Editing Frederick VIII of Denmark

{{Short description|King of Denmark from 1906 to 1912}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Frederik VIII
| image        = Frederik VIII of Denmark 1909.jpg
| caption      = Portrait by [[Peter Elfelt]], 1909
| succession   = [[King of Denmark]]
| moretext     = ([[Style of the Danish sovereign|more...]])
| reign        = 29 January 1906 – {{nowrap|14 May 1912}}
| predecessor  = [[Christian IX]]
| successor    = [[Christian X]]
| birth_name   = Prince Christian Frederik Vilhelm Carl of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|df=yes|1843|6|3}}
| birth_place  = [[Yellow Palace, Copenhagen]], Denmark
| death_date   = {{death date and age|df=yes|1912|5|14|1843|6|3}}
| death_place  = [[Hamburg]], German Empire
| burial_date  = 24 May 1912
| burial_place = [[Roskilde Cathedral]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Louise of Sweden]]|28 July 1869}}
| issue        = {{plainlist|
*[[Christian X of Denmark]]
*[[Haakon VII of Norway]]
*[[Princess Louise of Denmark (1875–1906)|Princess Louise]]
*[[Prince Harald of Denmark|Prince Harald]]
*[[Princess Ingeborg of Denmark|Princess Ingeborg, Duchess of Västergötland]]
*[[Princess Thyra of Denmark (1880–1945)|Princess Thyra]]
*[[Prince Gustav of Denmark|Prince Gustav]]
*[[Princess Dagmar of Denmark|Princess Dagmar]]
}}
| full name    = Christian Frederik Vilhelm Carl
| house        = [[House of Glücksburg|Glücksburg]]
| father       = [[Christian IX of Denmark]]
| mother       = [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel]]
| religion     = [[Church of Denmark]]
| signature    = Signature of Frederick VIII of Denmark.svg
}}

'''Frederik VIII''' ({{langx|da|Christian Frederik Vilhelm Carl}}; 3 June 1843 – 14 May 1912) was [[King of Denmark]] from 29 January 1906 until his death in 1912. 

As the eldest son of [[Christian IX of Denmark|King Christian IX]], nicknamed the ''[[Father-in-law of Europe]]'', Frederick was related to royalty throughout Europe. He was [[heir apparent]] to the Danish throne and served as [[crown prince]] for more than 42 years. During the long reign of his father, he was largely excluded from influence and political power.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://runeberg.org/dbl/5/0329.html |title =Frederik (Christian F. Vilhelm Carl) f. 1843, Kronprins|website= Dansk biografisk Lexikon
|access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref> 

Upon his father's death in 1906, he acceded to the throne at the advanced age of 62. In many ways, Frederick VIII was a liberal monarch who was much more favorable to the new [[parliamentary system]] introduced in 1901 than his father had been, being reform-minded and democratically inclined. Due to his late accession to the throne, however, Frederick's reign would last only six years, throughout which he was plagued by ill health.

Frederick VIII was married to [[Louise of Sweden]], with whom he had eight children. Their eldest son succeeded his father as [[Christian X of Denmark]], while their second son, [[Haakon VII|Carl]], ascended the [[Norwegian throne]] as Haakon VII in 1905.

==Early life==
[[File:Det Gule Palae Copenhagen.jpg|thumb|left|Frederick's birthplace, the [[Yellow Palace, Copenhagen|Yellow Palace]] in Copenhagen]] 
Prince Frederick was born on 3 June 1843 in the [[Yellow Palace, Copenhagen|Yellow Palace]], an 18th-century [[town house]] at 18 [[Amaliegade]], immediately adjacent to the [[Amalienborg]] Palace complex, the principal residence of the [[Danish royal family]] in the district of [[Frederiksstaden]] in central [[Copenhagen]].{{sfn|Thorsøe|1891|p=327}} He was the eldest son and child of [[Christian IX of Denmark|Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]] and [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel|Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel]]-Rumpenheim.<ref name=bp>{{cite book|author-link=Hugh Massingberd|last=Montgomery-Massingberd|first=Hugh|year=1977|title=Burke's Royal Families of the World|volume=1|location=London|publisher=[[Burke's Peerage]]|isbn=0-220-66222-3}}. pp. 69–70.</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url= https://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/1915/origin/170/ |title =Louise Vilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Augusta Julie
|website= Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon|access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref> His father's family was a [[cadet branch]] of the Danish royal [[House of Oldenburg]], which was descended from [[Christian III of Denmark|Christian III]] and which had ruled as non-sovereign dukes in [[Schleswig-Holstein]] for eight generations. He was baptised on 22 June with the names ''Christian Frederik Vilhelm Carl'', and was known as Prince Frederick.<ref name="kongeligedaab">{{cite book|first1=Lone|last1=Hindø|first2=Else|last2=Boelskifte|title=Kongelig Dåb. Fjorten generationer ved Rosenborg-døbefonten|trans-title=Royal Baptisms. Fourteen generations at the Rosenborg baptismal font|publisher=Forlaget Hovedland|year=2007|isbn=978-87-7070-014-6|page=87-88}}</ref> To the family he was known as ''Fredy'' throughout his life.{{sfn|Smidt|2020}}

[[File:Christian IX of Denmark and family 1862.jpg|thumb|left|Christian IX of Denmark with his wife and their six children, 1862. Left to right: [[Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)|Dagmar]], Frederick, [[Prince Valdemar of Denmark|Valdemar]], [[Christian IX of Denmark|Christian IX]], [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel|Queen Louise]], [[Princess Thyra of Denmark|Thyra]], [[George I of Greece|George]] and [[Alexandra of Denmark|Alexandra]].]]
He had five younger siblings: [[Alexandra of Denmark|Alexandra]] (1844–1925), [[George I of Greece|William]] (1845–1913), [[Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)|Dagmar]] (1847–1928), [[Princess Thyra of Denmark|Thyra]] (1853–1933) and [[Prince Valdemar of Denmark|Valdemar]] (1858–1939). Although they were of royal blood,{{efn|His parents were both great-grandchildren of [[Frederick V of Denmark]] and great-great-grandchildren of King [[George II of Great Britain]].}} the family lived a comparatively normal life. They did not possess great wealth; their father's income from an army commission was about [[pound sterling|£]]800 per year and their house was a rent-free [[grace and favour]] property.<ref>Duff, David (1980). ''Alexandra: Princess and Queen'' (London: Collins) {{ISBN|0-00-216667-4}}, pp. 16–17.</ref> Occasionally, [[Hans Christian Andersen]] was invited to call and tell the children stories before bedtime.<ref>Duff, p. 18.</ref>

In 1853, it was clear that the main line of the Oldenburg dynasty would become extinct with [[Frederick VII of Denmark|King Frederick VII]], who was elderly and childless. Frederick's mother was very close to the succession, as she was a niece of the previous Oldenburg king, [[Christian VIII of Denmark|Christian VIII]], through [[Princess Charlotte of Denmark|his sister]]. With the other heirs from the [[House of Hesse]]-Kassel having renounced their claims to the Danish throne in favour of Louise, who in turn relinquished her own claim, his father was eventually chosen as the heir presumptive. Accordingly, Frederick was created a Prince of Denmark.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/christian-ix/ |title =Christian IX|website= Amalienborg |access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Carrol, Lewis - Frederick, Kronprinz von Dänemark (Zeno Fotografie).jpg|thumb|upright|Frederick photographed by [[Lewis Caroll]] in 1863 during his stay in [[Oxford]].]]
On 19 October 1860, he was [[confirmation|confirmed]] together with his sister [[Alexandra of Denmark|Princess Alexandra]] in the [[Christiansborg Palace Chapel|chapel]] of [[Christiansborg Palace]].{{sfn|Thorsøe|1891|p=327}} After his confirmation, Prince Frederick was given an extensive military education, pursuing a career in the [[Royal Danish Navy]] alongside his brother [[Prince Valdemar of Denmark|Valdemar]]. In 1863, Frederick was sent to study political science at the [[University of Oxford]], but returned to Denmark upon his father becoming king in November that year. As heir apparent to the throne, he was given a seat in the [[Danish Council of State|State Council]] and subsequently assisted his father in the duties of government. In 1864, he formally took part in the [[Second Schleswig War]] against [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] and [[Austrian Empire|Austria]].

The crown prince was a member of the [[Danish Order of Freemasons]], serving as its [[Grand Master (Masonic)|Grand Master]] from 1871 until his death.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Kjeldsen |editor-first=Jørgen|title=I Guld og Himmelblåt – Frimureriet i Danmark gennem 250 år, 1743–1993|location=Copenhagen, Denmark|publisher=Den Danske Frimurerorden / Nyt Nordisk Forlag|edition=2|date=1993|pages=161–174|language=da|isbn=87-17-06379-5}}</ref>

==Marriage==
[[File:Fredrik og Lovisa.jpg|thumb|upright|Crown Prince Frederick and Princess [[Louise of Sweden]]]]
Queen Louise wanted her eldest son to marry as well as had her two daughters, Alexandra and Dagmar. Queen [[Queen Victoria|Victoria of the United Kingdom]] had two yet unmarried daughters, [[Princess Helena of the United Kingdom|Princess Helena]] and [[Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll|Princess Louise]], and Queen Louise planned to have Frederick marry one of them. During his stay in England, Crown Prince Frederik actually took an interest in Princess Helena, and although his feelings were reciprocated, the connection did not materialize, as Queen Victoria opposed it.{{sfn|Bramsen|1992|p=260-67}} Victoria did not want her daughters to marry heirs to foreign thrones, as this would force them to live abroad, instead preferring German princes who could establish homes in England. In addition, Victoria had always been pro-German and another Danish alliance (Frederick's sister, Alexandra, had married Victoria's eldest son [[Edward VII|Edward, Prince of Wales]]), would not have been in line with her German interests.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-queen-alexandra-4582642 |title = Biography of Queen Alexandra |website= thoughtco.com |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.kongernessamling.dk/amalienborg/person/alexandra/ |title =Alexandra|website= Amalienborg |access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref>

After this failed marriage attempt, attention turned instead to [[Louise of Sweden|Princess Louise of Sweden and Norway]], the only daughter of [[Charles XV of Sweden|King Charles XV of Sweden and Norway]]. Princess Louise belonged to the [[Bernadotte dynasty]], which had ruled in Sweden since 1818, when the founder, [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]], one of [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]'s generals, was elected crown prince of Sweden in 1810 and later succeeded the throne as King Charles XIV John in 1818. He married [[Désirée Clary]], who had once been engaged to the French Emperor. Charles XIV's son, [[Oscar I of Sweden|Oscar I]], had married [[Josephine of Leuchtenberg]], the granddaughter of Napoleon's first wife, the [[Empress Josephine]]. King Oscar I and Queen Josephine were Princess Louise's paternal grandparents.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://runeberg.org/sbh/b0095.html|title = Lovisa – Lovisa Josephina Eugenia |website= Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon |access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref>

The marriage was suggested as a way of creating friendship between Denmark and Sweden. Relations between the two countries had been tense after Sweden had not assisted Denmark during the war with Prussia in 1864. Frederick and Louise had met for the first time in 1862, but in 1868, Frederick was invited to Sweden to get to know Louise, and their meeting was described as a success. In July that same year, Crown Prince Frederick—then 25 years old—became engaged to the 17-year-old Princess Louise. A year later, they were married in the chapel at the [[Royal Palace in Stockholm]] on 28 July 1869. Louise was the first Swedish princess to be married into the Danish royal house since the Middle Ages, and the marriage was welcomed in all three Scandinavian countries as a symbol of the new [[Scandinavism]].

[[File:King FrederickVIIIof denmark and lovisa of sweden.jpg|thumb|left|Crown Prince Frederick and Crown Princess Louise.]] 
On 10 August 1869, the newlyweds made their entrance into [[Copenhagen]], where they received a warm welcome. As their residence, the couple was awarded [[Frederik VIII's Palace]], an 18th century palace which forms part of the [[Amalienborg Palace]] complex in central [[Copenhagen]]. As their country residence they received [[Charlottenlund Palace]], located on the shores of the [[Øresund Strait]] 10 kilometers north of [[Copenhagen]]. Here they had a refuge far away from court life at Amalienborg and here several of their children were born. Frederick and Louise had four sons and four daughters born between 1870 and 1890: [[Christian X of Denmark|Prince Christian]], [[Haakon VII of Norway|Prince Carl]], [[Princess Louise of Denmark (1875-1906)|Princess Louise]], [[Prince Harald of Denmark|Prince Harald]], [[Princess Ingeborg of Denmark|Princess Ingeborg]], [[Princess Thyra of Denmark (1880-1945)|Princess Thyra]], [[Prince Gustav of Denmark|Prince Gustav]] and [[Princess Dagmar of Denmark|Princess Dagmar]].<ref name=bp/> Their eldest sons, Christian and Carl, would become kings of Denmark and Norway respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.kongernessamling.dk/amalienborg/person/christian-10/ |title =Christian 10 |website= Amalienborg 
|access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://nbl.snl.no/Haakon_7 |title =Haakon 7|website=Store norske leksikon |access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref> Due to the many children, Charlottenlund Palace was rebuilt to accommodate the large family, and in 1880–81, the palace was expanded with a dome and two side wings.

==Heir apparent to the throne==
Frederick was crown prince for 43 years and used the time to prepare carefully for his reign. Even though he, as heir apparent to the throne, had a seat in the [[Council of State (Denmark)|Council of State]], his father made sure to largely exclude him from influence and political power.{{sfn|Bramsen|1992|p=270}}

==Reign==
[[File:The Nine Sovereigns at Windsor for the funeral of King Edward VII.jpg|thumb|The Nine Sovereigns at [[Windsor Castle|Windsor]] for the funeral of [[Edward VII|King Edward VII]], photographed on 20 May 1910. Standing, from left to right: Frederick VIII's son [[Haakon VII|King Haakon VII of Norway]], [[Ferdinand of Bulgaria|Tsar Ferdinand of the Bulgarians]], [[Manuel II of Portugal|King Manuel II of Portugal and the Algarves]], [[Wilhelm II|Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany]], [[George I of Greece|King George I of the Hellenes]] and [[Albert I of Belgium|King Albert I of the Belgians]]. Seated, from left to right: [[Alfonso XIII|King Alfonso XIII of Spain]], [[George V|King George V of the United Kingdom]] and King Frederick VIII of Denmark.]]
[[File:Frederik IIX - Otto Bache.jpg|left|thumb|175px|Portrait by [[Otto Bache]] (1910).]]

On 29 January 1906, King Christian IX died peacefully at the age of 87, after a reign of 43 years. Upon his father's death, Frederick succeeded to the throne at the age of 62. He was proclaimed king from the balcony of [[Christian VII's Palace]] at [[Amalienborg]] by the [[Prime Minister (Denmark)|Prime Minister]] [[Jens Christian Christensen]] as Frederick VIII.

Due to his late accession to the throne, Frederick's reign would last only six years, throughout which he was plagued by ill health. In many ways, Frederick VIII was a liberal monarch who was much more favorable to the new parliamentarian system than his father had been, being reform-minded and democratically inclined.

==Death==
On 14 May 1912, while on his return journey from a trip to [[Nice]] with his wife and four of his children, the king made a short stop in [[Hamburg]], staying at the Hotel Hamburger Hof under the pseudonym "Count Kronberg". That evening, Frederick—while incognito—went out for a stroll on the [[Jungfernstieg]], during which he became faint and collapsed on a park bench at [[Gänsemarkt]]. He was discovered by a police officer who took him to the hospital, where he was pronounced dead; his cause of death was announced as a heart attack. As Frederick was incognito at the time and had no papers on him, his body was brought to the local morgue, where he was identified by the hotel manager the next morning.

Rumors soon began to circulate about a possible scandal involving the king, as the place where he collapsed and died at was near a well-known [[brothel]]. The local police did not disclose details about the investigation, for fear of causing distress to the royal family.<ref name="Rohl">{{cite journal|author=Bernhard Röhl|date=10 March 2003|title=Der Tod kam mit dem Sex|url=https://taz.de/!803428/|page=22|journal=[[Die Tageszeitung]]|language=de}}</ref>

Frederick's body was transported via a special train to [[Travemünde]], after which he was brought back to Denmark by the royal yacht ''[[HDMY Dannebrog (1879)|Dannebrog]]''. After [[lying in state]] at the [[Christiansborg Palace Chapel|chapel]] of [[Christiansborg Palace]] in Copenhagen, he was interred in ''[[Christian IX's Chapel]]'' in [[Roskilde Cathedral]] on the island of [[Zealand]], the traditional burial site for [[List of Danish monarchs|Danish monarchs]] since the 15th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gravsted.dk/person.php?navn=frederik8|title=Frederik VIII|website=gravsted.dk|access-date=11 October 2022|language=da}}</ref>

==Descendants==
The reigning families of Denmark, Norway, Belgium and Luxembourg are descended from King Frederick VIII; Denmark's through his eldest son [[Christian X of Denmark|Christian X]], and Norway's through his second son, [[Haakon VII]] as well as through his daughter, [[Princess Ingeborg of Denmark]]. The royal family of Belgium and grand ducal family of Luxembourg are both also descended from Princess Ingeborg of Denmark.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=11950 
|title =Ingeborg C C F L|website= Svenskt biografiskt lexikon|access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref>

== Titles, styles, honours, and arms ==
=== Titles and styles ===
During his reign, [[Style of the Danish sovereign|the King's full style]] was: ''[[Majesty|His Majesty]] Frederick VIII, [[By the Grace of God]], [[King of Denmark]], of [[King of the Wends|the Wends]] and of [[King of the Goths|the Goths]], [[Duke of Schleswig]], [[Duke of Holstein|Holstein]], [[Duke of Stormarn|Stormarn]], [[Duke of Dithmarschen|Dithmarschen]], [[Duke of Lauenburg|Lauenburg]] and [[Duke of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]].''{{efn|In spite of the fact that Denmark had lost the duchies as a consequence of the [[Treaty of Vienna (1864)|Treaty of Vienna]] in 1864, this style continued to be used until the 1972 accession of [[Margrethe II|Queen Margrethe II]].<ref name="Titles of European hereditary rulers"/>}}<ref name="Titles of European hereditary rulers">{{cite web |url=http://eurulers.altervista.org/denmark.html |title=Denmark |website=Titles of European hereditary rulers |language=en |access-date=23 July 2023 |archive-date=10 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210010251/http://eurulers.altervista.org/denmark.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Honours===
The [[:da:Kronprins Frederiks Bro|Kronprins Frederiks Bro]] in [[Frederikssund]] and [[King Frederick VIII Land]] in Greenland are named after him.

'''National orders and decorations'''<ref name="Statskalendar">{{cite book |year=1906 |orig-year=1st pub.:1801 |editor1-last=Bille-Hansen |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Holck |editor2-first=Harald |title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1906 |trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1906 |url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/921842.pdf#page=39 |format=PDF |series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender |language=da |location=Copenhagen |publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri |pages=3, 6 |access-date=30 April 2020 |via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]}}</ref>
* [[Order of the Elephant|Knight of the Elephant]], ''3 June 1861''
* [[Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog]], ''3 June 1861''
* [[Order of the Dannebrog|Grand Commander of the Dannebrog]], ''28 July 1869''
* Commemorative Medal for the Golden Wedding of King Christian IX and Queen Louise, ''1892''

'''Foreign orders and decorations'''<ref name="Statskalendar2">{{cite book |year=1912 |orig-year=1st pub.:1801 |editor1-last=Bille-Hansen |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Holck |editor2-first=Harald |title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1912 |trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1912 |url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/918019.pdf#page=40 |format=PDF |series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender |language=da |location=Copenhagen |publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri |page=2 |access-date=30 April 2020 |via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Anhalt Duchies.png}} [[House of Ascania|Ascanian duchies]]: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Albert the Bear]], ''4 April 1863''<ref>''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt'' (1867) "Herzoglicher Haus-orden Albrecht des Bären" p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TYEp3N5O48EC&pg=PA18 18]</ref>
* {{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} {{flagicon|Kingdom of Hungary|1872}} [[Austria-Hungary]]: Grand Cross of the [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen]], ''1873''<ref>[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
* {{flag|Baden}}:<ref name = "HandbuchBaden">''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden'' (1896), "Großherzogliche Orden" [https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1878736 pp. 62], [https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1878750 76]</ref>
** Knight of the [[House Order of Fidelity]], ''1881''
** Knight of the [[Order of Berthold the First]], ''1881''
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Bavaria}}: [[Order of St. Hubert|Knight of St. Hubert]], ''1908''<ref>{{citation|title=Hof- und – Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern|year=1910|language=German|chapter=Königliche Orden|chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hx3n9k&view=1up&seq=38&skin=2021|location=Munich|publisher=Druck and Verlag|page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hx3n9k&view=1up&seq=40&skin=2021 8]|via=hathitrust.org}}</ref>
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]] (military), ''23 May 1866''<ref>{{cite book|title=Almanach royal officiel: 1867|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kqBCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA52|year=1867|page=52|author1 = Belgien}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Bulgaria}}:
** [[Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius|Knight of Saints Cyril and Methodius]], with Collar
** [[Order of St. Alexander|Grand Cross of St. Alexander]]
* {{flagicon|Saxe-Coburg and Gotha}} {{flagicon|Saxe-Altenburg}} {{flagicon|Saxe-Meiningen}} [[Ernestine duchies]]: Grand Cross of the [[Saxe-Ernestine House Order]]
* {{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}: Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]]
* {{flagicon|Greece|royal}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]]: [[Order of the Redeemer|Grand Cross of the Redeemer]]
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Hawaii}}: Grand Cross of the [[Royal Order of Kalākaua|Order of Kalākaua]]
* {{flagicon image|Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Hesse|Hesse and by Rhine]]: Grand Cross of the [[Ludwig Order]], ''5 May 1865''<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/hofundstaatshan00gergoog/page/n36 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen]'' (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 12</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}}: [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation]], ''10 May 1875''<ref name="dell'interno1898">{{cite book|author=Italia : Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PP5|year=1898|publisher=Unione tipografico-editrice|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PA54 54]}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]], ''18 May 1888''<ref>{{cite book|author=刑部芳則|title=明治時代の勲章外交儀礼|url=http://meijiseitoku.org/pdf/f54-5.pdf|year=2017|publisher=明治聖徳記念学会紀要|language=ja|page=144}}</ref>
* {{Flagicon image|Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg}} [[Mecklenburg]]: [[House Order of the Wendish Crown|Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown]], with Crown in Ore and in Diamonds, ''28 May 1884''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/grossherzoglich-mecklenburg-strelitzscher-staatskalender-fur-1907/mode/2up |title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Mecklenburg-Strelitz: 1907 |chapter=Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen |location=Neustrelitz |publisher=Druck und Debit der Buchdruckerei von G. F. Spalding und Sohn |date=1907 |page=[https://archive.org/details/grossherzoglich-mecklenburg-strelitzscher-staatskalender-fur-1907/page/n65/mode/2up 14]|language=German }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Nassau}} [[House of Nassau-Weilburg|Nassau Ducal Family]]: [[Order of the Golden Lion of Nassau|Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau]]
* {{flag|Netherlands}}: [[Order of the Netherlands Lion|Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion]]
* {{flag|Oldenburg}}: [[House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis|Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig]], with Golden Crown
* {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}: [[Order of Osmanieh]], 1st Class in Diamonds
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Portugal}}:
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of Christ (Portugal)|Royal Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ]]<ref name="Statskalendar"/>
** [[Order of the Tower and Sword|Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword]]
** [[Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa|Grand Cross of Our Lady of Conception]]
** Grand Cross of the [[Sash of the Three Orders]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg}} [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]:
** [[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Black Eagle]], ''8 December 1866''<ref>{{citation|title=Königlich Preussische Ordensliste|volume=1|chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=5&skin=2021|page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=14&skin=2021 6]|lang=German|chapter=Schwarzer Adler-orden|location=Berlin|year=1886}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Red Eagle|Grand Cross of the Red Eagle]]
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}}:
** [[Order of the Star of Romania|Grand Cross of the Star of Romania]]
** [[Order of the Crown of Romania|Grand Cross of the Crown of Romania]]
* {{flagcountry|Russian Empire|1858}}:
** [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew]], ''1864''
** [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky|Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky]]
** [[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Knight of the White Eagle]]
** [[Order of St. Anna|Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class]]
** [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)|Knight of St. Stanislaus, 1st Class]]
** [[Order of St. Vladimir|Knight of St. Vladimir, 4th Class]]
* {{flag|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}}: [[Order of the White Falcon|Grand Cross of the White Falcon]], ''1882''<ref>''[https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00185861/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_16_0245.tif Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150133/https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00185861/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_16_0245.tif |date=6 September 2020 }}'' (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16</ref>
* {{flagicon|Thailand|1855}} [[Siam]]:
** Knight of the [[Order of the Royal House of Chakri]], ''15 July 1897''<ref name="Copenhagen">{{cite journal |author=Royal Thai Government Gazette |author-link=Royal Thai Government Gazette |date=19 March 1898 |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2441/051/559.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508043649/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2441/051/559.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 May 2019 |title=พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ ที่ประเทศยุโรป|language=th |access-date=8 May 2019 }}</ref>
** [[Order of the White Elephant|Grand Cross of the White Elephant]]
* {{flagcountry|Restoration (Spain)}}: [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Knight of the Golden Fleece]], ''19 April 1883''<ref>{{cite book|url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000976079&search=&lang=es|chapter=Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1900|access-date=21 March 2019|page=167|language=es}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Sweden|1844}} {{flagicon|Norway|1844}} [[Sweden-Norway]]:
** [[Order of St. Olav|Grand Cross of St. Olav, with Collar]], ''18 July 1862''<ref>{{citation|title=Norges Statskalender|year=1890|url=https://runeberg.org/norkal/1890/0355.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|language=sv|pages=593–594}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim, with Collar]], ''7 August 1862''<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges Statskalender|year=1905|url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1905/0464.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|language=sv|page=440}}</ref>
** Knight of the [[Order of Charles XIII]], ''4 November 1871''<ref>{{cite book|author=Anton Anjou|year=1900|title=Riddare af Konung Carl XIII:s orden: 1811–1900: biografiska anteckningar|chapter-url=http://www.archive.org/stream/riddareafkonung00anjogoog#page/n10/mode/1up|chapter=Utländske Riddare|page=[http://www.archive.org/stream/riddareafkonung00anjogoog#page/n186/mode/2up 178]|publisher=Eksjö, Eksjö tryckeri-aktiebolag|language=sv}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Sword|Commander Grand Cross of the Sword]]

* {{Flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}:
** [[Order of the Bath|Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath (civil)]], ''10 March 1888''<ref name=p212>Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n303/mode/2up p. 212]</ref>
** Stranger Knight Companion of the [[Order of the Garter|Garter]], ''21 July 1896''<ref name=p70>Shaw, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n159/mode/2up p. 70]</ref>
** Honorary Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]], ''8 March 1901''<ref name=p424>Shaw, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n515/mode/2up p. 424]</ref>
** Recipient of the [[Royal Victorian Chain]], ''9 August 1902''<ref name=p415>Shaw, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n505/mode/2up p. 415]</ref>
}}

;Honorary military appointments
* [[Colonel-in-Chief]] of [[The Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)]], ''1906 – 1914'' ([[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]])<ref name=fallen>{{cite web|url=http://www.kentfallen.com/PDF%20reports/BUFFS%20DATES.pdf|title=The Buffs (East Kent Regiment)|publisher=Kent Fallen|access-date=30 December 2015}}</ref>
* ''[[À la suite]]'' of the [[Imperial German Navy]]<ref name="p33">Justus Perthes, ''Almanach de Gotha'' (1912) [https://archive.org/details/almanachdegotha00unse_18/page/32 p. 33]</ref>
* Honorary General of the [[Swedish Army]], ''1891'' ([[Sweden-Norway]])<ref>{{citation|title=Svensk rikskalender|year=1909|page=155|url=https://runeberg.org/rikskal/1909/0239.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|language=sv}}</ref>

==Issue==
{{Further information|Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark#Children of Frederick VIII and Louise}}

{| class="wikitable"
!Name!!Birth!!Death!!Spouse!!Children
|-
|[[Christian X of Denmark]]||26 September 1870||20 April 1947||[[Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Duchess Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]||[[Frederik IX|Frederik IX of Denmark]]<br>[[Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark]]
|-
|[[Haakon VII|Haakon VII of Norway]]||3 August 1872||21 September 1957||[[Maud of Wales|Princess Maud of Wales]]||[[Olav V|Olav V of Norway]]
|-
|[[Princess Louise of Denmark (1875–1906)|Princess Louise of Denmark]]||17 February 1875||4 April 1906||[[Prince Frederick of Schaumburg-Lippe]]||Marie Louise, Princess Friedrich Sigismund of Prussia<br>[[Prince Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe]]<br>Stephanie, Princess of Bentheim and Steinfurt
|-
|[[Prince Harald of Denmark]]||8 October 1876||30 March 1949||[[Princess Helena Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]||[[Princess Feodora of Denmark|Feodora, Princess Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe]]<br>[[Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark|Caroline-Mathilde, Hereditary Princess of Denmark]]<br>[[Princess Alexandrine-Louise of Denmark|Alexandrine-Louise, Countess Luitpold of Castell-Castell]]<br>[[Prince Gorm of Denmark]]<br>[[Count Oluf of Rosenborg]]
|-
|[[Princess Ingeborg of Denmark]]||2 August 1878||12 March 1958||[[Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland]]||[[Princess Margaretha of Sweden|Margaretha, Princess Axel of Denmark]]<br>[[Princess Märtha of Sweden|Märtha, Crown Princess of Norway]]<br>[[Astrid of Sweden|Astrid, Queen of the Belgians]]<br>[[Prince Carl Bernadotte]]
|-
|[[Princess Thyra of Denmark (1880–1945)|Princess Thyra of Denmark]]||14 March 1880||2 November 1945||rowspan="2"|unmarried||rowspan="2"|none
|-
|[[Prince Gustav of Denmark]]||4 March 1887||5 October 1944
|-
|[[Princess Dagmar of Denmark]]||23 May 1890||11 October 1961||Jørgen Castenskiold||Carl Castenskiold<br/>Christian Castenskiold<br>Jørgen Castenskiold<br/>Dagmar Larsen<br>Christian Frederik Castenskiold
|}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Frederick VIII of Denmark'''
|2= 2. [[Christian IX of Denmark]]
|3= 3. [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel|Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel]]
|4= 4. [[Frederick William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]
|5= 5. [[Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel]]
|6= 6. [[Prince William of Hesse-Kassel]]
|7= 7. [[Princess Charlotte of Denmark]]
|8= 8. [[Frederick Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck]]
|9= 9. [[Countess Friederike von Schlieben]]
|10= 10. [[Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel]]
|11= 11. [[Princess Louise of Denmark (1750–1831)|Princess Louise of Denmark]]
|12= 12. [[Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel]]
|13= 13. [[Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen]]
|14= 14. [[Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark]]
|15= 15. [[Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last=Aronson|first=Theo|authorlink=Theo Aronson|title=A Family of Kings: The descendants of Christian IX of Denmark|edition=2nd|publisher=Thistle Publishing|location=London|year=2014|isbn=978-1910198124|ref=Aronson}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bramsen|first=Bo|year=1992|title=Huset Glücksborg. Europas svigerfader og hans efterslægt.|trans-title=The House of Glücksburg. The Father-in-law of Europe and his descendants|edition=2nd|publisher=Forlaget Forum|location=Copenhagen|isbn=87-553-1843-6|language=da}}
* {{Cite book|last=Chaffanjon|first=Arnaud|authorlink=Arnaud Chaffanjon|year=1980|title=Histoires de familles royales : Victoria d'Angleterre - Christian IX de Danemark et leurs descendances de 1840 à nos jours|publisher=[[Ramsay (publishing house)|Ramsay]]|location=Paris|isbn=9782859561840| language=fr}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fabricius Møller |first=Jes |year=2013 |title=Dynastiet Glücksborg, en Danmarkshistorie |language=da |publisher=Gad |location=Copenhagen |isbn=9788712048411 |ref=Fabricius Møller}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Lerche|first1=Anna|last2=Mandal|first2=Marcus|year=2003|title=A royal family : the story of Christian IX and his European descendants|location=Copenhagen|publisher=Aschehoug|isbn=9788715109577}}
* {{Cite book|last=Olden-Jørgensen|first=Sebastian|year=2003|title=Prinsessen og det hele kongerige. Christian IX og det glücksborgske kongehus|publisher=Gad|location=Copenhagen|language=da|isbn=8712040517|ref=Olden-Jørgensen}}
* {{Cite book|first=Birgitte Louise|last=Peiter Rosenhegn|year=2018|title=Frederik VIII and Queen Lovisa: The Overlooked Royal Couple|publisher=Historika|isbn=978-8793229839}}
* {{Cite book|last= Scocozza |first= Benito|year= 1997|title= Politikens bog om danske monarker|publisher= Politikens Forlag |location= Copenhagen|language=da|isbn= 87-567-5772-7|ref=Scocozza (1997)}}
* {{Cite book|first=Poul|last=Smidt|title=Fredy : klemt kronprins - glemt konge : en biografi om Frederik 8.|location=Copenhagen|publisher=Gyldendals Forlag|year=2020|isbn=9788702257274|language=da}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|first=Alexander |last=Thorsøe |title=Frederik |url=https://runeberg.org/dbl/5/0329.html |year=1891 |encyclopedia=[[Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|Dansk biografisk Lexikon, tillige omfattende Norge for tidsrummet 1537-1814]] |volume=V |edition=1st |location=Copenhagen |publisher=[[Gyldendal|Gyldendals forlag]] |pages=327–328 |language=da }}
* {{Cite book|last=Van der Kiste|first=John|authorlink=John Van der Kiste|year=1996|title=Northern crowns : the kings of modern Scandinavia|publisher=Sutton Publishing|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire|isbn=9780750911382}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Frederik VIII of Denmark|Frederick VIII of Denmark}}
* [http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/The-Royal-Lineage The Royal Lineage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314224944/http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/The-Royal-Lineage |date=14 March 2015 }} at the website of the [[Danish Monarchy]]
* [http://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/frederik-viii/ Frederik VIII] at the website of the Royal Danish Collection at [[Amalienborg Palace]]
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Frederick VIII. |short=x}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]|3 June|1843|14 May|1912|[[House of Oldenburg]]|name=Frederick VIII}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Christian IX of Denmark|Christian IX]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Danish monarchs|King of Denmark]]|years=1906–1912}}
{{s-aft|rows=1|after=[[Christian X of Denmark|Christian X]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Monarchs of Denmark}}
{{Monarchs of Iceland}}
{{Danish princes}}
{{Princes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frederick 08 Of Denmark}}
[[Category:1843 births]]
[[Category:1912 deaths]]
[[Category:Frederick VIII of Denmark| ]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]
[[Category:Crown princes of Denmark]]
[[Category:20th-century monarchs of Denmark]]
[[Category:House of Glücksburg (Denmark)]]
[[Category:Princes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]
[[Category:Danish Freemasons]]
[[Category:Burials at Roskilde Cathedral]]
<!-- Honours -->
[[Category:Grand Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Kalākaua]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)|3]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz|3]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword|3]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania)]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Charles XIII]]
[[Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword]]
[[Category:Children of Christian IX of Denmark]]
[[Category:Danish people of German descent]]
[[Category:Danish people of English descent]]
[[Category:Danish people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:Danish people of British descent]]
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