Editing Frankfurt

{{Short description|Largest city in Hesse, Germany}}
{{About|the city in Hesse, Germany}}
{{Distinguish|Frankfort|Frankfurt (Oder)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox German place
|name              = Frankfurt am Main
|German_name = <small> ''Frangford am Maa'' ([[Hessian dialects|Hessian]])</small> 
|type              = City 
|image_photo       = {{multiple image
  | total_width            = 290
  | border                 = infobox
  | perrow                 = 1/3/2/1
  | caption_align          = center
  | image1                 = Frankfurt Main August 2020 1.jpg
  | caption1               = [[List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt|Frankfurt's skyline]] with [[Taunus]] and [[Europaturm]]
  | image2                 = Frankfurt Am Main-St Bartholomaeus-Ansicht von der Untermainbruecke-20110328.jpg
  | caption2               = [[Frankfurt Cathedral]]
  | image3                 = Europäische Zentralbank - European Central Bank (19190136328) (cropped).jpg
  | caption3               = [[Seat of the European Central Bank|European Central Bank]]
  | image4                 = 01-01-2014 - Messeturm - trade fair tower - Frankfurt- Germany - 05.jpg
  | caption4               = [[Messeturm]]
  | image5                 = Frankfurt Am Main-Roemerberg 19-27 von Suedosten-20110307.jpg
  | caption5               = [[Römerberg (Frankfurt)|Römerberg]] 
  | image6                 = FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg
  | caption6               = [[Alte Oper]]
  | image7                 = Hoechster Mainpanorama August 2007.jpg
  | caption7               = [[Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)|Old town in Höchst]]
  }}
|image_flag        = Flag of Frankfurt am Main.svg
|image_coa         = DEU Frankfurt am Main COA.svg
|coordinates       = {{coord|50|06|38|N|08|40|56|E|display=it}}
|image_plan        = Hesse F.svg
|plantext          = 
|state             = Hesse
|region            = Darmstadt
|district          = urban
|elevation         = 112
|area              = 248.31
|pop_urban         = 2319029<ref name="The FrankfurtRheinMain region">[http://www.region-frankfurt.de/Regional-Authority/Facts-and-figures?La=2 The FrankfurtRheinMain region – facts and figures] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131184241/http://www.region-frankfurt.de/Regional-Authority/Facts-and-figures?La=2 |date=31 January 2017 }} Retrieved 18 January 2017</ref>
|pop_metro         = 5604523<ref name="Regional Monitoring 2015">[http://www.region-frankfurt.de/media/custom/2629_303_1.PDF?1469180764 Regional Monitoring 2015. Facts and Figures – FrankfurtRheinMain Metropolitan Region] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131184232/http://www.region-frankfurt.de/media/custom/2629_303_1.PDF?1469180764 |date=31 January 2017 }} Retrieved 18 January 2017</ref>
|postal_code       = 60306–60599, 65929–65936
|area_code         = 069, [[Harheim|06101]], [[Bergen-Enkheim|06109]]
|licence           = F
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 4 12 000
|divisions         = 16 area districts ({{lang|de|Ortsbezirke}})<br />46 city districts ({{lang|de|Stadtteile}})
|website           = {{Official URL}}
|mayor             = [[Mike Josef]]<ref name="Süddeutsche.de-2022">{{cite web | title=Frankfurter Oberbürgermeister Feldmann endgültig abgewählt | website=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung|Süddeutsche.de]] | date=11 November 2022 | url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/kommunen-frankfurt-am-main-frankfurter-oberbuergermeister-feldmann-endgueltig-abgewaehlt-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-221110-99-469525 | language=de | access-date=11 November 2022 | archive-date=11 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111150611/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/kommunen-frankfurt-am-main-frankfurter-oberbuergermeister-feldmann-endgueltig-abgewaehlt-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-221110-99-469525 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|leader_term       = 
|Bürgermeistertitel = [[Mayor of Frankfurt|Lord Mayor]]
|party             = SPD
|ruling_party1     = Greens
|ruling_party2     = SPD
|ruling_party3     = FDP
|ruling_party4     = Volt
|year              = 1st century
}}

'''Frankfurt am Main'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|r|æ|ŋ|k|f|ɜːr|t}} {{respell|FRANK|furt}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Frankfurt}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|USalso|ˈ|f|r|æ|ŋ|k|f|ʊər|t}} {{respell|FRANK|foort}};<ref>{{Cite Dictionary.com|Frankfurt}}</ref> {{IPA|de|ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁt ʔam ˈmaɪn|lang|De-Frankfurt_am_Main-pronunciation.ogg}}; [[Hessian dialects|Hessian]]: {{lang|mis|Frangford am Maa}} {{IPA|und|ˈfʁɑŋfɔɐ̯t am ˈmãː|}}.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Keil |first1=Carsten |title=Frankfurter Aussprachewörterbuch |url=https://frankfurterisch.org/woerterbuch |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-date=13 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313181946/https://frankfurterisch.org/woerterbuch |url-status=live }}</ref>}} ({{lit.|[[Franks|Frank]] [[Ford (crossing)|ford]] on the{{efn|{{lang|de|[[wikt:an#German|an]] [[wikt:dem#German|dem]]}} → {{lang|de|[[wikt:am#German|am]]}}}} [[Main (river)|Main]]}}) is the most populous city in the [[States of Germany|German state]] of [[Hesse]]. Its 773,068 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the [[List of cities in Germany by population|fifth-most populous city in Germany]].{{efn|after [[Berlin]], [[Hamburg]], [[Munich]] and [[Cologne]]}} Located in the foreland of the [[Taunus]] on its namesake [[Main (river)|Main]], it forms a continuous [[conurbation]] with [[Offenbach am Main]]; [[Frankfurt Rhein-Main Regional Authority|its urban area]] has a population of over 2.7 million. The city is the heart of the larger [[Rhine-Main]] metropolitan region, which has a population of more than 5.8 million and is Germany's [[Metropolitan regions in Germany|second-largest]] metropolitan region after the [[Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region|Rhine-Ruhr]] region and the [[List of EU metropolitan regions by GDP#2021 ranking of top four German metropolitan regions|fourth largest metropolitan region by GDP]] in the [[European Union]] (EU). Frankfurt is one of the ''[[de facto]]'' four main capitals of the European Union (alongside [[Brussels]], [[Luxembourg City|Luxembourg]] and [[Strasbourg]]), as it is home to the [[European Central Bank]], one of the [[Institutional seats of the European Union|institutional seats]] of the European Union, while [[Bankenviertel|Frankfurt's central business district]] lies about {{cvt|90|km|0}} northwest of the [[Geographical midpoint of Europe#Geographic centre of the European Union|geographic center of the EU]] at [[Gadheim]] in [[Lower Franconia]]. Like France and [[Franconia]], the city is named after the [[Franks]]. Frankfurt is the largest city in the [[Rhine Franconian dialects|Rhenish Franconian]] dialect area.

Frankfurt was a [[City-state|city state]], the [[Free City of Frankfurt]], for nearly five centuries, and was one of the most important cities of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], as a site of [[Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor|Imperial coronations]]; it lost its [[sovereignty]] upon the collapse of the empire in 1806, regained it in 1815 and then lost it again in 1866, when it was annexed (though neutral) by the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]. It has been part of the state of Hesse since 1945. Frankfurt is culturally, ethnically and religiously diverse, with half of its population, and a majority of its young people, [[Immigration to Germany|having a migrant background]]. A quarter of the population consists of foreign nationals, including many [[expatriate]]s. In 2015, Frankfurt was home to 1,909 [[High-net-worth individual|ultra high-net-worth individuals]], the sixth-highest number of any city. As of 2023, Frankfurt is the [[List of cities by GDP#Cities by wealth|13th-wealthiest city]] in the world and the third-wealthiest city in Europe (after [[London]] and [[Paris]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Worlds Wealthiest Cities 2023 |url=https://www.henleyglobal.com/publications/wealthiest-cities |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=Henley & Partners |language=en |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418081544/https://www.henleyglobal.com/publications/wealthiest-cities |url-status=live }}</ref>

Frankfurt is a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation, and is the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Due to its central location in the former [[West Germany]], [[Frankfurt Airport]] became the [[List of the busiest airports in Germany|busiest in Germany]], one of [[List of the busiest airports|the busiest]] in the world, the airport with the most direct routes in the world, and the primary hub for [[Lufthansa]], the [[Flag carrier|national airline]] of Germany and Europe's largest airline. [[Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof|Frankfurt Central Station]] is Germany's second-busiest railway station after [[Hamburg Hbf]], operated by [[Deutsche Bahn]], the world's largest railway company,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/ |title=Global 500 2023 |work=Fortune |access-date=24 December 2023 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> whose Frankfurter division [[DB InfraGO]] manages the largest railway network in Europe.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dbinfrago.com/web-en/profile-12541196 | title=Our profile }}</ref> [[Frankfurter Kreuz]] is the most-heavily used [[Interchange (road)|interchange]] in the EU. Frankfurt is one of the major [[financial center]]s of the European continent, with the headquarters of the [[European Central Bank]], {{lang|de|[[Deutsche Bundesbank]]|italic=no}}, [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]], [[Deutsche Bank]], [[DZ Bank]], [[KfW]], [[Commerzbank]], [[DekaBank]], [[Helaba]], several [[Cloud computing|cloud]] and [[Fintech|fintech]] [[Startup company|startups]], and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and [[creative industries]] complement the economic base. Frankfurt's [[DE-CIX]] is the world's largest [[internet exchange point]]. [[Messe Frankfurt]] is one of the world's largest [[Trade show|trade fairs]]. Major fairs include the [[Musikmesse Frankfurt|Music Fair]] and the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]], the world's largest book fair. The city also has 93 consulates, among which the largest is the [[Consulate General of the United States, Frankfurt|US Consulate General]].

Frankfurt is home to influential [[Education in Germany|educational]] institutions, including the [[Goethe University Frankfurt|Goethe University]] with the Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt ([[:de:Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt|de]]) (Hesse's largest hospital), the [[Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences|FUAS]], the [[Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts|FUMPA]], and graduate schools like the [[Frankfurt School of Finance & Management|FSFM]]. The city is one seat of two seats of the [[German National Library]] (alongside [[Leipzig]]), the largest library in the German-speaking countries and one of the largest in the world. Its renowned [[Culture of Germany|cultural]] venues include the concert hall [[Alte Oper]], continental Europe's largest [[The English Theatre Frankfurt|English theater]] and many museums, 26 of which line up along the [[Museumsufer]], including the [[Städel]], the [[Liebieghaus]], the {{ill|German Film Museum|de|Deutsches Filmmuseum}}, the [[Naturmuseum Senckenberg|Senckenberg Natural Museum]], the [[Goethe House]] and the [[Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt|Schirn]] art venue. [[List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt|Frankfurt's skyline]] is shaped by some of Europe's tallest skyscrapers, which has led to the term ''[[Mainhattan]]''. The city has many notable green areas and parks, including the [[Wallanlagen]], [[:de:Niddapark|Volkspark Niddatal]], [[Grüneburgpark]], the [[Frankfurt City Forest|City Forest]], two major [[botanical garden]]s (the [[Palmengarten]] and the [[Botanical Garden Frankfurt]]) and the [[Frankfurt Zoological Garden]]. Frankfurt is the seat of the [[German Football Association]] (Deutscher Fußball-Bund – DFB), is home to the first division association football club [[Eintracht Frankfurt]], the [[Löwen Frankfurt]] ice hockey team, and the basketball club [[Skyliners Frankfurt|Frankfurt Skyliners]], and is the venue of the [[Frankfurt Marathon]] and the [[Ironman Germany]].

{{TOC limit |levels=3 }}

== Distinctions ==
Frankfurt is the largest financial hub in [[continental Europe]]. It is home to the [[European Central Bank]], {{lang|de|[[Deutsche Bundesbank]]|italic=no}}, [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]] and several large commercial banks. Frankfurt has many [[Tower block|high-rise buildings]] that form its renowned [[List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt|Frankfurt skyline]]. In fact, it is one of the few cities in the [[European Union]] (EU) to have such a skyline. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange is one of the world's largest [[stock exchange]]s by [[market capitalization]] and accounts for more than 90 percent of the turnover in the German market.

In 2010, 63 national and 152 international banks had their registered offices in Frankfurt, including Germany's major banks, notably [[Deutsche Bank]], [[DZ Bank]], [[KfW]], [[Deka Bank]] and [[Commerzbank]], as well as 41 representative offices of international banks.<ref name="Internetredaktion-2012">{{cite web |author=Internetredaktion |url=http://www.bundesbank.de/download/hv/frankfurt/bankenplatz_frankfurt.pdf |title=Bundesbank: Bankenplatz Frankfurt |language=de |publisher=Bundesbank.de |date=23 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101073333/http://bundesbank.de/download/hv/frankfurt/bankenplatz_frankfurt.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2011}}</ref> Frankfurt has been nicknamed [[Mainhattan]] and [[Bankfurt]]. The city is also noted for its unique timber-framed [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|old town]]. The [[Römer]] area has been most recently in the [[Dom-Römer Project]] and hosts the [[Frankfurt Christmas Market]]. The [[Saalgasse]] complements the timbered romanticism with postmodern houses by 12 different architectural firms.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Freddy Langer |title=Frankfurt's New Old Town |date=2020 |publisher=Insel Verlag |isbn=9783458764380}}</ref>

Frankfurt is considered a [[global city]] as listed by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network|GaWC]] group's 2012 inventory.<ref name="The World According to GaWC Archived 30 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine">"[http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/gawcworlds.html The World According to GaWC] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130081552/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/gawcworlds.html |date=30 November 2012}}". GaWC. Retrieved 4 November 2014.</ref> Among global cities it was ranked tenth by the [[Global city#Global Power City Index|Global Power City Index 2011]] and 11th by the [[Global city#Global City Competitiveness Index|Global City Competitiveness Index 2012]]. Among financial hubs, the city was ranked eighth by the [[Financial centre#Xinhua–Dow Jones Index (2010–2014)|International Financial Centers Development Index 2013]] and ninth in the 2013 [[Global Financial Centres Index]].

Its central location in Germany and Europe makes Frankfurt a major air, rail, and road [[transport hub]]. [[Frankfurt Airport]] is one of the [[World's busiest airports by passenger traffic|world's busiest international airports by passenger traffic]] and the main hub for Germany's [[flag carrier]] [[Lufthansa]]. [[Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof|Frankfurt Central Station]] is one of the largest [[terminal station|rail station]]s in Europe and the busiest junction operated by [[Deutsche Bahn]], the German national railway company, with 342 trains a day to domestic and European destinations.<ref name="Bahnhof">[http://www.bahnhof.de/site/bahnhoefe/de/sued/frankfurt__hbf/daten__und__fakten/daten__und__fakten__.html Bahnhof.de Frankfurt Hbf] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215053841/http://www.bahnhof.de/site/bahnhoefe/de/sued/frankfurt__hbf/daten__und__fakten/daten__und__fakten__.html |date=15 February 2012}}. Retrieved 27 September 2011.</ref> [[Frankfurter Kreuz]], also known as the [[Autobahn]] [[Interchange (road)|interchange]] and located close to the airport, is the most-heavily used interchange in the EU, used by 320,000 cars daily.<ref name="Strassenwaerter Archived 2 May 2005 at the Wayback Machine">[http://www.strassenwaerter.de/strassen_und_autobahnmeisterei_frankfurt.htm Strassenwaerter] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050502202449/http://www.strassenwaerter.de/strassen_und_autobahnmeisterei_frankfurt.htm |date=2 May 2005}}</ref> In 2011 human-resource-consulting firm [[Mercer (consulting firm)|Mercer]] ranked Frankfurt as seventh in its annual 'Quality of Living' survey of cities around the world.<ref name="Mercer-2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.mercer.com/referencecontent.htm?idContent=1173105#Top_50_cities:_Quality_of_living |title=Mercer's Survey 2011 |date=29 November 2011 |publisher=[[Mercer (consulting firm)|Mercer]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502132638/http://www.mercer.com/referencecontent.htm?idContent=1173105#Top_50_cities:_Quality_of_living |archive-date=2 May 2014}}</ref> According to ''[[The Economist]]'' cost-of-living survey, Frankfurt is Germany's most expensive city and the world's tenth most expensive.<ref name="The Economist">{{cite news |url=http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/15/worlds-most-expensive-place-to-live/?hpt=ieu_t4 |title=World's most expensive place to live is... |newspaper=The Economist |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219231307/http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/15/worlds-most-expensive-place-to-live/?hpt=ieu_t4 |archive-date=19 February 2012}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{lang|goh|Frankonovurd}} (in [[Old High German]]) or {{lang|la|Vadum Francorum}} (in [[Latin]]) were the first names mentioned in written records from 794. It transformed to ''Frankenfort'' during the [[Middle Ages]] and then to ''Franckfort'' and ''Franckfurth'' in the [[modern history|modern era]]. According to historian [[David Gans]], the city was named {{circa|146 AD}} by its builder, a Frankish king named Zuna, who ruled over the province then known as [[Sicambri]]. He hoped thereby to perpetuate the name of his lineage.<ref>Dovid Solomon Ganz, ''Tzemach David'' (part 2), Warsaw 1859, p. 13b (Hebrew); Polish name of book: ''Cemahc Dawid''; cf. J.M. Wallace-Hadrill, ''Fredegar and the History of France'', University of Manchester, n.d. pp. 536–538.</ref> This is chronologically incompatible, however, with the archaeologically demonstrated Roman occupation of the area around [[Nida (Roman town)|Nida]] fortress in modern [[Heddernheim]]. The name is derived from the ''Franconofurd'' of the [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribe]] of the [[Franks]]; ''Furt'' ([[cf.]] English ''[[ford (river)|ford]]'') where the river was shallow enough to be crossed on foot.
[[File:Die Frankenfurt.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|The legend of the ''Frankenfurt'' (ford of the Franks)]]
By the 19th century, the name ''Frankfurt'' had been established as the official spelling. The older English spelling of ''Frankfort'' is now rarely seen in reference to Frankfurt am Main, although more than a dozen other towns and cities, mainly in the United States, use this spelling, including [[Frankfort, Kentucky]], [[Frankfort (town), New York|Frankfort, New York]], and [[Frankfort, Illinois]]. ''The New York Times'' first used the Frankfurt spelling for Frankfurt am Main on 24 October 1953 and last used the Frankfort spelling on 10 June 1954.

The suffix ''am Main'' has been used regularly since the 14th century. In English, the city's full name of ''Frankfurt am Main'' means "Frankfurt on the Main" (pronounced like English ''mine'' or German {{lang|de|mein}}). Frankfurt is located on an ancient ford (German: ''{{Lang|de|Furt}}'') on the river [[Main (river)|Main]]. As a part of early [[Franconia]], the inhabitants were the early [[Franks]], thus the city's name reveals its legacy as "the ford of the Franks on the Main".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&pg=PA135 |title=Placenames of the world |last=Room |first=Adrian |publisher=McFarland |year=2006 |page=135 |access-date=23 July 2009 |isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722025846/http://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&lpg=PA135&pg=PA135 |archive-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Among English speakers, the city is commonly known simply as Frankfurt, but Germans occasionally call it by its full name to distinguish it from the other (significantly smaller) German city of [[Frankfurt (Oder)|Frankfurt an der Oder]] in the [[States of Germany|''Land'']] of [[Brandenburg]] on the Polish border.

The city district [[Bonames]] has a name probably dating back to Roman times, thought to be derived from ''{{Not a typo|bona me(n)sa}}'' (good table).

The common abbreviations for the city, primarily used in railway services and on road signs, are ''Frankfurt (Main)'', ''Frankfurt (M)'', ''Frankfurt a. M.'', ''Frankfurt/Main'' or ''Frankfurt/M''. The common [[abbreviation]] for the name of the city is "FFM". Also in use is "FRA", the [[International Air Transport Association airport code|IATA code]] for Frankfurt Airport.

==History==
{{Main|History of Frankfurt am Main}}
{{For timeline}}

{{Quote box
| width = 25em
| align = right
| title_bg = #B0C4DE
| title = Timeline of Frankfurt am Main<br /><small>historical affiliations</small>
| fontsize = 80%
| quote = {{Noflag|[[Roman Empire]]}}, pre 475<br />
{{Noflag|[[Francia]]}}, ca. 475–843<br />
{{Noflag|[[East Francia]]}}, 843–962<br />
{{flagicon image|Heiliges Römisches Reich - Reichssturmfahne vor 1433 (Nimbierter Adler).svg}} [[Holy Roman Empire]], 962–1806<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Free City of Frankfurt.svg}} [[Free City of Frankfurt]], 1372–1806<br />
{{flagicon image|Banner of the Electorate of Mainz.svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Frankfurt]], 1806–1813 <br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Free City of Frankfurt.svg}} [[Free City of Frankfurt]], 1813–1866<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg}} [[Kingdom of Prussia]], 1866–1918<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Germany (1867–1918).svg}} [[German Empire]], 1871–1918 <br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg}} [[Weimar Republic]], 1918–1933 <br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg}} [[Nazi Germany|German Reich]], 1933–1945<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[American occupation zone in Germany|American occupation zone]], 1945–1949<br />
{{flagicon image|Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg}} [[West Germany]], 1949–1990 <br />
{{flag|Germany}}, 1990–present
}}

===Early history and Holy Roman Empire===
At the western borders of Frankfurt lies the [[Michelsberg culture#Settlements|Kapellenberg]] as part of the Taunus with one of the first Stone Age cities in Europe.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.leiza.de/en/research/project-4/the-onset-of-urbanisation-in-the-rhine-main-region-6000-years-ago | title=LEIZA: The onset of urbanisation in the Rhine-Main region 6,000 years ago | access-date=17 December 2023 | archive-date=13 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313223529/https://www.leiza.de/en/research/project-4/the-onset-of-urbanisation-in-the-rhine-main-region-6000-years-ago | url-status=live }}</ref> The Celts had different settlements in the Taunus mountains north of Frankfurt, the biggest one the [[Heidetrank Oppidum]]. The first traces of [[Germania|Roman settlements]] established in the area of the [[Nidda River|river Nidda]] date to the reign of Emperor [[Vespasian]] in the years 69 to 79 AD. [[Nida (Roman town)|Nida]] (modern [[Heddernheim]], [[Praunheim]]) was a Roman [[civitas]] capital (''Civitas Taunensium'').

[[Alemanni]] and Franks [[Francia|lived there]], and by 794, [[Charlemagne]] presided over an [[Council of Frankfurt|imperial assembly]] and church synod, at which ''Franconofurd'' (alternative spellings end with -furt and -{{Not a typo|vurd}}) was first mentioned. It was one of the two capitals of Charlemagne's grandson [[Louis the German]], together with [[Regensburg]]. Louis founded the [[collegiate church]], rededicated in 1239 to [[Bartholomew the Apostle]] and now [[Frankfurt Cathedral]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Rolf Grosse |title=Du royaume franc aux origines de la France et de l'Allemagne 800–1214 |publisher=Presses Universitaires du Septentrion |date=2014 |page=47}}</ref>

Frankfurt was one of the most important cities in the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. From 855, the [[German kings]] were elected and crowned in [[Aachen]]. From 1562, the kings and [[Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor|emperors were crowned]] and [[Imperial election|elected]] in Frankfurt, initiated for [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]]. This tradition ended in 1792, when [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]] was elected. His coronation was deliberately held on [[Bastille Day]], 14 July, the anniversary of the [[storming of the Bastille]]. The elections and coronations took place in [[Frankfurt Cathedral|St. Bartholomäus Cathedral]], known as the {{lang|de|Kaiserdom}} (Emperor's Cathedral), or its predecessors.

The {{lang|de|[[Messe Frankfurt|Frankfurter Messe]]}} ('Frankfurt Trade Fair') was first mentioned in 1150. In 1240, [[Emperor Frederick II]] granted an imperial privilege to its visitors, meaning they would be protected by the empire. The fair became particularly important when similar fairs in French Beaucaire lost attraction around 1380. [[Frankfurt Book Fair|Book trade fairs]] began in 1478.

In 1372, Frankfurt became a {{lang|de|Reichsstadt}} ([[Imperial Free City]]), i.e., directly subordinate to the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] and not to a regional ruler or a local nobleman.

In 1585, Frankfurt traders established a system of [[exchange rate]]s for the various currencies that were circulating to prevent cheating and extortion. Therein lay the early roots for the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.

Frankfurt managed to remain neutral during the [[Thirty Years' War]], but suffered from the [[bubonic plague]] that refugees brought to the city. After the war, Frankfurt regained its wealth. In the late 1770s the theater principal [[Abel Seyler]] was based in Frankfurt, and established the city's theatrical life.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mohr |first=Albert Richard |author-link=Albert Richard Mohr |year=1967 |chapter=Abel Seyler und seine Verdienste um das Frankfurter Theaterleben |title=Frankfurter Theater von der Wandertruppe zum Komödienhaus: ein Beitrag zur Theatergeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts |location=Frankfurt am Main |publisher=Kramer |pages=66–81}}</ref>
<gallery mode=packed heights="200px">
Mk Frankfurt Merian Stadtansicht.jpg|Frankfurt in 1612
Frankfurt Am Main-Peter Becker-BAAF-032-Aussicht vom Steinernen Haus in der Judengasse nach Westen-1872.jpg|Frankfurt in 1872
Hertel Kaiserplatz von Osten um 1880.jpg|Kaiserplatz, {{circa|1880}}
</gallery>

===Impact of French revolution and the Napoleonic Wars===
Following the [[French Revolution]], Frankfurt was occupied or bombarded several times by French troops. It remained a [[Free imperial city|Free city]] until the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1805/6. In 1806, it became part of the [[principality of Aschaffenburg]] under the {{lang|de|Fürstprimas}} ([[Prince-Primate]]), [[Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg]]. This meant that Frankfurt was incorporated into the [[Confederation of the Rhine]]. In 1810, Dalberg adopted the title of a [[Grand Duchy of Frankfurt|Grand Duke of Frankfurt]]. [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] intended to make his adopted son [[Eugène de Beauharnais]], already {{lang|fr|Prince de Venise}} ("[[prince of Venice]]", a newly established primogeniture in Italy), Grand Duke of Frankfurt after Dalberg's death (since the latter as a Catholic bishop had no legitimate heirs). The Grand Duchy remained a short episode lasting from 1810 to 1813 when the military tide turned in favor of the Anglo-Prussian-led allies that overturned the Napoleonic order. Dalberg abdicated in favor of Eugène de Beauharnais, which of course was only a symbolic action, as the latter effectively never ruled after the ruin of the French armies and Frankfurt's takeover by the allies.

===Frankfurt as a fully sovereign state===
After Napoleon's final defeat and abdication, the [[Congress of Vienna]] (1814–1815) dissolved the grand-duchy and Frankfurt became a fully sovereign city-state with a republican form of government. Frankfurt entered the newly founded [[German Confederation]] (till 1866) as a free city, becoming the seat of its {{lang|de|Bundestag}}, the confederal parliament where the nominally presiding [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Emperor of Austria]] was represented by an Austrian "presidential envoy".

After the ill-fated [[German revolutions of 1848–1849|revolution of 1848]], Frankfurt was the seat of the first democratically elected German parliament, the [[Frankfurt Parliament]], which met in the {{lang|de|[[Frankfurter Paulskirche]]}} (St. Paul's Church) and was opened on 18 May 1848. In the year of its existence, the assembly developed a common constitution for a unified Germany, with the Prussian king as its monarch. The institution failed in 1849 when the [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] king, [[Frederick William IV of Prussia|Frederick William IV]], declared that he would not accept "a crown from the gutter".

===Frankfurt after the loss of sovereignty===
[[File:Courbet Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|''View of Frankfurt am Main'', including the [[Alte Brücke (Frankfurt)|Alte Brücke]] (Old Bridge), by [[Gustave Courbet]] (1858)]]
Frankfurt lost its independence following the [[Austro-Prussian War]] of 1866, when Prussia annexed several smaller states, including the [[Free City of Frankfurt]]. The city was subsequently incorporated into the Prussian province of [[Hesse-Nassau]]. The occupation and annexation were widely regarded in Frankfurt as a grave injustice, yet the city retained its distinctly Western European, urban, and cosmopolitan character. The formerly independent towns of [[Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bornheim]] and [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bockenheim]] were incorporated in 1890.

In 1914, the citizens founded the University of Frankfurt, later named [[Goethe University Frankfurt]]. This marked the only civic foundation of a university in Germany; today it is one of Germany's largest.

From 6 April to 17 May 1920, following military intervention to put down the [[Ruhr uprising]], [[French occupation of Frankfurt|Frankfurt was occupied by French troops]].<ref>[http://www.stadtgeschichte-ffm.de/service/chronik/chronik_5_2_e.html Chronology: Emergence of a Modern City 1866–1945] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085810/http://www.stadtgeschichte-ffm.de/service/chronik/chronik_5_2_e.html |date=19 July 2011 }}. Retrieved 10 June 2010.</ref> The French claimed that Articles 42 to 44 of the [[Treaty of Versailles (1919)|peace treaty of Versailles]] concerning the demilitarization of the [[Rhine Province|Rhineland]] had been broken.<ref>{{cite news |title=French march into Germany |date=7 April 1920 |work=The Times |page=10}} "The French commander issued a notice to the public informing them that the occupation was consequent upon the German advance in the Ruhr contrary to the Peace Treaty."</ref> In 1924, [[Ludwig Landmann]] became the first Jewish mayor of the city, and led a significant expansion during the following years. During the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi era]], the synagogues of the city were destroyed and the vast majority of the Jewish population fled or was killed.<ref name="frankfurt-tourismus.de">{{cite web |title=Jüdische Geschichte |url=https://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/Entdecken-und-Erleben/Sehenswertes/Juedisches-Frankfurt/Juedische-Geschichte |website=frankfurt-tourismus.de |access-date=17 September 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171238/https://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/Entdecken-und-Erleben/Sehenswertes/Juedisches-Frankfurt/Juedische-Geschichte |url-status=live }}</ref>

During [[World War II]], Frankfurt was the location of a Nazi prison for underage girls with several [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] camps,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1478|title=Frauenjugendgefängnis Frankfurt-Preungesheim|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=24 November 2023|language=de|archive-date=19 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819053746/https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1478|url-status=live}}</ref> a camp for [[Sinti]] and [[Romani people]] (see ''[[Romani Holocaust]]''),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1473|title=Lager für Sinti und Roma Frankfurt am Main|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=24 November 2023|language=de|archive-date=19 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819053659/https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1473|url-status=live}}</ref> the Dulag Luft West transit camp for [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] prisoners of war,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=129|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref> and a subcamp of the [[Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html|title=Anlage zu § 1. Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423004151/http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html|language=de|access-date=24 November 2023|archive-date=23 April 2009}}</ref>

Frankfurt was severely [[Bombing of Frankfurt am Main in World War II|bombed in World War II]] (1939–1945). About 5,500 residents were killed during the raids, and the once-famous [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|medieval city center]], by that time one of the largest in Germany, was almost completely destroyed. It became a [[Battle of Frankfurt|ground battlefield]] on 26 March 1945, when the Allied advance into Germany was forced to take the city in contested urban combat that included a river assault. The [[5th Infantry Division (United States)|5th Infantry Division]] and the [[6th Armored Division (United States)|6th Armored Division]] of the [[United States Army]] captured Frankfurt after several days of intense fighting, and it was declared largely secure on 29 March 1945.<ref>{{Cite book |title=World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946 |last=Stanton |first=Shelby |edition=2nd |year=2006 |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=9780811701570 |pages=57, 84}}</ref> Frankfurt consists to over 40% of buildings from before World War II, besides all destruction.<ref name="zensus2011.de">{{Cite web |url=https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 |title=Gebäude- und Wohnungsbestand in Deutschland |publisher=Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329165923/https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 |archive-date=29 March 2024}}</ref>

After the end of the war, Frankfurt became a part of the newly founded state of Hesse, consisting of the old [[People's State of Hesse|Hesse-(Darmstadt)]] and the [[Province of Kurhessen|Prussian Hesse]] provinces. The city was part of the [[Allied Occupation Zones in Germany#American Zone of Occupation|American Zone of Occupation]] of Germany. The Military Governor for the United States Zone (1945–1949) and the United States High Commissioner for Germany (HICOG) (1949–1952) had their headquarters in the [[IG Farben Building]], intentionally left undamaged by the Allies' wartime bombardment.

Frankfurt was the original choice for the provisional capital city of the newly founded state of [[West Germany]] in 1949. The city constructed a parliament building that was never used for its intended purpose (it housed the radio studios of [[Hessischer Rundfunk]]). In the end, [[Konrad Adenauer]], the first postwar [[Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)|Chancellor]], preferred the town of [[Bonn]], for the most part because it was close to his hometown, but also because many other prominent politicians opposed the choice of Frankfurt out of concern that Frankfurt would be accepted as the permanent capital, thereby weakening the West German population's support for a [[German reunification|reunification]] with [[East Germany]] and the eventual return of the capital to [[Berlin]].

Postwar reconstruction took place in a sometimes simple modern style, thus changing Frankfurt's architectural face. A few landmark buildings were reconstructed historically, albeit in a simplified manner (e.g., [[Römer]], [[St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt am Main|St. Paul's Church]], and [[Goethe House]]). The collection of historically significant [[Cairo Genizah]] documents of the Municipal Library was destroyed by the bombing. According to [[Arabist]] and Genizah scholar [[S.D. Goitein]], "not even handlists indicating its contents have survived."<ref>Goitein, S.D. ''A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Vol. I – Economic Foundations''. University of California Press, 2000, p. 5</ref>
{{multiple image
| align             = center
| caption_align     = center
| image1            = Frankfurt Nationalversammlung 1848.jpg
| width1            = 340
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = The Frankfurt Parliament at St. Paul's Church in 1848
| image2            = Frankfurt Am Main-Altstadt-Zerstoerung-Luftbild 1944.jpg
| width2            = 305
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = Aerial view of the cathedral in May 1945
| image3            = Frankfurt Am Main-Samstagsberg-20070607.jpg
| width3            = 365
| alt3              = 
| caption3          = Reconstruction (1981–1984) of six houses at the east side of the Römerberg which were destroyed in World War II
}}

The end of the war marked Frankfurt's comeback as Germany's leading financial hub, mainly because Berlin, now a city divided into [[History of Berlin#The divided city|four sectors]], could no longer rival it. In 1948, the Allies founded the [[Bank deutscher Länder]], the forerunner of {{lang|de|[[Deutsche Bundesbank]]|italic=no}}. Following this decision, more financial institutions were re-established, e.g. [[Deutsche Bank]] and [[Dresdner Bank]]. In the 1950s, Frankfurt Stock Exchange regained its position as the country's leading stock exchange.

Frankfurt also reemerged as Germany's transportation hub and [[Frankfurt Airport]] became Europe's second-busiest airport behind [[London Heathrow Airport]] in 1961.

During the 1970s, the city created one of Europe's most efficient underground transportation systems.<ref>{{cite web |title=Port of Frankfurt |url=http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/DEU_Port_of_Frankfurt_2769.php |website=World Port Source |access-date=29 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329121635/http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/DEU_Port_of_Frankfurt_2769.php |archive-date=29 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> That system includes a suburban rail system ([[Frankfurt S-Bahn|S-Bahn]]) linking outlying communities with the city center, and a deep underground light rail system with smaller coaches ([[Frankfurt U-Bahn|U-Bahn]]) also capable of travelling above ground on rails.

In 1998, the [[European Central Bank]] was founded in Frankfurt, followed by the [[European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority]] and [[European Systemic Risk Board]] in 2011.

==Geography==
[[File:Taunus - Deutsche Mittelgebirge, Serie A-de.png|thumb|Frankfurt on the mouth of the [[Nidda (river)|Nidda]] into the [[Main (river)|Main]], which flows into the [[Rhine]] between the [[Rhineland-Palatine]] capital of [[Mainz]] and the [[Hesse|Hessian]] (historically [[Nassau (region)|Nassauian]]) capital of [[Wiesbaden]]. Also visible the [[Taunus]] suburbs of the districts of [[Hochtaunuskreis|High Taunus]] and [[Main-Taunus-Kreis|Main-Taunus]], two of the wealthiest districts in Germany.]]
[[File:Frankfurt by Sentinel-2, 2020-07-23.jpg|thumb|Frankfurt as seen by the [[European Space Agency]]'s [[Sentinel-2|Sentinel-2A]]]]
[[File:Frankfurt am Main, Germany, March 25, 2018 SkySat.jpg|thumb|The central Innenstadt district, as seen by a [[SkySat]] satellite]]
Frankfurt is the largest city in the [[states of Germany|state]] of [[Hesse]] in the western part of Germany.

===Site===
Frankfurt is located on both sides of the river [[Main (river)|Main]], south-east of the [[Taunus]] mountain range. The southern part of the city contains the [[Frankfurt City Forest]], Germany's largest city forest. The city area is {{cvt|248.31|km²|2}} and extends over {{cvt|23.4|km|2}} east to west and {{cvt|23.3|km|2}} north to south. Its downtown is north of the river Main in [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] district (the historical center) and the surrounding [[Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Innenstadt]] district. The geographical center is in [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bockenheim]] district near [[Frankfurt West station]].

Frankfurt at the heart of the densely populated [[Frankfurt Rhine-Main|Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region]] with a population of 5.5&nbsp;million. Other important cities in the region are [[Wiesbaden]] (capital of [[Hesse]]), [[Mainz]] (capital of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]), [[Darmstadt]], [[Offenbach am Main]], [[Hanau]], [[Aschaffenburg]], [[Bad Homburg vor der Höhe]], [[Rüsselsheim]], [[Wetzlar]] and [[Marburg]].

===Districts===
[[File:Frankfurt Subdivisions boroughs.svg|thumb|The 46 ''Stadtteile'' (city districts) of central Frankfurt, 2010]]
The city is divided into 46 city districts (''Stadtteile''), which are in turn divided into 121 city boroughs (''Stadtbezirke'') and 448 electoral districts (''Wahlbezirke''). The 46 city districts combine into 16 area districts (''[[Ortsbezirk (Frankfurt am Main)|Ortsbezirke]]''), which each have a district committee and chairperson.

The largest city district by population and area is [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]], while the smallest is [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]], Frankfurt's historical center. Three larger city districts (Sachsenhausen, [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]] and [[Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)|Nordend]]) are divided for administrative purposes into a northern (''-Nord'') and a southern (''-Süd'') part, respectively a western (''-West'') and an eastern (''-Ost'') part, but are generally considered as one city district (which is why often only 43 city districts are mentioned, even on the city's official website).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=2835 |title=Stadtteile |publisher=Frankfurt.de |access-date=27 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014170007/http://frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=2835 |archive-date=14 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Some larger housing areas are often falsely called city districts, even by locals, like Nordweststadt (part of [[Niederursel (Frankfurt am Main)|Niederursel]], [[Heddernheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Heddernheim]] and [[Praunheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Praunheim]]), Goldstein (part of [[Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Schwanheim]]), Riedberg (part of [[Kalbach-Riedberg (Frankfurt am Main)|Kalbach-Riedberg]]) and [[Europaviertel]] (part of [[Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)|Gallus]]). The [[Bankenviertel]] (''banking district''), Frankfurt's financial district, is also not an administrative city district (it covers parts of the western [[Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Innenstadt]] district, the southern [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]] district and the eastern [[Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)|Bahnhofsviertel]] district).

Many city districts are incorporated suburbs (''[[Vororte]]'') or were previously independent cities, such as [[Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)|Höchst]]. Some like [[Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)|Nordend]] and [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]] arose during the rapid growth of the city in the [[Gründerzeit]] following the [[Unification of Germany]], while others were formed from territory which previously belonged to other city {{Not a typo|district(s)}}, such as [[Dornbusch (Frankfurt am Main)|Dornbusch]] and [[Riederwald (Frankfurt am Main)|Riederwald]].

===History of incorporations===
Until the year 1877 the city's territory consisted of the present-day inner-city districts of [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]], [[Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Innenstadt]], [[Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)|Bahnhofsviertel]], [[Gutleutviertel (Frankfurt am Main)|Gutleutviertel]], [[Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)|Gallus]], [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]], [[Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)|Nordend]], [[Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)|Ostend]] and [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]].

[[Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bornheim]] was part of an administrative district called ''Landkreis Frankfurt'', before becoming part of the city on 1 January 1877, followed by [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bockenheim]] on 1 April 1895. [[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]], [[Niederrad (Frankfurt am Main)|Niederrad]] and [[Oberrad (Frankfurt am Main)|Oberrad]] followed on 1 July 1900. The ''Landkreis Frankfurt'' was finally dispersed on 1 April 1910, and therefore [[Berkersheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Berkersheim]], [[Bonames (Frankfurt am Main)|Bonames]], [[Eckenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Eckenheim]], [[Eschersheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Eschersheim]], [[Ginnheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Ginnheim]], [[Hausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Hausen]], [[Heddernheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Heddernheim]], [[Niederursel (Frankfurt am Main)|Niederursel]], [[Praunheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Praunheim]], [[Preungesheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Preungesheim]] and [[Rödelheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Rödelheim]] joined the city. In the same year a new city district, [[Riederwald (Frankfurt am Main)|Riederwald]], was created on territory that had formerly belonged to Seckbach and Ostend.

On 1 April 1928 the City of [[Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)|Höchst]] became part of Frankfurt, as well as its city districts [[Sindlingen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sindlingen]], [[Unterliederbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Unterliederbach]] and [[Zeilsheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Zeilsheim]]. Simultaneously the ''Landkreis Höchst'' was dispersed with its member cities either joining Frankfurt ([[Fechenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Fechenheim]], [[Griesheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Griesheim]], [[Nied (Frankfurt am Main)|Nied]], [[Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Schwanheim]], [[Sossenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Sossenheim]]) or joining the newly established ''Landkreis'' of [[Main-Taunus-Kreis]].

[[Dornbusch (Frankfurt am Main)|Dornbusch]] became a city district in 1946. It was created on territory that had formerly belonged to Eckenheim and Ginnheim.

On 1 August 1972, Hesse's smaller suburbs of [[Harheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Harheim]], [[Kalbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Kalbach]], [[Nieder-Erlenbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Nieder-Erlenbach]], and [[Nieder-Eschbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Nieder-Eschbach]] became districts while other neighboring suburbs chose to join the Main-Taunus-Kreis, the [[Landkreis Offenbach]], the [[Kreis Groß-Gerau]], the [[Hochtaunuskreis]], the [[Main-Kinzig-Kreis]] or the [[Wetteraukreis]].

[[Bergen-Enkheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bergen-Enkheim]] was the last suburb to become part of Frankfurt on 1 January 1977.

[[Flughafen (Frankfurt am Main)|Flughafen]] became an official city district in 1979. It covers the area of Frankfurt Airport that had belonged to Sachsenhausen and the neighboring city of [[Mörfelden-Walldorf]].

Frankfurt's youngest city district is [[Frankfurter Berg]]. It was part of Bonames until 1996.

Kalbach was officially renamed [[Kalbach-Riedberg]] in 2006 because of the large residential housing development in the area known as Riedberg.

===Neighboring districts and cities===
[[File:Locator map of Planungsverband Ballungsraum Frankfurt Rhein-Main in Hesse.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Frankfurt urban area within [[Hesse]]]]

To the west Frankfurt borders the [[Districts of Germany|administrative district]] (''[[List of rural districts of Germany|Landkreis]]'') of [[Main-Taunus-Kreis]] with towns such as [[Hattersheim am Main]], [[Kriftel]], [[Hofheim am Taunus]], [[Kelkheim (Taunus)|Kelkheim]], [[Liederbach am Taunus]], [[Sulzbach (Taunus)|Sulzbach]], [[Schwalbach am Taunus]] and [[Eschborn]]; to the northwest the [[Hochtaunuskreis]] with [[Steinbach (Taunus)|Steinbach]], [[Oberursel (Taunus)]] and [[Bad Homburg vor der Höhe]]; to the north the [[Wetteraukreis]] with [[Karben]] and [[Bad Vilbel]]; to the northeast the [[Main-Kinzig-Kreis]] with [[Niederdorfelden]] and [[Maintal]]; to the southeast the city of [[Offenbach am Main]]; to the south the [[Offenbach (district)|Kreis Offenbach]] with [[Neu-Isenburg]] and to the southwest the [[Groß-Gerau (district)|Kreis Groß-Gerau]] with [[Mörfelden-Walldorf]], [[Rüsselsheim]] and [[Kelsterbach]].

Together with these towns (and some larger nearby towns, e.g., [[Hanau]], [[Rodgau]], [[Dreieich]], [[Langen, Hesse|Langen]]) Frankfurt forms a contiguous built-up urban area called ''Stadtregion Frankfurt'' which is not an official administrative district. The urban area had an estimated population of 2.3&nbsp;million in 2010, and is the [[List of urban areas in the European Union|13th-largest urban area in the EU]].

===Climate===
Frankfurt has a [[Temperateness|temperate]]-[[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb''). Its climate features cool winters with frequent rain showers and overcast skies, and warm to hot summers. The average annual temperature is {{cvt|11.4|°C|1}}, with monthly mean temperatures ranging from {{cvt|2.7|°C|1}} in January to {{cvt|20.8|°C|1}} in July. The city is one of the warmest of [[Germany]] in [[winter]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.climate-data.org/europe/germany/hesse/frankfurt-am-main-447|title=Data and graphs for weather & climate in Frankfurt am Main|website=Climate-Data.org|access-date=2025-03-18}}</ref>

The [[growing season]] is longer when compared to the rest of Germany, thus resulting in an early arrival of springtime in the region, with trees typically leafing out already toward the end of March.

Winters in Frankfurt are generally mild or at least not freezing with a small possibility of snow, especially in January and February but dark and often overcast. Frankfurt is, on average, covered with snow only for around 10 to 20 days per year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/schneevergleich-fuer-deutsche-staedte-so-viel-schneit-es-bei-ihnen-1.4348735 |title=Winter-Bilanz: Schnee-Vergleich für Deutsche Städte. |newspaper=Süddeutsche.de |date=28 February 2019 |publisher=sueddeutsche.de |access-date=18 January 2021 |last1=Zajonz |first1=Moritz |archive-date=19 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819053700/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/schneevergleich-fuer-deutsche-staedte-so-viel-schneit-es-bei-ihnen-1.4348735 |url-status=live }}</ref> The temperature falls below 0&nbsp;°C on about 64 days and the daily maximum stays below freezing for about 10 days on average per year.

Because of the mild climate in the region, there are some well-known wine regions in the vicinity such as [[Rhenish Hesse]], [[Rheingau]], [[Franconia (wine region)]] and [[Bergstraße (route)]]. There is also a microclimate on the northern bank of the river [[Main (river)|Main]] which allows [[Palm tree|palms]], [[fig trees]], [[lemon trees]] and southern European plants to grow in that area. The area is called the "[[Nizza, Frankfurt|Nizza]]" (the German word for the southern French town [[Nice]]) and is one of the biggest parks with Mediterranean vegetation north of the [[Alps]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://frankfurt.de/english/discover-and-experience/sightseeing/gardens/nizza |title=Nizza, Stadt Frankfurt am Main |publisher=frankfurt.de |access-date=18 January 2021 |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118202137/https://frankfurt.de/english/sightseeing/gardens/nizza}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Frankfurt Airport 1991–2020, extremes 1949–present
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 16.2
|Feb record high C = 19.1
|Mar record high C = 24.7
|Apr record high C = 30.3
|May record high C = 33.2
|Jun record high C = 39.3
|Jul record high C = 40.2
|Aug record high C = 38.7
|Sep record high C = 32.8
|Oct record high C = 28.0
|Nov record high C = 19.1
|Dec record high C = 16.3
|year record high C = 
|Jan avg record high C = 12.1
|Feb avg record high C = 13.8
|Mar avg record high C = 19.0
|Apr avg record high C = 24.8
|May avg record high C = 28.9
|Jun avg record high C = 32.5
|Jul avg record high C = 34.1
|Aug avg record high C = 33.5
|Sep avg record high C = 27.8
|Oct avg record high C = 22.0
|Nov avg record high C = 16.6
|Dec avg record high C = 12.5
|year avg record high C = 35.6
|Jan high C = 4.9
|Feb high C = 6.6
|Mar high C = 11.4
|Apr high C = 16.5
|May high C = 20.4
|Jun high C = 23.9
|Jul high C = 26.1
|Aug high C = 25.7
|Sep high C = 20.8
|Oct high C = 14.8
|Nov high C = 8.9
|Dec high C = 5.5
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 2.7
|Feb mean C = 3.5
|Mar mean C = 7.2
|Apr mean C = 11.5
|May mean C = 15.5
|Jun mean C = 18.9
|Jul mean C = 20.8
|Aug mean C = 20.5
|Sep mean C = 15.7
|Oct mean C = 10.8
|Nov mean C = 6.5
|Dec mean C = 3.4
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = -0.5
|Feb low C = -0.4
|Mar low C = 2.2
|Apr low C = 5.4
|May low C = 9.3
|Jun low C = 12.8
|Jul low C = 14.8
|Aug low C = 14.4
|Sep low C = 10.6
|Oct low C = 6.7
|Nov low C = 3.2
|Dec low C = 0.4
|year low C = 7.0
|Jan avg record low C = -9.1
|Feb avg record low C = -7.2
|Mar avg record low C = -4.2
|Apr avg record low C = -1.4
|May avg record low C = 2.2
|Jun avg record low C = 7.0
|Jul avg record low C = 9.5
|Aug avg record low C = 8.7
|Sep avg record low C = 5.1
|Oct avg record low C = -0.1
|Nov avg record low C = -3.2
|Dec avg record low C = -7.7
|year avg record low C = -11.2
|Jan record low C = -21.6
|Feb record low C = -19.6
|Mar record low C = -13.0
|Apr record low C = -7.1
|May record low C = -2.8
|Jun record low C = 0.1
|Jul record low C = 2.8
|Aug record low C = 2.5
|Sep record low C = -0.3
|Oct record low C = -6.3
|Nov record low C = -11.5
|Dec record low C = -17.0
|year record low C = 
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 44.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 38.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 38.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 36.6
|May precipitation mm = 60.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 55.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 63.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 61.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 47.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 50.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 47.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 54.5
|year precipitation mm = 
<!-- Snowfall values which may not be reliable
| Jan snow cm  = 29
| Feb snow cm  = 15.1
| Mar snow cm  = 5.5
| Apr snow cm  = 0.1
| May snow cm  = 0.0
| Jun snow cm  = 0.0
| Jul snow cm  = 0.0
| Aug snow cm  = 0.0
| Sep snow cm  = 0.0
| Oct snow cm  = 0.0
| Nov snow cm  = 2.1
| Dec snow cm  = 18.2
| year snow cm = 70
-->
| unit precipitation days =  0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days  =15.2
| Feb precipitation days  =13.5
| Mar precipitation days  =13.5
| Apr precipitation days  =12.3
| May precipitation days  =13.5
| Jun precipitation days  =12.3
| Jul precipitation days  =13.9
| Aug precipitation days  =12.8
| Sep precipitation days  =11.6
| Oct precipitation days  =14.2
| Nov precipitation days  =15
| Dec precipitation days  =16.4
| year precipitation days =
| unit snow days = 1.0 cm
| Jan snow days  =4.9
| Feb snow days  =3.3
| Mar snow days  =1
| Apr snow days  =0.1
| May snow days  =0
| Jun snow days  =0
| Jul snow days  =0
| Aug snow days  =0
| Sep snow days  =0
| Oct snow days  =0
| Nov snow days  =0.6
| Dec snow days  =3.3
| year snow days =
|Jan sun = 52
|Feb sun = 79
|Mar sun = 136
|Apr sun = 192
|May sun = 219
|Jun sun = 227
|Jul sun = 235
|Aug sun = 225
|Sep sun = 165
|Oct sun = 104
|Nov sun = 51
|Dec sun = 40
|year sun = 
|source 1 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/ |website=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] |language=de |access-date=21 June 2023 |title=Index of /Climate_environment/CDC/ |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531092708/https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|source 2 = [[NCEI]] (daily max and min, precipitation days and snow days),<ref name=NCEI>{{cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/FrankfurtMain_10637.csv |format=CSV |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Frankfurt Main |publisher=[[NOAA|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=22 April 2024 |archive-date=19 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819053658/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/FrankfurtMain_10637.csv |url-status=live }}</ref> Infoclimat<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/francfort/valeurs/10637.html|title=Climatologie de l'année à Francfort|publisher=Infoclimat|language=fr|access-date=17 October 2023|archive-date=19 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019145512/https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/francfort/valeurs/10637.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}


{|style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Frankfurt
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border-left-width:medium"|Year
|-
!Mean No. of days with Maximum temperature => {{Convert|30.0|C|F|abbr=on}}
|style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFCCCC;color:#000000;"|0.5
|style="background:#FFC0C0;color:#000000;"|3.3
|style="background:#FF8080;color:#000000;"|6.5
|style="background:#FF9999;color:#000000;"|5.4
|style="background:#FFCCCC;color:#000000;"|0.7
|style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFCCCC;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|16.4
|-
!Mean No. of days with Minimum temperature <= {{Convert|0.0|C|F|abbr=on}}
|style="background:#0080FF;color:#ffffff;"|15.8
|style="background:#0080FF;color:#ffffff;"|15
|style="background:#66B2FF;color:#000000;"|8.8
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|2.9
|style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;"|0.1
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#CCE5FF;color:#000000;"|1.7
|style="background:#80C0FF;color:#000000;"|6.2
|style="background:#3399FF;color:#000000;"|13.6
|style="background:#99CCFF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|64.1
|-
!Mean No. of days with Maximum temperature <= {{Convert|0.0|C|F|abbr=on}}
|style="background:#CCFFFF;color:#000000;"|4.6
|style="background:#E0FFFF;color:#000000;"|2.2
|style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;"|0.1
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;"|0.4
|style="background:#E0FFFF;color:#000000;"|3
|style="background:#E5FFFF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|10.3
|-
!Mean No. of days with snow depth => {{Convert|1|cm|in|abbr=on}}
|style="background:#C0FFFF;color:#000000;"|4.9
|style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;"|3.3
|style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;"|1.1
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0.1
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;"|0.6
|style="background:#CCFFFF;color:#000000;"|3.3
|style="background:#CCFFFF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|13.3
|-
!Mean number of days with [[thunder]]
|style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;"|0.2
|style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;"|0.4
|style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;"|0.7
|style="background:#E0FFE0;color:#000000;"|2.1
|style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;"|4.5
|style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;"|5.3
|style="background:#C0FFC0;color:#000000;"|6.2
|style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;"|5.5
|style="background:#E0FFE0;color:#000000;"|1.6
|style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;"|0.6
|style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;"|0.3
|style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;"|0.1
|style="background:#E0FFE0;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|27.5
|-
!Mean number of days with [[hail]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;"|0.1
|style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;"|0.1
|style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;"|0.2
|style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;"|0.2
|style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;"|0.1
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|0.8
|-
!Mean number of days with [[fog]]
|style="background:#E0E0E0;color:#000000;"|3
|style="background:#E0E0E0;color:#000000;"|2.5
|style="background:#E5E5E5;color:#000000;"|1.1
|style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000;"|0.4
|style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000;"|0.5
|style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000;"|0.5
|style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000;"|0.3
|style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000;"|0.5
|style="background:#E5E5E5;color:#000000;"|1.1
|style="background:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;"|4.4
|style="background:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;"|4.2
|style="background:#E0E0E0;color:#000000;"|3.9
|style="background:#E0E0E0;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|32.2
|-
!Number of days with no sunshine
|style="background:#606060;color:#FFFFFF;"|19.9
|style="background:#808080;color:#FFFFFF;"|15.4
|style="background:#808080;color:#FFFFFF;"|14.1
|style="background:#B2B2B2;color:#000000;"|9.9
|style="background:#A0A0A0;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#B2B2B2;color:#000000;"|8.8
|style="background:#B2B2B2;color:#000000;"|9.3
|style="background:#C0C0C0;color:#000000;"|7.7
|style="background:#A0A0A0;color:#000000;"|11.1
|style="background:#808080;color:#FFFFFF;"|15
|style="background:#606060;color:#FFFFFF;"|19.2
|style="background:#4C4C4C;color:#FFFFFF;"|21.7
|style="background:#808080;color:#FFFFFF;border-left-width:medium"|163.1
|-
!Mean daily daylight hours
|style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000;"|9.0
|style="background:#F0F011;color:#000000;"|10.0
|style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;"|12.0
|style="background:#FFFF55;color:#000000;"|14.0
|style="background:#FFFF66;color:#000000;"|15.0
|style="background:#FFFF77;color:#000000;"|16.0
|style="background:#FFFF77;color:#000000;"|16.0
|style="background:#FFFF55;color:#000000;"|14.0
|style="background:#FFFF44;color:#000000;"|13.0
|style="background:#F7F722;color:#000000;"|11.0
|style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000;"|9.0
|style="background:#E2E200;color:#000000;"|8.0
|style="background:#FFFF37;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|12.3
|-
!Average [[Ultraviolet index]]
|style="background:#289500;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#289500;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;"|3
|style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;"|4
|style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;"|6
|style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;"|7
|style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;"|7
|style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;"|6
|style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;"|5
|style="background:#289500;color:#000000;"|3
|style="background:#289500;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#289500;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|3.5
|-
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;"|Source 1: [[NOAA]]<ref name=NCEI/>
|-
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;"|Source 2: Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/frankfurt-climate |title=Frankfurt, Germany – Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415202640/http://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/frankfurt-climate |archive-date=15 April 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Demographics==

===Population===
{{historical populations|1387|9600|1520|10000|1750|32000|1871|91040|1895|229279|1905|334978|1925|467520|1933|555857|1939|553464|1945|357737|1950|532037|1961|685682|1970|669635|1980|629375|1985|595348|1990|644865|1995|650055|2001|641076|2011|667925|2022|743268|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right;"
|+Largest groups of foreign residents<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Frankfurt am Main 2017 |url=https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/Statistisches%20Jahrbuch%202017.pdf |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620102131/https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/Statistisches%20Jahrbuch%202017.pdf |archive-date=20 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!scope="col" | Nationality 
!scope="col" | Population (30 June 2022)
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Turkey}}
|25,294
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Croatia}}
|16,751
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Italy}}
|15,120
|-
!scope="row"| {{flag|Poland}}
| 12,174
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Romania}}
| 10,451
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Ukraine}}
| 9,748
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Serbia}}
| 9,404
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Bulgaria}}
| 8,509
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|India}}
| 7,612
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Morocco}}
| 7,364
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Spain}}
| 7,133
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Greece}}
| 6,581
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
| 6,342
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Afghanistan}}
| 5,114
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|France}}
| 4,719
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|China}}
| 4,632
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Algeria}}
| 4,087
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Portugal}}
| 3,991
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Japan}}
| 3,653
|-
!scope="row" | {{flag|Eritrea}}
| 3,374
|}

With a population of 763,380 (2019) within its administrative boundaries<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frankfurt am Main – Einwohnerzahl bis 2019 |url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/322491/umfrage/entwicklung-der-gesamtbevoelkerung-in-frankfurt-am-main/ |access-date=3 May 2021 |website=Statista |language=de |archive-date=1 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001122040/https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/322491/umfrage/entwicklung-der-gesamtbevoelkerung-in-frankfurt-am-main/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and of 2,300,000 in the actual [[List of urban areas of the European Union|urban area]],<ref name="European Union">{{cite web |title=European Union: State of European Cities Report |url=http://www.staedtestatistik.de/fileadmin/urban-audit/pdf/EU_stateofcities_2007.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085823/http://www.staedtestatistik.de/fileadmin/urban-audit/pdf/EU_stateofcities_2007.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=2 January 2010}} Retrieved 22 April 2014</ref> Frankfurt is the [[List of cities in Germany by population|fifth-largest city in Germany]], after [[Berlin]], Hamburg, [[Munich]] and [[Cologne]]. Central Frankfurt has been a ''[[Großstadt]]'' (a city with at least 100,000 residents by definition) since 1875. With 414,576 residents in 1910, it was the ninth largest city in Germany and the number of inhabitants grew to 553,464 before [[World War II]]. After the war, at the end of the year 1945, the number had dropped to 358,000. In the following years, the population grew again and reached an all-time-high of 691,257 in 1963. It dropped again to 592,411 in 1986 but has increased since then. According to the demographic forecasts for central Frankfurt, the city will have a population up to 813,000 within its administrative boundaries in 2035<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prognose: Frankfurt gewinnt weiter viele Einwohner |url=https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fnews%2F2020-11%2F20%2Fprognose-frankfurt-gewinnt-weiter-viele-einwohner |access-date=3 May 2021 |website=ZEIT Online |archive-date=20 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120121538/https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fnews%2F2020-11%2F20%2Fprognose-frankfurt-gewinnt-weiter-viele-einwohner |url-status=live }}</ref> and more than 2.5 million inhabitants in its urban area.

As of 2015, Frankfurt had 1909 [[ultra high-net-worth individual]]s, the sixth-highest number of any city in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Florida |first=Richard |date=10 March 2015 |title=Mapping the Global Super-Rich |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-10/maps-of-where-the-global-super-rich-live |url-status=live |access-date=22 January 2022 |website=www.bloomberg.com |archive-date=22 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122193119/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-10/maps-of-where-the-global-super-rich-live }}</ref> It is also the world's [[Cities by total wealth|14th-richest city by total wealth]], as of 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhiraj |first=Prof Dr Amarendra Bhushan |date=12 February 2018 |title=World's 15 Richest Cities In 2017: New York, London, And Tokyo, Tops List |url=https://ceoworld.biz/2018/02/12/worlds-15-richest-cities-in-2017-new-york-london-and-tokyo-tops-list/ |access-date=6 December 2023 |website=CEOWORLD magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110200225/https://ceoworld.biz/2018/02/12/worlds-15-richest-cities-in-2017-new-york-london-and-tokyo-tops-list/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the 1970s, the state government of [[Hesse]] wanted to expand the city's administrative boundaries to include the entire urban area. This would have made Frankfurt officially the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin with up to 3 million inhabitants.<ref>H. Voit, Die kommunale Gebietsreform in: Erwin Stein (Hrsg.): 30 Jahre Hessische Verfassung, Wiesbaden 1976, p. 416 ff. (Text in German)</ref> However, because local authorities did not agree, the administrative territory is still much smaller than its actual urban area.

===Moroccan community===
Frankfurt has the largest Moroccan community in Germany, numbering about 8,000 people, and the [[Frankfurt Rhine-Main|Rhine-Main area]] has about 20,000. Many [[Moroccans]] came as guest workers in the 1970s. Today Frankfurt has many Moroccan restaurants, companies, shops, mosques and hamams. Due to the popularity of Moroccan culture in Frankfurt, it also led many people from the [[Maghreb]] and other African countries to move to Frankfurt. Famous singer [[Namika]] was born in Frankfurt to Moroccan parents.

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Population of the 46 city districts on 31 December 2009
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! No.<br />!! City district (''Stadtteil'')<br />!! Area in km<sup>2</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/JB2009_Kap07x.pdf |title=''Statistisches Jahrbuch Frankfurt am Main 2009'' |access-date=26 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114102620/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/JB2009_Kap07x.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />!! Population<ref name="Statistisches Jahrbuch Frankfurt am Main 2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/JB2010_Kap02x.pdf |title=''Statistisches Jahrbuch Frankfurt am Main 2010'' |access-date=26 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114095545/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/JB2010_Kap02x.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />!! Foreign nationals<ref name="Statistisches Jahrbuch Frankfurt am Main 2010"/><br />!! Foreign nationals in %<ref name="Statistisches Jahrbuch Frankfurt am Main 2010"/><br />!! Area district (''Ortsbezirk'')
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{0}}1 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] || 0.51 || 3.475 || 1.122 || 32.3 || style="text-align:left;"| 01 – Innenstadt I
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{0}}2 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Innenstadt]] || 1.52 || 6.577 || 2.529 || 38.5 || style="text-align:left;"| 01 – Innenstadt I
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{0}}3 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)|Bahnhofsviertel]] || 0.53 || 2.125 || 810 || 38.1 || style="text-align:left;"| 01 – Innenstadt I
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{0}}4 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend-Süd]] || 2.47 || 17.288 || 3.445 || 19.9 || style="text-align:left;"| 02 – Innenstadt II
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{0}}5 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend-Nord]] || 1.67 || 8.854 || 2.184 || 24.7 || style="text-align:left;"| 02 – Innenstadt II
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{0}}6 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)|Nordend-West]] || 3.07 || 28.808 || 5.162 || 17.9 || style="text-align:left;"| 03 – Innenstadt III
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{0}}7 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)|Nordend-Ost]] || 1.69 || 26.619 || 5.580 || 21.0 || style="text-align:left;"| 03 – Innenstadt III
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{0}}8 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)|Ostend]] || 5.40 || 26.955 || 7.213 || 26.8 || style="text-align:left;"| 04 – Bornheim/Ostend
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{0}}9 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bornheim]] || 2.66 || 27.184 || 6.240 || 23.0 || style="text-align:left;"| 04 – Bornheim/Ostend
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 10 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Gutleutviertel (Frankfurt am Main)|Gutleutviertel]] || 2.20 || 5.843 || 1.953 || 33.4 || style="text-align:left;"| 01 – Innenstadt I
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 11 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)|Gallus]] || 4.22 || 26.716 || 11.012 || 41.2 || style="text-align:left;"| 01 – Innenstadt I
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 12 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bockenheim]] || 8.04 || 34.740 || 9.034 || 26.0 || style="text-align:left;"| 02 – Innenstadt II
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 13 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen-Nord]] || 4.24 || 30.374 || 6.507 || 21.4 || style="text-align:left;"| 05 – Süd
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 14 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen-Süd]] || 34.91 || 26.114 || 4.847 || 18.6 || style="text-align:left;"| 05 – Süd
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 15 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Flughafen (Frankfurt am Main)|Flughafen]] || 20.00 || 211 || 14 || 6.6 || style="text-align:left;"| 05 – Süd
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 16 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Oberrad (Frankfurt am Main)|Oberrad]] || 2.74 || 12.828 || 3.113 || 24.3 || style="text-align:left;"| 05 – Süd
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 17 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Niederrad (Frankfurt am Main)|Niederrad]] || 2.93 || 22.954 || 6.569 || 28.6 || style="text-align:left;"| 05 – Süd
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 18 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Schwanheim]] || 17.73 || 20.162 || 3.532 || 17.5 || style="text-align:left;"| 06 – West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 19 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Griesheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Griesheim]] || 4.90 || 22.648 || 8.029 || 35.5 || style="text-align:left;"| 06 – West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 20 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Rödelheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Rödelheim]] || 5.15 || 17.841 || 4.863 || 27.3 || style="text-align:left;"| 07 – Mitte-West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 21 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Hausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Hausen]] || 1.26 || 7.178 || 2.135 || 29.7 || style="text-align:left;"| 07 – Mitte-West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 22/23 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Praunheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Praunheim]] || 4.55 || 15.761 || 3.197 || 20.3 || style="text-align:left;"| 07 – Mitte-West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 24 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Heddernheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Heddernheim]] || 2.49 || 16.443 || 3.194 || 19.4 || style="text-align:left;"| 08 – Nord-West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 25 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Niederursel (Frankfurt am Main)|Niederursel]] || 7.22 || 16.394 || 3.671 || 22.4 || style="text-align:left;"| 08 – Nord-West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 26 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Ginnheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Ginnheim]] || 2.73 || 16.444 || 4.024 || 24.5 || style="text-align:left;"| 09 – Mitte-Nord
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 27 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Dornbusch (Frankfurt am Main)|Dornbusch]] || 2.38 || 18.511 || 3.482 || 18.8 || style="text-align:left;"| 09 – Mitte-Nord
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 28 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Eschersheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Eschersheim]] || 3.34 || 14.808 || 2.657 || 17.9 || style="text-align:left;"| 09 – Mitte-Nord
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 29 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Eckenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Eckenheim]] || 2.23 || 14.277 || 3.674 || 25.7 || style="text-align:left;"| 10 – Nord-Ost
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 30 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Preungesheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Preungesheim]] || 3.74 || 13.568 || 3.442 || 25.4 || style="text-align:left;"| 10 – Nord-Ost
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 31 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Bonames (Frankfurt am Main)|Bonames]] || 1.24 || 6.362 || 1.288 || 20.2 || style="text-align:left;"| 10 – Nord-Ost
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 32 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Berkersheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Berkersheim]] || 3.18 || 3.400 || 592 || 17.4 || style="text-align:left;"| 10 – Nord-Ost
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 33 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Riederwald (Frankfurt am Main)|Riederwald]] || 1.04 || 4.911 || 1.142 || 23.3 || style="text-align:left;"| 11 – Ost
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 34 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]] || 8.04 || 10.194 || 1.969 || 19.3 || style="text-align:left;"| 11 – Ost
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 35 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Fechenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Fechenheim]] || 7.18 || 16.061 || 5.635 || 35.1 || style="text-align:left;"| 11 – Ost
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 36 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)|Höchst]] || 4.73 || 13.888 || 5.279 || 38.0 || style="text-align:left;"| 06 – West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 37 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Nied (Frankfurt am Main)|Nied]] || 3.82 || 17.829 || 5.224 || 29.3 || style="text-align:left;"| 06 – West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 38 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Sindlingen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sindlingen]] || 3.98 || 9.032 || 2.076 || 23.0 || style="text-align:left;"| 06 – West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 39 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Zeilsheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Zeilsheim]] || 5.47 || 11.984 || 2.555 || 21.3 || style="text-align:left;"| 06 – West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 40 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Unterliederbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Unterliederbach]] || 5.85 || 14.350 || 3.511 || 24.5 || style="text-align:left;"| 06 – West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 41 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Sossenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Sossenheim]] || 5.97 || 15.853 || 4.235 || 26.7 || style="text-align:left;"| 06 – West
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 42 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Nieder-Erlenbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Nieder-Erlenbach]] || 8.34 || 4.629 || 496 || 10.7 || style="text-align:left;"| 13 – Nieder-Erlenbach
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 43 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Kalbach-Riedberg (Frankfurt am Main)|Kalbach-Riedberg]] || 6.90 || 8.482 || 1.279 || 15.1 || style="text-align:left;"| 12 – Kalbach-Riedberg
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 44 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Harheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Harheim]] || 5.02 || 4.294 || 446 || 10.4 || style="text-align:left;"| 14 – Harheim
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 45 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Nieder-Eschbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Nieder-Eschbach]] || 6.35 || 11.499 || 1.978 || 17.2 || style="text-align:left;"| 15 – Nieder-Eschbach
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 46 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Bergen-Enkheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bergen-Enkheim]] || 12.54 || 17.954 || 2.764 || 15.4 || style="text-align:left;"| 16 – Bergen-Enkheim
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 47 || style="text-align:left;"| [[Frankfurter Berg (Frankfurt am Main)|Frankfurter Berg]] || 2.16 || 7.149 || 1.715 || 24.0 || style="text-align:left;"| 10 – Nord-Ost
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | || style="text-align:left;" | '''Frankfurt am Main''' || '''248.33''' || '''679.571''' || '''165.418''' || '''24.3'''
|}

===Immigration and foreign nationals===
According to data from the city [[Resident registration#Germany|register of residents]], 51.2% of the population had a ''migration background'' as of 2015, which means that a person or at least one of their parents was born with foreign citizenship. For the first time, a majority of the city residents had an at least part non-German background.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mehr als die Hälfte mit ausländischen Wurzeln|language=de|work=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/warum-der-auslaenderanteil-in-frankfurt-am-main-so-hoch-ist-15078140.html|issn=0174-4909|date=26 June 2017|archive-date=7 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107134323/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/warum-der-auslaenderanteil-in-frankfurt-am-main-so-hoch-ist-15078140.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Moreover, three of four children in the city under the age of six had full or partial immigrant backgrounds,<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 June 2017|title=Einwanderer stellen in Frankfurt die Mehrheit|url=https://jungefreiheit.de/politik/deutschland/2017/einwanderer-stellen-in-frankfurt-die-mehrheit/|access-date=7 January 2023|language=de-DE|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630103400/https://jungefreiheit.de/politik/deutschland/2017/einwanderer-stellen-in-frankfurt-die-mehrheit/|url-status=live}}</ref> and 27.7% of residents had a foreign citizenship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Migration und Integration|url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/_inhalt.html|access-date=7 January 2023|website=Statistisches Bundesamt|language=de|archive-date=6 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406211101/https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/_inhalt.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to statistics, 46.7% of immigrants in Frankfurt come from other countries in the EU; 24.5% come from European countries that are not part of the EU; 15.7% come from Asia (including Western Asia and South Asia); 7.3% come from Africa; 3.4% come from North America (including the [[Caribbean]] and Central America); 0.2% come from [[Australia (continent)|Australia]] and [[New Zealand]]; 2.3% come from South America; and 1.1% come from Pacific island nations. Because of this the city is often considered to be a multicultural city, and has been compared to [[New York City]] and [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Celia |title=Statista |url=https://doi.org/10.5260/cca.199318 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=CC Advisor|doi=10.5260/cca.199318 |doi-broken-date=12 May 2025 }}</ref>

===Religion===
Frankfurt was historically a [[Protestant]]-dominated city. However, during the 19th century, an increasing number of [[Roman Catholicism in Germany|Catholics]] moved to Frankfurt. {{As of|2013}}, the largest Christian denominations were Catholicism (22.7% of the population) and Protestantism, especially Lutheranism (19.4%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/J2014K02x.pdf |title=Frankfurter Statistisches Jahrbuch 2014, Kapitel 2: Bevölkerung |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521061911/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/J2014K02x.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{main|Jewish community of Frankfurt am Main}}
The Jewish community has a history dating back to medieval times and has always ranked among the largest in Germany. Over 7,200 inhabitants are affiliated with the Jewish community, making it the third largest in Germany after [[Berlin]] and [[Munich]].<ref name="frankfurt-tourismus.de" /> Frankfurt has four active synagogues.<ref name="Jewish Community Frankfurt am Main">{{Cite web |title=Synagogues |website=Jewish Community Frankfurt am Main |url=https://jg-ffm.de/en/religious-life/synagogues |access-date=22 October 2022 |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006075118/https://jg-ffm.de/en/religious-life/synagogues |url-status=live }}</ref>

Due to the growing immigration of people from Muslim countries beginning in the 1960s, Frankfurt has a large Muslim community, estimated at 12% in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/muslime_ergebnisse_einer_schaetzung_fsb2007_4.pdf |title=Muslime in Frankfurt am Main – Ergebnisse einer Schätzung |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122035/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/muslime_ergebnisse_einer_schaetzung_fsb2007_4.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 
According to calculations based on census data for 21 countries of origin, the number of Muslim migrants in Frankfurt amounted to about 84,000 in 2011, making up 12.6% of the population.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kartenseite.wordpress.com/2017/04/05/muslime-in-deutschland-landkreise/ |title=Kartenseite: Muslime in Deutschland 2011 – Landkreise – Karte |date=5 April 2017 |format=PDF |access-date=5 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427103102/https://kartenseite.wordpress.com/2017/04/05/muslime-in-deutschland-landkreise/ |archive-date=27 April 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The most prevalent countries of origin were [[Turkey]] and [[Morocco]]. The Ahmadiyya Noor Mosque, constructed in 1959, is the city's largest mosque and the third largest in Germany. In 2020, the number of Muslims in Frankfurt's total population was estimated at 18%.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://rp-online.de/panorama/religion/frankfurt-die-muslime-sind-bald-die-groesste-glaubensgemeinschaft_aid-110802199 | title=Glaubensgemeinschaften: Frankfurt – die Hauptstadt der Muslime | date=21 April 2024 | access-date=6 August 2024 | archive-date=19 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819053701/https://rp-online.de/info/consent/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Government and politics==
=== Mayor ===
{{main|Mayor of Frankfurt}}
[[File:2023 Frankfurt am Main mayoral election (2nd round).svg|thumb|250px|Results of the second round of the 2023 mayoral election]]
The current mayor is Mike Josef of the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]], who took the office on 11 May 2023.

The most recent mayoral election was held on 5 March 2023, with a runoff held on 26 March, and the results were as follows:
{{election table}}
! rowspan=2 colspan=2| Candidate
! rowspan=2| Party
! colspan=2| First round
! colspan=2| Second round
|-
! Votes
! %
! Votes
! %
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| 
| align=left| Uwe Becker
| align=left| [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]]
| '''70,411'''
| '''34.5'''
| 86,307
| 48.3
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| 
| align=left| Mike Josef
| align=left| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]]
| 49,033
| 24.0
| '''92,371'''
| '''51.7'''
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| 
| align=left| [[Manuela Rottmann]]
| align=left| [[Alliance 90/The Greens]]
| 43,502
| 21.3
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Independent politician}}| 
| align=left| Peter Wirth
| align=left| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| 10,397
| 5.1
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|The Left (Germany)}}| 
| align=left| Daniela Mehler-Würzbach
| align=left| [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]]
| 7,356
| 3.6
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Independent politician}}| 
| align=left| Maja Wolff
| align=left| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| 6,014
| 2.9
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}| 
| align=left| Yanki Pürsün
| align=left| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]]
| 5,768
| 2.8
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alternative for Germany}}| 
| align=left| Andreas Lobenstein
| align=left| [[Alternative for Germany]]
| 4,628
| 2.3
|-
| bgcolor=#FF8E57| 
| align=left| Mathias Pfeiffer
| align=left| Citizens for Frankfurt
| 1,565
| 0.8
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Die PARTEI}}| 
| align=left| Katharina Tanczos
| align=left| [[Die PARTEI]]
| 1,176
| 0.6
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Team Todenhöfer}}| 
| align=left| Khurrem Akhtar
| align=left| [[Team Todenhöfer]]
| 858
| 0.4
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany}}| 
| align=left| Frank Großenbach
| align=left| [[Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany|dieBasis]]
| 744
| 0.4
|-
| 
| align=left| Tilo Schwichtenberg
| align=left| Garden Party Frankfurt am Main
| 661
| 0.3
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Independent politician}}| 
| align=left| Sven Junghans
| align=left| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| 574
| 0.3
|-
| 
| align=left| Yamòs Camara
| align=left| Free Party Frankfurt
| 487
| 0.2
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Independent politician}}| 
| align=left| Niklas Pauli
| align=left| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| 340
| 0.2
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Independent politician}}| 
| align=left| Peter Pawelski
| align=left| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| 325
| 0.2
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Independent politician}}| 
| align=left| Feng Xu
| align=left| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| 199
| 0.1
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Independent politician}}| 
| align=left| Karl-Maria Schulte
| align=left| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| 158
| 0.1
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Independent politician}}| 
| align=left| Markus Eulig
| align=left| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| 102
| 0.0
|-
! colspan=3| Valid votes
! 204,298
! 99.6
! 178,678
! 99.0
|-
! colspan=3| Invalid votes
! 921
! 0.4
! 1,754
! 1.0
|-
! colspan=3| Total
! 205,219
! 100.0
! 180,432
! 100.0
|-
! colspan=3| Electorate/voter turnout
! 508,510
! 40.4
! 510,336
! 35.4
|-
| colspan=7| Source: [https://frankfurt.de/service-und-rathaus/zahlen-daten-fakten/publikationen/wahlanalysen/obwahlen City of Frankfurt am Main] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427214215/https://frankfurt.de/service-und-rathaus/zahlen-daten-fakten/publikationen/wahlanalysen/obwahlen |date=27 April 2021 }}
|}

=== City council ===
[[File:2021 Frankfurt am Main City Council election.svg|thumb|250px|Results of the 2021 city council election]]
The Frankfurt am Main city council (''Stadtverordnetenversammlung'') governs the city alongside the mayor. It is located in the city's medieval town hall, Römer, which is also used for representative and official purposes. The most recent city council election was held on 14 March 2021, and the results were as follows:
{{election table}}
! colspan=2| Party
! Lead candidate
! Votes
! %
! +/-
! Seats
! +/-
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| 
| align=left| [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] (Grüne)
| align=left| Martina Feldmayer
| 4,894,339
| 24.6
| {{increase}} 9.3
| 23
| {{increase}} 9
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU)
| align=left| Nils Kößler
| 4,361,942
| 21.9
| {{decrease}} 2.2
| 20
| {{decrease}} 2
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD)
| align=left| Mike Josef
| 3,385,017
| 17.0
| {{decrease}} 6.8
| 16
| {{decrease}} 6
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|The Left (Germany)}}| 
| align=left| [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]] ({{lang|de|Die Linke}})
| align=left| Dominike Pauli
| 1,572,333
| 7.9
| {{decrease}} 0.1
| 7
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}| 
| align=left| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] (FDP)
| align=left| Annette Rinn
| 1,515,646
| 7.6
| {{increase}} 0.1
| 7
| ±0
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alternative for Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Alternative for Germany]] (AfD)
| align=left| Patrick Schenk
| 902,412
| 4.5
| {{decrease}} 4.4
| 4
| {{decrease}} 4
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Volt Europa}}| 
| align=left| [[Volt Europa#Germany|Volt Germany]] (Volt)
| align=left| Eileen O'Sullivan
| 745,418
| 3.7
| New
| 4
| New
|-
| bgcolor=#FF8E57| 
| align=left| Citizens for Frankfurt (BFF)
| align=left| Mathias Mund
| 395,905
| 2.0
| {{decrease}} 0.7
| 2
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| bgcolor=#93A7BB| 
| align=left| Ecological Left – Anti-Racist List (ÖkoLinX-ARL)
| align=left| Jutta Ditfurth
| 359,304
| 1.8
| {{decrease}} 0.3
| 2
| ±0
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Die PARTEI}}| 
| align=left| [[Die PARTEI]] (PARTEI)
| align=left| Nico Wehnemann
| 361,932
| 1.8
| {{increase}} 0.4
| 2
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| bgcolor=#484EAB| 
| align=left| Europe List for Frankfurt (ELF)
| align=left| Luigi Brillante
| 265,914
| 1.3
| {{increase}} 0.1
| 1
| ±0
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Free Voters}}| 
| align=left| [[Free Voters]] (FW)
| align=left| Eric Pärisch
| 162,122
| 0.8
| {{increase}} 0.2
| 1
| ±0
|-
| bgcolor=#0000FC| 
| align=left| I am a Frankfurter (IBF)
| align=left| Jumas Medoff
| 166,573
| 0.8
| {{increase}} 0.4
| 1
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| bgcolor=#87CEEB| 
| align=left| Alliance for Innovation and Justice (BIG)
| align=left| Haluk Yıldız
| 128,846
| 0.6
| New
| 1
| New
|-
| 
| align=left| Garden Party Frankfurt am Main (Gartenpartei)
| align=left| Tilo Schwichtenberg
| 126,991
| 0.6
| New
| 1
| New
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Pirate Party Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Pirate Party Germany]] (Piraten)
| align=left| Herbert Förster
| 123,772
| 0.6
| {{decrease}} 0.2
| 1
| ±0
|-
| colspan=8 bgcolor=lightgrey| 
|-
| 
| align=left| Polish Dialogue Initiative for Frankfurt
| align=left| Barbara Lange
| 88,771
| 0.4
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| 
| align=left| The Frankfurters (dFfm)
| align=left| Bernhard Ochs
| 73,026
| 0.4
| {{decrease}} 0.4
| 0
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| 
| align=left| International Vote Frankfurt (ISF)
| align=left| Kerry Reddington
| 61,772
| 0.3
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| 
| align=left| Climate List Frankfurt (Klimaliste)
| align=left| Beate Balzert
| 61,526
| 0.3
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| 
| align=left| Free Party Frankfurt (FPF)
| align=left| Benjamin Klinger
| 40,621
| 0.2
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| 
| align=left| United Democrats (VD)
| align=left| André Leitzbach
| 30,691
| 0.2
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| 
| align=left| The Social Liberals (SL)
| align=left| Christian Bethke
| 18,563
| 0.1
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| 
| align=left| Frankfurt Free Voter Group (FFWG)
| align=left| Thomas Schmitt
| 16,587
| 0.1
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| 
| align=left| Romanians for Frankfurt (RF)
| align=left| Ionut-Vlad Plenz
| 15,884
| 0.1
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| bgcolor=#110077| 
| align=left| [[Party of Humanists]] (Die Humanisten)
| align=left| Rüdiger Gottschalk
| 11,680
| 0.1
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| 
| align=left| Bulgarian Association of Frankfurt (BGF)
| align=left| Daniela Spasova-Mischke
| 11,488
| 0.1
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| 
| align=left| Sven Junghans, We Frankfurters (WF)
| align=left| Sven Junghans
| 9,627
| 0.0
| New
| 0
| New
|-
! colspan=3| Valid votes
! 221,487
! 96.0
! 
! 
! 
|-
! colspan=3| Invalid votes
! 9,196
! 4.0
! 
! 
! 
|-
! colspan=3| Total
! 230,683
! 100.0
! 
! 93
! ±0
|-
! colspan=3| Electorate/voter turnout
! 512,034
! 45.1
! {{increase}} 6.1
! 
! 
|-
| colspan=8| Source: [https://wahlen.statistik.hessen.de/k_2021/html/Gemeindewahl/VG412000 Statistics Hesse]
|}

=== Landtag election ===
For elections to the [[Landtag of Hesse|Hesse State Parliament]], Frankfurt am Main is split up into six constituencies. In total 15 delegates represent the city in the [[Landtag]] in [[Wiesbaden]]. The last election took place in October 2018. Six members of parliament were directly elected in their respective constituencies: Uwe Serke (CDU, Frankfurt am Main I), [[Miriam Dahlke]] (Greens, Frankfurt am Main II), Ralf-Norbert Bartel (CDU, Frankfurt am Main III), [[Michael Boddenberg]] (CDU, Frankfurt am Main IV), Markus Bocklet (Greens, Frankfurt am Main V) and Boris Rhein (CDU, Frankfurt am Main VI).

Delegates from Frankfurt often serve high-ranking positions in Hessian politics, e.g. [[Michael Boddenberg]] is Hessian Minister of Finance and Boris Rhein was elected President of the Landtag of Hesse in 2019.

=== German federal election ===
For federal elections which are held every four years, Frankfurt is split up into two constituencies. In the [[2017 German federal election|German federal election 2017]], [[Matthias Zimmer]] (CDU) and [[Bettina Wiesmann]] were elected to the Bundestag by directe mandate in [[Frankfurt am Main I (electoral district)|Frankfurt am Main I]] and [[Frankfurt am Main II (electoral district)|Frankfurt am Main II]] respectively. [[Nicola Beer]] (FDP), [[Achim Kessler]] (Linke), [[Ulli Nissen]] (SPD) and [[Omid Nouripour]] (Greens) were elected as well.

Nicola Beer resigned as a member of parliament in 2019 following her [[2019 European Parliament election|election to the European Parliament]] where she now serves as vice president.

==Economy and business==

[[File:Deutsche-boerse-parkett-ffm001.jpg|thumb|{{Lang|de|[[Deutsche Börse]]|italic=no}} trading floor in Frankfurt]]
Frankfurt is one of the world's most important financial hubs and Germany's financial capital, followed by [[Hamburg]] and [[Stuttgart]]. Frankfurt was ranked eighth at the [[Financial centre#Xinhua–Dow Jones Index (2010–2014)|International Financial Centers Development Index]] (2013), eighth at the [[Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index]] (2008), ninth at the [[Global Financial Centres Index]] (September 2013),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.longfinance.net/Publications/GFCI%2012.5.pdf |title=The Global Financial Centres Index 12.5 |date=January 2013 |publisher=Long Finance |access-date=29 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123231140/http://www.longfinance.net/Publications/GFCI%2012.5.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> tenth at the [[Global city#Global Power City Index|Global Power City Index]] (2011), 11th at the [[Global city#Global City Competitiveness Index|Global City Competitiveness Index]] (2012), 12th at the Innovation Cities Index (2011),<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 October 2011|title=Innovation Cities Top 100 Index 2011|url=https://innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-index-top-cities-for-innovation-2011/1649/|website=Innovation Cities™ Index|language=en-US|archive-date=7 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107134327/https://innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-index-top-cities-for-innovation-2011/1649/|url-status=live}}</ref> 14th at the [[Global city#World City Survey|World City Survey]] (2011) and 23rd at the [[Global city#Global Cities Index (Kearney)|Global Cities Index]] (2012).<ref name="Foreign Policy">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/dfedfc4c-8a62-4162-90e5-2a3f14f0da3a |title=The 2012 Global Cities Index |magazine=Foreign Policy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020223227/http://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/dfedfc4c-8a62-4162-90e5-2a3f14f0da3a |archive-date=20 October 2013}}</ref>

The city's importance as a financial hub has risen since the [[eurozone crisis]]. Indications are the establishment of two institutions of the [[European System of Financial Supervisors]] ([[European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority]] and [[European Systemic Risk Board]]) in 2011, and the entry into force in 2014 of [[European Banking Supervision]], by which the European Central Bank has become the central supervisory authority for the euro area banking sector.

According to an annual study by [[Cushman & Wakefield]], the European Cities Monitor (2010), Frankfurt has been one of the top three cities for international companies in Europe, after London and Paris, since the survey started in 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cushwake.com/sites/landing/citiesmonitor/European-cities-monitor-2009-holding.pdf |title=ECM 2009v1:V1 |access-date=5 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922030005/http://www.cushwake.com/sites/landing/citiesmonitor/European-cities-monitor-2009-holding.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is the only German city considered to be an [[Global city#GaWC study|alpha world city (category 3)]] as listed by the [[Loughborough University]] group's 2010 inventory,<ref name="Beaverstock">{{cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html |title=The World According to GaWC 2010 |publisher=Globalization and World Cities |first1=J.V. |last1=Beaverstock |first2=R.G. |last2=Smith |first3=P.J. |last3=Taylor |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010004859/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html |archive-date=10 October 2013}}</ref> which was a promotion from the group's 2008 inventory when it was ranked as an alpha minus world city (category 4).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html |title=GaWC 2008 |publisher=Lboro.ac.uk |date=13 April 2010 |access-date=17 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117133459/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html |archive-date=17 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

With over 922 jobs per 1,000 inhabitants, Frankfurt has the highest concentration of jobs in Germany. On work days and Saturdays, one million people commute from all over the [[Rhein-Main Region|Rhein-Main-Area]]. The GRP per capita was €96,670 in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kreise mit dem höchsten Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP)¹ je Einwohner im Jahr 2019|url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1186514/umfrage/top-kreise-bruttoinlandsprodukt-je-einwohner/|access-date=20 August 2022|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926131513/https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1186514/umfrage/top-kreise-bruttoinlandsprodukt-je-einwohner/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The city is expected to benefit from international banks relocating jobs from London to Frankfurt as a result of Brexit to retain access to the EU market.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/dec/11/brexit-city-of-london-jobs-ey-dublin-frankfurt |title=Brexit: City of London will lose 10,500 jobs on day one, says EY |last=Treanor |first=Jill |date=11 December 2017 |work=The Guardian |access-date=27 December 2017 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129124608/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/dec/11/brexit-city-of-london-jobs-ey-dublin-frankfurt |archive-date=29 January 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg.com">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-brexit-bankers/ |title=Here's Where London Bankers Are Moving After Brexit |work=Bloomberg.com |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227130546/https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-brexit-bankers/ |archive-date=27 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Thus far, Morgan Stanley, Citigroup Inc., Standard Chartered Plc and Nomura Holdings Inc. announced they would move their EU headquarters to Frankfurt.<ref name="Bloomberg.com" />

===Central banks===
[[File:European Central Bank - building under construction - Frankfurt - Germany - 14.jpg|thumb|The new headquarters of the European Central Bank in the Ostend district]]
Frankfurt is home to two important [[central bank]]s: the German Bundesbank and the European Central Bank (ECB).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/tower-envy-frankfurt-may-be-home-to-one-central-bank-too-many/ |title=Tower envy: Frankfurt may be home to one central bank too many |date=10 August 2017 |work=POLITICO |access-date=27 December 2017 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227235808/https://www.politico.eu/article/tower-envy-frankfurt-may-be-home-to-one-central-bank-too-many/ |archive-date=27 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====European Central Bank====
[[File:Euro-Symbol von Ottmar Hörl, vor dem Gebäude der EZB in Frankfurt am Main.jpg|left|thumb|159x159px|[[Euro-Skulptur]]]]
The European Central Bank (''Europäische Zentralbank'') is one of the world's most important central banks with a balance sheet total of around 7 trillion.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.infina.at/trends/ezb-bilanzsumme/ | title=EZB-Bilanzsumme: Entwicklung und Prognose &#124; INFINA | access-date=18 July 2024 | archive-date=18 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718044416/https://www.infina.at/trends/ezb-bilanzsumme/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The ECB sets monetary policy for the Eurozone, consisting of 19 [[Member state of the European Union|EU member states]] that have adopted the [[Euro]] (€) as their common currency. From 1998 the ECB Headquarters have been located in Frankfurt, first in the [[Eurotower (Frankfurt)|Eurotower]] at Willy-Brandt-Platz and in two other nearby high-rises. The new [[Seat of the European Central Bank]] in the [[Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)|Ostend]] district, consisting of the former wholesale market hall (''[[Großmarkthalle]]'') and a newly built 185-meter skyscraper, was completed in late 2014. The new building complex was designed to accommodate up to 2,300 ECB personnel. The location is a few kilometers away from downtown and borders an industrial area as well as the Osthafen (''East Harbor''), It was primarily chosen because of its large premises which allows the ECB to install security arrangements without high fences.

The city honors the importance of the ECB by officially using the slogan "The City of the Euro" since 1998.

====Deutsche Bundesbank====
The {{lang|de|[[Deutsche Bundesbank]]|italic=no}} (German Federal Bank), located in [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Ginnheim]], was established in 1957 as the central bank for the Federal Republic of Germany. Until the euro (€) was introduced in 1999, the Deutsche Bundesbank was responsible for the monetary policy of Germany and for the German currency, the [[Deutsche Mark]] (DM). The Bundesbank was greatly respected for its control of inflation through the second half of the 20th century. Today the Bundesbank is an integral part of the [[European System of Central Banks]] (ESCB) which is formed by all 27 EU member states. Its bilance sheet total is around 2,7 trillion,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bundesbank.de/de/bundesbank/organisation/die-bundesbank-in-zahlen/die-bundesbank-in-zahlen-604102 | title=Die Bundesbank in Zahlen | access-date=18 July 2024 | archive-date=18 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718044854/https://www.bundesbank.de/de/bundesbank/organisation/die-bundesbank-in-zahlen/die-bundesbank-in-zahlen-604102 | url-status=live }}</ref> making it the 4th biggest central bank.

===Commercial banks===
[[File:Deutsche Bank Taunusanlage.jpg|thumb|[[Deutsche Bank Twin Towers]]]]
[[File:Westendtower-5.JPG|thumb|[[Westend Tower]], also known as ''Westendstraße 1'' or ''Crown Tower'', headquarters of DZ Bank]]
[[File:OpernturmVoll.jpg|thumb|[[Opernturm]], headquarters of UBS Germany, at the Opernplatz]]
In 2010, 63 national and 152 international banks had a registered office, including the headquarters of the major German banks, as well as 41 offices of international banks.<ref name="Internetredaktion-2012"/> Frankfurt is therefore known as Bankenstadt ("City of the banks") and nicknamed "Mainhattan" (a [[portmanteau]] of the local [[Main (river)|Main]] river and [[Manhattan]] in New York City) or "Bankfurt". 73,200 people were employed at banks in 2010.
*'''[[Deutsche Bank]]''' — Germany's largest [[commercial bank]]. It had 15% share of private customers and total assets of €1,900&nbsp;billion in 2010. Deutsche Bank ranks among the 30 largest banks in the world and the ten largest banks in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manager-magazin.de/unternehmen/artikel/0,2828,623219,00.html |title=Größte Banken der Welt |date=6 May 2009 |publisher=Manager-magazin.de |access-date=3 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405162347/http://www.manager-magazin.de/unternehmen/artikel/0,2828,623219,00.html |archive-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Deutsche Bank is listed on the [[DAX]], the [[stock market index]] of the 30 largest German business companies at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. In November 2010 Deutsche Bank bought the majority of shares of competitor [[Deutsche Postbank|Postbank]]. Its [[Deutsche Bank Twin Towers|headquarters]] are located at Taunusanlage in the financial district.
*'''[[DZ Bank]]''' — Central institution for more than 900 [[Cooperative banking|co-operative banks]] (''[[Bundesverband der Deutschen Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken|Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken]]'') and their 12,000 branch offices in Germany and is a corporate and investment bank. It is Germany's second-largest bank (total assets: €509 billion). The DZ Bank Group defines itself primarily as a service provider for the local Volksbanken and Raiffeisenbanken and their 30 million clients. The DZ Bank headquarters are the [[Westend Tower]] and the [[City-Haus]] at Platz der Republik. The DZ Bank Group includes [[Union Investment]], DVB Bank and [[Reisebank]], which are also headquartered in Frankfurt.
*'''[[KfW|KfW Bankengruppe]]''' — Government-owned development bank formed in 1948 as part of the [[Marshall Plan]]. KfW provides loans for approved purposes at lower rates than commercial banks, especially to medium-sized businesses. With total assets of €507&nbsp;billion (2017), it is Germany's third-largest bank. The KfW headquarters are located in the [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]] district at Bockenheimer Landstraße and Senckenberganlage.
*'''[[Commerzbank]]''' — Germany's fourth-largest bank by total assets (2017). In 2009, Commerzbank merged with competitor [[Dresdner Bank]], then the third-largest German bank. Due to the merger and the higher credit risks, Commerzbank was 25% [[Nationalization|nationalized]] during the [[Great Recession]]. It is listed in the DAX. Its headquarters are at [[Commerzbank Tower]] (259 meters), the second-tallest building in the EU, at Kaiserplatz.
*'''[[Helaba|Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen]]''' – Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen, or short '''Helaba''', is a commercial bank owned by the states of [[Hesse]] and [[Thuringia]] (''[[Landesbank]]''). As such, it is a service provider for the local [[Sparkasse (Germany)|Sparkasse]]n. Helaba is one of nine ''Landesbanken'' and is the fifth-largest in Germany. It is located in the 200-meter-tall [[Main Tower]] in the financial district, the only skyscraper in Frankfurt with an observation desk open to the public.
*'''[[DekaBank]]''' – DekaBank is the central asset manager of the ''Sparkassen'' in Germany. The headquarters of DekaBank are located at the [[Trianon (Frankfurt am Main)|Trianon]] skyscraper at Mainzer Landstraße.
*'''[[ING Group|ING Diba]] Germany''' – Germany's largest [[direct bank]], headquartered in [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bockenheim]]

Other major German banks include [[Frankfurter Volksbank]], the second-largest ''Volksbank'' in Germany, Frankfurter Sparkasse and old-established private banks such as [[Metzler Bank|Bankhaus Metzler]], [[Hauck & Aufhäuser]] and [[Bethmann bank|Delbrück Bethmann Maffei]].

Many international banks have a registered or a representative office, e.g., [[Credit Suisse]], [[UBS]], [[Bank of America]], [[Morgan Stanley]], [[Goldman Sachs]], [[Merrill Lynch]], [[JPMorgan Chase & Co.]], [[Bank of China]], [[Banco do Brasil]], [[Itaú Unibanco]] [[Société Générale]], [[BNP Paribas]], [[Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken|SEB]], [[Royal Bank of Scotland]] and [[Barclays]].

===Frankfurt Stock Exchange===
{{main|Frankfurt Stock Exchange}}
[[File:Bulle und Bär Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|[[Market trend|Bull and bear]] in front of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]
The Frankfurt Stock Exchange (''Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse'') began in the ninth century. By the 16th century Frankfurt had developed into an important European hub for trade fairs and financial services. Today the Frankfurt Stock Exchange is by far the largest in Germany, with a turnover of more than 90 percent of the German [[stock market]] and is the third-largest in Europe after the [[London Stock Exchange|London]] and the [[Euronext Paris|Paris]]. The most important [[stock market index]] is the [[DAX]], the index of the 30 largest German business companies listed at the stock exchange. The stock exchange is owned and operated by {{Lang|de|[[Deutsche Börse]]|italic=no}}, which is itself listed in the DAX. Deutsche Börse also owns the European [[futures exchange]] [[Eurex]] and clearing company [[Clearstream]]. Trading takes place exclusively via the [[Xetra (trading system)|Xetra trading system]], with redundant floor brokers taking on the role of market-makers on the new platform.

On 1 February 2012 European Commission blocked the proposed merger of Deutsche Börse and [[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE Euronext]]. "The merger between Deutsche Börse and NYSE Euronext would have led to a near-monopoly in European financial derivatives worldwide. These markets are at the heart of the financial system and it is crucial for the whole European economy that they remain competitive. We tried to find a solution, but the remedies offered fell far short of resolving the concerns."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-94_en.htm |website=europa.eu |title=Mergers: Commission blocks proposed merger between Deutsche Börse and NYSE Euronext, European Commission – Press release |access-date=19 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220020112/http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-94_en.htm |archive-date=20 February 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> European competition commissioner [[Joaquín Almunia]] said.

It is located downtown at the Börsenplatz. Deutsche Börse's headquarters are formally registered in Frankfurt, but it moved most of its employees to a high-rise called "The Cube" in [[Eschborn]] in 2010, primarily due to significantly lower local [[corporate tax]]es.

===Frankfurt Trade Fair===
{{main|Frankfurt Trade Fair}}
[[File:Messefrankfurt-messeturm-und-messebesucher.jpg|thumb|[[Messeturm]] seen from the trade fair premises]]
Frankfurt Trade Fair (''Messe Frankfurt'') has the third-largest exhibition site in the world with a total of {{convert|578000|m2|abbr=on}}. The trade fair premises are located in the western part between [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bockenheim]], the [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]] and the [[Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)|Gallus]] district. It houses ten exhibition halls with a total of {{convert|321754|m2|abbr=on}} of space and {{convert|96,078|m2|abbr=on}} of outdoor space.{{citation needed||date=March 2025}}

Frankfurt and the river [[Rhine]] tributary [[Main (river)|Main]] acquired transnational economic importance in the [[Middle Ages]]. In 1337 the [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV of Bavaria]] issued a diploma privilege so that any other city was not allowed to establish a market or trade fair if this could harm the Frankfurt Trade Fair in any way. This imperial backing allowed Frankfurt to retain the commanding importance of the Frankfurt Trade Fair for centuries. In the Middle Ages the full range of manufactured and semi-processed commodities were trade at Frankfurt Fairs.<ref>{{cite book|title=Textiles and the Medieval Economy: Production, Trade, and Consumption of Textiles, 8th–16th Centuries|editor1=Angela Ling Huang|editor2=Carsten Jahnke|publisher=Oxbow Books|isbn=9781782976509|date=2014|page=217}}</ref>

Hosted in Frankfurt are the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] (''Frankfurter Buchmesse''), the world's largest book fair, the Ambiente Frankfurt, the world's largest [[Final good|consumer goods]] fair, the Achema, the world's largest plant engineering fair, and many more like Paperworld, Christmasworld, Beautyworld, Tendence Lifestyle or Light+Building. Messe Frankfurt GmbH, the owner and operator company, organized 87 exhibitions in 2010, 51 thereof in foreign countries. It is one of the largest trade fair companies with commercial activities in over 150 countries.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

===Aviation===
[[File:2010-07-21 A380 LH D-AIMB EDDF 06.jpg|thumb|Two Lufthansa Airbus A380s at [[Frankfurt Airport]]]]
[[Frankfurt Airport]] is one of the busiest airports in the world and is also the single largest place of work in Germany with over 500 companies which employ 71,500 people (2010).<ref>{{cite web |author=Rolf Didszuns |url=http://frankfurt-interaktiv.de/frankfurt/wirtschaft/airport/flughafen.html |title=Frankfurt-Interaktiv: Flughafen Frankfurt |publisher=Frankfurt-interaktiv.de |date=21 October 2011 |access-date=4 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015201235/http://frankfurt-interaktiv.de/frankfurt/wirtschaft/airport/flughafen.html |archive-date=15 October 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Fraport]] is the owner and operator of Frankfurt Airport. It is the airport's second-largest employer (19,800 workers in 2010).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fraport.de/content/fraport-ag/de/Nachhaltigkeit/soziales/personal_in_zahlen/personal_in_zahlen.html#Fraport |title=Personal in Zahlen |publisher=Fraport.de |access-date=4 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104195637/http://www.fraport.de/content/fraport-ag/de/Nachhaltigkeit/soziales/personal_in_zahlen/personal_in_zahlen.html#Fraport |archive-date=4 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Fraport also operates other airports worldwide, e.g., [[King Abdulaziz International Airport]] in [[Jeddah]], [[Jorge Chávez International Airport]] in Lima and [[Antalya Airport]].

The largest company at Frankfurt Airport is Lufthansa, Germany's [[flag carrier]] and Europe's largest airline. Lufthansa employs 35,000 people in Frankfurt.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/lufthansa_aid_22996.html |title=Lufthansa-Konzernzentrale teurer als geplant |newspaper=Focus Online |publisher=Focus.de |date=18 July 2006 |access-date=4 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521075219/http://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/lufthansa_aid_22996.html |archive-date=21 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.report-k.de/content/view/7026/ Report-k.de: Lufthansa-Verwaltung in Köln-Deutz eröffnet] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124111212/http://www.report-k.de/content/view/7026/ |date=24 November 2007}}</ref> The Lufthansa Aviation Center (LAC) is the main operation base of Lufthansa at Frankfurt Airport. The airport serves as Lufthansa's primary [[Airline hub|hub]] with 157 worldwide destinations (compared to 110 destinations at [[Munich Airport]], Lufthansa's second-largest hub). '''[[Lufthansa Cargo]]''' is based in Frankfurt and operates its largest cargo center (LCC) at Frankfurt Airport. '''[[Lufthansa Flight Training]]''' is also based here.

[[Condor Flugdienst|Condor]] is a German airline based at Frankfurt Airport.

===Other industries===

====Accountancy and professional services====
Three of the four largest international [[accountancy]] and [[professional services]] firms ''([[Big Four (audit firms)|Big Four]])'' are present.

[[PricewaterhouseCoopers]] (PwC) German headquarters are located at [[Tower 185]]. [[KPMG]] moved its European Headquarters ([[KPMG#Recent history|KPMG Europe LLP]]) to [[The Squaire]]. [[Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu]] are present, while [[Ernst & Young]] is located in [[Eschborn]].

====Credit rating agencies====
The three major international [[credit rating agency|credit rating agencies]] – [[Standard & Poor's]], [[Moody's]] and [[Fitch Group|Fitch Ratings]] – have their German headquarters in Frankfurt.

====Investment trust companies====
DWS Investments is one of the largest [[investment trust]] company in Germany and manages €859&nbsp;billion fund assets. It is one of the ten largest investment trust companies in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dws.de/DE/showpage.aspx?pageID=184 |title=DWS: Unternehmensprofil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928121959/https://www.dws.de/DE/showpage.aspx?pageID=184 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Other large investment trust companies are [[Universal Investment]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.universal-investment.com/en/Corporate/Structure-and-Management/Location-Germany/ |title=Your partner in Germany |publisher=Universal Investment |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210155758/https://www.universal-investment.com/en/Corporate/Structure-and-Management/Location-Germany/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Allianz Global Investors Europe (a division of [[Allianz SE]], and a top-five global active investment manager), [[Union Investment]] and Deka Investmentfonds.

====Management consultancies====
Many of the largest international [[Management consulting|management consultancies]] are represented, including [[Arthur D. Little]], [[McKinsey & Company]], [[Boston Consulting Group]], [[Booz & Company]], [[Oliver Wyman]], [[Bearing Point]], [[Capgemini]], [[Bain & Company]] and [[Roland Berger Strategy Consultants]].

====Real estate services companies====
Located in Frankfurt are the German headquarters of [[Jones Lang LaSalle]] and [[BNP Paribas Real Estate]].

====Law firms====
Frankfurt has the highest concentration of lawyers in Germany, with one lawyer per 97 inhabitants (followed by [[Düsseldorf]] with a ratio of 1/117 and [[Munich]] with 1/124) in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.juraforum.de/fuer-anwaelte/kanzleigruendung/anwaltsdichte-in-deutschland |title=Anwaltsdichte in Deutschland |publisher=Juraforum.de |access-date=4 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116050546/http://www.juraforum.de/fuer-anwaelte/kanzleigruendung/anwaltsdichte-in-deutschland |archive-date=16 November 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Most of the large international [[law firms]] maintain offices, among them [[Allen & Overy]], [[Baker & McKenzie]], [[Bird & Bird]], [[Clifford Chance]], [[Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton]], [[Debevoise & Plimpton]], [[DLA Piper]], [[Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer]], [[Hogan Lovells]], [[Jones Day]], [[Latham & Watkins]], [[Linklaters]], [[Mayer Brown]], [[Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy]], [[Norton Rose]], [[Shearman & Sterling]], [[Sidley Austin]], [[SJ Berwin]], [[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom]], [[Sullivan & Cromwell]], [[K&L Gates]], [[Taylor Wessing]] and [[White & Case]].

====Advertising agencies====
According to a ranking of German [[Focus (German magazine)|FOCUS magazine]] (November 2007) seven of the 48 largest [[Advertising agency|advertising agencies]] in Germany are based in Frankfurt, including [[Havas]], [[Dentsu Aegis Network|Dentsu]], [[McCann-Erickson]], [[Saatchi & Saatchi]], [[J. Walter Thompson|JWT]], and [[Publicis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.focus-campus.de/fileadmin/excerpts/EXC_0746_AufeinenBlick.pdf |title=Die größten Werbeagenturen 2007 |publisher=FOCUS Campus |access-date=3 December 2007 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227024512/http://www.focus-campus.de/fileadmin/excerpts/EXC_0746_AufeinenBlick.pdf |archive-date=27 February 2008}}</ref> Frankfurt is a media [[business cluster]]. Around 570 companies of the advertising industry and 270 [[public relations]] companies are located in Frankfurt.

====Food====
Frankfurt is home to the German headquarters of [[Nestlé]], the world's largest [[food industry|food company]], located in [[Niederrad (Frankfurt am Main)|Niederrad]]. Other important food companies are [[Ferrero SpA]] (German headquarters) and Radeberger Gruppe KG, the largest private brewery group in Germany.

====Automotive====
The South-Korean [[Automotive industry|automobile manufacturer]] [[Kia Motors]] moved its European headquarters to Frankfurt in 2007. In the same year, Italian manufacturer [[Fiat]] opened its new German headquarters. The automotive supplier [[Continental AG]] has the headquarters and a major manufacturing plant of its Chassis & Safety division (formerly ITT Automotive) located in Frankfurt Rödelheim.

====Construction====
Some of the largest German construction companies have offices, e.g., [[Bilfinger Berger]], [[Hochtief]], Züblin and BAM Deutschland.

====Property and real estate====
Frankfurt has Germany's highest concentration of homeowners. This is partly attributed to the financial sector, but also to its cosmopolitan nature, with expatriates and immigrants representing one-fourth of its population. For this reason, Frankfurt's property market often operates differently than the rest of the country where the prices are generally flatter.

====Tourism====
Frankfurt is one of Germany's leading tourist destinations. In addition to its infrastructure and economy, its diversity supports a vibrant cultural scene. This blend of attractions led 4.3&nbsp;million tourists (2012) to visit Frankfurt.<ref>[http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/cms/export/system/galleries/tcf/dok/20779.pdf frankfurt-tourismus.de Gäste- und Übernachtungszahlen 2012] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203002742/http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/cms/export/system/galleries/tcf/dok/20779.pdf |date=3 February 2014 }}. Retrieved 24 July 2013.</ref> The Hotels in central Frankfurt offer 34,000 beds in 228 hotels, of which 13 are luxury hotels and 46 are first-class hotels.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/738/Netz_dfz%20engl._2011-12.pdf |title=Frankfurt – Data, Facts, Figures |access-date=23 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122120/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/738/Netz_dfz%20engl._2011-12.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015}} Retrieved 23 April 2014</ref>

====Other====
[[File:Frankfurt Herriotstraße 4.20130511.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of [[Colt Technology Services]] and [[Nintendo of Europe]] in the Lyoner Quartier]]
[[File:Industriepark Höchst, Leunabrücke.jpg|thumb|Industriepark Höchst]]
[[File:Mainova - Müllheizkraftwerk Nordweststadt - Frankfurt am Main.jpg|thumb|[[Mainova]] heating plant]]
Frankfurt is home to companies from the chemical, transportation, telecommunication and energy industries. Some of the larger companies are:
*'''Industriepark Höchst''' — An [[industrial park]] in [[Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)|Höchst]]. It is one of Germany's largest with over 90 companies from the [[Pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceutical]], the [[Chemical industry|chemical]] and the [[biotechnology]] industry, including [[Celanese]], [[Clariant]], [[BASF]], [[Merck KGaA]] and [[Siemens]]. It was founded by chemical company [[Hoechst AG]] in 1874. At the beginning of the 1980s Hoechst AG was the largest pharmaceutical corporation and Industriepark Höchst was known as "the pharmacy of the world". Hoechst AG merged with [[Rhône-Poulenc]] to become [[Aventis]] in 1999 and in 2004 Aventis merged with [[Sanofi-Synthélabo]] to become [[Sanofi-Aventis]]. In 2005, around 22,000 people worked at Industriepark Höchst. In 2011, [[Ticona]] now part of [[Celanese]], an international manufacturer of engineering [[polymer]]s, moved to Industriepark Höchst.
*'''Deutsche Bahn''' – Deutsche Bahn subsidiaries [[DB Fernverkehr]], [[DB Regio]], [[DB Stadtverkehr]], [[DB Netz]], [[DB Schenker]] and the corporate development department of Deutsche Bahn are Frankfurt-based.
*'''[[Deutsche Telekom]]''' – Deutsche Telekom's subsidiary [[T-Systems]] is Frankfurt-based.
*'''[[COLT Group|COLT]]''' – telecommunications company with Frankfurt-based German headquarters
*'''[[Nintendo]]''' — In 2014, [[Nintendo of Europe]] moved its headquarters from [[Großostheim]] to Frankfurt.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 June 2014 |title=Nintendo Europe closing Großostheim headquarters, 130 jobs lost |language=en-gb |work=Eurogamer.net |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/nintendo-europe-closing-grossostheim-headquarters-130-jobs-lost |access-date=2 November 2022 |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102225030/https://www.eurogamer.net/nintendo-europe-closing-grossostheim-headquarters-130-jobs-lost |url-status=live }}</ref>
*'''[[CenturyLink]]''' — [[internet service provider]] with German headquarters in Frankfurt
*'''[[DE-CIX]]''' – Frankfurt is an important location for [[electronic communication]], especially the Internet. It is home to [[DE-CIX]], the world's largest [[internet exchange point]].
*'''[[Mainova]]''' – The largest regional [[Energy supply|energy supplier]] in Germany with about one million customers in [[Hesse]]. It provides electricity, gas, heat and water. Its headquarters are Frankfurt-based.
In addition, several [[Cloud computing|cloud]] and [[Financial technology|fintech]] [[Startup company|startups]] have their headquarters in Frankfurt.<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Startup Ecosystem Survey – Startup Genome. Frankfurt among the global startup capitals. |url=http://startupgenome.com/report2017/ |access-date=21 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322014620/http://startupgenome.com/report2017/ |archive-date=22 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Urban area (suburban) businesses===
Within Frankfurt's urban area are several important companies.

The business hub of Eschborn is located right at Frankfurt's city limits in the west and attracts businesses with significantly lower [[corporate tax]]es compared to Frankfurt. Major companies in Eschborn include [[Ernst & Young]], [[Vodafone Germany]], [[Randstad NV]] and VR Leasing. {{Lang|de|[[Deutsche Börse]]|italic=no}} moved most of its employees to Eschborn in 2010.

[[Rüsselsheim]] is internationally known for its [[Automotive industry|automobile manufacturer]] [[Opel]], one of the biggest automobile manufacturers in Germany. With 20,000 employees in 2003, Opel was one of the five largest employers in [[Hesse]].

[[Offenbach am Main]] is home to the European headquarters of automobile manufacturer [[Hyundai Motor Company]], to the German headquarters of automobile manufacturer [[Honda]], to [[Honeywell|Honeywell Germany]] and to [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]], the central scientific agency that monitors weather and [[meteorology|meteorological]] conditions over Germany.

Two [[DAX]] companies are located in [[Bad Homburg vor der Höhe]], [[Fresenius (company)|Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA]] and [[Fresenius Medical Care]]. Other major companies are [[Hewlett-Packard]], [[Bridgestone]], Deutsche Leasing and Basler Versicherungen.

[[Kronberg im Taunus]] is home of the German headquarters of automobile manufacturer [[Jaguar Cars]] as well as the German headquarters of [[Accenture]].

[[Lufthansa Systems]], a subsidiary of [[Lufthansa]], is located in [[Kelsterbach]].

[[LSG Sky Chefs]], another subsidiary of Lufthansa, is located in [[Neu-Isenburg]].

The German headquarters of [[Thomas Cook Group]] are based in [[Oberursel (Taunus)|Oberursel]].

[[Langen, Hesse|Langen]] is home to [[Deutsche Flugsicherung]], the German [[air traffic control]].

==International relations==
===Twin towns – sister cities===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Frankfurt is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref name="Stadt Frankfurt am Main">{{cite news |title=City Partnerships |newspaper=City of Frankfurt Am Main |url=https://frankfurt.de/english/international-affairs/city-partnerships |publisher=Stadt Frankfurt am Main |access-date=3 February 2021 |archive-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206050127/https://frankfurt.de/english/international-affairs/city-partnerships |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Birmingham]], West Midlands, England, United Kingdom (1966)
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Budapest]], Hungary (1990)
<!--Cairo - friendship, not twinning-->
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Deuil-la-Barre]], [[Val d'Oise]], France (1967); ''formerly twinned with [[Nieder-Eschbach]], incorporated into Frankfurt in 1972)''<ref>{{cite news |title=Deuil-La Barre |newspaper=City of Frankfurt Am Main |url=https://frankfurt.de/en/english/international-affairs/the-partner-cities/deuil-la-barre |publisher=Stadt Frankfurt am Main |access-date=3 February 2021 |archive-date=7 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207133134/https://frankfurt.de/en/english/international-affairs/the-partner-cities/deuil-la-barre |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Dubai]], [[Emirate of Dubai]], United Arab Emirates (2005)
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Eskişehir]], [[Eskişehir Province]], Turkey (2013)
*{{flagicon|NIC}} [[Granada, Nicaragua|Granada]], [[Granada Department]], Nicaragua (1991)
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Guangzhou]], Guangdong, China (1988)
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Kraków]], Poland (1991)
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Leipzig]], Saxony, Germany (1990)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lyon]], France (1960)
*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Australia
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Milan]], Lombardy, Italy (1970)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania, United States (2015)
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Prague]], Czech Republic (1990)
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Tel Aviv]], [[Gush Dan]], Israel (1980)
*{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada (1989)
<!--Yokohama - friendship, not twinning-->
{{div col end}}

===Friendly cities===
<!--both sides don't consider each other a twin town-->
Frankfurt has friendly relations with:<ref name="Stadt Frankfurt am Main"/>
*{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Cairo]], Egypt (1979)
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yokohama]], [[Kanagawa]], Japan (2011)
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lviv]], Ukraine (2024)<ref>{{citation |title=Lwiw wird Partnerstadt von Frankfurt |date=3 May 2024 |url=https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/lwiw-wird-partnerstadt-von-frankfurt-93050131.html |publisher=Frankfurter Rundschau |access-date=3 May 2024 }}</ref>

==Cityscape==

===Landmarks===
'''Römer'''
[[File:Frankfurter Römer.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Römer]], the city hall]]
[[Römer]], the German word for [[Rome|Roman]], is a complex of nine houses that form the Frankfurt [[city hall]] (''Rathaus''). The houses were acquired by the city council in 1405 from a wealthy merchant family. The middle house became the city hall and was later connected with its neighbors. The ''Kaisersaal'' ("Emperor's Hall") is located on the upper floor and is where the newly crowned emperors held their banquets. The Römer was partially destroyed in World War II and later rebuilt. The surrounding square, the Römerberg, is named after the city hall.

[[File:Dom-Roemer-Projekt-Huehnermarkt-06-2018-Ffm-Altstadt-10008-9.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|The [[Dom-Römer Project|New Frankfurt Old Town]] was completed in 2018, including 15 reconstructed historical buildings.]]
The former [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] (old town) quarter between the Römer and the Frankfurt Cathedral was redeveloped as the [[Dom-Römer Project|Dom-Römer Quarter]] from 2012 to 2018, including 15 [[Reconstruction (architecture)|reconstructions]] of historical buildings that were destroyed during World War II.

==== German National Library ====
[[File:Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek,_Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|DNB building in Frankfurt]]
Frankfurt is one of two sites of the [[German National Library]] (''Deutsche Nationalbibliothek''), the other being [[Leipzig]]. The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek is a [[universal library]] in Germany. Its task, unique in Germany, is to collect, permanently archive, comprehensively document and record bibliographically all German and German-language publications from 1913 on, foreign publications about Germany, translations of German works and the works of German-speaking emigrants published abroad between 1933 and 1945, and to make them available to the public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=§ 2 DNBG – Einzelnorm |url=http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/dnbg/__2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321140624/http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/dnbg/__2.html |archive-date=21 March 2021 |access-date=25 May 2021 |website=www.gesetze-im-internet.de}}</ref>

'''Frankfurt Cathedral'''

[[Frankfurt Cathedral]] (Frankfurter Dom) is not a cathedral, but the main Catholic church, dedicated to [[Bartholomew the Apostle|St. Bartholomew]]. The [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] building was constructed in the 14th and 15th centuries on the foundation of an earlier church from the [[Merovingian]] time. From 1356 onwards, kings of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] were elected in this church, and from 1562 to 1792, [[Holy Roman Empire|Roman-German]] emperors were crowned there.

Since the 18th century, St. Bartholomew's has been called ''Dom'', although it was never a bishop's seat. In 1867 it was destroyed by fire and rebuilt in its present style. It was again partially destroyed in [[World War II]] and rebuilt in the 1950s. Its height is 95 meters. The cathedral tower has a viewing platform open to the public at a height of 66 meters, accessed through a narrow spiral staircase with 386 steps.
{{multiple image
| align = right
| caption_align = center
| total_width = 800 
| image1 = Frankfurter Dom Eiserner Steg.jpg
| width1 = 200
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = [[Frankfurt Cathedral]]
| image2 = Frankfurt Am Main-Samstagsberg von Suedwesten-20110705.jpg
| width2 = 300
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = [[Römerberg (Frankfurt)|Römerberg]]
| image3 = Frankfurt Paulskirche außen 2011a.jpg
| width3 = 200
| alt3 = 
| caption3 = [[St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt|St. Paul's Church]]
}}

'''St. Paul's Church'''

[[St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt|St. Paul's Church]] (''Paulskirche'') is a national historic monument in Germany because it was the seat of the first democratically elected parliament in 1848. It was established in 1789 as a [[Protestant]] church, but was not completed until 1833. Its importance has its roots in the [[Frankfurt Parliament]], which met in the church during the revolutionary years of 1848/49 in order to write a constitution for a united Germany. The attempt failed because the monarchs of [[Prussia]] and Austria did not want to lose power. In 1849, Prussian troops ended the democratic experiment by force and the parliament dissolved; the building was once more used for religious services.

St. Paul's was partially destroyed in World War II with its interior significantly damaged. It was quickly and symbolically rebuilt after the war albeit with modern alterations particularly to the interior; today it is used mainly for exhibitions and events.

'''Archäologischer Garten Frankfurt'''

The Archaeological Garden contains small parts of the oldest recovered buildings: an ancient Roman settlement and the Frankfurt Royal Palace (''Kaiserpfalz Frankfurt'') from the sixth century. The garden is located between the Römerberg and the cathedral. It was discovered after World War II when the area was heavily bombed and later partly rebuilt. The remains were preserved and are now open to the public. From 2013 until 2015 an event building, the Stadthaus ("City house"), has been built on top of the garden, but it remains open to the public free of charge.

'''Haus Wertheim'''

Wertheim House is the only [[Timber framing|timbered house]] in the [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] district that survived the heavy bombings of World War II undamaged. It is located on the Römerberg next to the Historical Museum.

'''Saalhof'''

The [[Saalhof]] is the oldest conserved building in the [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] district and dates to the 12th century. It was used as an exhibition hall by Dutch [[cloth merchant|clothiers]] when trade fairs were held during the 14th and 15th centuries. The Saalhof was partly destroyed in World War II and later rebuilt. Today it serves as a part of the [[Historical museum, Frankfurt|Historical Museum]].

'''Eiserner Steg'''

The Eiserner Steg (Iron Bridge) is a pedestrian-only bridge across the Main that connects Römerberg and Sachsenhausen. It was built in 1868 and was the second bridge to cross the river. After World War II, when it was blown up by the [[Wehrmacht]], it was quickly rebuilt in 1946. Today some 10,000 people cross the bridge on a daily basis.

'''Alte Oper'''
[[File:Alte Oper Frankfurt Winter 2008.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Alte Oper]], now a concert hall, at Opernplatz]]
The [[Alte Oper]] is a former [[opera house]], hence the name "Old Opera". The opera house was built in 1880 by architect Richard Lucae. It was one of the major opera houses in Germany until it was heavily damaged in World War II. Until the late 1970s, it was a ruin, nicknamed "Germany's most beautiful ruin". Former Frankfurt [[Lord Mayor]] Rudi Arndt called for blowing it up in the 1960s, which earned him the nickname "Dynamite-Rudi". (Later on, Arndt said he never had meant his suggestion seriously.)

Public pressure led to its refurbishment and reopening in 1981. Today, it functions as a famous concert hall, while operas are performed at the "new" Frankfurt Opera. The inscription on the [[frieze]] of the Alte Oper says: "''Dem Wahren, Schönen, Guten''" ("To the true, the beautiful, the good").

'''Eschenheimer Turm'''

The Eschenheim Tower (''[[Eschenheimer Turm]]'') was erected at the beginning of the 15th century and served as a city gate as part of late-medieval fortifications. It is the oldest and most unaltered building in the [[Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Innenstadt]] district.

'''St. Catherine's Church'''

[[St. Catherine's Church, Frankfurt|St. Catherine's Church]] (''Katharinenkirche'') is the largest [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant]] church, dedicated to [[Catherine of Alexandria]], a [[martyr]]ed early Christian saint. It is located downtown at the entrance to the Zeil, the central pedestrian shopping street.

'''Hauptwache'''

Although today [[Hauptwache (Frankfurt am Main)|Hauptwache]] is mostly associated with the inner-city underground train station [[Frankfurt (Main) Hauptwache station|of the same name]], the name originates from a [[Baroque architecture|baroque]] building on the square above the station. The Hauptwache building was constructed in 1730 and was used as a prison, therefore the name that translates as "main guard-house". Today the square surrounding the building is also called "Hauptwache" (formal: ''An der Hauptwache''). It is situated downtown opposite to St. Catherine's Church.
{{multiple image
| align = right
| caption_align = center
| total_width = 800 
| image1 = Frankfurt Main Hauptwache Katharinenkirche 20120707.jpg
| width1 = 300
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = [[Hauptwache (Frankfurt am Main)|Hauptwache]] and [[St. Catherine's Church, Frankfurt|St. Catherine's Church]]
| image2 = Frankfurt Nextower.20130514.jpg
| width2 = 130
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = [[Eschenheimer Turm]]
| image3 = Frankfurt Main Hauptbahnhof 6229.jpg
| width3 = 300
| alt3 = 
| caption3 = [[Frankfurt Central Station]]
}}

'''Central Station'''

[[Frankfurt Central Station]] (''Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof''), which opened in 1888, was built as the central train station for Frankfurt to replace three smaller downtown train stations and to boost the needed capacity for travellers. It was constructed as a [[Terminal station|terminus station]] and was the largest train station in Europe by floor area until 1915 when [[Leipzig Hauptbahnhof|Leipzig Central Station]] was opened. Its three main halls were constructed in a [[Renaissance Revival architecture|neorenaissance]]-style, while the later enlargement with two outer halls in 1924 was constructed in [[neoclassicism|neoclassic]]-style.

'''Frankfurter Hof'''

The Frankfurter Hof is a landmark downtown hotel at Kaiserplatz, built from 1872 to 1876. It is part of [[Steigenberger Hotels]] group and is considered the city's most prestigious.

'''St. Leonhard'''

[[St. Leonhard, Frankfurt|St. Leonhard]], on the Main close to the bridge Eiserner Steg, is a Catholic [[Gothic architecture|late Gothic]] [[hall church]], derived from a [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque style]] [[basilica]] beginning in 1425. It is the only one of nine churches in the Old Town that survived World War II almost undamaged. The parish serves the English-speaking community. The church has been under restoration from 2011 until 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-leonhardskirche-oeffnet-nach-sanierung-wieder-11765613.html |title=Gläubige dürfen zurück in uralte Leonhardskirche in Frankfurt |date=15 February 2019 |access-date=14 December 2020 |archive-date=27 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427223541/https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-leonhardskirche-oeffnet-nach-sanierung-wieder-11765613.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''Gründerzeit quarters'''

Around the city centre there are wide spread quarters full of [[Gründerzeit#Design and architecture|Gründerzeit architecture]]. Buildings of that typ often sport richly-decorated façades in the form of Historicism such as Gothic Revival, Renaissance Revival, German Renaissance and Baroque Revival.

<gallery mode="packed" >
  Textor-schweizer-ffm002.jpg|[[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]]
  Frankfurt, Beethovenstraße 71.jpg|[[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]]
  Frankfurt am Main - Nordend.JPG|[[Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)|Nordend]]
  Bergerstrasse-ffm066.jpg|[[Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bornheim]]
</gallery>

'''Timber framed old towns'''

Around the city center of Frankfurt are several former independent villages, now part of the city, with [[timber framed]] centres and even whole old towns like [[Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)|Höchst]], [[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]], [[Niederursel]] and [[Bergen-Enkheim]]. Overall there are around 14.500 buildings in Frankfurt built before 1919<ref name="zensus2011.de"/> and around 3.000 of them are [[timber framed]] houses.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gerner| first1=Manfred |title=Fachwerk in Frankfurt am Main |date=1979 |publisher=Frankfurter Sparkasse |location=Frankfurt am Main |isbn=3-7829-0217-3 |page=79}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" >
  Hoechster Altstadt September 2010 Pano 1.jpg|[[Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)|Höchst]] old town
  Town-hall-seckbach-hesse-2010-germany-b.jpg|[[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]] 
  Niederursel, Alt-Niederursel 29-31 (1).jpg|[[Niederursel]] 
  Bergerrathaus2.JPG|[[Bergen-Enkheim]]
</gallery>

===20th-century architecture===
*'''[[Frauenfriedenskirche]]''' and '''[[Holy Cross Church, Frankfurt-Bornheim|Holy Cross Church]]'''), both consecrated in 1929, are examples of early modernist church buildings during the time of the [[New Frankfurt]].
*'''[[Großmarkthalle]]''', built 1926–1928 as a part of the [[New Frankfurt]]-project, the former wholesale market hall was repaired after the second world war and integrated into the new [[seat of the European Central Bank]] between 2010 and 2014.
*'''[[Goethe House]]''', rebuilt 1947. The birthplace of [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] from 1749 was destroyed in World War II and then rebuilt true to the original.
*'''Junior-Haus''', built 1951, an example of early post-World War II architecture located at Kaiserplatz.
*'''Bayer-Haus''', built 1952, another example of early post-World War II architecture. 
*'''[[Museum für angewandte Kunst Frankfurt|Museum für angewandte Kunst]]''', built 1985, designed by [[Richard Meier]].
*'''[[IG Farben Building]]''' – Also known as '''Poelzig Building''' (''Poelzig-Bau'') after its architect [[Hans Poelzig]], it was built from 1928 to 1930 as the corporate headquarters of [[IG Farben|I.G. Farbenindustrie AG]]. It is located in the [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]] district and borders [[Grüneburgpark]] in the west. Upon its completion, the complex was the [[List of largest buildings in the world|largest office building]] in Europe and remained so until the 1950s. The building served as headquarters for research projects relating to the development of [[synthetic oil]] and [[synthetic rubber|rubber]] and the manufacturing of [[magnesium]], lubricating oil, explosives, [[methanol]], and [[Zyklon B]], the lethal gas used in [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camps]].<ref name="Robertson, Staun">{{cite web |url=http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/rz3a035//ZyklonB.html |title=Zyklon B Poison Gas |author=Robertson, Staun |work=A History of Jews in Hamburg |publisher=University of Hamburg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222023331/http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/rz3a035//police101.html |archive-date=22 February 2008}}</ref><ref name="Historical Frankfurt">{{cite web |url=http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/cms/tourismussuite/en/sightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main/sights_travel_guide/historic_sights/half-timbered_houses.html?haus_id=110217&resname=/en/sightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main/sights_travel_guide/historic_sights/index.html |title=Poelzig Building / Westend Campus |work=Historical Frankfurt |publisher=Tourismus+Congress GmbH |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929175832/http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/cms/tourismussuite/en/sightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main/sights_travel_guide/historic_sights/half-timbered_houses.html?haus_id=110217&resname=%2Fen%2Fsightseeing_frankfurt_rhine_main%2Fsights_travel_guide%2Fhistoric_sights%2Findex.html |archive-date=29 September 2011}}</ref> After World War II, it served as the headquarters for the [[Supreme Allied Commander|Supreme Allied Command]] and from 1949 to 1952 the High Commissioner for Germany (HICOG). It became the principal location for implementing the [[Marshall Plan]], which largely financed the post-war reconstruction of Europe. The state apparatus of the [[West Germany|Federal German Government]] was devised there. It served as the headquarters for the [[U.S. V Corps|US Army's V Corps]] and the Northern Area Command (NACOM) until 1995 when the US Army returned control of the IG Farben Building to the German government. It was purchased on behalf of the [[Goethe University Frankfurt]] by the state of [[Hesse]]. In October 2001 it became part of the Westend Campus of Goethe University.
{{wide image|IG Farben Gebaeude Uni Frankfurt.jpg|800px|[[IG Farben Building]], now the central lecture building of the Westend Campus of the Goethe University}}

===21st-century architecture===
[[File:The Squaire, Frankfurt am Main-1060.jpg|thumb|The Squaire in 2017]]
*'''Die Welle''' (''The Wave''), built 1998–2003, a complex of three wavelike-formed office buildings next to the Opernplatz.
*'''Alte Stadtbibliothek''', rebuilt 2003–2005, reconstruction of the old public library house originally built 1820–1825.
*'''[[Palais Thurn und Taxis]]''', rebuilt 2004–2009, reconstruction of a palace originally built 1731–1739.
*'''[[MyZeil]]''', built 2004–2009, shopping mall at the Zeil with an imposing vaulted glass-structure.
*'''[[The Squaire]]''' ([[portmanteau]] of ''square'' and ''air''), also known as '''Airrail Center Frankfurt''', is a {{cvt|660|m|2}} long and {{cvt|45|m|2}} tall office building located at [[Frankfurt Airport]]. It was built from 2006 to 2011 on top of an existing railway station ([[Frankfurt Airport long-distance station|Frankfurt Airport long distance Station]]) and has a connecting bridge to Terminal 1 for pedestrians. Its total of {{cvt|140000|m²|0}} rentable floor space makes it Germany's largest office building.

===Skyscrapers===
{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt}}
{{wide image|Frankfurt am Main Skyline (51395421615).jpg|800px|View of Frankfurt from the [[Taunus]]}}

Frankfurt is unique among German cities with regards to [[skyscraper]]s. Since the 1970s some of the tallest buildings in Germany have been built along the Mainzer Landstrasse. The [[Main Tower]] was completed in 1999 with its top floor skydeck and penthouse restaurant designed to be open to tourists.<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Georges Binder |title=Tall Buildings of Europe, Middle East and Africa |year=2006 |publisher= Images |isbn=9781876907815 |page=14}}</ref> Frankfurt hosts 20 out of Germany's 21 [[List of tallest buildings in Germany|skyscrapers]]. Most skyscrapers and high-rise office buildings are located in the financial district ([[Bankenviertel]]), around the trade fair premises ([[Europaviertel (Frankfurt)|Europaviertel]]) and at [[Mainzer Landstraße]] between Opernplatz and Platz der Republik, which connects the two areas.

The 20 skyscrapers are:
*'''[[Commerzbank Tower]]''', {{cvt|259.0|m|2}} – designed by [[Norman Foster]], when the tower was completed in 1997 it was the tallest building in Europe with 259 meters. It is still the tallest building in Frankfurt and constructed in steel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeout.com/frankfurt/things-to-do/most-beautiful-buildings-in-frankfurt |title=The 10 most beautiful buildings in Frankfurt |date=25 March 2018 |publisher=TimeOut}}</ref>
*'''[[Messeturm]]''', {{cvt|256.5|m|2}} – The EU's third-tallest building, the tallest building in Europe 1990–1997; main tenant is [[Goldman Sachs]] (Germany).
*'''[[Four (Frankfurt)|Four I]]''', {{cvt|233.0|m|2}} 
*'''[[Westend Tower]]''', {{cvt|208.0|m|2}} – [[DZ Bank]] headquarters 
*'''[[Main Tower]]''', {{cvt|200.0|m|2}} – [[Helaba|Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen]] and [[Standard & Poor's]] (Germany) headquarters 
*'''[[Tower 185]]''', {{cvt|200.0|m|2}} – [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]] (Germany) headquarters 
*''' ONE ''', {{cvt|191|m|2}}
*'''[[Omniturm]]''', {{cvt|190.0|m|2}}
*'''[[Trianon (Frankfurt am Main)|Trianon]]''', {{cvt|186.0|m|2}} – [[DekaBank]] headquarters 
*'''[[Seat of the European Central Bank]]''', {{cvt|185.0|m|2}} – [[European Central Bank]] headquarters 
*'''[[Grand Tower (Frankfurt am Main)|Grand Tower]]''', {{cvt|179.9|m|2}} – Tallest residential tower
*'''[[Four (Frankfurt)|Four I]]''', {{cvt|179.0|m|2}} – Residential tower
*'''[[Opernturm]]''', {{cvt|170.0|m|2}} – [[UBS]] (Germany) headquarters 
*'''[[Taunusturm]]''', {{cvt|170.0|m|2}}
*'''[[Silberturm]]''', {{cvt|166.3|m|2}} – Germany's tallest building 1978–1990, Main tenant is [[Deutsche Bahn]].
*'''[[Westend Gate]]''', {{cvt|159.3|m|2}} – Germany's tallest building 1976–1978, Main tenant is [[Marriott International|Marriott]] Frankfurt Hotel.
*'''[[Deutsche Bank Twin Towers|Deutsche Bank I]]''', {{cvt|155.0|m|2}} – [[Deutsche Bank]] headquarters 
*'''[[Deutsche Bank Twin Towers|Deutsche Bank II]]''', {{cvt|155.0|m|2}} 
*'''[[Marienturm]]''', {{cvt|155.0|m|2}}
*'''[[Skyper]]''', {{cvt|153.8|m|2}} – Main tenant is DekaBank.

Other high-rise buildings include:
*'''[[Eurotower (Frankfurt)|Eurotower]]''', {{cvt|148.0|m|2}} – [[European Central Bank|Former European Central Bank headquarters]] 
*'''One Forty West''', {{cvt|145|m|2}} – [[Meliá Hotels International]], Residential
*'''[[Frankfurter Büro Center]]''', {{cvt|142.4|m|2}} – Main tenant is [[Clifford Chance]] (Germany).
*'''[[City-Haus]]''', {{cvt|142.1|m|2}} – Main tenant is DZ Bank.
*'''[[Gallileo (skyscraper)|Gallileo]]''', {{cvt|136.0|m|2}} – Main tenant is Commerzbank.

{{Panorama
|image   = Frankfurt Skyline Pano.Südwest.20130618.jpg
|height  = 250px
|width   = 
|alt     = Frankfurt skyline in June 2013, view from south-west
|caption = Frankfurt skyline in June 2013, view from south-west
|dir     = 
|align   = center
}}

===History of high-rise buildings===
{{see also|List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt}}
[[File:Skyline-sued-ffm002 henninger turm.jpg|thumb|right|The original Henninger Turm in 2007]]
[[File:Frankfurt Skyline (16259801511).jpg|thumb|upright=1.00|Skyline at dusk, seen from Deutschherrnbrücke (2014)]]
For centuries, [[Frankfurt Cathedral|St. Bartholomeus's Cathedral]] was the tallest structure. The first building to exceed the 95-meter-high cathedral was not an office building but a [[grain silo]] {{cvt|120|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} high.{{citation needed||date=March 2025}} The [[Henninger Turm]] was opened in the 1960s and the silo was topped by a [[revolving restaurant]] designed to be a landmark. The Henninger Turm was extensively refurbished and is now a residential high-rise.<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=Meixner Schlueter Wendt |title=Henninger Turm Frankfurt am Main |url=https://www.meixner-schlueter-wendt.de/en/projects/henninger-turm/ |date=2018}}</ref>

The first high-rise building boom came in the 1970s when [[Westend Gate]] (then called ''Plaza Büro Center'') and [[Silberturm]] were constructed and became the tallest buildings in Germany with a height of 159.3 meters and 166.3 meters, respectively. Around the same time, [[Frankfurter Büro Center]] and [[City-Haus]] (142.4 meters and 142.1 meters) were constructed at Mainzer Landstraße and [[Eurotower (Frankfurt)|Eurotower]] (148.0 meters) and [[Garden Tower]] (127.0 meters; then called ''Helaba-Hochhaus'') were constructed in the financial district.

None of the buildings constructed during the 1980s surpassed Silberturm. The most famous buildings from this decade are the [[Deutsche Bank Twin Towers]] at Taunusanlage, both 155.0 meters tall.

The 1990s featured a second wave. [[Messeturm]], built on the trade fair site, reached a height of {{convert|256.5|m|sp=us}} and became the tallest building in Europe by 1991. It was overtaken by the {{cvt|259|m|ft|adj=mid|-high|sp=us}} [[Commerzbank Tower]] in 1997. Other tall buildings from this decade are [[Westendstrasse 1]] ({{convert|208|m|sp=us}}), [[Main Tower]] ({{convert|200|m|sp=us}}) and [[Trianon (Frankfurt am Main)|Trianon]] ({{convert|186|m|sp=us}}).

In 21st-century Frankfurt, more high-rise buildings and skyscrapers (e.g., [[Skyper]], [[Opernturm]], [[Tower 185]], [[Seat of the European Central Bank]], [[Taunusturm]]) emerged, but none have surpassed Commerzbank Tower.

===Other tall structures===
[[File:Europaturm Abend.jpg|thumb|right|Top of the [[Europaturm]], a {{cvt|337|m|ft}} communications tower]]
*'''[[Europaturm]] —''' The Europe Tower is a [[Radio masts and towers|telecommunications tower]], also known as the Frankfurt TV Tower, built from 1974 to 1979. With a height of 337.5 meters it is the tallest tower and the second tallest structure in Germany after the [[Fernsehturm Berlin]]. It was open to the public until 1999, with an entertainment establishment in the revolving top. It is normally referred to by locals as the "Ginnheimer Spargel" (''Ginnheim Asparagus''), but stands a few meters within [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bockenheim]] district.
*'''[[Henninger Turm]] —''' The Henninger Tower was a 120-mete-high [[grain silo]] built from 1959 to 1961 and owned by [[Henninger Brewery]]. It was the highest structure until 1974. The Henninger Tower had two rotating restaurants at the height of 101 and 106 meters and an open-air observation deck at the height of 110 meters. The tower closed to the public in October 2002 and was demolished in 2013 to be replaced by a 140&nbsp;m (459&nbsp;ft) tall residential tower, which is externally inspired by the old Henninger Turm. The cornerstone for this project was laid in June 2014 and construction was completed in summer 2017. The new tower offers 207 luxury flats<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.baunetz.de/meldungen/Meldungen-Baubeginn_fuer_Henninger-Turm_in_Frankfurt_3947903.html |title=Transformation des Bestands – Baubeginn für Henninger-Turm in Frankfurt |date=27 June 2014 |access-date=14 December 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417234649/https://www.baunetz.de/meldungen/Meldungen-Baubeginn_fuer_Henninger-Turm_in_Frankfurt_3947903.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and houses the non-rotating restaurant "Franziska". From 1962 to 2008 a famous yearly [[Road bicycle racing|cycling race]] was named after the tower, the "Radrennen Rund um den Henninger Turm" (''Cycling race around Henninger Tower''). The now-renamed race is still a yearly event.
*'''[[Goethe Tower|Goetheturm]] –''' The Goethe Tower was a {{cvt|43|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} tower on the northern edge of the [[Frankfurt City Forest]] in [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]]. It was the fifth tallest wood construction structure in Germany. It was built in 1931 and was a popular place for day-trippers until it burned down in 2017. A faithful reconstruction has been opened to the public on 12 October 2020, exactly three years after the original's destruction.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hessenschau.de/panorama/der-neue-goetheturm-wird-ganz-wie-der-alte,goetheturm-wiederaufbau-100.html |title=Der neue Goetheturm wird ganz wie der alte |date=3 November 2017 |publisher=Hessenschau |access-date=17 November 2017 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118195740/http://www.hessenschau.de/panorama/der-neue-goetheturm-wird-ganz-wie-der-alte,goetheturm-wiederaufbau-100.html |archive-date=18 November 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Shopping streets===
[[File:Frankfurt Am Main-Zeil-Ansicht vom Maintower am fruehen Abend-20110328.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Zeil]], Frankfurt's central shopping street]]
*'''[[Zeil]]''' – Frankfurt's central shopping street is a mile long and has been a shopping destination for more than a century. Only the western half of Zeil is pedestrianized. [[MyZeil]] is a stereotypical shopping mall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/insider-guide-frankfurt/index.html |author=Joe Yogerst |title=Visiting Frankfurt? Insiders share tips |publisher=CNN Travel|date=25 March 2017}}</ref> Three more shopping malls occupy the Zeil: UpperZeil (replacing the [[Zeilgalerie]], which was demolished in 2016), [[Metro AG|Galeria Kaufhof]] and [[Arcandor|Karstadt]], as well as large fashion retail clothing stores from [[Peek & Cloppenburg]] and [[C&A]]. During the month before Christmas, the extended pedestrian-only zone is host to [[Frankfurt Christmas Market]], one of the largest and oldest Christmas markets in Germany. Zeil is bordered by two large public squares, [[Hauptwache (Frankfurt am Main)|Hauptwache]] in the west and [[Konstablerwache]] in the east. It is the second most expensive street for shops to rent in Germany after the [[Kaufingerstraße]] in Munich. 85 percent of the shops are retail chains such as [[H&M]], [[Saturn (store)|Saturn]], [[Esprit Holdings|Esprit]], [[Zara (retailer)|Zara]] or [[NewYorker]]. 
*'''[[Goethestraße]]''' – Frankfurt's shopping destination for prestigious luxury shops like [[Louis Vuitton]], [[Prada]], [[Gucci]], [[Tiffany & Co.|Tiffany]], [[Giorgio Armani]], [[Versace]], [[Cartier SA|Cartier]], [[Burberry]], [[Vertu]] and [[Bulgari]].
*'''[[Freßgass]]''' – (officially ''Kalbächer Gasse'' and ''Große Bockenheimer Straße'') is a central pedestrian-only street section between Börsenstraße and Opernplatz. The name translates as "feeding alley" because of its high concentration of gastronomy, but lately prestigious shops (e.g., [[Apple Store]], [[Hugo Boss]], [[Porsche Design Group|Porsche Design]]) have moved here due to the lack of space in the neighboring [[Goethestraße]], displacing old, established restaurants, butchers and delicatessens.
*'''Berger Straße''' – Frankfurt's longest shopping street. It starts in the city center, runs through [[Nordend, Frankfurt|Nordend]] and [[Bornheim (Frankfurt)|Bornheim]] and ends in [[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]]. The street is less crowded than the Zeil and offers a greater variety of smaller shops, restaurants and cafés.
*'''Leipziger Straße''' – Central shopping street in the Bockenheim district starting at Bockenheimer Warte going towards West. High density of shops for daily needs. 
*'''Braubachstraße''' – In the [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] district, close to the historic sites of the city, offers a large variety of art galleries, second-hand bookshops and antique shops.
*'''Münchener Straße''' – In the [[Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)|Bahnhofsviertel]] district, located between the central station and Willy-Brandt-Platz, is the most multicultural shopping street with many shops selling imported products mainly from Turkey, the Middle East and Asia.
*'''Kleinmarkthalle''' – (literally: ''Small Market Hall'') is a market hall close to Konstablerwache square offering fresh food and flowers. In addition to regional delicacies like [[green sauce]] imported goods are offered. The Kleinmarkthalle is the largest public marketplace in Frankfurt.
{{multiple image
| align = center
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Fressgass Ffm April 2011 EVA 8761.jpg
| width1 = 352
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = Sidewalk cafés at [[Freßgass|Fressgass]]
| image2 = MyZeil Frankfurt Nacht.jpg
| width2 = 312
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = Shopping mall [[MyZeil]]
| image3 = Goethestrasse Rothofstrasse Ffm.jpg
| width3 = 350
| alt3 = 
| caption3 = Luxury shopping at [[Goethestraße]]
}}

===Green city===
[[File:FFM_Jacobiweiher_Uferblick_von_NO_1.jpg|thumb|[[Frankfurt City Forest]]]]
With a large forest, many parks, the Main riverbanks and the two botanical gardens, Frankfurt is considered a "green city": More than 50 percent of the area within the city limits are protected green areas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=2855&_ffmpar&#91;_id_inhalt&#93;=7187755 |title=Auf dem Weg zur Green City |publisher=Frankfurt.de |access-date=4 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927124027/https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=2855&_ffmpar%255B_id_inhalt%255D=7187755 |archive-date=27 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

*'''Frankfurter Grüngürtel''' – The Green Belt is a ring-shaped public green space around the city. With 8,000 [[Hectare|ha]] it covers a third of the administrative area. It includes the Frankfurter Stadtwald (''[[Frankfurt City Forest]]'', Germany's largest forest within a city), the Schwanheimer Düne (''[[Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Schwanheim]] [[Dune]]''), the Niddatal (''[[Nidda (river)|Nidda]] [[Valley]]''), the Niddapark, the Lohrberg (''Lohr Mountain'', Frankfurt's only [[vineyard]]), the Huthpark, the Enkheimer Ried (''[[Frankfurt-Bergen-Enkheim|Enkheim]] [[Marsh]]''), the Seckbacher Ried (''[[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]] [[Marsh]]'') and the Fechenheimer Mainbogen (a S-shaped part of the [[Main (river)|Main]] river in [[Fechenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Fechenheim]]). The Green Belt is a [[protected area]] which means that housing is not allowed. The Green Belt was formally created in 1991 with its own constitution.
*'''Mainuferpark''' – The Mainuferpark (''Main Riverbanks Park'') is the common term to describe the inner-city Main riverbanks. It is an auto-free zone with large green areas that is popular with strollers and tourists, especially in the summertime, when it can become crowded. The southern riverbank, which continues further to [[Offenbach am Main]] and [[Hanau]], offers the best skyline views. The northern riverbank ends in the west at the former Westhafen (''West Harbor'', a residential housing area) and is growing to the east: A former industrial-used area between the new [[Seat of the European Central Bank]] and the Osthafen (''East Harbor'') has become a park named Hafenpark (''Harbor Park''), which offers outdoor courts for basketball, soccer and a skatepark.
*'''Wallanlagen''' – The [[Wallanlagen]] (former ''[[Defensive wall|ramparts]]'') relate to the former ring-shaped [[Defensive wall|city wall fortifications]] around the [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] and the [[Innenstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Innenstadt]] district (abolished 1804–1812), now a series of parks. Building is not allowed, with a few exceptions, the most famous being the [[Alte Oper]] (built 1880) at the Opernplatz. The part between the northern Main riverbank and the Opernplatz, referred to officially as Taunusanlage and Gallusanlage, is locally known as "Central Park" (a reference to the [[Central Park|famous park]] in [[Manhattan]]), because of the skyscrapers which stand on both sides.
*'''Nizza Park''' – At the juncture of the northern Main riverbank and the Wallanlagen is a famous small park called Nizza. The name of the park recalls [[Nice]] in southern France, because it is one of the warmest areas with a nearly [[mediterranean climate]]. Numerous [[Mediterranean flora]] grow there and can survive outside during the winter.
*'''Garten des Himmlischen Friedens''' – "Garden of Heavenly Peace", named after the [[Tiananmen Square|Tiananmen Gate]] in Beijing, is a Chinese-styled park in the [[Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)|Nordend]] district and part of the larger Bethmannpark. It contains Chinese buildings, with building materials imported from China and built by Chinese workers in the 1980s. Hosts traditional Chinese plants and herbs.
*'''Other parks''' – The largest parks are the Niddapark (168 ha), the Ostpark (32 ha) and the [[Grüneburgpark]] (29 ha).

==Culture==
===Museums===
{{main|Museumsufer}}
[[File:FrankfurtM Staedel.jpg|thumb|The [[Städel]]]]
[[File:Frankfurt Am Main-Senckenberg Naturmuseum von Osten-20120325.jpg|thumb|[[Naturmuseum Senckenberg|Senckenberg Natural History Museum]]]]

With more than 30 museums, Frankfurt has one of the largest variety of museums in Europe. Most museums are part of the [[Museumsufer]], located on the front row of both sides of the [[Main (river)|Main]] riverbank or nearby, which was created on an initiative by cultural politician [[Hilmar Hoffmann]].<ref name="Museumsufer Frankfurt">{{cite web | title=Museumsufer Frankfurt | website=Museumsufer Frankfurt | url=https://www.museumsufer.de/en/ | access-date=21 December 2022 | archive-date=21 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221093747/https://www.museumsufer.de/en/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

Ten museums are located on the southern riverbank in [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]] between the Eiserner Steg and the Friedensbrücke. The street itself, [[Schaumainkai]], is partially closed to traffic on Saturdays for Frankfurt's largest [[flea market]].
* [[German Architecture Museum|Deutsches Architekturmuseum]] (German Architecture Museum)
* {{ill|German Film Museum|de|Deutsches Filmmuseum}} (Deutsches Filmmuseum){{efn|Not to be confused with the [[Deutsche Kinemathek – Museum für Film und Fernsehen]] in [[Berlin]].}}
* [[Deutsches Romantik-Museum]]
* Frankfurter Ikonenmuseum (Icon Museum Frankfurt)
* [[Liebieghaus]] (Museum of sculptures)
* [[Museum Angewandte Kunst]] (Museum of Applied Arts)
* [[Museum Giersch]] (Museum for Regional Art)
* [[Museum für Kommunikation Frankfurt|Museum für Kommunikation]] (Museum of Communications)
* [[Museum der Weltkulturen]] (Museum of World Cultures)
* [[Städel]], one of the most famous art museums in Germany
* [[Museum of Modern Electronic Music|Museum für elektronische Musik]] (Museum of Modern Electronic Music) 
* Bibelhaus Erlebnis Museum (Bible House Experience Museum)

Two museums are located on the northern riverbank:
*[[Jewish Museum Frankfurt|Jüdisches Museum Frankfurt]] (Jewish Museum Frankfurt)
*[[Historical museum, Frankfurt|Historisches Museum Frankfurt]] (Historical Museum Frankfurt)

Not directly located on the northern riverbank in the [[Altstadt (Frankfurt am Main)|Altstadt]] district are:
*[[Museum für Moderne Kunst]] (Museum of Modern Art)
*[[Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt]] (Schirn Art Gallery Frankfurt)
*[[Frankfurter Kunstverein]] (Art Association Frankfurt)
*[[Frankfurter Judengasse|Museum Judengasse]] (Jews' Alley Museum)
*[[Goethe House|Goethe-Haus]] (Goethe House)
*Archäologisches Museum Frankfurt (Archaeological Museum Frankfurt)
*[[Caricatura Museum Frankfurt|Caricatura Museum für Komische Kunst]] (Caricatura Museum of Comic Art)
*Dommuseum Frankfurt (Frankfurt Cathedral Museum)

Another important museum is located in the [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]] district:
*[[Naturmuseum Senckenberg]] (Senckenberg Natural History Museum), the second-largest [[natural history]] museum in Germany

Other museums are the Dialogmuseum (Dialogue Museum) in the [[Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)|Ostend]] district, [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] Museum at [[Waldstadion (Frankfurt)|Deutsche Bank Park]], the Frankfurter Feldbahnmuseum (Light Railway Museum Frankfurt) in the [[Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)|Gallus]] district, the Verkehrsmuseum Frankfurt (Transport Museum Frankfurt) in the [[Schwanheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Schwanheim]] district, the Hammer Museum in the [[Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)|Bahnhofsviertel]] district and the Geldmuseum der Deutschen Bundesbank (Money Museum of the German Federal Bank) in the [[Ginnheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Ginnheim]] district.
The Explora Museum+Wissenschaft+Technik (Explora Museum of Science and Engineering) in the [[Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)|Nordend]] district was closed in 2016. Most museums open around 10:00 am local time, and it is possible to comfortably visit four museums in one day, a fact many tourists take advantage of.

===Performing arts===
====Music====
[[Eurodance]] and [[Trance music]] originated in Frankfurt. In 1989 German producers Michael Münzing and Luca Anzilotti (under the pseudonyms Benito Benites and John "Virgo" Garrett III) formed the [[Snap!]] project. Snap! songs combined [[Hip hop music|Rap]] and [[Soul music|Soul]] vocals adding rhythm by using computer technology and mixing electronic sounds, bass and drums. By doing so a new genre was born: Eurodance.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Neue Ehrlichkeit. Mit Tanzmusik aus dem Computer feign zwei Frankfurter Klangbastler weltweit Erfolge. |url=http://magazin.spiegel.de/EpubDelivery/spiegel/pdf/13683412 |format=PDF |newspaper=Der Spiegel |page=268 |location=Hamburg |language=DE |date=3 October 1994 |access-date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307191049/http://magazin.spiegel.de/EpubDelivery/spiegel/pdf/13683412 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the early 1990s, DJs including [[Sven Väth]] and DJ DAG (of [[Dance 2 Trance]]) first played a harder, deeper style of [[acid house]] that became popular worldwide over the next decade as Trance music. Some of the early and most influential Eurodance, Trance and [[Techno music|Techno]] acts, e.g., [[La Bouche]], [[Jam and Spoon]], [[Magic Affair]], [[Culture Beat]], [[Snap!]], [[Dance 2 Trance]], [[Oliver Lieb]] and [[Hardfloor]], and record labels such as [[Harthouse]] and [[Eye Q (record label)|Eye Q]], were based in the city in the early 1990s.

====Venues====
[[File:Festhalle-Frankfurt-am-Main-2.jpg|thumb|[[Festhalle Frankfurt]]]]
[[File:The English Theatre Ffm DSC 0808.jpg|thumb|The English Theatre]]
*'''[[Oper Frankfurt]]''' – A leading Germany opera company and one of Europe's most important. It was elected ''[[Opera house of the year]]'' (of Germany, Austria and German-speaking Switzerland) by German magazine [[Opernwelt]] several times. It was also elected ''Best opera house in Germany'' in 2010 and 2011. Its orchestra was voted ''Orchestra of the year'' in 2009, 2010 and 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kultiversum.de/Musik-Aktuell/Kritikerumfrage-von-Opernwelt.html |title=Opernwelt Pressemitteilung |publisher=Kultiversum.de |access-date=5 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006173728/http://www.kultiversum.de/Musik-Aktuell/Kritikerumfrage-von-Opernwelt.html |archive-date=6 October 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is part of the Double System [[Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt]].
*'''[[Schauspiel Frankfurt]]''' – Theater at [[Willy-Brandt-Platz]] in the financial district, next to the Frankfurt Opera in the Double System Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt.
*'''[[Festhalle Frankfurt]]''' – Multi-purpose hall next to the [[Messeturm]] at the grounds of the [[Frankfurt Trade Fair]]. It is mostly used for concerts, exhibitions or sport events and can accommodate up to 13,500.
*'''[[Waldstadion (Frankfurt)|Deutsche Bank Park]]''' – Frankfurt's largest sports stadium and the seventh largest in Germany. It is located in the [[Frankfurt City Forest]] near [[Niederrad]]. It is primarily used for soccer and concerts with a capacity up to 58,000. It opened in 1925 and underwent several major reconstructions. Locals still prefer to call the stadium by its traditional name, '''Waldstadion''' (''Forest Stadium''). Home to [[Eintracht Frankfurt]].
*'''[[Alte Oper]]''' – A major concert hall. Venue of the [[Frankfurt Radio Symphony]] ({{langx|de|hr-Sinfonieorchester|link=no}}), the [[radio orchestra]] of the [[Hessischer Rundfunk]] and the [[Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester]].
*'''[[hr-Sendesaal]]''' – Venue of the Frankfurt Radio Symphony.
*'''Jahrhunderthalle''' – ''Century Hall'' is a large concert and exhibition hall in [[Unterliederbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Unterliederbach]] district. Sometimes referred to as "Jahrhunderthalle Höchst", because it was built to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the chemical company [[Hoechst AG]] in 1963.
*'''The English Theatre''' – Located on the ground floor of the [[Gallileo (skyscraper)|Gallileo]] high-rise building, this is the largest English theater in continental Europe. It was established in 1979.
*'''Tigerpalast''' – ''Tiger Palace'' is a [[varieté]] near the Zeil. It was established in 1988 and houses the famous Tiger-Restaurant which was awarded a [[Michelin Guide|Michelin star]].
*'''Künstlerhaus Mousonturm''' – ''House of Artists Mouson Tower'' has a smaller budget than traditional theaters and uses more unconventional performing methods. It is located in an old factory in the [[Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)|Ostend]] district.
*'''Die Schmiere''' – ''The Grease'' is a [[cabaret]] operational since 1950 focusing on satire.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Die Schmiere "Audience for Satire" | publisher =cityseeker City Guide | access-date=25 March 2025 | url =https://cityseeker.com/frankfurt-am-main/89629-die-schmiere }}</ref>
*'''Die Komödie''' – ''The Comedy'' is a [[boulevard theatre (aesthetic)|boulevard theater]] near downtown Frankfurt's Willy-Brandt-Platz.

=== Botanical gardens ===
[[File: Gewaechshaus palmengarten frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right| Greenhouse in the Palmengarten]]
Frankfurt is home to two major botanical gardens:
* [[Palmengarten]] is located in the [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]] district and is Hesse's largest botanical garden, covering {{cvt|22|ha|acre}}. It opened to the public in 1871.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Claire |date=2021-09-01 |title=Portrait of a park: the serene splendours of Frankfurt's Palmengarten |url=https://www.ft.com/content/564f55ce-75d8-4159-b380-082ab1075946 |access-date=2025-05-07 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> Designed by the architect Heinrich Siesmayer the botanical exhibits in free-air or in greenhouses include [[agave]], [[succulents]] and [[azaleas]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.housebeautiful.com/design-inspiration/g39411327/most-beautiful-greenhouses/ |title=The Most Beautiful Greenhouses to Visit Across the Globe |author= Mary Elizabeth Andriotis |publisher=housebeautiful.com |date=11 March 2022 }}</ref>

* [[Botanischer Garten der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main|Botanischer Garten der Goethe-Universität]] is [[arboretum]]. It contains about 5,000 [[species]], with special collections of ''[[Rubus]]'' (45 species) and indigenous plants of central Europe. It is organized into two major areas: The [[geobotany|geobotanical]] area contains an [[alpine garden]], [[arboretum]], [[meadow]]s, [[steppe]]s, [[marsh]], and a pond, as well as collections of plants from the [[Canary Islands]], [[Caucasus]], East Asia, [[Mediterranean]], and North America and the systematic and ecological collection includes crop plants, [[endangered species]], ornamental plants, [[rose]]s, and the ''Neuer Senckenbergischer Arzneipflanzengarten'' (New Senckenberg Medicinal Plant Garden), which measures {{cvt|1200|m2|ft2}}. The Botanical Garden, Palmengarten, [[Grüneburgpark]] collectively form the largest inner-city green area.

===Foreign culture===
*'''[[Instituto Cervantes]]''' – Named after [[Miguel de Cervantes]], one of the most important Spanish authors, this is the world's largest organization for promoting the study and teaching of Spanish language and culture. 54 such Centros Cervantes across the world offer Spanish language and history courses. The Frankfurt branch was officially opened in September 2008 by [[Felipe VI of Spain|Felipe, Prince of Asturias]] and his wife [[Letizia of Spain|Letizia, Princess of Asturias]]. It is located in the so-called ''Amerika-Haus''.
*'''[[Institut Français]]''' – A French public industrial and commercial organization (EPIC), started in 1907 by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for promoting French, francophone as well as local cultures around the world. The French Institute works closely with the French cultural network abroad consisting of more than 150 branches and nearly 1,000 branches of the [[Alliance française]] around the world.
*'''[[Istituto Italiano di Cultura]]''' – A worldwide non-profit organization created by the Italian government. It promotes Italian culture and is involved in the teaching of the Italian language; there are 83 Italian Cultural Institutes throughout major cities around the world.
*'''[[Confucius Institute]]''' – A non-profit public educational organization affiliated with the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, whose aim is to promote Chinese language and culture, support local Chinese teaching internationally, and facilitate cultural exchanges. There are over 480 Confucius Institutes worldwide.
*'''[[Central and Eastern European Online Library]]''' – CEEOL is an online archive providing access to full-text articles from humanities and social science scholarly journals on Central, Eastern and South-Eastern European topics. Subject areas include anthropology, culture and society, economy, gender studies, history, Judaic studies, fine arts, literature, linguistics, political sciences and social sciences, philosophy and religion. CEEOL is operated by Questa.Soft GmbH.

===Festivals===
[[File:Museumsuferfest 2005 - Riesenrad.jpg|thumb|The Museumsuferfest in 2005]]
*'''Museumsuferfest''' – ''Museums Riverbank Festival'' is one of Germany's biggest cultural festivals, attracting more than 3 million visitors over three days at the end of August along the [[Main (river)|Main]] riverbank downtown. The 20 museums there open far into the night. It offers live music, dance shows, booths for crafts, jewelry, clothes and food stands from around the world. 
*'''Dippemess''' – Frankfurt's oldest folk festival is the ''Festival of Stoneware'', which takes place semi-annually around Easter and the end of September in the eastern area. "Dippe" is a regional [[Hessian dialects|Hessian dialect]] word meaning "pot" or "jar" which would not be understood in most other German regions. Mentioned for the first time in the 14th century as an annual marketplace it is now more of an amusement park. The name of the festival derives from its original purpose when it was a fair where traditionally crafted jars, pots and other stoneware were on offer.
[[File:Luminale 2012 - OVO.jpg|thumb|"OVO" at Luminale 2012]]
*'''Luminale''' — The "festival of light" has taken place biannually since 2000, parallel to the ''Light + building'' exhibition at the trade fair. Many buildings are specially lit for the event. In 2008, more than 220 light installations could be seen, attracting 100,000 visitors.
*'''Wäldchestag''' – ''Day of the forest'' is known as a regional holiday because until the 1990s it was common that Frankfurt's shops were closed on this day. The festival takes place over four days after [[Pentecost]] with the formal Wäldchestag on Tuesday. Its unique location is in the [[Frankfurt City Forest]], south-west of downtown in [[Niederrad]]. "Wäldches" is a regional dialect of the German word "Wäldchen", meaning "small forest".
*'''Nacht der Museen''' – ''Night of the museums'' takes place every year in April or May. 50 museums in Frankfurt and in the neighboring city of [[Offenbach am Main]] are open until 2:00&nbsp;am surrounded by special music events, dance performances, readings and guided tours. A free shuttle operates between the museums. In 2010, approximately 40,000 visitors attended.
*'''Nacht der Clubs''' – ''Night of the clubs'' is an event similar to Nacht der Museen: On one night as many as 20 clubs can be visited with a single ticket for €12. Usually, club-door policies are loosened to attract new customers. A free shuttle runs between the clubs. 15,000 people participated in 2008.
*'''Wolkenkratzer Festival''' — The ''Skyscraper Festival'' is unique in Germany. It takes place irregularly, lately in May 2013, and attracted around 1.2 million visitors. For two days most skyscrapers are open to the public. Sky-divers, base jumpers, fireworks and laser shows are extra attractions.

===Nightlife===
Frankfurt offers a variety of restaurants, bars, pubs and clubs. Clubs concentrate in and around downtownand in the [[Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)|Ostend]] district, mainly close to Hanauer Landstraße. Restaurants, bars and pubs concentrate in [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]], [[Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)|Nordend]], [[Bornheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bornheim]] and [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bockenheim]].

In [[electronic music]], Frankfurt was a pioneering city in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with renowned DJs including [[Sven Väth]], [[Marc Trauner]], [[Scot Project]] and [[Kai Tracid]]. One of the main venues of the early [[Trance music]] sound was the [[:de:Omen (Frankfurt am Main)|Omen nightclub]] from 1988 to 1998. Another popular disco club of the 1980s–1990s and a hotspot for Techno/Trance music was the [[Dorian Gray (club)|Dorian Gray]], which was located within Terminal 1 at Frankfurt Airport from 1978 to 2000. Further popular venues were the [[:de:U60311|U60311]] (1998–2012) and the [[Cocoon (club)|Coocoon Club]] in [[Fechenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Fechenheim]] (2004–2012). Notable live music venues of the past include the [[:de:Sinkkasten (Frankfurt am Main)|Sinkkasten Arts Club]] (1971–2011) and the [[:de:King Kamehameha Club|King Kamehameha Club]] (1999–2013).

Among the most popular active rock and pop concert venues is the [[Batschkapp]] in [[Seckbach (Frankfurt am Main)|Seckbach]], which opened in 1976 as a center for autonomous and left-wing counterculture.

===Domestic culture===
[[File:Frankfurter-kueche-vienna.JPG|thumb|upright|A [[Frankfurt kitchen]] in the version of 1926 in an Austrian museum]]
* [[Frankfurt kitchen]] – Designed originally in 1926 by [[Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky]] this kitchen is now recognized as one of the most influential designs in history and was [[Mass production|mass produced]]. In 1920s [[Weimar republic]] Germany 10,000 modules of the Frankfurt kitchen where produced in Frankfurt.<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Samantha L. Martin-McAuliffe |title=Food and Architecture: At The Table |date=2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781472520210 |page=108}}</ref>
* Frankfurt cupboard – The Baroque Frankfurt-style cupboards were used to store the family linen, one of them by Goethe's father, who took one cupboard to Rome. The most luxurious versions have wave-shaped parts, some are made of solid cherry wood inlaid with plumwood.

===Culinary specialties===
{{See also|Hessian cuisine}}
[[File:Apfelwein Geripptes Bembel.jpg|thumb|"Bembel" (jug) and "Geripptes" (glass)]]
[[File:Frankfurter wuerstchen.jpg|thumb|right|Original ''Frankfurter Würstchen'' served with [[potato salad]]]]
*[[Apfelwein]] – ''Apple wine'' or ''hard cider'' is regionally known as "Ebbelwoi", "Äppler" or "Stöffsche". It has an alcohol content of 5.5%–7% and a tart, sour taste. It is traditionally served in a glass, typically decorated with lozenges, called "Geripptes", a full glass is then called "Schoppen". Apfelwein is also available in a stoneware jar locally known as "Bembel". A group normally orders a "Bembel" and shares the contents. Apfelwein can be ordered as "sauergespritzer", which is apfelwein blended with 30% mineral water or as "süssgespritzer", which is Apfelwein blended with lemon soda, orange soda or fresh-pressed apple juice (lemon soda being the most common). Most of the pubs which serve Apfelwein are located in [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]], which is therefore known as "Ebbelwoi district". Due to its national drink Frankfurt is sometimes called "Big Ebbel" (pronunciation with [[Hessian dialects|Hessian dialect]]), an homage to [[Big Apple]], the famous nickname of New York City.
*[[Green sauce#German Grüne Soße|Grüne Soße]] – ''Green sauce'' is a sauce made with hard-boiled eggs, oil, vinegar, salt and a generous amount of seven fresh herbs, namely borage, sorrel, garden cress, chervil, chives, parsley and salad burnet. Variants, often due to seasonal availability include dill, lovage, lemon balm and spinach. Original green sauce Frankfurt-style is made of herbs that were gathered only on fields within the city limits.
*[[Frankfurter Würstchen]] – "short Frankfurter" is a small [[sausage]] made of smoked pork. They are similar to [[hot dog]]s. The name Frankfurter Würstchen has been trademarked since 1860.
*[[Frankfurter Rindswurst]] – Sausage made of pure beef.
*[[Frankfurter Rippchen]] – Also known as Rippchen mit Kraut, this is a traditional dish which consists of cured pork cutlets, slowly heated in [[sauerkraut]] or meat broth, and usually served with sauerkraut, mashed potatoes and yellow mustard.
*[[Handkäse|Handkäs mit Musik]] – German regional [[sour milk cheese]] (similar to [[Harzer]]) and a culinary specialty in the [[Frankfurt Rhine-Main|Rhine Main Region]]. The traditional way of producing it is by hand. When it is topped with chopped onions it becomes "Handkäs mit Musik" (with music) because the onions are supposed to stimulate flatulence.
*[[Frankfurter Kranz]] – Cake speciality believed to originate from Frankfurt.
*[[Bethmännchen]] – "A little Bethmann" is a pastry made from marzipan with almond, powdered sugar, rosewater, flour, and egg. It is usually baked for Christmas.

==Quality of life==
In a 2001 ranking by the [[University of Liverpool]], Frankfurt was rated the richest city in Europe by [[GDP per capita]], followed by [[Karlsruhe]], Paris and [[Munich]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Swift|first=Nick|title=European cities outperform their English counterparts|url=http://www.citymayors.com/business/eurocities_gdp.html|date=3 February 2004|website=City Mayors|archive-date=20 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620075821/http://www.citymayors.com/business/eurocities_gdp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Frankfurt was voted the seventh in the [[World's most livable cities|Mercer Quality of Living Survey]] by the Mercer Quality of Living Survey (2012),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.knightfrank.com/wealthreport/2011/global-cities-survey/ |title=Global Cities Survey 2011 |publisher=Knightfrank.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102042444/http://www.knightfrank.com/wealthreport/2011/global-cities-survey/ |archive-date=2 November 2012}}</ref> seventh in the Mercer Quality of Living Survey (2010) and 18th at the [[Economist Intelligence Unit|Economist's]] World's Most Liveable Cities Survey (2011).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fr-online.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-ist-die-zweitattraktivste-stadt-deutschlands,1472798,9894738.html |title=FR-Online: Frankfurt ist zweitattraktivste Stadt Deutschlands |language=de |publisher=Fr-online.de |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128101509/http://www.fr-online.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-ist-die-zweitattraktivste-stadt-deutschlands,1472798,9894738.html |archive-date=28 January 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> According to an annual citizen survey (2010), arranged by the city council, 66 percent inhabitants are satisfied or highly satisfied with the city, while only 6 percent said that they are dissatisfied. Compared to the 1993's survey the number of satisfied inhabitants has grown about 22 percent while the number of dissatisfied inhabitants was reduced by 8 percent. 84 percent of the inhabitants like to live in Frankfurt, 13 percent would rather choose to live somewhere else. 37 percent are satisfied with the public safety (1993: only 9 percent), 22 percent are dissatisfied (1993: 64 percent).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/738/08_Bindung_und_Zufriedenheit_BB2010.pdf |title=Frankfurt.de: Statistik aktuell Nr. 8/2011 |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114102629/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/738/08_Bindung_und_Zufriedenheit_BB2010.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Frankfurt consistently has the highest levels of crime per 100,000 inhabitants in Germany (15.976 crimes per annum in 2008) and is therefore dubbed the German "crime capital".<ref>Source: [http://www.bmi.bund.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/541740/publicationFile/26704/PKS2008.pdf;jsessionid=6379570F9390EB90E94D338941489E83 Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik 2008] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519021155/http://www.bmi.bund.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/541740/publicationFile/26704/PKS2008.pdf;jsessionid=6379570F9390EB90E94D338941489E83 |date=19 May 2011}}</ref> However, this statistic is often criticized{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} because it ignores major factors: It is calculated based on the administrative 680,000-inhabitant figure while the urban area has 2.5 M inhabitants and on weekdays adds another million people{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} (not counting the 53 million passengers passing through the airport each year). The rate for personal safety-relevant crimes such as murder, manslaughter, rape or bodily harm, is 3.4 percent, placing Frankfurt twelfth in the ranking (related to the official 680,000-inhabitant figure) or number 21 (related to the one-million-figure).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/Kriminalstatistik_Langfassung.pdf |title=Frankfurt.de: Kriminalitätsstatistik 2009 |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114102613/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/Kriminalstatistik_Langfassung.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2018, the state of Hesse, where Frankfurt is located, was ranked the third-safest state in Germany.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polizei.hessen.de/ueber-uns/statistik/kriminalstatistik/ |title=Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik 2020 |access-date=6 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506172940/https://www.polizei.hessen.de/ueber-uns/statistik/kriminalstatistik/ |archive-date=6 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Transport==
===Airports===
====Frankfurt Airport====
{{Main|Frankfurt Airport}}
[[File:AirportFrankfurt fromair 2010-09-19.jpg|thumb|left|[[Frankfurt Airport]] (with the fourth runway under construction in 2010) and the [[Frankfurter Kreuz]] (lower right corner)]]
The city can be accessed from around the world via [[Frankfurt Airport]] (''Flughafen Frankfurt am Main'') located {{cvt|12|km|mi|0}} southwest of downtown. The airport has four [[runway]]s and serves 265 nonstop destinations. Run by transport company [[Fraport]] it ranks among the [[world's busiest airports by passenger traffic]] and is the [[world's busiest airports by cargo traffic|busiest airport by cargo traffic]] in Europe. The airport also serves as a hub for [[Condor Flugdienst|Condor]] and as the main hub for German [[flag carrier]] [[Lufthansa]]. It is the busiest airport in Europe in terms of cargo traffic, and the fourth busiest in Europe in terms of passenger traffic behind [[London Heathrow Airport]], [[Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport]] and [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol]]. Passenger traffic at Frankfurt Airport in 2018 was 69,510,269 passengers.

A third terminal is being constructed (planned to open in 2026). The third terminal will increase the capacity of the airport to over 90 million passengers per year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://frankfurter.blog/frankfurt-airport/ |title=Frankfurt Airport |date=1 January 2020 |website=FRANKFURTER |language=en-US |access-date=1 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101105400/https://frankfurter.blog/frankfurt-airport/ |archive-date=1 January 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The airport can be reached by car or bus and has two railway stations, one for regional and one for long-distance traffic. The [[S-Bahn]] lines S8 and S9 (direction ''Offenbach Ost'' or ''Hanau Hbf'') departing at the [[Frankfurt Airport regional station|regional station]] take 10–15 minutes from the airport to [[Frankfurt Central Station]] and onwards to [[Frankfurt Hauptwache station|Hauptwache station]] downtown), the [[InterCity|IC]] and [[Intercity-Express|ICE]] trains departing at the [[Frankfurt Airport long-distance station|long-distance station]] take 10 minutes to Frankfurt Central Station.

====Frankfurt Hahn Airport====
Despite the name, [[Frankfurt–Hahn Airport|Frankfurt Hahn Airport]] (''Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn'') is situated approximately {{cvt|120|km|mi|0}} from the city in [[Lautzenhausen]] ([[Rhineland-Palatinate]]). Hahn Airport is a major base for [[low-cost carrier]] [[Ryanair]]. This airport can only be reached by car or bus. An hourly bus service runs from [[Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof|Frankfurt Central Station]], taking just over 2 hours.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Frankfurt-Hahn Airport to Frankfurt Central Station – 5 ways to travel |url=https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Frankfurt-Hahn-Airport/Frankfurt-Central-Station |access-date=15 June 2020 |website=Rome2rio |language=en |archive-date=15 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615151654/https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Frankfurt-Hahn-Airport/Frankfurt-Central-Station |url-status=live |last1=Ltd |first1=Rome2Rio Pty }}</ref> Passenger traffic at Hahn Airport in 2010 was 3.5&nbsp;million.

====Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport====
[[Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport]] (''Flugplatz Frankfurt-Egelsbach'') is a busy [[general aviation]] airport located south-east of Frankfurt Airport, near [[Egelsbach]].

===Roads===
[[File:Frankfurter_Kreuz_-_BAB_3_und_5.jpg|thumb|[[Frankfurter Kreuz]]]]
Frankfurt is a traffic hub for the German motorway (''[[Autobahn]]'') system. The [[Frankfurter Kreuz]] is an Autobahn interchange close to the airport, where the [[Bundesautobahn 3]] (A3), [[Cologne]] to [[Würzburg]], and the [[Bundesautobahn 5]] (A5), [[Basel]] to [[Hanover]], meet. With approximately 320,000 cars passing through it every day, it is Europe's most heavily used interchange. The [[Bundesautobahn 66]] (A66) connects Frankfurt with [[Wiesbaden]] in the west and [[Fulda]] in the east. The [[Bundesautobahn 661]] (A661) is mainly a commuter motorway that starts in the south (Egelsbach), runs through the eastern part and ends in the north ([[Oberursel]]). The [[Bundesautobahn 648]] (A648) is a very short motorway in the western part which primarily serves as a fast connection between the A 66 and the [[Frankfurt Trade Fair]]. The A5 in the west, the A3 in the south and the A661 in the northeast form a [[ring road]] around the inner city districts and define a [[Low-emission zone]] (''Umweltzone''; established in 2008), meaning that vehicles have to meet certain emission criteria to enter the zone.

The streets of central Frankfurt are usually congested with cars during [[rush hour]]. Some areas, especially around the shopping streets Zeil, Goethestraße and Freßgass, are pedestrian-only streets.

===Railway stations===
====Frankfurt Central Station====
[[File:Hauptbahnhof Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|left|[[Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof|Frankfurt Central Station]]]]
[[File:Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof tief S-Bahn S6.jpg|thumb|left|[[S-Bahn]] at [[Frankfurt Central Station (underground station)|Central Station (underground)]]]]
(''Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof'', often abbreviated as ''Frankfurt (Main) Hbf'' or ''F-Hbf'') is the largest railway station in Germany by railway traffic. By daily passenger volume, it ranks second (493,000 each) after [[Hamburg Hauptbahnhof|Hamburg Central Station]] (550,000). It is located between the [[Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)|Gallus]], the [[Gutleutviertel]] and the [[Bahnhofsviertel (Frankfurt am Main)|Bahnhofsviertel]] district, not far away from the trade fair and the financial district. It serves as a major hub for long-distance trains ([[InterCity]], [[InterCityExpress|ICE]]) and regional trains as well as for Frankfurt's public transport system. It is a stop for most of ICE high-speed lines, making it Germany's most important ICE station. ICE Trains to London via the [[Channel Tunnel]] were planned for 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/travel/travel-news/highspeed-trains-to-link-england-and-germany-20111013-1lmq8.html |title=High-speed trains to link England and Germany |publisher=Brisbanetimes.com.au |date=16 October 2011 |access-date=16 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621035917/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/travel/travel-news/highspeed-trains-to-link-england-and-germany-20111013-1lmq8.html |archive-date=21 June 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> All [[Rhine-Main S-Bahn]] lines, two [[Frankfurt U-Bahn|U-Bahn]] lines (U4, U5), several tram and bus lines stop there. Regional and local trains are integrated in the Public transport system [[Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund]] (RMV), the second-largest integrated public transport systems in the world, after [[Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg]].

====Frankfurt Airport stations====
[[File:DSCI0058 Flughafen Frankfurt Squaire.jpg|thumb|[[ICE 3]] departing westward from [[Frankfurt Airport long-distance station]] underneath [[The Squaire]]]]
Frankfurt Airport can be accessed by two railway stations: [[Frankfurt Airport long-distance station]] (''Frankfurt Flughafen Fernbahnhof'') is only for long-distance traffic and connects the airport to the main rail network, with most of the [[InterCityExpress|ICE]] services using the [[Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line]]. The long-distance station is located outside the actual airport ground but has a connecting bridge for pedestrians to Terminal 1, concourse B. [[Frankfurt Airport regional station]] (''Frankfurt Flughafen Regionalbahnhof'') is for local [[Rhine-Main S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] trains (lines S8, S9) and regional trains. The regional station is located within Terminal 1, concourse B.

====Frankfurt South station====
Frankfurt's third long-distance station is [[Frankfurt South station]] (''Frankfurt Südbahnhof'', often abbreviated as ''Frankfurt (Main) Süd'' or ''F-Süd''), located in [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]]. It is an important destination for local trains and trams (lines 15, 16 and 18) and the terminal stop for four U-Bahn lines (U1, U2, U3, U8) as well as three S-Bahn lines (S3, S4, S5). Line S6 also serves the station.

====Messe stations====
The [[Frankfurt Trade Fair]] offers two railway stations: [[Frankfurt Messe station|Messe station]] is for local [[Rhine-Main S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] trains (lines S3-S6) and is centrally located amid trade fair premises, while Festhalle/Messe station is served by U-Bahn line U4 and is located at the north-east corner of the premises.

====Konstablerwache station and Hauptwache station====
Two other major downtown railway stations are Konstablerwache and Hauptwache, located on each end of the Zeil. They are the main stations to change from east-to-west-bound S-Bahn trains to north-to-south-bound U-Bahn trains. Konstablerwache station is the second-busiest railway station regarding daily passenger volume (98,000) after the central station. The third-busiest railway station is Hauptwache station (93,000).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.howtogermany.com/pages/frankfurt.html |title=How to Germany – Frankfurt am Main: The Gateway to Germany |access-date=6 October 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926095555/https://www.howtogermany.com/pages/frankfurt.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://addr.ws/frankfurt-konstablerwache-station-train-station--frankfurt-de.html |title=Frankfurt Konstablerwache station |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128114229/https://addr.ws/frankfurt-konstablerwache-station-train-station--frankfurt-de.html |archive-date=28 January 2020}}</ref>

====Frankfurt West Station====
[[File:Westbahnhof Hochbahnsteig.jpg|thumb|[[DBAG Class 423]] approaching the [[Elevated railway|elevated section]] of [[Frankfurt West station]]]]
This Station, located in Bockenheim, is served by north-heading Long-Distance ICE trains, multiple regional trains, and four commuter S-Bahn lines (S3, S4, S5, S6). Additionally, it is an important terminal stop for three "Metrobus" lines (M32, M36, M73).

===Coach stations===
There are three stations for [[intercity bus service]]s in Frankfurt: one at the south side of the Central Station, one at the Terminal 2 of the airport and another one at Stephanstraße.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/frankfurt |title=Frankfurt: Stations |publisher=Travelinho.com |access-date=21 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044654/http://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/frankfurt |archive-date=1 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Public transport===
{{Main|Public transport in Frankfurt am Main}}
[[File:Frankfurt am Main - Netzplan Schienennahverkehr.png|thumb|Public transport network]]
The city has two [[rapid transit]] systems: the U-Bahn and the S-Bahn, as well as an above-ground tram system. Information about the U- and S-Bahn can be found on the website of the [[Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund|RMV]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rmv.de/coremedia/generator/RMV/Sprachen/SPRACH__ART__en.html |title=Rhein-Main Transport Association |publisher=RMV.DE |date=24 November 2010 |access-date=10 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727002756/http://www.rmv.de/coremedia/generator/RMV/Sprachen/SPRACH__ART__en.html |archive-date=27 July 2010}}</ref>

====S-Bahn====
{{main|Rhine-Main S-Bahn}}
Nine [[S-Bahn]] lines (S1 to S9) connect Frankfurt with the densely populated [[Frankfurt Rhein-Main Region|Rhine Main Region]]. Most routes have at least 15-minute service during the day, either by one line running every 15 minutes, or by two lines servicing one route at a 30-minute interval. All lines, except line S7, run through the [[Frankfurt City Tunnel]] and serve stations at [[Frankfurt Ostendstraße station|Ostendstraße]], [[Frankfurt (Main) Konstablerwache station|Konstablerwache]], [[Frankfurt (Main) Hauptwache station|Hauptwache]], [[Taunusanlage station|Taunusanlage]] and [[Frankfurt Central Station]]. When leaving the city the S-Bahn travels above ground. It provides access to the trade fair (S3, S4, S5, S6), the airport (S8, S9), the stadium (S7, S8, S9) and nearby cities such as [[Wiesbaden]], [[Mainz]], [[Darmstadt]], [[Rüsselsheim]], [[Hanau]], [[Offenbach am Main]], [[Oberursel]], [[Bad Homburg]], [[Kronberg]], [[Friedberg, Hesse|Friedberg]] and smaller towns that are on the way. The S8/S9 runs 24/7.

====U-Bahn====
[[File:DSC03475 B44 Ludwig-Landmann-Straße.jpg|thumb|Underground line ''U7'' running as a ''[[Stadtbahn]]'' amidst [[Ludwig Landmann|Ludwig-Landmann]]-Straße in [[Rödelheim|Frankfurt-Rödelheim]]]]
{{main|Frankfurt U-Bahn}}
The [[U-Bahn]] has nine lines (U1 to U9) serving Frankfurt and the larger suburbs of Bad Homburg and Oberursel in the north. The trains that run on the U-Bahn are in fact [[light rail]] (''[[Stadtbahn]]'') as many lines travel along a track in the middle of the street instead of underground. The minimum service interval is 2.5 minutes, although the usual pattern is that each line runs at 7.5- to 10-minute intervals, which produce between 3- and 5-minute intervals on downtown tracks shared by more than one line.

====Tram====
{{main|Trams in Frankfurt am Main}}
Frankfurt has ten tram lines (11, 12, 14 to 21), with trams arriving usually every 10 minutes. Many sections are served by two lines, combining to run at 5-minute intervals during rush-hour. Trams only run above ground and serve more stops than the U-Bahn or the S-Bahn.

====Bus====
{{main|Public transport in Frankfurt am Main#Bus}}
A number of bus lines complete the Frankfurt public transport system. Night buses replace U-Bahn and tram services between 1:30&nbsp;am and 3:30&nbsp;am.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nachtbus-frankfurt.de |title=Nightbus Frankfurt Rheinmain |publisher=Nachtbus-frankfurt.de |access-date=10 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430194211/http://www.nachtbus-frankfurt.de/ |archive-date=30 April 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The central junction for the night bus service is at the downtown square of Konstablerwache, where all night bus lines start and end.

===Taxis===
[[Taxicab]]s can usually be found outside the major S-Bahn and U-Bahn stations, at the central station, the south station, the airport, the trade fair and in the crowded inner-city shopping streets. The common way to obtain a taxi is to either call a taxi operator or to go to a taxi rank. However, although not the norm, one can hail a passing taxi on the street.

[[Uber]] ceased operations in Frankfurt on 9 November 2015 after operating in the city for 18 months.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uber Pulls Out of Three German Cities After Court Ban Shrinks Driver Pool |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/02/uber-retrenches-in-germany/ |first=Natasha |last=Lomas |work=[[TechCrunch]] |date=2 November 2015 |access-date=25 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528205741/https://techcrunch.com/2015/11/02/uber-retrenches-in-germany/ |archive-date=28 May 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, [[UberX]] and local cabs are available through the Uber app.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frankfurt: a guide for getting around in the city |url=https://www.uber.com/global/en/cities/frankfurt/ |access-date=6 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528205741/https://www.uber.com/global/en/cities/frankfurt/ |archive-date=28 May 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Bicycles===
[[File:Frankfurt Velotaxi.jpg|thumb|Velotaxi at the Zeil]]
[[Deutsche Bahn]] makes bicycles available for hire through their [[Call a Bike]] service. The bicycles are stationed all over the city, including at selected railway stations. They can easily be spotted because of their eye-catching silver-red color. To rent a specific bike, riders either call a service number to get an unlock code or reserve the bike via the smartphone application. To return the bike, the rider locks it within a designated return area (and calls the service number, if not booked via the app).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.callabike-interaktiv.de/ |title=Call a Bike: Startseite |work=callabike-interaktiv.de |access-date=28 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924030211/http://www.callabike-interaktiv.de/ |archive-date=24 September 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Nextbike]] also makes bicycles available for hire in Frankfurt. They are stationed all over the city. These can be spotted with their blue color scheme.

[[Cycle rickshaw]]s (velotaxis), a type of [[tricycle]] designed to carry passengers in addition to the driver, are also available. These are allowed to operate in pedestrian-only areas and are therefore practical for sightseeing.

Frankfurt has a network of cycle routes. Many long-distance bike routes into the city have cycle tracks that are separate from motor vehicle traffic. A number of downtown roads are "bicycle streets" where the cyclist has the right of way and where motorized vehicles are only allowed access if they do not disrupt the cycle users. In addition, cyclists are allowed to ride many cramped one-way streets in both directions. {{As of|2015}}, 15 percent of citizens used bicycles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radfahrbüro der Stadt Frankfurt |url=http://www.radfahren-ffm.de/ |website=www.radfahren-ffm.de |access-date = 5 September 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091112051827/http://www.radfahren-ffm.de/ |archive-date = 12 November 2009 |url-status = live}}</ref>

===E-Scooters===
Since 15 June 2019, the use of [[e-scooters]] was officially permitted by the German federal government. In Frankfurt, companies like [[Lime (transportation company)|Lime]], TIER, [[Bird (transportation company)|Bird]], voi., [[Dott (transportation company)|Dott]] or [[Bolt (company)|Bolt]] are offering their electric micro mobility vehicles for lease. However, their use is being regarded with increasing weariness due to frequent abuse (parking, speeding, vandalism, accidents) and has sparked a public debate about the need of further regulation of the e-scooter market.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Frankfurt sagt E-Scooter-Rüpeln den Kampf an |url=https://www.fnp.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-sagt-scooter-ruepeln-den-kampf-an-91280428.html/ |date=3 February 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203212742/https://www.fnp.de/frankfurt/frankfurt-sagt-scooter-ruepeln-den-kampf-an-91280428.html |archive-date=3 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Courts of justice ==
Several courts are located in Frankfurt, including:
*'''Hessisches Landesarbeitsgericht''' (Hessian State Employment Court)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://arbeitsgerichtsbarkeit.hessen.de/arbeitsgerichte-und-landesarbeitsgericht/landesarbeitsgericht-frankfurt-am-main |title=Hessisches Landesarbeitsgericht |access-date=29 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130035201/https://lag-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/LAG_Hessen_Internet |archive-date=30 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt''' (Higher Regional Court Frankfurt)<ref>{{in lang|de}} [https://ordentliche-gerichtsbarkeit.hessen.de/oberlandesgericht-frankfurt-am-main Website of the Higher Regional Court] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819031439/http://www.olg-frankfurt.justiz.hessen.de/irj/OLG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet |date=19 August 2012 }}</ref>
*'''Landgericht Frankfurt''' (Regional Court Frankfurt)<ref>{{in lang|de}} [https://ordentliche-gerichtsbarkeit.hessen.de/landgerichtsbezirk-frankfurt-am-main/landgericht-frankfurt-am-main Website of the Regional Court] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905193154/http://www.lg-frankfurt.justiz.hessen.de/irj/LG_Frankfurt_Internet |date=5 September 2012 }}</ref>
*'''Amtsgericht Frankfurt''' (Local Court Frankfurt)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ordentliche-gerichtsbarkeit.hessen.de/landgerichtsbezirk-frankfurt-am-main/amtsgericht-frankfurt-am-main |title=Amtsgericht Frankfurt am Main |access-date=29 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117164110/https://ag-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/AMG_Frankfurt_Internet/ |archive-date=17 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''Sozialgericht Frankfurt''' (Social Court Frankfurt)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sozialgerichtsbarkeit.hessen.de/sozialgerichte/sozialgericht-frankfurt-am-main |title=Sozialgericht Frankfurt am Main |access-date=29 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130035633/https://sg-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/SG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet |archive-date=30 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''Arbeitsgericht Frankfurt''' (Employment Court Frankfurt)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://arbeitsgerichtsbarkeit.hessen.de/arbeitsgerichte-und-landesarbeitsgericht/arbeitsgericht-frankfurt-am-main |title=Arbeitsgericht Frankfurt am Main |access-date=29 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130035429/https://arbg-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/ArbG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet |archive-date=30 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''Verwaltungsgericht Frankfurt''' (Administration Court Frankfurt)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit.hessen.de/verwaltungsgerichte-und-verwaltungsgerichtshof/verwaltungsgericht-frankfurt-am-main |title=Verwaltungsgericht Frankfurt am Main |access-date=29 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220164321/https://vg-frankfurt-justiz.hessen.de/irj/VG_Frankfurt_am_Main_Internet |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Financial authorities ==
[[File:Frankfurt Westhafen Tower 2011a.jpg|thumb|[[Westhafen Tower]], home to the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA)]]

=== European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority ===
The [[European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority]] (EIOPA) is an institution of the EU and part of the [[European System of Financial Supervisors]] that was created in response to the [[2008 financial crisis]]. It was established on 1 January 2011.

=== Federal Financial Supervisory Authority ===
Frankfurt is one of two locations of the German [[Federal Financial Supervisory Authority]] (''Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht'', short: ''BaFin''). The BaFin is an independent federal institution and acts as Germany's [[Financial regulation|financial regulatory]] authority.

=== Anti-Money Laundering Authority ===
The Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA) of the [[European Union]] (EU) is based in Frankfurt.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.globalcompliancenews.com/2024/06/05/https-insightplus-bakermckenzie-com-bm-financial-institutions_1-european-union-new-eu-ruleshave-been-adoptedto-combat-money-laundering-and-terrorist-financing_052024/ |title=European Union: New EU rules have been adopted to combat money-laundering and terrorist financing |publisher=Global Compliance News |author1=By Dr. József Vági |author2=Andrea Weinraub |author3=Anna Horvath |date=5 June 2024}}</ref>

== International relations ==
=== International Finance Corporation ===
Frankfurt is home to the German office of the [[International Finance Corporation]] (IFC), which is part of the [[World Bank]] Group. The IFC promotes sustainable private sector investment in [[developing country|developing countries]].

=== Consulates ===
As a profoundly international city, Frankfurt hosts 93 diplomatic missions (consulates and [[Consulate- general|consulates-general]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy Pages list of consulates in Frankfurt |url=https://www.embassypages.com/city/frankfurt |access-date=2025-01-02}}</ref> The [[Consulate General of the United States in Frankfurt|Consulate General of the United States]] in [[Eckenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Eckenheim]] is the largest American consulate in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consulate History |url=https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/embassy-consulates/wuhan/consulate-history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427070735/https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/embassy-consulates/wuhan/consulate-history/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 April 2017 |access-date=19 May 2021 |publisher=U.S. Embassy & Consulates in China }}</ref>
==Education and research==
===Universities and schools===
Frankfurt hosts two universities and several specialist schools. The two business schools are [[Goethe University Frankfurt]]'s [[Goethe Business School]] and [[Frankfurt School of Finance & Management]].

====Johann Wolfgang Goethe University====
[[File:Campus_Westend_Frankfurt_01.jpg|thumb|[[Johann Wolfgang Goethe University]]]]
The oldest and best-known university is the [[Johann Wolfgang Goethe University]], with locations in Bockenheim, Westend, and Riedberg, and the university hospital in Niederrad. [[Goethe Business School]] is part of the university's [[House of Finance]] at Campus Westend. The Business School's Full-Time MBA program has over 70% international students.

====Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences====
The [[Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences]] was created out of several older organisations in 1971, and offers over 38 study areas, in the arts, sciences, engineering and law. Some of the most important research projects: Planet Earth Simulator, [[FraLine]]-IT-School-Service, quantitative analysis of [[methane]] in human corpses with the help of a mass spectrometer, software engineering (e.g., fraDesk), analysis of qualitative and quantitative gas in human lungs, long-term studies on [[photovoltaic]] modules (to name only a few).

====Frankfurt School of Finance and Management====
The city is also home to a business school, [[Frankfurt School of Finance & Management]], formerly known as the ''{{lang|de|Hochschule für Bankwirtschaft}}'' (Institution of Higher Learning for Banking Economics), with its new campus near Deutsche Nationalbibliothek U-Bahn stop (recently moving from its previous location in the Ostend (Eastend) neighborhood). In 2001, it became a specialist institution for Economics and Management, or FOM. Frankfurt School is consistently ranked among the best business schools in the world, attributed to its high research output and quality of undergraduate and graduate training.<ref>{{cite journal |title=FT Masters in Managemenet |url=https://www.ft.com/content/6b52615a-8694-11e7-8bb1-5ba57d47eff7 |journal=FT |date=2017 |access-date=6 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707041533/https://www.ft.com/content/6b52615a-8694-11e7-8bb1-5ba57d47eff7 |archive-date=7 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Städelschule====
Frankfurt has the State Institution of Higher Learning for Artistic Education known as the [[Städelschule]], founded in 1817 by [[Johann Friedrich Städel]]. It was taken over by the city in 1942 and turned into a state art school.

====Music schools and conservatory====
Music institutions are the [[Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts]], and the [[Hoch Conservatory]] (Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium) which was founded in 1878. The International [[Ensemble Modern]] Academy is a significant institution for the study of contemporary music.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.internationale-em-akademie.de/en/iema |title=International Ensemble Modern Academy |work=internationale-em-akademie.de |access-date=3 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215032236/http://www.internationale-em-akademie.de/en/iema |archive-date=15 February 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Other notable schools====
The [[Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology]] (German:''Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Sankt Georgen''), a private institution with membership in the German Jesuit Association, has been located in [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]] since 1950.

====Education and media====
Frankfurt schools rank among the best-equipped schools nationwide for the availability of PCs and other media facilities.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} In order to assure maintenance and support of the school PCs, the city in cooperation with the [[University of Applied Sciences Giessen-Friedberg|University of Applied Sciences]] launched the project [[Fraline]] – IT-Schul-Service, an initiative employing students to provide basic school IT-support.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

===Research institutes===
[[File:Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research_at_Night_of_Science_2018_(1).jpg|thumb|[[Max Planck Institute for Brain Research]]]]

The city is home to three [[Max Planck Society]] institutes: the [[Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory]], [[Max Planck Institute for Biophysics]], and the [[Max Planck Institute for Brain Research]].

The [[Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies]], sponsored by several institutional and private sources, is involved in theoretical research in physics, chemistry, neuroscience, and computer science.

Frankfurt is host to the ''Römisch-Germanische-Kommission'' (RGK), the [[German Archaeological Institute]] branch for [[prehistory|prehistoric archeology]] in Germany and Europe. The RGK is involved in a variety of research projects. Its library, with over 200,000 items, is one of the largest archeological libraries in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Library Profile |url=https://www.dainst.org/en/departments/rgk/about-us/organisation/library |website=Deutsches Archäologisches Institut |access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref>

[[Goethe University Frankfurt|Goethe University]] and [[Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences]] are involved in the Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence ("hessian.AI").

==Trade unions and associations==

[[File:Ig-metall-haus-2010-ffm-028.jpg|thumb|Main Forum, home to [[IG Metall]]]]
Frankfurt is home to multiple trade unions and associations, including:
*[[IG Metall]], Germany's largest [[Metalworking|metalworkers]] trade union, based at the Main Forum high-rise building in the [[Gutleutviertel (Frankfurt am Main)|Gutleutviertel]] district 
*[[IG Bauen-Agrar-Umwelt]], a union for [[Construction worker|construction]] and engineering workers, 
*[[Education and Science Workers' Union (Germany)|Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft]], a union for teachers
*[[Gewerkschaft Deutscher Lokomotivführer]], a union for [[Railroad engineer|train drivers]]

[[Trade association]]s include:
*[[Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik]] (Electrotechnical, Electronic and Information Technology Association)
*[[DECHEMA|DECHEMA Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie]] (Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Association)
*[[Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels]], which organizes the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]]
*Bundesverband des Deutschen Versandhandels (German Mail Order Industry Association)
*Verband der Chemischen Industrie (Chemical Industry Association)
*Verband der Photoindustrie (Photography Industry Association)
*Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau (German Machine and Equipment Building Association)
*Verband der Köche Deutschlands (German Cooks Association)

==Media==
===Newspapers===
[[Image:FAZ Building 2.jpg|thumb|Editorial department building of ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'']]
Two important daily newspapers are published. The conservative ''[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]'', also known as ''FAZ'', was founded in 1949 and is the German newspaper with the widest circulation outside of Germany, with its editors claiming to deliver the newspaper to 148 countries every day. The FAZ has a circulation of over 380,000 copies daily. The other important newspaper, the ''[[Frankfurter Rundschau]]'', was first published in 1945 and has a daily circulation of over 181,000.

===Magazines===
Several magazines also originate from Frankfurt. The local ''Journal Frankfurt'' is the best-known magazine for events, parties, and "insider tips". ''Öko-Test'' is a consumer-oriented magazine that focuses on ecological topics. [[Titanic (magazine)|''Titanic'']] is a well-known and often criticized [[satire|satirical]] magazine with a circulation of approximately 100,000.

===Radio and TV===
Frankfurt's first radio station was the Südwestdeutsche Rundfunkdienst AG (Southwest German Broadcast Service), founded in 1924. Its successor service is the public broadcaster [[Hessischer Rundfunk]] (Hessian Broadcast Service). It is located at the "[[Broadcasting House Dornbusch|Funkhaus am Dornbusch]]" in the [[Dornbusch (Frankfurt am Main)|Dornbusch]] district and is one of the most important radio and television [[Broadcasting|broadcasters]] in Hesse, with additional studios in [[Kassel]], [[Darmstadt]] and [[Fulda]].

[[Bloomberg TV]] and [[RTL Television]] have regional studios.

Other radio broadcasters include Main FM and Radio X.

From August 1945 to October 2004, the [[American Forces Network]] (AFN) had broadcast from Frankfurt ([[AFN Frankfurt]]). Due to troop reductions the AFN's location has been closed with AFN now broadcasting from [[Mannheim]].

===News agency===
Frankfurt is home to the German office of [[Reuters]], a global [[news agency]]. [[Associated Press]] and US-based international news agency Feature Story News have bureaux in Frankfurt.

==Sports==

[[File:Match_Frankfurt_-_Marseille_in_November_2018.jpg|thumb|The [[Waldstadion (Frankfurt)|Waldstadion]] ({{as of|2023}} known as the ''Deutsche Bank Park''), home of the football club [[Eintracht Frankfurt]]]]
Frankfurt is home to several professional sports teams. Some of them have won German Championships. E.g. the [[Skyliners Frankfurt]] won the [[German Basketball Championship]] in 2004 and the [[German Basketball Cup|German Cup]] in 2000. Women's side [[Eintracht Frankfurt (women)|1. FFC Frankfurt]] (merged with Eintracht Frankfurt in 2020) are Germany's record title-holders; [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] are one-time German champions, five-times winners of the [[DFB-Pokal]], and winners of the [[UEFA Cup]] in 1980 and the [[Europa League]] in 2022.
Frankfurt hosts the following sports teams or clubs:

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Skyliners Frankfurt]], Basketball
*[[Frankfurt Galaxy (ELF)|Frankfurt Galaxy]], [[NFL Europe|American football]]
*[[Frankfurt Universe]], [[German Football League|American football]]
*Frankfurt Pirates, [[German Football League|American football]]
*[[Frankfurt Sarsfields GAA]], [[Gaelic football]]
*[[Frankfurt Lions]] (until 2010), [[Ice hockey]]
*[[Löwen Frankfurt]] (since 2010), [[Ice hockey]]
*[[SC 1880 Frankfurt]], [[Rugby union]]
*[[Eintracht Frankfurt (women)|Eintracht Frankfurt]], Football (women)
*[[Eintracht Frankfurt]], Football (men)
*[[FSV Frankfurt]], Football (men)
*[[Rot-Weiss Frankfurt]], Football
*[[Frankfurter FC Germania 1894]], Football
{{div col end}}

Frankfurt is host to the [[Classic cycle races|classic cycle]] race [[Eschborn-Frankfurt City Loop]] (known as ''Rund um den Henninger-Turm'' from 1961 to 2008). The city hosts also the annual [[Frankfurt Marathon]] and the [[Ironman Germany]]. In addition to the former, it is one of 13 global host locations to the J.P. Morgan Corporate Challenge, Germany's biggest corporate sports event. Rhein-Main Eissport Club forms the base of the German [[bandy]] community.

==Sights in the Frankfurt Rhein-Main area==
[[File:Kurhaus Wiesbaden blaue Stunde 290-L4.jpg|thumb|Wiesbaden Kurhaus with the Casino]]
[[File:Saalburg.jpg|thumb|[[Roman Empire]] army camp [[Saalburg]]]]
[[File:Mühltal - Burg Frankenstein 11 ies.jpg|thumb|The real [[Frankenstein Castle]]]]
[[File:Limmeuble Waldspirale (Darmstadt) (7954668126).jpg|thumb|[[Waldspirale]]]]

Besides the tourist attractions in central Frankfurt many internationally famous sites are within 80&nbsp;km (50&nbsp;mi) of the city, such as:

=== North ===
*[[Taunus|Taunus mountain range]]
*[[List of World Heritage Sites in Germany|World Heritage Site]] [[Saalburg|Roman Empire Army Camp Saalburg]]
*[[List of World Heritage Sites in Germany|World Heritage Site]] [[Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes|Limes]] (former northern border of the Roman Empire)
*[[Bad Homburg vor der Höhe]] with its famous [[casino]]
*[[Bad Nauheim]] [[Elvis Presley]] memorial
*[[Hessenpark]]

=== West ===
*[[Wiesbaden]] with its [[Kurhaus, Wiesbaden|Kurhaus]], [[Staatstheater Wiesbaden|State Theater]], [[Neroberg]] and [[Casino]]
*[[List of World Heritage Sites in Germany|World Heritage Site]] [[Mainz]]
*[[Rüdesheim am Rhein|Rüdesheim]]
*[[Rheingau]]
*[[Eberbach Monastery]] (the original movie set of the film ''[[The Name of the Rose]]'')
*[[Upper Rhine valley|Rhine Valley]]
*[[List of World Heritage Sites in Germany|World Heritage Site]] [[Rhine Gorge]]
*[[River Rhine]]
*[[Rheinhessen wine region]]

=== East ===
*Leather Museum [[Offenbach am Main|Offenbach]]
*[[Hanau]] [[Grimm Brothers]] Summer Festival
*[[German Fairy Tale Route]]
*[[Spessart]]

=== South ===
*[[Darmstadt]] with the [[Art Nouveau]] [[List of World Heritage Sites in Germany|World Heritage Site]] [[Darmstadt Artists' Colony|Mathildenhöhe]]
*[[Waldspirale]]
*[[Russian Chapel in Darmstadt|The former private chapel of the last Tsar of Russia]]
*[[Vortex Garten|Vortex Garden]]
*[[List of World Heritage Sites in Germany|World Heritage Site]] [[Messel pit]]
*[[Odenwald]]
*[[Bergstraße Route|Bergstrasse]]
*[[Vineyards]] at [[Heppenheim]]
*[[Frankenstein Castle]]
*[[Heidelberg]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Germany|Europe|Geography}}
*[[Association of the Electrical and Digital Industry]]
*[[Frankfurt School]]
*[[List of people from Frankfurt]]
*[[Mayor of Frankfurt]]
*[[List of cities in Hesse by population]]
*[[List of cities in Germany by population]]

== Footnotes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
; History
*Kramer, Waldemar (Hrsg.): ''Frankfurt Chronik''. Verlag Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1987 (3. Auflage), {{ISBN|3-7829-0321-8}}.
*[[Lothar Gall]] (Hrsg.): ''FFM 1200. Traditionen und Perspektiven einer Stadt''. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1994, {{ISBN|3-7995-1203-9}} (Katalog zur 1200-Jahrfeier 1994 mit wiss. Aufsätzen).
*Mack, Ernst: ''Von der Steinzeit zur Stauferstadt. Die frühe Geschichte von Frankfurt am Main''. Verlag Josef Knecht, Frankfurt am Main 1994, {{ISBN|3-7820-0685-2}}.

; Architecture
*Schohmann, Heinz: ''Frankfurt am Main und Umgebung. Von der Pfalzsiedlung zum Bankenzentrum''. Dumont Kunstreiseführer. Dumont, Köln 2003, {{ISBN|3-7701-6305-2}}. (mit Schwerpunkt Architektur).
*Bodenbach, Christoph (Hrsg.): ''Neue Architektur in Frankfurt am Main''. Junius Verlag, Hamburg 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-88506-583-8}}.
*Sturm, Philipp, Schmal, Peter Cachola: ''Hochhausstadt Frankfurt. Bauten und Visionen seit 1945''. Prestel, München 2014, {{ISBN|978-3-7913-5363-0}}.

; Others
*Setzepfandt, Christian: ''Geheimnisvolles Frankfurt am Main''. Wartberg, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2003, {{ISBN|3-8313-1347-4}}.
*Mosebach, Martin: ''Mein Frankfurt''. Mit Photographien von Barbara Klemm. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2002, {{ISBN|3-458-34571-X}}. (Insel-Taschenbuch. Bd 2871)

==External links==
{{Commons category|Frankfurt am Main}}
{{Wikivoyage|Frankfurt}}
{{EB1911 poster|Frankfort-on-Main}}
*[http://www.frankfurt.de/ Official website]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716223653/http://www.frankfurt.de/ |date=16 July 2012 }} (in German).
*[https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/jan/27/frankfurt-brexit-bankers-london-boring Frankfurt prepares for Brexit bankers: 'Maybe our city will change them']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060306094304/http://germany.archiseek.com/hesse/frankfurt/index.html Architecture of Frankfurt]
*[http://www.zoo-infos.de/zoos-en/120.html Frankfurt Zoo] {{in lang|en}}
*Frankfurt panoramas: [http://www.panorama-cities.net/frankfurt/frankfurt_germany.html 360°city panoramas]; [http://www.oopper.de/tn/panorama-frankfurt.htm Panorama Frankfurt]; [http://www.frankfurt360.de/ frankfurt360.de]; [http://www.panorama-frankfurt.de/ panorama-frankfurt.de]
*{{Cite AmCyc |wstitle=Frankfort-on-the-Main |short=x}}
*{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Frankfort-on-the-Main |short=x}}
*[http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/ Tourismus+Congress GmbH Frankfurt am Main]
*[http://www.kultur-frankfurt.de/ Cultural portal of the city of Frankfurt am Main]
*{{HessBib PPN|116343931}}
*[http://ulrich-greve.eu/free/frankfurt/ Geschichte der Juden in Frankfurt a. M. (1150–1824)] (in German) by Isidor Kracauer, 2 volumes, free download

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Frankfurt am Main
|North = [[Marburg]], [[Gießen]]
|Northeast = [[Fulda]]
|East = [[Würzburg]]
|Southeast = [[Nuremberg]]
|South = [[Darmstadt]], [[Mannheim]], [[Karlsruhe]], [[Stuttgart]]
|Southwest = [[Kaiserslautern]], [[Saarbrücken]]
|West = [[Wiesbaden]]
|Northwest = [[Koblenz]], Bonn, [[Cologne]]
}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Articles related to Frankfurt
|list =
{{Districts of Frankfurt am Main}}
{{Germany districts hesse}}
{{Cities in Germany}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frankfurt Am Main}}
[[Category:Frankfurt| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Hesse]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Germany]]
[[Category:1st-century establishments]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Main basin]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Germany]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1st century]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Germany]]
[[Category:Urban districts of Hesse]]
[[Category:Darmstadt (region)]]