title=STU Tommies Athletics|date=26 February 2024 }}</ref>

Fredericton's high schools compete in a variety of sports in the [[New Brunswick Interscholastic Athletic Association]].

UNB's men's hockey team are 10-time National Champions, and the highest attended sporting events in the city.

The Junior A hockey team is the [[Fredericton Red Wings]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/fredericton-hockey-red-wings-1.5100065|title=Junior A hockey returns to Fredericton - and St. Stephen mourns loss of team|last=Gill|first=Jordan|date=16 April 2019|website=CBC|access-date=15 May 2019}}</ref> The former [[Fredericton Express]] and [[Fredericton Canadiens]] were [[American Hockey League]] teams.

Each summer the Fredericton Loyalists  host the [[New Brunswick Timber]] team which competes in the [[Rugby Canada Super League]].

Fredericton often holds high class [[curling]] competitions.

==Parks and recreation==
* Carleton Park, part of the Northside Riverfront Trail, includes a boat launching area. The park was once the site of [[Alexander Gibson (industrialist)|Alexander "Boss" Gibson's]] rail yard.
* The Green, along the north and south banks of the Saint John River, a walking and biking trail.
* Killarney Lake Park, a lakeside park with a beach and picnic spots as well as an extensive network of nature trails.
* Odell Park features preserved forested areas, trails, spaces for picnics and gatherings, and the [[Fredericton Botanic Garden]]
* Officers' Square is a venue for outdoor concerts and has an outdoor skating rink in the winter.
* Queen Square Park, in the heart of Downtown Fredericton.
* Reading Park ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-uk-Reading.ogg|ˈ|r|ɛ|d|ɪ|ŋ}} {{respell|RED|ing}}) is a {{cvt|33|acre|m2|order=flip}} passive use park incorporating an open meadow, and a {{cvt|1.1|km}} walking trail through an old-growth forest. The park's [[old-growth forest]] is one of the city's last remaining habitats for the [[pileated woodpecker]].
* Wilmot Park - a recreational park downtown.

===Trail system===
Fredericton has a network of 25 trails totaling more than {{cvt|85|km}} on both sides of the Saint John and Nashwaak Rivers. Many of the city trails are [[rail trail]]s that follow old railway lines. These include the [[Fredericton Railway Bridge]] that spans {{cvt|0.6|km}} across the Saint John River. The rail trail system in Fredericton is part of the [[Sentier NB Trail]] system and some of these trails are also part of the larger [[Trans-Canada Trail]] network.

==Government==
[[File:City Hall Fredericton.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Fredericton City Hall]] is the [[Fredericton City Council|seat of municipal government]].]]
Fredericton has a [[Nonpartisanism|non-partisan]] and [[Mayor–council government]]. The mayor and council serve four-year terms with elections in May. The city is divided into 12 [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]], six on each side of the river, with one councillor per ward.

The city includes the provincial ridings of [[Fredericton North]], [[Fredericton-Grand Lake]], [[Fredericton West-Hanwell]], [[Oromocto-Lincoln-Fredericton]], [[New Maryland-Sunbury]] and [[Fredericton South (electoral district)|Fredericton South]], which in 2014 elected the first-ever MLA for the [[Green Party of New Brunswick]], party leader [[David Coon]].

Federally, the city forms most of the riding of [[Fredericton (federal electoral district)|Fredericton]].

==Emergency services and police==

Fredericton Police is responsible for policing in the city and has 115 sworn members (as of 2012); The force was founded in 1851.<ref>{{cite web |title=Police personnel in municipal police services — New Brunswick, 2012 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-225-x/2012000/t013-eng.htm |website=Statistics Canada |access-date=5 December 2024 |date=27 November 2015}}</ref>

Fredericton Fire Department has 4 stations providing fire suppression in the city<ref>{{cite web |title=Facilities |url=https://www.fredericton.ca/en/resident-services/public-safety/fire-department/facilities |website=City of Fredericton |access-date=5 December 2024}}</ref>

==Education and research==
The [[Anglophone West School District]] and the District Scolaire Francophone Sud (District 1) run schools including [[Fredericton High School]], [[École des Bâtisseurs]], and the [[École Sainte-Anne (Fredericton)|École Sainte-Anne]]. [[Leo Hayes High School]] is a [[public–private partnership]]

There are two universities, the [[University of New Brunswick]], and [[St. Thomas University (New Brunswick)|St. Thomas]], the province's only Catholic university.

Colleges include the [[New Brunswick College of Craft and Design]], the [[New Brunswick Community College]], and the [[Maritime College of Forest Technology]].

For-profit universities include [[University of Fredericton]] and [[Yorkville University]].

The [[Hugh John Flemming]] Forestry Centre researches in forestry management. Fredericton's Provincial Research Organization specializes in aquaculture, mining, manufacturing, energy and the environment.<ref>{{cite web |title=RPC - Science & Engineering |url=http://www.rpc.ca/english/ |website=www.rpc.ca |access-date=3 July 2020}}</ref>

==Transportation==
Air service is provided out of the [[Fredericton International Airport]].

[[Fredericton Transit]] provides bus service 7 days a week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunday Service |url=https://www.fredericton.ca/en/resident-services/fredericton-transit/sunday-service |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=City of Fredericton |language=en}}</ref>

Fredericton started installing bicycle lanes in July 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bike Lanes and Bike Routes in Fredericton|url=http://www.fredericton.ca/en/transportation/2008July10BikeLanesPage.asp|publisher=City of Fredericton|access-date=6 April 2013|archive-date=25 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325114354/http://www.fredericton.ca/en/transportation/2008July10BikeLanesPage.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Passenger rail service ended in the 1960s,<ref>{{cite web|last=Johnson|first=Robert|title=What Happened to the Fredericton Train Station|url=http://www.newbrunswickbeacon.ca/28409/what-happened-to-the-fredericton-train-station/|publisher=The New Brunswick Beacon|access-date=6 April 2013|date=27 January 2013|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002649/http://www.newbrunswickbeacon.ca/28409/what-happened-to-the-fredericton-train-station/|url-status=usurped}}</ref> and freight in 1996. All railway tracks have been abandoned and removed.

Fredericton is served by the [[Maritime Bus]] fleet which provides connections to points throughout the Maritimes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Maritime Bus organising fleet for Dec 1 start|url=http://www.theguardian.pe.ca/Business/2012-11-21/article-3125069/Maritime-Bus-organizing-fleet-for-Dec.-1-start/1|access-date=6 April 2013|newspaper=The Guardian (Charlottetown)|date=21 November 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628051833/http://www.theguardian.pe.ca/Business/2012-11-21/article-3125069/Maritime-Bus-organizing-fleet-for-Dec.-1-start/1|archive-date=28 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Fares & Schedules |url=https://maritimebus.com/en/plan-your-trip/planning-schedules |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=maritimebus.com}}</ref>

The [[Trans-Canada Highway]] passes along the southern municipal boundary. Routes [[New Brunswick Route 7|7]] and [[New Brunswick Route 8|8]] (the latter being a former alignment of the Trans-Canada) also pass through the city. Two highway bridges, the [[Westmorland Street Bridge]] and the [[Princess Margaret Bridge]], cross the Saint John River. Those bridges feed into controlled-access roads (Routes 8 and [[New Brunswick Route 105|105]] serving the city's north side).

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Princess Margaret Bridge in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.jpg|[[Princess Margaret Bridge]]
File:Nashwaak River trail.JPG|The Nashwaak River Trail
File:Fredericton - Galerie d'art Beaverbrook 2.JPG|The [[Beaverbrook Art Gallery]], prior to the addition of the Harrison McCain Pavilion in 2022
File:Tintamarre Fredericton.JPG|[[Tintamarre]], a Celebration of Acadian culture in Fredericton
File:Fredericton - Queen's Square 3.JPG|Queen Square Park
File:New Brunswick Legislative Building (6838973457).jpg|The [[New Brunswick Legislative Building]]
File:MarysvillePlaceMarysvilleNB2014.jpg|Marysville Place houses a number of offices for the provincial government. 
File:Downtown Fredericton.jpg|Downtown Fredericton
File:Fredericton Transit New Brunswick Canada Bus 4936.JPG|[[Fredericton Transit]] bus with bike rack
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Dallison, Robert L. "A Tour of Boss Gibson's Marysville: A Nineteenth Century Mill Town." Fredericton Heritage Trust, 1991.
* Hachey, Philip Osmond "The geology and ground water of the Fredericton district." UNB Thesis, 1955.
* McIntyre, Glen, Bruce Oliver and Bob Watson, "A Valuable and Important Place - Fredericton's Loyalist Origins 1783." A Fredericton Historical Research Project, 1983.

==See also==
* [[:Category:People from Fredericton|People from Fredericton]]
{{Portal|Canada}}
* [[Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire]] (IODE), the first chapter of which was formed in Fredericton on 15 January 1900
* [[List of cities in Canada]]
* [[Royal eponyms in Canada]]
* [[Fredericton Public Library]]
* [[Media in Fredericton]]
* [[The Playhouse (Fredericton)|The Playhouse]]
* [[Dr. Everett Chalmers Regional Hospital]]
* [[Douglas, New Brunswick|Douglas]]
* [[Hanwell, New Brunswick|Hanwell]]
* [[Marysville, New Brunswick|Marysville]]
* [[Nashwaaksis, New Brunswick|Nashwaaksis]]

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
*{{Official website}}

{{Geographic location
 | Centre = Fredericton
 | North = [[McLeod Hill, New Brunswick|McLeod Hill]], [[Killarney Road, New Brunswick|Killarney Road]], [[Penniac, New Brunswick|Penniac]]
 | Northeast =[[Noonan, New Brunswick|Noonan]]
 | East =[[Richibucto Road, New Brunswick|Richibucto Road]]
 | Southeast = [[Lower Lincoln, New Brunswick|Lower Lincoln]]
 | South = [[New Maryland, New Brunswick|New Maryland]]
 | Southwest = [[Hanwell, New Brunswick|Hanwell]]
 | West = [[Keswick, New Brunswick|Keswick]], [[Kingsclear, New Brunswick|Island View]],
 | Northwest =
}}
{{Subdivisions of New Brunswick|cities=yes|expanded=yes}}
{{Canada capitals}}
{{Saint John River}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Fredericton| ]]
[[Category:Cities in New Brunswick]]
[[Category:Former colonial capitals in Canada]]
[[Category:Greater Fredericton]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1785]]
[[Category:New Brunswick populated places on the Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)]]