Editing Frances Abington

{{Short description|English actress (1737–1815)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
|name  = Fanny Abington
|image = Joshua Reynolds, Mrs Abington (c1737 - 1815) as The Comic Muse, 1764-68 at Waddesdon Manor.jpg
|image_size  =
|alt = an elegant lady leaning on a velvet drapery on a mantel
|caption = Portrait by [[Joshua Reynolds]]
|birth_name  = Frances Barton
|birth_date  = {{Birth-date|1737}}<ref name=EB>{{Cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Dale H. |editor-last=Hoiberg |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abington, Fanny |edition=15th |year=2010 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |volume=I: A-ak Bayes |location=Chicago, IL |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/33 33] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/33}}</ref>
|birth_place = London, England
|death_date  = {{Death date|df=yes|1815|03|04}}<ref name=EB/>
|death_place = London, England
|nationality = British
|other_names = Nosegay Fan
|education =
|alma_mater  =
|occupation  = Actress
|years_active  =
|employer  = [[Haymarket Theatre]], [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane|Drury Lane]], [[Covent Garden]]<ref name=EB/>
|organization  =
|agent =
|known_for =
|notable_works = Lady Teazle in [[The School for Scandal]]<ref name=EB/>
|style =
|spouse  = James Abington
|partner = <!-- unmarried life partner; use ''Name (1950–present)'' -->
|children  =
|parents =
|relatives =
|awards  =
}}
'''Frances Abington''' ({{nee|'''Barton'''}}; 1737 – 4 March 1815) was an English actress who was also known for her sense of fashion.<ref name=EB/> Writer and politician [[Horace Walpole]] described her as one of the finest actors of their time, and [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]] was said to have written the part of Lady Teazle in ''[[The School for Scandal]]'' for her to perform.<ref name="Nussbaum">{{cite book |last1=Nussbaum |first1=Felicity |title=Rival queens : actresses, performance, and the eighteenth-century British theater |date=2010 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0812206890 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VkZlINhbj0IC |access-date=19 November 2021 |pages=226–264}}</ref><ref name=highfill/>

==Early life==
She was born Frances Barton (nicknamed "Fanny"), as the daughter of a private soldier. She began her career as a flower girl and a street singer. It was also rumoured that she recited [[Shakespeare]] in taverns at the age of 12, along with being a prostitute for a short period to help her family with financial problems.<ref name="Nussbaum" /> Later, she became a servant to a French [[Hatmaking|milliner]]. During that time, she learnt about costume and learnt French. Her early nickname, Nosegay Fan, came from her time as a flower girl.<ref name=EB/>

== Career ==
Her first appearance on stage was at [[Haymarket (London)|Haymarket]] in 1755<ref name=EB/> as Miranda in [[Susanna Centlivre|Mrs Centlivre]]'s play, ''Busybody''.<ref>[[Chambers Biographical Dictionary]], {{ISBN|0-550-18022-2}}, p. 5.</ref> She rose to become a principal actor in October 1756 when she was cast as Lady Pliant in ''The Double Dealer''at the [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane|Drury Lane]]. The play's cast also included the stars [[Hannah Pritchard]] and [[Kitty Clive]].<ref name=EB/> She also appeared in Ireland, where her Lady Townley (in ''[[The Provoked Husband]]'' by [[John Vanbrugh|Vanbrugh]] and [[Colley Cibber|Cibber]]) was a success. [[David Garrick]] convinced her to return to Drury Lane, and they worked together there until his retirement in 1776.<ref name="Nussbaum" />

From 1759 onwards she appeared in the bills as "Mrs Abington", following her marriage to her music tutor, the royal trumpeter James Abington. They separated shortly after their marriage as he could not cope with her popularity. They lived separately, with Fanny paying James a small annual stipend to stay away from her.<ref name="biog1888">{{cite book |title=The Life of Mrs Abington (formerly Miss Barton) Celebrated Comic Actress |date=1888 |pages=13–14 |publisher=Reader |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nf01AQAAIAAJ&dq=frances%20abington%20marriage&pg=PA14 |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> She subsequently had affairs with an Irish MP, Needham, who left her a considerable estate, and [[William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne]]. The income from her estate and her stage work made her a wealthy woman.<ref name="Nussbaum" />

She remained at the Drury Lane for 18 years, being the first to play more than 30 important characters, notably [[Lady Teazle]] (1777) in [[The School for Scandal]].<ref>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Abington, Frances|volume=1|page=64}}</ref>

In April 1772, when [[James Northcote (painter)|James Northcote]] saw her as Miss Notable in Cibber's ''The Lady's Last Stake'', he remarked to his brother {{Blockquote|I never saw a part done so excellent in all my life, for in her acting she has all the simplicity of nature and not the least tincture of the theatrical.<ref>Letter, 8 April 1772, in William T. Whitley, ''Artists and Their Friends in England 1700–1799'' (1928) vol. II, p.289.</ref>}}

[[File:Sir_Joshua_Reynolds_-_Mrs._Abington_as_Miss_Prue_in_%22Love_for_Love%22_by_William_Congreve_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|upright|right|''Mrs Abington as Miss Prue'' by Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]]]]

Her wealth and popularity meant she influenced fashion. The press reported on her hair styles: her low hair in ''The School for Scandal'' was praised for changing the fashion.<ref name="highfill">{{cite book |last1=Highfill |first1=Philip H. |last2=Burnim |first2=Kalman |last3=Langhans |first3=Edward |title=A biographical dictionary of actors, actresses, musicians, dancers, managers & other stage personnel in London, 1660–1800. Vol. 1, Abaco to Belfille |date=1973 |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |location=Carbondale, Ill. |isbn=0809305178 |pages=12–20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V8IutzpP0sYC&dq=frances+abington&pg=PA20 |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> Her performance as Kitty in "[[High Life Below Stairs]]" put her in the foremost rank of comic actresses and made the mob cap she wore in the role fashionable. It was soon being referred to as the "Abington Cap"<ref name="NPG">{{cite web |title=Frances Abington (née Barton) |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp14389/frances-abington-nee-barton |website=National Portrait Gallery |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> on stage and at hatters' shops across Ireland and England. 

It was as the last character in [[William Congreve|Congreve's]] ''Love for Love'' that Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]] painted the best-known of his half-dozen or more portraits of her (''illustration, left'').<ref>[http://collections.britishart.yale.edu/vufind/Record/1669236 "Mrs Abington" by Sir Joshua Reynolds Yale Center for British Arts]</ref> In 1782 she left Drury Lane for [[Royal Opera House|Covent Garden]].<ref name=EB/> After an absence from the stage from 1790 until 1797, she reappeared, quitting finally in 1799.<ref name=EB/>

==Death==
Frances Abington died on 4 March 1815 at her home on [[Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]], London. She was buried at [[St James's Church, Piccadilly]].<ref name=highfill/>

==Notes==
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{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Cite ODNB |last=Oddey |first=Alison |title=Abington, Frances |id=51}}
*{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Abington, Frances |first=Edward Dutton |last=Cook |volume=1 |pages=53-54}}
* {{cite Q|Q115281746|editor1=Henry Gardiner Adams}}<!-- [[s:A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Abingdon, Frances]] -->

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Abington, Frances}}
[[Category:1737 births]]
[[Category:1815 deaths]]
[[Category:English stage actresses]]
[[Category:18th-century English actresses]]
[[Category:English buskers]]