Editing Francesco Andreini

{{Short description|Italian actor (c. 1548 – 1624)}}
{{For|the Italian painter|Francesco Andreini (painter)}}
 
[[File:Portret van Francesco Andreini, RP-P-OB-66.714.jpg|thumb|Francesco Andreini, {{circa|1612}}]]
'''Francesco Andreini''' ({{circa|1548}} – 1624) was an Italian actor mainly of ''[[commedia dell'arte]]'' plays.  He began his career playing the role of the unsophisticated love-stricken young man. Later he played the role of [[Il Capitano|Capitan Spavento]] ({{literally|Captain Fright}}), a [[The Pickwick Papers|Pickwickian]] character of excessive fatigue.<ref>Boni, F., page 9</ref> He died on January 1, 1624, in [[Mantua]], Italy at the age of 76.

Francesco Andreini was the leader of [[I Gelosi|the Gelosi]] commedia dell'arte troupe and had he not brought this type of theater elsewhere, it would not have made it further to the mainstream media and developed into multilingualism and oral and textual transmissions. His role of Capitano made its way into modern media with adapted versions solely based on the original Capitano. Francesco had an impact on today's theater and improvisation. <ref name=":0" />

==Life==
Andreini was a soldier under the banner of the Medici in the [[Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)|Ottoman–Venetian War]]. He turned to theatre after 8 years in a Turkish jail.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=MacNeil|first=A.|date=1999-01-01|title=A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Woman|url=https://academic.oup.com/mq/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/mq/83.2.247|journal=The Musical Quarterly|language=en|volume=83|issue=2|pages=247–279|doi=10.1093/mq/83.2.247|issn=0027-4631}}</ref>

Andreini was born at [[Pistoia]]. He was a member of the company of [[I Gelosi]] which [[Henry IV of France]]  summoned to [[Paris]] for his bride, the young queen [[Marie de' Medici]], thus introducing the ''[[commedia dell'arte]]'' style to France.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

Andreini married sixteen-year-old [[Isabella Andreini|Isabella Canali]] in 1578, when he was 30.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jordan|first=Peter|date=2010|title=In Search of Pantalone and the Origins of the Commedia Dell'Arte|journal=Revue Internationale de Philosophie|volume=64|issue=252 (2)|pages=209|jstor=23961163}}</ref> She and their son, [[Giambattista Andreini]], were also distinguished in the arts.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

==Accomplishments==
He published his dialogue as Captain Spavento as "La bravura del Capitano Spavento". This dialogue takes place between the captain and his servant, Trappola.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Boughner|first=Daniel C.|date=1940|title=Don Armado and the "Commedia Dell'Arte"|journal=Studies in Philology|volume=37|issue=2|pages=201–224|jstor=4172484}}</ref> Francesco Andreini wrote four to five page boasts in his publication of his dialogue; although Andreini may have elaborated on these speeches in print, it is clear that he was trying to give the audience the intense verbosity within. Similarly, Andreini elaborates on the fact that the doctor was only talk, while the lovers could get carried away with themselves to any extent.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=SCHMITT|first=NATALIE CROHN|date=September 2010|title=Improvisation in the Commedia dell'Arte in its Golden Age: Why, What, How|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/rd.38.41917476|journal=Renaissance Drama|volume=38|pages=225–249|doi=10.1086/rd.38.41917476|s2cid=225071353 |issn=0486-3739}}</ref>

Andreini spoke a handful of languages including Italian, Turkish, English and French. He used a combination of these languages while performing. As Capitano, he often combined Italian and Turkish claiming it was Arabic. He also used [[Grammelot]] in his works and was one of the original inventors.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Jaffe-Berg|first=Erith|date=2008-01-01|title=New Perspectives on Language, Oral Transmission, and Multilingualism in Commedia dell'Arte|journal=Early Theatre|volume=11|issue=2|doi=10.12745/et.11.2.779|issn=1206-9078|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Commons category|Francesco Andreini}}
*{{cite book| first=Filippo de'| last=Boni| year=1852| title=''Biografia degli artisti ovvero dizionario della vita e delle opere dei pittori, degli scultori, degli intagliatori, dei tipografi e dei musici di ogni nazione che fiorirono da'tempi più remoti sino á nostri giorni. Seconda Edizione.''| pages= 8 | publisher=Presso Andrea Santini e Figlio|location=Venice; Googlebooks |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IU0_AAAAcAAJ&q=Filippo+Boni+Biografia+degli+artisti+ovvero+dizionario&pg=PA441}}

'''Attribution''':
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Andreini, Francesco|volume=1|page=971}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Andreini, Francesco}}
[[Category:1540s births]]
[[Category:1624 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Pistoia]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tuscany]]
[[Category:Italian male actors]]
[[Category:Commedia dell'arte actors]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian male actors]]
[[Category:16th-century Italian male actors]]
[[Category:16th-century theatre managers]]
[[Category:17th-century theatre managers]]
[[Category:16th-century Italian businesspeople]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian businesspeople]]