Editing Foreign relations of Vietnam

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use American English|date=January 2019}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}

[[File:Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hanoi, 1928 (2) (37781035864).jpg|thumb|300px|Foreign ministry in Hanoi]]

As of September 2024, '''Vietnam''' (officially the '''Socialist Republic of Vietnam''') maintains diplomatic relationships with 191 UN member states, [[State of Palestine]] and [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/cn_vakv/nr040819100948/nr190426155043/ns190426161213/view|title=- TÀI LIỆU CƠ BẢN VỀ CỘNG HÒA NAM SUDAN VÀ QUAN HỆ VỚI VIỆT NAM|website=www.mofa.gov.vn|access-date=2020-02-24}}</ref> 

Since the end of the Vietnam War and the unification of Vietnam, Vietnam's foreign policy has reflected a tension between two choices: "to reject the Western-led world order and oppose Western influence, or to accept the Western-led world order and adapt Western influence."<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Vuving |first=Alexander L. |title=Vietnam’s Search for Its Place in the World |date=2024 |work=The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War: Volume 3: Endings and Aftermaths |volume=3 |pages=588–608 |editor-last=Asselin |editor-first=Pierre |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-the-vietnam-war/vietnams-search-for-its-place-in-the-world/A591929D24EC0AF19851D7B08E51217B |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781316225288.031 |isbn=978-1-107-10512-6}}</ref> Over time, Vietnam has become more engaged in the international community.<ref name=":0" /> Vietnam has shifted from a fierce opponent of the United States to a discreet ally of the United States.<ref name=":0" /> Vietnam has for decades consistently sought to deny Chinese regional dominance.<ref name=":0" />  

==History==
===Feudal Vietnam===
Vietnam has a history stretching back more than 20,000 years. In its early history, Vietnam tried to maintain good relations with its neighbours. From the [[Hồng Bàng dynasty]] to many feudal dynasties like the [[Ngô dynasty|Ngô]], [[Đinh dynasty|Đinh]], [[Early Lê dynasty|Early Lê]], [[Lý dynasty|Lý]], [[Trần dynasty|Trần]], [[Later Lê dynasty|Later Lê]], [[Tây Sơn dynasty|Tây Sơn]] and [[Nguyễn dynasty|Nguyễn]], Vietnam's main diplomatic relationships were with neighboring Imperial China, [[Champa|Kingdom of Champa]], [[Khmer Empire]], [[Lan Xang|Lan Xang kingdom]] and [[Siam]]. Later trading relationship were established with European Countries (such as through the [[Dutch East India Company]]) and [[Japan]].

===Post-World War II===
+ Period 1945-1946: After the surrender of Japan, Both British and Chinese [[Kuomintang]] armies came into Vietnam territory to take the Japanese imperial army out of Indochina. The government of [[North Vietnam|Democratic Republic of Vietnam]] decided to have the peace agreement with [[Chiang Kai-shek]] of Kuomintang that stationed in the north Vietnam to let them pay attention to fight the French in the south. After that, Vietnam signed the peace treaty with France in 6/3/1946.<br />
+ Period 1947-1954 : Vietnam started to expand their foreign relation with the other countries in the world. In January, 1950, the [[China-Vietnam relations|People's Republic of China]] and the [[Russia-Vietnam relations|Soviet Union]] were the first two countries to recognize the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.<ref name=zhai_qiang>Zhai, Qiang. China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950–1975. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000</ref> Later, alliances were formed with Cambodia and Laos to make anti-French campaigns, building the friendship with the anti-colonial countries such as [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], [[Indonesia]] and [[India]].

===Cold War Era===
====Vietnam War====
{{Politics of Vietnam}}
During the [[Vietnam War]] (1959–1975), [[North Vietnam]] balanced relations with its two major allies, the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[People's Republic of China]].

In 1964, [[Zhou Enlai]], worried about the escalation of U.S. forces in South Vietnam, made an informal agreement with the North. The agreement stipulated that if U.S. and [[South Vietnamese]] forces invaded North Vietnam, the Chinese would respond by loaning pilots to the North. During the invasion, [[Mao Zedong]] failed to send as many trained pilots as he promised. As a result, the North became more reliant on the [[Soviet Union]] for its defense.<ref name=zhai_qiang/>

[[File:Vladimir Putin in Vietnam 1-2 March 2001-23.jpg|thumb|left|President [[Vladimir Putin]] attending a traditional get-together of [[Vietnamese people in Russia|Vietnamese graduates]] of Soviet and Russian universities and colleges, March 2001]]
By 1975, tension began to grow as Beijing increasingly viewed [[Vietnam]] as a potential Soviet instrument to encircle China. Meanwhile, Beijing's increasing support for [[Cambodia]]'s [[Khmer Rouge]] sparked Vietnamese suspicions of China's motives.

Vietnamese-Chinese relations deteriorated significantly after [[Hanoi]] instituted a ban in March 1978 on private trade, a move that particularly affected the Sino-Vietnamese sector of the population. Following Vietnam's [[Cambodian-Vietnamese War|December 1978 invasion of Cambodia]], China launched a retaliatory invasion of Vietnam's northern border region. Faced with severance of Chinese aid and strained international relations, Vietnam established even closer ties with the Soviet Union and its allies in the [[Comecon]] member states. Throughout the 1980s, Vietnam received nearly US$3&nbsp;billion a year in economic and military aid from the Soviet Union and conducted most of its trade with the U.S.S.R. and Comecon countries. Soviet and [[Eastern bloc]] economic aid, however, ceased after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

==Đổi mới (Reform)==
Vietnam didn't begin to emerge from international isolation until it withdrew its troops from Cambodia in 1989. Within months of the 1991 Paris Agreements, Vietnam established diplomatic and economic relations with [[ASEAN|Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN) member states and also with most countries of Western Europe and Asia's Far East. China re-established full diplomatic ties with Vietnam in 1991. The two nations concluded a land border demarcation agreement in 1999. In 1995, the US and Vietnam re-established diplomatic ties.<ref name="books.google.co.uk">[https://books.google.com/books?id=A2RaAAAAYAAJ&q=%22In+August+1995,+both+nations+upgraded+their+Liaison+Offices+opened+during+January+1995+to+embassy+status%22 ''Political Risk Yearbook: East Asia & the Pacific''], PRS Group, 2008, page 27</ref> [[United States–Vietnam relations]] improved in August 1995, when both nations upgraded their liaison offices opened during January 1995 to embassy status, with the United States later opening a [[consulate general]] in [[Ho Chi Minh City]], and Vietnam opening a consulate in San Francisco.<ref name="books.google.co.uk" />

Full diplomatic relations were restored with [[New Zealand]] who opened its embassy in Hanoi in 1995, while Vietnam established an embassy in Wellington in 2003. [[Pakistan]] reopened its embassy in Hanoi in October 2000. Vietnam also reopened its embassy in Islamabad in December 2005 and trade office in Karachi in November 2005.

In the past decade, Vietnam has recognized the importance of growing global economic interdependence and has made concerted efforts to adjust its foreign relations to reflect the evolving international economic and political situation in Southeast Asia. The country has begun to integrate itself into the regional and global economy by joining international organizations. Vietnam has stepped up its efforts to attract foreign capital from the West and regularize relations with the world financial system. In the 1990s, following the lifting of the US veto on multilateral loans to the country, Vietnam became a member of the [[World Bank]], the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF), and the [[Asian Development Bank]]. The country has expanded trade with its East Asian neighbors as well as with countries in Western Europe and North America. Of particular significance was Vietnam's acceptance into ASEAN in July 1995. Vietnam joined the [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] forum (APEC) in November 1998 and also hosted the ASEAN summit the following month. In 2005, Vietnam attended the inaugural [[East Asia Summit]]. Vietnam became a member of the [[World Trade Organization]] in November 2006.

==Current issues==
[[File:Quân đội duyệt binh ở Trường Sa.JPG|thumb|230px|Vietnamese troops on [[Spratly Island]]]]
In 2011 the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam]], at the [[11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam]], released an official statement about Vietnam's foreign policy and a section of the statement stated: "Vietnam is a friend and reliable partner of all countries in the international community, actively taking part in international and regional cooperation processes. Deepen, stabilize and sustain established international relations. Develop relations with countries and territories in the world, as well as international organizations, while showing: respect for each other's independence; sovereignty and territorial integrity; non-interference in each other's international affairs; non-use or threat of force; settlement of disagreements and disputes by means of peaceful negotiations; mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit."<ref>{{cite web |date=11 May 2012 |title=Viet Nam Foreign Policy |url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cs_doingoai/ |access-date=31 July 2013 |work=Vietnam Ministry of Foreign Affairs |publisher=Press and Information Department – Vietnam Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>

While Vietnam has remained relatively conflict-free since its Cambodia days, tensions have arisen in the past between Vietnam and its neighbors, especially in the case of China since both nations assert claims to the [[Spratly Islands|Spratly]] and [[Paracel Islands]] - the two archipelagos in a potentially oil-rich area of the [[South China Sea]]. Conflicting claims have produced over the years small scale armed altercations in the area. In 1988, more than 70 Vietnamese troops were killed during a confrontation with Chinese forces, when China occupied several islands under Vietnamese control in the Spratly Islands. China's assertion of control over the Spratly Islands and the entire South China Sea has elicited concern from Vietnam and its Southeast Asia neighbors. The territorial border between the two countries is being definitively mapped pursuant to a Land Border Agreement signed in December 1999, and an Agreement on Borders in the Gulf of Tonkin signed in December 2000. Vietnam and Russia declared a strategic partnership in March 2001 during the first visit ever to Hanoi of a Russian head of state, largely as an attempt to counterbalance China's growing profile in Southeast Asia.

'''Disputes – international:''' [[maritime boundary]] with [[Cambodia]] not defined; involved in a complex dispute over the [[Spratly Islands|Spratly -]] [[Paracel Islands]] with the People's Republic of China (PRC), [[Malaysia]], [[Philippines]], and possibly [[Brunei]]; maritime boundary with [[Thailand]] resolved in August 1997; maritime boundary dispute with the PRC in the [[Gulf of Tonkin]] resolved in 2000; Paracel Islands occupied by the PRC since 1974; offshore islands and sections of boundary with Cambodia are in dispute; agreement on land border with the People's Republic of China was signed in December 1999.

'''Illicit drugs:''' minor producer of opium poppy with 21&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> cultivated in 1999, capable of producing 11 metric tons of opium; probably minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin destined for the US and Europe; growing opium/heroin addiction; possible small-scale heroin production

== Diplomatic relations ==
List of countries which Vietnam maintains diplomatic relations with:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |[[File:Diplomatic relations of Vietnam.svg|frameless|425x425px]]
|-
!#
!Country<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2010 |title=Asia |url=https://lamdong.gov.vn/sites/lderd/operationnotes/countriesandregions/SitePages/asia.aspx |access-date=29 April 2023 |publisher=Government of Vietnam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2010 |title=Pacific |url=https://lamdong.gov.vn/sites/lderd/operationnotes/countriesandregions/SitePages/pacific.aspx |access-date=29 April 2023 |publisher=Government of Vietnam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2010 |title=Europe |url=https://lamdong.gov.vn/sites/lderd/operationnotes/countriesandregions/SitePages/europe.aspx |access-date=29 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2010 |title=America |url=https://lamdong.gov.vn/sites/lderd/operationnotes/countriesandregions/SitePages/america.aspx |access-date=29 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2010 |title=Africa |url=https://lamdong.gov.vn/sites/lderd/operationnotes/countriesandregions/SitePages/africa.aspx |access-date=29 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Viet Nam and ... |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?f1=series&as=1&sf=title&so=a&rm=&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic%20relations%20between%20Viet%20Nam%20and%20...&ln=en |access-date=29 April 2023}}</ref>
!Date
|-
|1
|{{flag|China}}
|{{dts|18 January 1950}}
|-
|2
|{{flag|Russia}}
|{{dts|30 January 1950}}
|-
|3
|{{flag|North Korea}}
|{{dts|31 January 1950}}
|-
|4
|{{flag|Romania}}
|{{dts|3 February 1950}}
|-
|5
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|{{dts|3 February 1950}}
|-
|6
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|{{dts|3 February 1950}}
|-
|7
|{{flag|Poland}}
|{{dts|4 February 1950}}
|-
|8
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|{{dts|7 February 1950}}
|-
|9
|{{flag|Albania}}
|{{dts|11 February 1950}}
|-
|10
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|{{dts|17 November 1954}}
|-
|11
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|{{dts|30 December 1955}}
|-
|12
|{{flag|Serbia}}
|{{dts|10 March 1957}}
|-
|13
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|{{dts|9 October 1958}}
|-
|14
|{{flag|Mali}}
|{{dts|30 October 1960}}
|-
|15
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|{{dts|2 December 1960}}
|-
|16
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|{{dts|27 March 1961}}
|-
|17
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|{{dts|13 April 1961}}
|-
|18
|{{flag|Laos}}
|{{dts|5 September 1962}}
|-
|19
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|{{dts|28 October 1962}}
|-
|20
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|{{dts|1 September 1963}}
|-
|21
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|{{dts|16 October 1963}}
|-
|22
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|{{dts|16 July 1964}}
|-
|23
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|{{dts|14 February 1965}}
|-
|24
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|{{dts|15 March 1965}}
|-
|25
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|{{dts|25 March 1965}}
|-
|26
|{{flag|Syria}}
|{{dts|21 July 1966}}
|-
|27
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|{{dts|24 June 1967}}
|-
|28
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|{{dts|10 July 1968}}
|-
|29
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|{{dts|11 January 1969}}
|-
|30
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|{{dts|26 August 1969}}
|-
|31
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|{{dts|29 December 1969}}
|-
|32
|{{flag|Somalia}}
|{{dts|7 June 1970}}
|-
|33
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|{{dts|21 July 1970}}
|-
|34
|{{flag|Chile}}
|{{dts|25 March 1971}}
|-
|35
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|{{dts|11 October 1971}}
|-
|36
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|{{dts|25 November 1971}}
|-
|37
|{{flag|Norway}}
|{{dts|25 November 1971}}
|-
|38
|{{flag|India}}
|{{dts|7 January 1972}}
|-
|39
|{{flag|Cameroon}}
|{{dts|30 August 1972}}
|-
|40
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|{{dts|1 September 1972}}
|-
|41
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|{{dts|15 September 1972}}
|-
|42
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|{{dts|8 November 1972}}
|-
|43
|{{flag|Austria}}
|{{dts|1 December 1972}}
|-
|44
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|{{dts|15 December 1972}}
|-
|45
|{{flag|Madagascar}}
|{{dts|19 December 1972}}
|-
|46
|{{flag|Finland}}
|{{dts|25 January 1973}}
|-
|47
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|{{dts|9 February 1973}}
|-
|48
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|{{dts|11 February 1973}}
|-
|49
|{{flag|Australia}}
|{{dts|26 February 1973}}
|-
|50
|{{flag|Benin}}
|{{dts|14 March 1973}}
|-
|51
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|{{dts|22 March 1973}}
|-
|52
|{{flag|Italy}}
|{{dts|23 March 1973}}
|-
|53
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|{{dts|30 March 1973}}
|-
|54
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|{{dts|9 April 1973}}
|-
|55
|{{flag|France}}
|{{dts|12 April 1973}}
|-
|56
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|{{dts|1 August 1973}}
|-
|57
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|{{dts|3 August 1973}}
|-
|58
|{{flag|Iran}}
|{{dts|4 August 1973}}
|-
|59
|{{flag|Canada}}
|{{dts|21 August 1973}}
|-
|60
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{dts|11 September 1973}}
|-
|61
|{{flag|Japan}}
|{{dts|21 September 1973}}
|-
|62
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
|{{dts|30 September 1973}}
|-
|63
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|{{dts|25 October 1973}}
|-
|64
|{{flag|Gambia}}
|{{dts|30 October 1973}}
|-
|65
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
|{{dts|15 November 1973}}
|-
|66
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
|{{dts|16 November 1973}}
|-
|67
|{{flag|Malta}}
|{{dts|14 January 1974}}
|-
|68
|{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}
|{{dts|16 September 1974}}
|-
|69
|{{flag|Gabon}}
|{{dts|9 January 1975}}
|-
|70
|{{flag|Togo}}
|{{dts|8 February 1975}}
|-
|71
|{{flag|Niger}}
|{{dts|7 March 1975}}
|-
|72
|{{flag|Libya}}
|{{dts|15 March 1975}}
|-
|73
|{{flag|Greece}}
|{{dts|15 April 1975}}
|-
|74
|{{flag|Burundi}}
|{{dts|16 April 1975}}
|-
|75
|{{flag|Guyana}}
|{{dts|19 April 1975}}
|-
|76
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|{{dts|15 May 1975}}
|-
|77
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|{{dts|19 May 1975}}
|-
|78
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|{{dts|28 May 1975}}
|-
|79
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|{{dts|8 June 1975}}
|-
|80
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|{{dts|19 June 1975}}
|-
|81
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|{{dts|25 June 1975}}
|-
|82
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|{{dts|1 July 1975}}
|-
|83
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|{{dts|8 July 1975}}
|-
|84
|{{flag|Panama}}
|{{dts|28 August 1975}}
|-
|85
|{{flag|Germany}}
|{{dts|12 September 1975}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2024 |title=Vietnam: Steckbrief |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/vietnam-node/vietnam/217272 |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |language=de}}</ref>
|-
|86
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|{{dts|30 September 1975}}
|-
|87
|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}
|{{dts|6 October 1975}}
|-
|88
|{{flag|Angola}}
|{{dts|12 November 1975}}
|-
|89
|{{flag|Cyprus}}
|{{dts|29 November 1975}}
|-
|90
|{{flag|Jamaica}}
|{{dts|5 January 1976}}
|-
|91
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|{{dts|10 January 1976}}
|-
|92
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|{{dts|23 February 1976}}
|-
|93
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|{{dts|24 April 1976}}
|-
|94
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|{{dts|25 May 1976}}
|-
|95
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|{{dts|12 July 1976}}
|-
|96
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|{{dts|6 August 1976}}
|-
|97
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|{{dts|6 November 1976}}
|-
|98
|{{flag|Spain}}
|{{dts|23 May 1977}}
|-
|99
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|{{dts|7 June 1978}}
|-
|100
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
|{{dts|24 June 1978}}
|-
|101
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|{{dts|1 January 1979}}
|-
|—
|{{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}
|{{dts|2 March 1979}}
|-
|102
|{{flag|Grenada}}
|{{dts|15 July 1979}}
|-
|103
|{{flag|Seychelles}}
|{{dts|16 August 1979}}
|-
|104
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|{{dts|3 September 1979}}
|-
|105
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|{{dts|1 January 1980}}
|-
|106
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|{{dts|19 August 1980}}
|-
|107
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|{{dts|12 February 1981}}
|-
|108
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|{{dts|24 July 1981}}
|-
|109
|{{flag|Chad}}
|{{dts|5 October 1981}}
|-
|110
|{{flag|Vanuatu}}
|{{dts|3 March 1982}}
|-
|111
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|{{dts|10 February 1987}}
|-
|—
|{{flag|State of Palestine}}
|{{dts|19 November 1988}}
|-
|112
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|{{dts|8 May 1989}}
|-
|113
|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}
|{{dts|3 November 1989}}
|-
|114
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|{{dts|8 December 1989}}
|-
|115
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|{{dts|21 March 1990}}
|-
|116
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|{{dts|30 April 1991}}
|-
|117
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|{{dts|17 January 1992}}
|-
|118
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|{{dts|23 January 1992}}
|-
|119
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|{{dts|24 January 1992}}
|-
|120
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|{{dts|12 February 1992}}
|-
|121
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|{{dts|20 February 1992}}
|-
|122
|{{flag|Brunei}}
|{{dts|29 February 1992}}
|-
|123
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|{{dts|18 March 1992}}
|-
|124
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|{{dts|4 June 1992}}
|-
|125
|{{flag|Oman}}
|{{dts|9 June 1992}}
|-
|126
|{{flag|Moldova}}
|{{dts|11 June 1992}}
|-
|127
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|{{dts|29 June 1992}}
|-
|128
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|{{dts|30 June 1992}}
|-
|129
|{{flag|Marshall Islands}}
|{{dts|1 July 1992}}
|-
|130
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|{{dts|14 July 1992}}
|-
|131
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|{{dts|14 July 1992}}
|-
|132
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|{{dts|29 July 1992}}
|-
|133
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|{{dts|23 September 1992}}
|-
|134
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|{{dts|22 December 1992}}
|-
|135
|{{flag|Slovakia}}
|{{Dts|1 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Štáty a teritóriá |url=https://www.mzv.sk/staty |access-date=26 May 2023 |language=sk}}</ref>
|-
|136
|{{flag|Guatemala}}
|{{dts|7 January 1993}}
|-
|137
|{{flag|Qatar}}
|{{dts|8 February 1993}}
|-
|138
|{{flag|Fiji}}
|{{dts|14 May 1993}}
|-
|139
|{{flag|Israel}}
|{{dts|12 July 1993}}
|-
|140
|{{flag|Eritrea}}
|{{dts|20 July 1993}}
|-
|141
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|{{dts|1 August 1993}}
|-
|142
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|{{dts|11 August 1993}}
|-
|143
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|{{dts|22 December 1993}}
|-
|144
|{{flag|Samoa}}
|{{dts|9 March 1994}}
|-
|145
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|{{dts|4 May 1994}}
|-
|146
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|{{dts|7 June 1994}}
|-
|147
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
|{{dts|10 June 1994}}
|-
|148
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|{{dts|1 July 1994}}
|-
|149
|{{flag|Peru}}
|{{dts|14 November 1994}}
|-
|150
|{{flag|Belize}}
|{{dts|4 January 1995}}
|-
|151
|{{flag|Bahrain}}
|{{dts|31 March 1995}}
|-
|152
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|{{dts|30 May 1995}}
|-
|153
|{{flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}
|{{dts|22 June 1995}}
|-
|154
|{{flag|United States}}
|{{dts|12 July 1995}}
|-
|155
|{{flag|Barbados}}
|{{dts|25 August 1995}}
|-
|156
|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|{{dts|18 December 1995}}
|-
|157
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|{{dts|21 December 1995}}
|-
|158
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|{{dts|26 January 1996}}
|-
|159
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|{{dts|5 April 1996}}
|-
|160
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|{{dts|30 October 1996}}
|-
|161
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|{{dts|26 September 1997}}
|-
|162
|{{flag|Suriname}}
|{{dts|19 December 1997}}
|-
|163
|{{flag|Lesotho}}
|{{dts|6 January 1998}}
|-
|164
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|{{dts|21 October 1999}}
|-
|165
|{{flag|Timor-Leste}}
|{{dts|28 July 2002}}
|-
|166
|{{flag|Honduras}}
|{{dts|17 May 2005}}
|-
|167
|{{flag|Nauru}}
|{{dts|21 June 2006}}
|-
|168
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
|{{dts|4 August 2006}}
|-
|169
|{{flag|Andorra}}
|{{dts|12 June 2007}}
|-
|170
|{{flag|San Marino}}
|{{dts|6 July 2007}}
|-
|171
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|{{dts|7 July 2007}}
|-
|172
|{{flag|Monaco}}
|{{dts|29 November 2007}}
|-
|173
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}
|{{dts|2 July 2008}}
|-
|174
|{{flag|Palau}}
|{{dts|18 August 2008}}
|-
|175
|{{flag|Central African Republic}}
|{{dts|10 November 2008}}
|-
|176
|{{flag|Botswana}}
|{{dts|11 February 2009}}
|-
|177
|{{flag|El Salvador}}
|{{dts|16 January 2010}}<ref name=":142">{{Cite web |title=REGISTRO DE FECHAS DE ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RD |url=https://www.transparencia.gob.sv/institutions/rree/documents/338286/download |access-date=9 March 2022 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|178
|{{flag|Bhutan}}
|{{dts|19 January 2012}}
|-
|179
|{{flag|Eswatini}}
|{{dts|21 May 2013}}
|-
|180
|{{flag|Dominica}}
|{{dts|1 November 2013}}
|-
|181
|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
|{{dts|1 November 2013}}
|-
|182
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|{{dts|8 November 2013}}
|-
|183
|{{flag|Kiribati}}
|{{dts|15 September 2014}}
|-
|184
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|{{dts|24 September 2015}}
|-
|185
|{{flag|Liberia}}
|{{dts|28 June 2016}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Liberia and Socialist Republic of Vietnam Establish Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.mofa.gov.lr/public2/2press.php?news_id=2130&related=7&pg=sp |access-date=29 April 2023 |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429134519/https://www.mofa.gov.lr/public2/2press.php?news_id=2130&related=7&pg=sp |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|186
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}
|{{dts|26 June 2018}}
|-
|187
|{{flag|South Sudan}}
|{{dts|21 February 2019}}
|-
|—
|{{flag|Cook Islands}}
|{{dts|26 April 2022}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2022 |title=Vietnam, Cook Islands Establish Diplomatic Relations |url=https://vietnamtimes.org.vn/vietnam-cook-islands-establish-diplomatic-relations-41717.html |access-date=29 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
|188
|{{flag|Bahamas}}
|{{dts|6 January 2023}}
|-
|189
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|{{dts|1 February 2023}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vietnam, Trinidad and Tobago set up diplomatic ties |url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam-trinidad-and-tobago-set-up-diplomatic-ties/247721.vnp |website=Vietnam Plus |agency=[[Vietnam News Agency]] |date=2 February 2023 |access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|190
|{{flag|Tonga}}
|{{dts|21 September 2023}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 September 2023 |title=Vietnam and Tonga established diplomatic relations |url=https://english.vov.vn/en/politics/diplomacy/vietnam-and-tonga-established-diplomatic-relations-post1047598.vov |access-date=22 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|191
|{{Flag|Malawi}}
|{{dts|23 September 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2024 |title=Vietnam and Malawi establish diplomatic relations |url=https://english.vov.vn/en/politics/diplomacy/vietnam-and-malawi-establish-diplomatic-relations-post1123701.vov |access-date=24 September 2024 |website=english.vov.vn}}</ref>
|}

==Bilateral relations==
===Africa===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Algeria}}||<!--Start date-->
|See [[Algeria–Vietnam relations]]

* Algeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Algiers]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Angola}}||<!--Start date-->
|See [[Angola–Vietnam relations]]

* Angola has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Luanda]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}||<!--Start date-->
|
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 1973.<ref name="ReferenceC" />
*Both countries are full members of the [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]].

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Burundi}}||<!--Start date-->16 April 1975
|
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 April 1975.<ref name="ReferenceC" />
*Both countries are full members of the [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}||<!--Start date-->8 July 1975
|
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 July 1975.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |date=26 April 2022 |title=Vietnam, the Cook Islands set up diplomatic ties |url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam-the-cook-islands-set-up-diplomatic-ties/227586.vnp |website=Vietnam News Agency}}</ref>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Central African Republic}}||<!--Start date-->10 November 2008
|
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 2008.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Comoros}}||<!--Start date-->
|
Both countries are full members of the [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Djibouti}}||{{dts|1991}}
|
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1991.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/|title = - Home Page}}</ref> 
*Both countries are full members of [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Egypt}}||<!--Start date-->01 September 1963||

* Egypt has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Cairo]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}||<!--Start date-->1973||
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1973.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> 
* Guinea-Bissau is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Beijing, China.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kenya}}||<!--Start date-->21 December 1995
|See [[Kenya–Vietnam relations]]
* As of 1998, this was the last African country with which Vietnam established bilateral diplomatic links.<ref>Lưu, Văn Lợi. ''Fifty Years of Vietnamese Diplomacy, 1945–1995. Volume II, 1975–1995''. Hanoi: Thê Gioi Publishers, 2002. p. 246</ref>
* Kenya is accredited to Vietnam through its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.<ref name="kenyaembassy">[http://kenyaembassy.or.th/embassy/ Kenya Embassy Vietnam. Retrieved on 6 February 2015.]</ref> 
* Vietnam's embassy in Tanzania is accredited to Kenya.<ref name="vietnamembassy">{{cite web|url=http://www.vietnamembassy-tanzania.org/en |title=Vietnam Embassy in Tanzania - main_page |access-date=2015-02-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120062419/http://www.vietnamembassy-tanzania.org/en |archive-date=2015-01-20 }}. Vietnam Embassy Tanzania. Retrieved on 6 February 2015.</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Libya}}||<!--Start date-->15 March 1975
|See [[Libya–Vietnam relations]]

* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1975.
* Libya has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].
* Vietnam is accredited to Libya from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Madagascar}}||<!--Start date-->19 December 1972
|* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 December 1972.
* Madagascar is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Beijing, China.
* Vietnam is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique and has an honorary consulate in Antananarivo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}||<!--Start date-->24 June 1978
|* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1978.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* Vietnam is accredited to Sierra Leone from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tanzania}}||<!--Start date--> 14 February 1965<ref>{{cite web|title=Tanzania| url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/cn_vakv/nr040819100948/nr040819115747/ns111002214323/view|access-date=12 March 2016|language=vi}}</ref>
|See [[Tanzania–Vietnam relations]]
|}

===Americas===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Argentina}}||<!--Start date--> 1973-10-25
|
* Since December 1996, Argentina has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embargentina.org.vn/|title=Tin tức xét tuyển Cao Đẳng 2018 - Embargentina.org.vn|website=Tin tức xét tuyển Cao Đẳng 2018 - Embargentina.org.vn|access-date=23 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721083704/http://www.embargentina.org.vn/|archive-date=21 July 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Since January 1995, Vietnam has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]].
* Argentine Ministry of Foreign Relations: list of bilateral treaties with Vietnam (in Spanish only)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mrecic.gov.ar/portal/seree/ditra/vn.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531182705/http://www.mrecic.gov.ar/portal/seree/ditra/vn.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 May 2011|title=Vietnam|date=31 May 2011}}</ref>
* Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Argentina<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/america/nr040819113612|title = - Home Page}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Brazil}}||<!--Start date-->1989-05-08||

* Brazil has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Brasília]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Canada}}||<!--Start date--> 1973-08-21
|See [[Canada–Vietnam relations]]
* Canada maintains an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate general in Ho Chi Minh City.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Ottawa]] and a consulate general in [[Vancouver]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Chile}}||<!--Start date--> 
|See [[Chile–Vietnam relations]]

* Chile has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Santiago]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cuba}}||<!--Start date-->1960-12-02||See [[Cuba–Vietnam relations]]

* Cuba has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Havana]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}||<!--Date started-->July 7, 2005||

* Dominican Republic has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]
* Vietnam is accredited to the Dominican Republic from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Guyana}}||<!--Date started-->19 April 1975||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1975.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> 
*Economic and commercial relations are very limited.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/america/nr071219142502/ns071219142545|title=- VIETNAM - GUYANA RELATIONS|website=Mofa.gov.vn|access-date=18 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119062629/http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/america/nr071219142502/ns071219142545|archive-date=19 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mexico}}||<!--Start date--> 1975-07-15||See [[Mexico–Vietnam relations]]

* Mexico has an embassy in Hanoi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/vietnam/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx}}</ref>
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Mexico City]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vietnamembassy-mexico.org/endorsement-contracts-wills-power-of-attorney-the-document-excerpt-copy-copies-of-documentation-translation-abroad/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001183437/http://www.vietnamembassy-mexico.org/en|url-status=dead|title=Endorsement contracts, wills, power of attorney, the document excerpt, copy, copies of documentation, translation abroad|archivedate=1 October 2016}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Panama}}||<!-- Start date -->28 August 1975||

* Panama has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in [[Ho Chi Minh City]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://mire.gob.pa/ministerio/embajada-y-consulado/ho-chi-minh-consulado-general-de-marina-mercante-de-panama/|title=HO CHI MINH CONSULADO DE PANAMÁ |date=2020 |publisher=Panamian Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=24 July 2020}}</ref>
* Vietnam is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Paraguay}}||<!-- Start date -->30 May 1995||

* Paraguay is accredited to Vietnam from embassy in [[Tokyo]], Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embapar.jp/ja/consular_section/|title=領事部|publisher=Paraguayan Embassy in Tokyo|access-date=2020-08-26|archive-date=2020-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420141748/http://www.embapar.jp/ja/consular_section/}}</ref>
* Vietnam is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Buenos Aíres, Argentina.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Peru}}||<!--Start date--> 
|See [[Peru–Vietnam relations]]

* Peru has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United States }}||<!--Start date--> 1995-07-11
|See [[United States–Vietnam relations]]

* United States has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in [[Ho Chi Minh City]].
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Houston]], [[New York City]] and [[San Francisco]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uruguay}}||<!--Start date--> 
|See [[Uruguay–Vietnam relations]]

* Uruguay has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Venezuela }}||<!--Start date--> 1989-12-18
|See [[Venezuela–Vietnam relations]]
Vietnam has an embassy in [[Caracas]] and Venezuela an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. Though bilateral trade was $11.7&nbsp;million in 2007<ref name="ap-nam">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jkkCD4fkPFweyP2V8SDQJkGOFu8A |title=AFP: Vietnam president hails joint ties in Venezuela visit |access-date=11 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310095109/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jkkCD4fkPFweyP2V8SDQJkGOFu8A |archive-date=10 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> relations show "great potential".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/america/nr040819114210/ns071219132542 |title=- VIETNAM – VENEZUELA RELATIONS |website=Nofa.gov.vn |access-date=21 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716233824/https://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/america/nr040819114210/ns071219132542 |archive-date=16 July 2012}}</ref> Over the past ten years, the two countries have witnessed new developments in various fields, including politics, economics, culture and society, particularly in the oil and gas industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/nr040807104143/nr040807105001/ns090304081948|title=- Vietnam-Venezuela relations bear fruit|website=mofa.gov.vn|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>

Vietnamese President [[Nguyễn Minh Triết]] arrived in Caracas on 18 November for a two-day official visit on an invitation from Hugo Chávez.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhandan.com.vn/english/news/201108/domestic_p.htm|title=Báo Nhân Dân - Phiên bản tiếng Việt|website=Báo Nhân Dân - Phiên bản tiếng Việt|access-date=18 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912011929/http://www.nhandan.com.vn/english/news/201108/domestic_p.htm|archive-date=12 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Triet hailed Vietnam's friendship with Venezuela as he sought to focus on tying up oil and gas deals, including a joint development fund. He said that "We (Vietnamese) are grateful for the support and solidarity that they (Venezuelans) have offered us until now." Triết said.

Since Hugo Chávez's visit to Vietnam in 2006, his government stepped up bilateral relations with the country, which also included a visit by the Communist Party general secretary, [[Nông Đức Mạnh]] in 2007. [[Petróleos de Venezuela]] and [[Petrovietnam]] also announced a number of joint projects since the 2006 visit, including Petrovietnam's was given a concession in the [[Orinoco]] basin and an agreement to transport Venezuelan oil to Vietnam, where the two would together build an oil refinery that Vietnam lacks. On the 2006 visit, Chávez praised Vietnam's revolutionary history as he attacked the United States for its "imperialist" crimes in the [[Vietnam War]]. On the 2008 visit Triết returned similar comments as he lauded a group of Venezuelans who captured a US soldier during the Vietnam war in an unsuccessful bid to prevent the execution of a Vietnamese revolutionary.<ref name="ap-nam"/> The two leaders also signed a deal for a $200&nbsp;million joint fund and 15 cooperation projects.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jL1WR-f-SEhFKgCGZTgXb4LzG1hQ |title=AFP: Vietnam and Venezuela set up 200 million dollar joint fund |access-date=11 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310025711/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jL1WR-f-SEhFKgCGZTgXb4LzG1hQ |archive-date=10 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In March 2008 an agreement was signed to cooperate in tourism between Vietnam and Venezuela. President Nguyễn Minh Triết received the PDVSA's vice president Asdrubal Chavez and stated that oil and gas cooperation would become a typical example of their multi-faceted cooperation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/nr040807104143/nr040807105001/ns090810102937|title=- State President receives Venezuelan oil corp.'s vice president|website=Mofa.gov.vn|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> In 2009 the Venezuelan government approved $46.5&nbsp;million for an agricultural development project with Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/nr040807104143/nr040807105001/ns090330083057|title=- Venezuela, Vietnam cooperate in agriculture|website=Mofa.gov.vn|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
|}

===Asia===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Afghanistan }}||<!--Date started-->16 September 1974||*Vietnam had an embassy in [[Kabul]] from 1978 to 1992.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.colombo.mfa.af/news/vietnam-afghanistan-relations-ambassador-pham-calls-on-ambassador-haidari.html|title=Vietnam-Afghanistan Relations: Ambassador Pham Calls on Ambassador Haidari - EMBASSY OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN &#124; COLOMBO - SRI LANKA|access-date=8 September 2021|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908203831/https://www.colombo.mfa.af/news/vietnam-afghanistan-relations-ambassador-pham-calls-on-ambassador-haidari.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Armenia }}||<!--Date started-->14 July 1992||
* Diplomatic relations between [[Armenia]] and [[Vietnam]] were established on 14 July 1992.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/euro/nr040819105821/ns070924160837|title=- VIETNAM AND THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA RELATIONS|website=Mofa.gov.vn|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref>
* Vietnam is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.am/en/country-by-country/vn/|title=Vietnam - Bilateral Relations - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia|website=Mfa.am|access-date=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530035741/http://www.mfa.am/en/country-by-country/vn/|archive-date=30 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Armenia has an embassy in Hanoi. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||<!--Date started-->|| 
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bangladesh }}||<!--Date started-->2 November 1973||See [[Bangladesh–Vietnam relations]]

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Brunei}}||<!--Start date-->29 February 1992||See [[Brunei–Vietnam relations]]
Brunei has an embassy in Hanoi, and Vietnam has an embassy in [[Bandar Seri Begawan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofat.gov.bn/index.php/bilateral-relations/item/91 |title=Brunei-Vietnam Relations |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Brunei)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade]] |access-date=12 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222045528/http://www.mofat.gov.bn/index.php/bilateral-relations/item/91 |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cambodia}}||<!--Date started-->24 June 1967||See [[Cambodia–Vietnam relations]]
Since the 1990s, relations between these nations have been improving. Both countries are members of multilateral regional organizations ASEAN and the [[Mekong–Ganga Cooperation]]. Both have opened and developed cross-border trade and sought to relax visa regulations to that end.<ref name="A">{{cite web |title=Viet Nam-Cambodia trade set to increase 27% |url=http://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/01/viet-nam-cambodia-trade-set-to-increase.html |date=18 January 2008 |publisher=Vietnam Business News |access-date=11 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123175914/http://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/01/viet-nam-cambodia-trade-set-to-increase.html |archive-date=23 January 2008}}</ref> Both governments have set official targets of increasing bilateral trade by 27% to US$2.3&nbsp;billion by 2010 and to $6.5&nbsp;billion by 2015.<ref name="A"/><ref name="M">{{cite news |title=NAGASAKI, Viet Nam target $2.3&nbsp;billion in bilateral trade by 2010 |url=http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/showarticle.php?num=03BUS210108 |date=21 January 2008 |newspaper=Vietnam News |access-date=11 June 2008}}</ref> Vietnam exported US$1.2&nbsp;billion worth of goods to Cambodia in 2007. While Cambodia is only the 16th largest importer of Vietnamese goods, Vietnam is Cambodia's third-largest export market.<ref name="A"/>

* Cambodia has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Phnom Penh]] and consulates-general in [[Battambang]] and [[Sihanoukville (city)|Sihanoukville]].

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|China}}||<!--Date started-->960 ([[Song dynasty|Song]])<br />18 January 1950 (PRC)||See [[China–Vietnam relations]]
[[File:Belt and Road Initiative participant map.svg|thumb|250px|Countries which signed cooperation documents related to the [[Belt and Road Initiative]]]]
After both sides resumed trade links in 1991, growth in bilateral trade has increased from US$32&nbsp;million in 1991 to almost $7.2&nbsp;billion by 2004.<ref name="AT">{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/GG21Ae01.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050723004014/http://atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/GG21Ae01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=23 July 2005 |title=China, Vietnam find love |access-date=3 June 2008 |work=Asia Times|date=21 July 2005}}</ref> Both governments have set the target of increasing trade volume to US$10&nbsp;billion by 2010.<ref name="AT"/> Vietnam's exports to China include [[crude oil]], coal, coffee and food, while China exports pharmaceuticals, machinery, petroleum, fertilizers and automobile parts to Vietnam. China has become Vietnam's second-largest trading partner and the largest source of imports.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="Sina"/> Both nations are working to establish an "economic corridor" from China's [[Yunnan]] to Vietnam's northern provinces and cities, and similar economic zones in the Gulf of Tonkin and connecting the Nanning of Guangxi province, Lang Son province, Hanoi, Haiphong and Quang Ninh province of Vietnam.<ref name="AT"/> Air and sea transport as well as railway have been opened between the two countries, so have the 7 pairs of national-level ports in the frontier provinces and regions of the two countries.<ref name="Sina">{{cite web |url=http://english.sina.com/1/2005/1028/51407.html |title=China-Vietnam Bilateral Relations |access-date=3 June 2008 |publisher=Sina.com|date=28 October 2005}}</ref> Both sides have also launched joint ventures such as the Thai Nguyen Steel Complex, which produces hundreds of thousands of tonnes of steel products.<ref name="AT"/>

* China has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulates-general in Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Guangzhou]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Kunming]], [[Nanning]] and [[Shanghai]]. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Georgia}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Georgia is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Beijing, China.
* Vietnam is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Astana, Kazakhstan.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|India }}||<!--Date started-->7/1/1972||See [[India–Vietnam relations]]
India and Vietnam are members of the [[Mekong–Ganga Cooperation]], created to develop to enhance close ties between India and nations of Southeast Asia. Vietnam has supported India's bid to become a [[U.N. Security Council|permanent member of the U.N. Security Council]] and join the [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] (APEC).<ref name="HL2">{{cite web |title=Vietnam backs India for APEC membership |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2000/11/08/stories/0308000c.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=7 November 2000 |access-date=16 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216135044/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2000/11/08/stories/0308000c.htm |archive-date=16 December 2008 }}</ref> In the 2003 joint declaration, India and Vietnam envisaged creating an "Arc of Advantage and Prosperity" in Southeast Asia;<ref name="VN">{{cite web|title=Vietnam, India issue joint declaration on strategic partnership |url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/politics/2007/07/715169/ |publisher=VietNamNet Bridge |access-date=16 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141740/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/politics/2007/07/715169/ |archive-date=16 December 2008}}</ref> to this end, Vietnam has backed a more important relationship and role between India and the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN) and its negotiation of an Indo-ASEAN [[free trade agreement]].<ref name="VN"/><ref name="IPCS">{{cite web|title=India and Vietnam in changing East Asia |url=http://ipcs.org/southeastasia_publications2.jsp?action=showView&kValue=2278&country=1016&status=article&mod=a |publisher=Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies |access-date=16 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820150332/http://www.ipcs.org/southeastasia_publications2.jsp?action=showView&kValue=2278&country=1016&status=article&mod=a |archive-date=20 August 2007 }}</ref> India and Vietnam have also built strategic partnerships, including extensive cooperation on developing [[nuclear power]], enhancing regional security and fighting terrorism, [[transnational crime]] and drug trafficking.<ref name="VN"/><ref name="IV">{{cite web |title=India-Vietnam: Developing a Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.asianaffairs.com/may2008/cdrfiles/india_vietnam.pdf.|work=Asian Affairs |access-date=16 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="VO">{{cite web |title=India, Vietnam sign MoU for bilateral cooperation on security |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Economy/India_Vietnam_sign_MoU_for_bilateral_cooperation_on_security/articleshow/2895191.cms |date=24 March 2008 |work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=16 June 2008}}</ref>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Indonesia}}||<!--Date Started--> 30 December 1955|| See [[Indonesia–Vietnam relations]]
*Vietnam and Indonesia are both members of ([[ASEAN]]), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
*President [[Megawati Sukarnoputri]] of Indonesia visited Vietnam in June 2003. At this time the two countries signed a "Declaration on the Framework of Friendly and Comprehensive Cooperation Entering the 21st Century". 
*In May 2005 President [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] of Indonesia visited Vietnam. In the December of the same year festivities were organized in the respective capital cities to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.vovnews.vn/Home/Vietnam-Indonesia-aim-for-allround-cooperation-development/20062/37663.vov|title=Vietnam Indonesia aim for all round cooperation, development|website=Vovnews.vn|access-date=16 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727022746/http://english.vovnews.vn/Home/Vietnam-Indonesia-aim-for-allround-cooperation-development/20062/37663.vov|archive-date=27 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Due to the ongoing South China Sea disputes, both Vietnam and Indonesia has supported a restraint in militarizing the issue. China claims the EEZ of the Natuna Island of Indonesia, while it also claims most of the South China Sea including the Vietnam-claimed Paracel and Spratly islands.

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iran }}||<!--Date started-->4 August 1973||See [[Iran–Vietnam relations]]

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iraq }}||<!--Date started-->10 July 1968||
See [[Iraq–Vietnam relations]]
* Since December 1969, Iraq has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam is accredited to Iraq from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Israel }}||<!--Date started-->12 July 1993 ||See [[Israel–Vietnam relations]]
* Since December 1993, Israel has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hanoi.mfa.gov.il/mfm/web/main/document.asp?SubjectID=18367&MissionID=103&LanguageID=0&StatusID=0&DocumentID=-1 |title=The Israeli Government's Official Website, by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=16 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409154343/http://hanoi.mfa.gov.il/mfm/web/main/document.asp?SubjectID=18367&MissionID=103&LanguageID=0&StatusID=0&DocumentID=-1 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Tel Aviv]].
* See also [[History of the Jews in Vietnam]]
*  Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Israel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/nr040830134623/nr040920144424|title=- Home Page}}</ref>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Japan }}||<!--Date started-->1605 ([[Tokugawa shogunate]])<br />21 September 1973||See [[Japan-Vietnam relations]]
*Lord [[Nguyễn Hoàng]] started to send national letter to [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] to invite Japanese merchant to come to Hội An in 1605
*Prince Cường Để exiled in Japan in 1905
*Việt Nam Duy Tân Hội (Vietnam Modernization Association) created in 1904 by [[Phan Bội Châu]], The Vietnamese nationalist who wished to bring his people to Japan to study through Đông Du Movement
*[[Empire of Japan]] invaded [[French Indochina]] in 1940
*Surrender of Japan in 1945
*Both nation established relation on 21 September 1973
*Following 23 October 1991 Final Act of the International [[Paris Conference on Cambodia]] among the Cambodian parties, [[Indonesia]] (as co-chair with France), and the five permanent members of the [[United Nations Security Council]], Japan promptly established diplomatic relations and ended economic restrictions with Cambodia and Vietnam. In November 1992, Tokyo offered Vietnam US$370&nbsp;million in aid. Japan also took a leading role in peacekeeping activities in Cambodia. Japan's [[Akashi Yasushi]], UN Undersecretary General for Disarmament, was head of the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia, and Japan pledged US$3&nbsp;million and even sent approximately 2,000 personnel, including members of the [[Japan Self-Defense Force|SDF]], to participate directly in maintaining the peace. Despite the loss of a Japanese peacekeeper killed in an ambush, the force remained in Cambodia until the Cambodians were able to elect and install a government.

Japan is the single biggest country donor to Vietnam. It has pledged US$890&nbsp;million in aid for the country this year, or 6.5 percent higher than the 2006 level of $US 835.6&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/travel/highspeed-rail-to-save-travel-time/2007/02/07/1170524142733.html|title=Vietnam to build high-speed rail - Travel|website=Smh.com.au|date=7 February 2007|language=en|access-date=2018-04-07}}</ref>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kazakhstan }}||<!--Date started-->26 September 1992||

* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Astana]].
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in Hanoi.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Laos}}||<!--Start date-->5/9/1962||See [[Laos-Vietnam relations]]
Although Vietnam's historical record of leadership in the revolution and its military power and proximity will not cease to exist, Laos struck out ahead of Vietnam with its New Economic Mechanism to introduce market mechanisms into its economy. In so doing, Laos has opened the door to rapprochement with Thailand and China at some expense to its special dependence on Vietnam. Laos might have reached the same point of normalization in following Vietnam's economic and diplomatic change, but by moving ahead resolutely and responding to Thai and Chinese gestures, Laos has broadened its range of donors, trading partners, and investors independent of Vietnam's attempts to accomplish the same goal. Thus, Vietnam remains in the shadows as a mentor and emergency ally, and the tutelage of Laos has shifted dramatically to development banks and international entrepreneurs.<ref name=cs>Brown, MacAlister and Joseph J. Zasloff. "Relations with Vietnam". [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/latoc.html ''Laos: a country study''] (Andrea Matles Savada, editor). [[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]] (July 1994). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref>

* Laos has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulates-general in Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Vientiane]] and consulates-general in [[Luang Prabang]], [[Pakse]] and [[Savannakhet]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malaysia }}||<!--Date started-->30 March 1973||See [[Malaysia-Vietnam relations]]
*Vietnam has an embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]] 
*Malaysia has an embassy in [[Hanoi]] and consulate-general in [[Ho Chi Minh City]].

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mongolia }}||<!--Date started-->1280 ([[Yuan dynasty]])<br />17 November 1954<ref name="VNA">{{Cite web | title=Vietnamese agency reviews Mongolia ties before president's visit | agency=Vietnam News Agency | date=11 April 2000 | location=Hanoi | url=https://news.google.com/archivesearch?q=%22Vietnamese+agency+reviews+Mongolia+ties+before+president%27s+visit%22 }}</ref>||See [[Mongolia–Vietnam relations]]
The countries signed a Friendship and Cooperation Treaty in 1961, renewed it in 1979, and signed a new one in 1995.<ref name="VNA" /> On 13 January 2003, the countries signed an 8-point cooperative document committing to cooperation between the two governments and their legislative bodies, replacing an earlier document signed in 1998.<ref>{{Cite journal | title=Mongolia, Vietnam sign new cooperation document. | journal=Financial Times | date=14 January 2003 }}</ref>

There have been 13 sessions of the Vietnam-Mongolia inter-governmental committee on cooperation in trade, economics and sci-tech, with the next to be held in Ulaanbaatar in 2010.<ref name="trade">{{Cite web |url=http://vietnamplus.vn/kinhte-en/200812133227819315 |title=Vietnam, Mongolia aim for 10 million USD in trade |date=13 December 2008 |agency=Vietnam News Agency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007072520/http://www.vietnamplus.vn/kinhte-en/200812133227819315 |archive-date=7 October 2011}}</ref> On 25 May 2004 in Ulaanbaatar, the countries signed agreements on railway transport and scientific and technological cooperation.<ref>{{Cite journal | title=Mongolia, Vietnam sign transport, scientific, technical cooperation agreements. | journal=Financial Times | date=26 May 2004 | url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-21445183_ITM }}</ref> Other agreements have covered areas such as plant protection and quarantine regulations, customs, health and education.<ref name="trade" />

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Myanmar}}|| 28 May 1975 ||See [[Myanmar-Vietnam relations]]

* Myanmar has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Yangon]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Korea }}||<!--Date started-->1226 ([[Goryeo]])<br />31 January 1950||See [[North Korea–Vietnam relations]]
*Prince [[Lý Long Tường]] of the [[Lý dynasty]] fled and exiled in Kingdom of Goryeo in 1226 to avoid the execution of the [[Trần dynasty]]
*Both had some meetings when both of them sent envoys to pay tribute to China Empire. 
*North Korea recognised Communist ally North Vietnam on 31 January 1950
*In July 1957, President Ho Chi Minh visited North Korea
*North Korean leader Kim Il-sung visited North Vietnam in November–December 1958 and November 1964. 
*In February 1961, the two governments concluded an agreement on scientific and technical cooperation.
*President Kim Il Sung sent some fighter squadron to North Vietnam to back up the North Vietnamese 921st and 923rd fighter squadrons defending Hanoi while Hanoi was bombed by The US air forces.
*From 1950 to 1960s, students from North Vietnam began studying in North Korea as early as the 1960s. 
*Relations later declined due to investment and trade disputes in the 1990s and 2000s and emerging relationship between South Korea and Vietnam<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nknews.org/2013/08/the-colorful-history-of-north-korea-vietnam-relations/|author=Pham Thi Thu Thuy|title=The colorful history of North Korea-Vietnam relations|work=NKNews.org|date=2 August 2013|access-date=2013-08-03}}</ref>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Pakistan }}||<!--Date started-->8 November 1972||See [[Pakistan–Vietnam relations]]
Pakistan opened its embassy in Hanoi in 1973. However, due to economic reasons, Pakistan closed the embassy in 1980. Vietnam also opened its embassy in Islamabad in 1978 and had to close it down in 1984 due to its own economic difficulty. Bilateral relations between Pakistan and Vietnam in recent years have considerably improved. Both countries' leaders expressed their willingness to strengthen their existing relations, not only in the political sphere but also in other areas such as trade and economics, and exchange more visits from one to another's country, including both high-ranking and working visits. Pakistan reopened its embassy in Hanoi in October 2000. Vietnam also reopened its embassy in Islamabad in December 2005 and trade office in Karachi in November 2005.

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Philippines}}||<!--Start date-->12 July 1976||See [[Philippines–Vietnam relations]]
Ever since the end of the Cold War relations between the Philippines and Vietnam has warmed rapidly. Today the Philippines and Vietnam are economic allies and have a free trade deal with each other. Both nations are a part of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). The Philippines and Vietnam have conducted joint military exercises together in the South China Sea and are trying to find ways to turn the Spratly Islands from an area of conflict to an area of cooperation. Vietnam is also sometimes called the only communist military ally of the Philippines. The Philippines and Vietnam are also monitoring China's expansion into the South China Sea making sure that China is no threat to either Philippine or Vietnamese islands in the South China Sea. The Philippines also imports a large amount of writing material, clothes and other products from Vietnam. In May 2009, The Philippines has inked an agreement with Vietnam to cooperate in the fight against crimes and ensuring social order. In January 2010, the Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Vietnam bourse "for mutual collaboration and communication of information and experience" to facilitate the development and efficient operations of both securities markets. In 2012, Vietnam sent two military assets for a good will visit to the Philippines. Both Vietnam and the Philippines have the same stand on the South China Sea disputes, patronizing multilateral talks and international court rulings to solve the issue, tactics which China has avoided. In 2016, the Philippines strengthened its stand on the dispute through a court ruling in an international court not associated with UN and poised to create stronger relations with Vietnam for strategic defense and economic cooperation.

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Qatar }}||<!--Date started-->8 February 1993||See [[Qatar–Vietnam relations]]

* Qatar has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Doha]]. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia }}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Saudi Arabia–Vietnam relations]]

* Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Riyadh]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Singapore}}||<!--Start date-->1 August 1973||See [[Singapore–Vietnam relations]]

* Singapore has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in Singapore.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Korea }}||<!--Date started-->1226 ([[Goryeo]])<br />22 December 1992||See [[South Korea–Vietnam relations]]
History
*Prince [[Lý Long Tường]] of the [[Lý dynasty]] fled and exiled in Kingdom of Goryeo in 1226 to avoid the execution of the [[Trần dynasty]]
*Both had some meetings when both of them sent envoys to pay tribute to China Empire. 
*South Korea recognised Capitalist ally South Vietnam
*President [[Park Chung Hee]] sent ROK troops to fight in Vietnam war in 1960s.
The establishment of [[diplomatic relations]] between the [[Socialist Republic of Vietnam]] and the [[Republic of Korea]] started on 22 December 1992.
*1994 August Prime Minister Lee Young-deok 
*1996 November President Kim Young-sam 
*1998 December President Kim Dae-jung 
*2002 April Prime Minister Lee Han-dong 
*2004 October President Roh Moo-hyun 
*2006 January Speaker of National Assembly Kim Won-ki 
*2006 November President Roh Moo-hyun (APEC) 
*2008 April Speaker of National Assembly Lim Chae-jung 
*2009 May Presidential Envoy Lee Byung-suk 
*2009 October President Lee Myung-bak 
*2009 November Speaker of National Assembly Kim Hyong-o 
*2010 October President Lee Myung-bak 
*2013 January Speaker of National Assembly Kang Chang Hee 
*2013 September President Park Geun-hye(G20).<ref name="mofa.go.kr">{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/asiapacific/countries/20070802/1_24415.jsp?menu=m_30_10 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Asia Pacific |access-date=27 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904015758/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/asiapacific/countries/20070802/1_24415.jsp?menu=m_30_10 |archive-date=4 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Taiwan}}||<!--Date started-->960 ([[Song dynasty|Song]])<br />unofficial relation (Now)||see [[Taiwan–Vietnam relations]]
*Taiwan had full relation with former [[South Vietnam]]
*Taiwan–Vietnam relations are conducted on an unofficial level, as Hanoi adheres to a [[one-China policy]] and [[China–Vietnam relations|officially recognises the People's Republic of China]] only. However, this has not stopped bilateral visits and significant flows of migrants and investment capital between [[Taiwan]] and [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{harvnb|Dang|2011|p=32}}</ref> Taiwan has been the largest source of [[foreign direct investment]] in Vietnam since 2006.<ref>{{harvnb|Tran|2011|p=16}}</ref> Both countries maintain [[De facto embassy|representative offices]]; [[Taiwan]] is represented by branches of the [[Taipei Economic and Cultural Office, Hanoi, Vietnam|Taipei Economic and Cultural Office]] in [[Hanoi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.roc-taiwan.org/vn_en/index.html|title=首頁 - Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Vietnam 駐越南台北經濟文化辦事處|website=Web.roc-taiwan.org|access-date=7 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727162436/http://web.roc-taiwan.org/vn_en/index.html|archive-date=27 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Ho Chi Minh City]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roc-taiwan.org/VN/SGN/mp.asp?mp=627|title=首頁 - 駐胡志明市台北經濟文化辦事處 TAIPEI ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL OFFICE, HCM|website=Roc-taiwan.org}}</ref> while [[Vietnam]] is represented by the [[Vietnam Economic and Cultural Office]] in [[Taipei]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vietnamoffice-taipei.org/en/nr070701045131/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090516205131/http://www.vietnamoffice-taipei.org/en/nr070701045131/|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 May 2009|title=Vietnam Economic & Culture Office in Taipei - Contact|date=16 May 2009}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Thailand}}||<!--Start date-->6/8/1976||See [[Thailand–Vietnam relations]]

* Thailand has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Bangkok]] and a consulate-general in [[Khon Kaen]].

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkey }}||<!--Date started-->1978<ref name="auto98">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-vietnam-siyasi-iliskileri.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Vietnam|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Turkey–Vietnam relations]]
* [[Vietnam]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto98"/>
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].<ref name="auto98"/>
*Trade volume between the two countries was US$1.912 billion in 2015 (Viet exports/imports: 1.76/0.16 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-vietnam.en.mfa| title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Vietnam|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Hanoi]] and [[Ho Chi Minh City]] since 27 June 2016.<ref name="auto98"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates }}||<!--Date started-->1 August 1993||See [[United Arab Emirates–Vietnam relations]]

* United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi]].
|}

===Europe===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|EU}}||<!--Start date-->1990||See [[Vietnam–European Union relations]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Austria }}||<!--Date started-->1 December 1972||See [[Austria–Vietnam relations]] 
* Austria has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Vienna]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belarus}}||<!--Date Started-->24 January 1992<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/euro/nr040819111004/ns070924161413|title=- VIETNAM - BELARUS RELATIONS|website=Mofa.gov.vn}}</ref>|| See [[Belarus–Vietnam relations]]
* Since 1997, Belarus has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vietnam.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/politicalvn/|title=Political Relations between Belarus and Vietnam - Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in Socialist Republic of Vietnam|website=Vietnam.mfa.gov.by|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref>
* Since November 2003, Vietnam has an embassy in [[Minsk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vietnamembassy-belarus.org/vi/|title=Vietnamese embassy in Minsk|website=Vietnamembassy-belarus.org|access-date=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105160901/http://www.vietnamembassy-belarus.org/vi/|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belgium}}||<!--Date started-->|| 
* Belgium has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Brussels]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}||<!--Start date-->8 February 1950||See [[Bulgaria–Vietnam relations]]
* Bulgaria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.bg/hanoi/|title=Министерство на външните работи|website=Министерство на външните работи|access-date=16 July 2009|archive-date=19 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619054727/http://www.mfa.bg/hanoi/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Sofia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/euro/nr040819111110|title=- Bulgaria|website=Mofa.gov.vn|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
* In 2006, the Bulgarian Government agreed to a healthcare cooperation plan with Vietnam. The two-year plan includes cooperation in many areas, mainly in public healthcare, inpatient and outpatient help, food security, medical education.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=72667|title=Bulgaria, Vietnam to Cooperate in Healthcare|website=Novinite.com|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||<!--Start date-->2 February 1950 (as Czechoslovakia)||See [[Czech Republic–Vietnam relations]]
* The Czech Republic has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Prague]].

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Denmark}}||<!--Start date-->25 November 1971||See [[Denmark–Vietnam relations]]
* Since 1 April 1994, Denmark has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ambhanoi.um.dk/|title=Danmark i Vietnam|website=Ambhanoi.um.dk|access-date=21 February 2015}}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Since 12 August 2000, Vietnam has an embassy in [[Copenhagen]].
* There are around 8,500 [[Overseas Vietnamese|Vietnamese]] living in Denmark.
* June 2002, [[Nguyễn Dy Niên]], Vietnamese Foreign Minister, visited Denmark
* October 2004, [[Per Stig Møller]] [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)|Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs]] attended the 5th [[Asia–Europe Meeting]] in Hanoi
* March 2007, [[Ulrik Federspiel]] Secretary of State for Foreign Affair visited Vietnam
* Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Denmark<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/euro/nr040819111225|title = - Home Page}}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Finland }}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Finland–Vietnam relations]] 
* Finland has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Helsinki]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||<!--Start date-->12 April 1973||See [[France–Vietnam relations]]

France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the [[Jesuit]] father [[Alexandre de Rhodes]]. Various traders would visit Vietnam during the 18th century, until the major involvement of French forces under [[Pigneau de Béhaine]] to help establish the [[Nguyễn dynasty]] from 1787 to 1789. France was heavily involved in Vietnam in the 19th century under the pretext of protecting the work of Catholic missionaries in the country. France progressively carved for itself a huge colony, which would form [[French Indochina]] in 1887. France continued to rule Vietnam as a colony until France's defeat in the [[First Indochina War]] and the proclamation of Vietnam's independence in 1954.

* France has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Paris]].

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Germany}}||<!--Start date-->3 February 1955 (with [[East Germany]] and unified [[Germany]])<br />23 September 1975 (with [[West Germany]])||See [[Germany–Vietnam relations]]

* Germany has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in [[Frankfurt]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Greece}}||<!--Start date-->15 April 1975||See [[Greece–Vietnam relations]]

* Greece has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Athens]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Holy See}}||<!--Start date-->No relation||See [[Holy See–Vietnam relations]]

With the end of the [[Vietnam War]], the Apostolic Delegate was forced to leave. Since an apostolic delegation, unlike an embassy, is not a bilateral institution with involvement by the State, the Apostolic Delegation for Vietnam has not been suppressed, but has remained inactive since 1975.<ref>Antonio G. Filipazzi, Rappresentanze e Rappresentanti Pontifici dalla seconda metà del XX secolo (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2006 {{ISBN|88-209-7845-8}}), p. X, XII, XV, 189</ref> In January 2011 the Holy See appointed the first ambassador, formally "non-resident representative to Vietnam" with Archbishop [[Leopoldo Girelli]] being the first to hold the post in addition to Archbishop Girelli's other role as Apostolic Nuncio to Singapore and Apostolic Delegate to Malaysia.

Temporary missions from the Holy See to discuss with the Government matters of common interest are sent every year or two, and there has been at least one visit to the Vatican by a Vietnamese mission. [[Marxism]] and communism officially promoted [[atheism]], causing [[Roman Catholics]] and other Christians to be associated with the [[anti-communism|anti-communist]] [[South Vietnam]] region. This has strained relations between the Holy See and the Hanoi Government. Leading bishops have been imprisoned for several years, in what some observers have described as a persecution of the Vietnamese Church. There is also a question of Church property confiscated by the Vietnamese government and that the Church has sought to recover.

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Hungary}}||<!--Start date-->3 February 1950||See [[Hungary–Vietnam relations]]

* Hungary has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Budapest]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy }}||<!--Start date-->23 March 1973||See [[Italy–Vietnam relations]]

* Italy has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Rome]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Luxembourg }}||<!--Start date-->15 November 1973||See [[Luxembourg–Vietnam relations]]
Luxembourg's representation in Vietnam is through its [[Diplomatic mission|embassy]] in Beijing, China.<ref>[http://www.vn.embassyinformation.com/ "Embassy Information"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910164605/http://www.vn.embassyinformation.com/ |date=10 September 2018 }}, EmabssyInformation.com, ''retrieved 28 April 2009''.</ref> Vietnam is represented through its embassy in [[Brussels]], Belgium.<ref>[http://imo2007.edu.vn/statics/list%20of%20embassies.htm "List of Vietnamese Embassies and Consulates abroad"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20070616151622/http://imo2007.edu.vn/statics/list%20of%20embassies.htm |date=16 June 2007 }}, 48th [[International Mathematical Olympiad]], ''retrieved 28 April 2009''.</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Netherlands}}||<!--Date started-->|| 
* Netherlands has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[The Hague]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}||<!--Start date-->10 June 1994||
*The countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1994.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> 
*North Macedonia is represented in Vietnam through its embassy in [[Beijing]], China.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/euro/nr040819111555/ns120109174958 |title=- Information about Viet Nam - Macedonia relation |access-date=26 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227151704/http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/euro/nr040819111555/ns120109174958 |archive-date=27 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 
*Vietnam is represented in North Macedonia through its embassy in [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]].<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland }}||<!--Start date-->4 February 1950|| See [[Poland–Vietnam relations]]

* Poland has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal }}||<!--Date started-->1 July 1975||
* In 2015 both countries are celebrating 500 years of relations, remembering 1515 when the Portuguese traveler [[Duarte Coelho]], reached [[Cochinchina]], [[Champa]] and [[Tonkin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oclarim.com.mo/todas/portugal-vietname-500-anos-de-historia/|title=Portugal – Vietname, 500 anos de História – Jornal O Clarim|website=Oclarim.com.om|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114212845/http://www.oclarim.com.mo/todas/portugal-vietname-500-anos-de-historia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> starting a long period of trading relations with the Portuguese established in [[Macau]] and in [[Malacca]].
* Portugal is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Bangkok, [[Thailand]] and has honorary consulates both in [[Hanoi]] (31 Pho Duc Chinh, Truc Bach Ward, Ba Dinh District, Ha noi) and in [[Ho Chi Minh City]] (66/11 Pham Ngoc Thach, Q3, Ho Chi Minh)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.secomunidades.pt/web/guest/listapaises/VM|title=Portal das Comunidades Portuguesas|website=Secomunidades.pt|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114222003/http://www.secomunidades.pt/web/guest/listapaises/VM|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Vietnam is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Russia }}||<!--Start date-->30 January 1950 (as USSR)<br /> Russia (now)||See [[Russia–Vietnam relations]]
* USSR was an ally of Vietnam.
* On 30 January 1950 the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] established an embassy to [[North Vietnam]].<ref name="vnembassy">{{cite news|url=http://www.vietnamembassy-usa.org/news/story.php?d=20010305003822|title=Vietnam-Russia traditional ties reach new heights|date=5 March 2001|access-date=8 August 2007|publisher=Embassy of Vietnam in the United States of America}}</ref> The USSR was traditionally one of Vietnam's strongest allies.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Serbia }}||<!--Start date-->10 March 1957 (as SFR Yugoslavia)||
* Serbia is represented in Vietnam through its embassy in [[Jakarta]] ([[Indonesia]]).
* Vietnam is represented in Serbia through its embassy in [[Bucharest]] ([[Romania]]).
* Vietnam supports Serbia in Kosovo issue.
* Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Vietnam<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/Vietnam/index_e.html |title=Serbia-Vietnam, Bilateral relations |website=www.mfa.gov.rs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814074916/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/Vietnam/index_e.html |archive-date=14 August 2009}}</ref>
* Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Serbia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/euro/nr060911172945|title = - Home Page}}</ref>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Slovakia }}||<!--Start date-->2/2/1950 (as [[Czechoslovakia]])||See [[Slovakia–Vietnam relations]]

* Slovakia has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Bratislava]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain }}||<!--Date started-->23 May 1977<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/spain|title=Spain – Countries – Office of the Historian|website=History.state.gov|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>||See [[Spain–Vietnam relations]]

* Spain has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sweden }}||<!--Date started-->11 November 1969|| 
* Sweden has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Stockholm]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ukraine }}||<!--Date started-->23 January 1992<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vietnam.mfa.gov.ua/en/ukraine-vn/diplomacy |title=Political issues of Ukraine and Vietnam - Embassy of Ukraine in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam |access-date=11 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812212752/http://vietnam.mfa.gov.ua/en/ukraine-vn/diplomacy |archive-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>||See [[Ukraine–Vietnam relations]] 
* Ukraine has an embassy in Hanoi.
* Vietnam has an embassy in [[Kyiv]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}|| 11 September 1973 ||See [[United Kingdom–Vietnam relations]]
Vietnam established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 11 September 1973.
*Vietnam maintains an [[Embassy of Vietnam, London|embassy]] in [[London]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Diplomat Magazine|date=1 December 2014|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/middle-east-asia/vietnam/|website=Diplomat Magazine|access-date=2 April 2025|title=Vietnam|archive-date=29 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429173056/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/middle-east-asia/vietnam/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The UK is accredited to Vietnam through its embassy in Hanoi, and a Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City.<ref>{{cite web|title=British Embassy Hanoi|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/world/organisations/british-embassy-hanoi|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|access-date=30 December 2015|archive-date=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310085024/https://www.gov.uk/government/world/organisations/british-embassy-hanoi|url-status=live}}</ref>

The UK occupied [[War in Vietnam (1945–1946)|Southern Vietnam and Saigon]] from 1945–1946.

Both countries share common membership of [[Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership|CPTPP]], and the [[World Trade Organization]]. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{cite web|author=[[HM Revenue and Customs]]|date=22 February 2007|title=Vietnam: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/vietnam-tax-treaties|access-date=2 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328113308/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/vietnam-tax-treaties|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> a [[United Kingdom–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement|Free Trade Agreement]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Nguyen|first=Quynh|title=U.K., Vietnam Reach Free-Trade Deal as Brexit Deadline Looms|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-11/u-k-vietnam-reach-free-trade-deal-as-brexit-deadline-looms?leadSource=uverify%20wall|website=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]|date=11 December 2020|access-date=11 June 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514145003/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-11/u-k-vietnam-reach-free-trade-deal-as-brexit-deadline-looms?leadSource=uverify%20wall|archive-date=14 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3066/united-kingdom---viet-nam-bit-2002-|title=United Kingdom - Viet Nam BIT (2002)|website=[[UN Trade and Development]]|access-date=29 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224070828/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3066/united-kingdom---viet-nam-bit-2002-|archive-date=24 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> and a [[Comprehensive strategic partnerships of Vietnam|Strategic Partnership]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Vietnam News Agency|author-link=Vietnam News Agency|title=UK-Vietnam strategic partnership makes remarkable progress|url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam-uk-see-new-opportunities-to-strengthen-strategic-partnership-post300554.vnp|location=[[London]]|website=[[Vietnam News Agency|Vietnam+]]|date=18 October 2020|access-date=26 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126142932/https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam-uk-see-new-opportunities-to-strengthen-strategic-partnership-post300554.vnp|archive-date=26 November 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Oceania===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Australia}}||<!--Start date--> 26 February 1973
|See [[Australia–Vietnam relations]]
* Australian prime ministers [[Paul Keating]] and [[John Howard]] have visited Vietnam, in 1994 and 2006 respectively.
* In the fiscal year 2006–2007 Australia Overseas Development Aid was 81.5million [[Australian dollar|A$]].
* In 2006, the volume of bilateral trade was 4.75 US$ billion.
* Australia has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate in Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam has an embassy in Canberra.
* Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs: VIETNAM – AUSTRALIA RELATIONS<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/ca_tbd/nr040819104018/ns050131104008 | title=- Home Page }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|New Zealand}}||<!--Start date-->19 June 1975<ref>{{cite web | title=Vietnam – New Zealand Relations | publisher=Embassy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in New Zealand| location=Wellington | url=http://www.vietnamembassy-newzealand.org/en/nr070521165956/news_object_view?newsPath=/vnemb.vn/cn_vakv/ca_tbd/nr040819103506/ns071212085555 }}</ref>||See [[New Zealand–Vietnam relations]]
Full diplomatic relations were restored in 1989. New Zealand opened its embassy in Hanoi in 1995, while Vietnam established an embassy in [[Wellington]] in 2003.
|}

==See also==
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Vietnam]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of Vietnam]]
* [[Visa requirements for Vietnamese citizens]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Works cited===
* {{citation |last=Dang |first=Xuan Tanh |chapter=AEC, ECFA and Vietnam–Taiwan Economic Relations |chapter-url=http://www.aseancenter.org.tw/upload/files/outlook005-06.pdf |title=Taiwan–Vietnam Economic Cooperation: Moving Towards the 2015 Vision of ASEAN Economic Integration |date=August 2011 |access-date=2012-12-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224114032/https://www.aseancenter.org.tw/upload/files/outlook005-06.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-24}}
* {{citation |last=Tran |first=Quang Minh |chapter=Two decades of Taiwan's FDI in Vietnam: An analysis |chapter-url=http://www.aseancenter.org.tw/upload/files/outlook005-05.pdf |title=Taiwan–Vietnam Economic Cooperation: Moving Towards the 2015 Vision of ASEAN Economic Integration |date=August 2011 |access-date=2012-12-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224103003/https://www.aseancenter.org.tw/upload/files/outlook005-05.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-24}}

==Further reading==
* Amer, Ramses. "Border conflicts between Cambodia and Vietnam." ''IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin'' 5.2 (1997): 80-97 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ramses_Amer/publication/242202786_Border_Conflicts_between_Cambodia_and_Vietnam/links/544a273a0cf2ea6541343d94.pdf online].
* Asselin, Pierre. Vietnam's American War: A History. (Cambridge University Press, 2018) [https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=56716  online review]
* Brown, Frederick Z. "Rapprochement Between Vietnam and the United States." ''Contemporary Southeast Asia'' (2010): 317-342 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25798860 online].
* Cuong, Nguyen Xuan, and Nguyen Thi Phuong Hoa. "Achievements and Problems in Vietnam: China Relations from 1991 to the Present." ''China Report'' 54.3 (2018): 306-324. [http://www.viet-studies.net/kinhte/AdvancesVNChina_ChinaReport_August18.pdf online]
* Gin, Christopher M. "How China Wins: A Case Study of the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War" (Army Command And General Staff College Fort Leavenworth KS, 2015) [https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a624010.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325235243/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a624010.pdf |date=25 March 2020 }}.
* {{cite book |last1=Goscha |first1=Christopher E. |year=2009 |editor-last1=Goscha |editor-first1=Christopher E. |editor-last2=Ostermann |editor-first2=Christian E. |title=Connecting Histories: Decolonization and the Cold War in Southeast Asia, 1945–1962 |publisher=Woodrow Wilson Center Press & Stanford University Press |url= |isbn=9780804769433 |chapter=Choosing between the Two Vietnams: 1950 and Southeast Asian Shifts in the International System |pages=207–237 }}
* Ha, Lam Thanh, and Nguyen Duc Phuc. "The US-China Trade War: Impact on Vietnam." (2019). [https://think-asia.org/bitstream/handle/11540/11697/ISEAS_Perspective_2019_102.pdf?sequence=1 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814211228/https://think-asia.org/bitstream/handle/11540/11697/ISEAS_Perspective_2019_102.pdf?sequence=1 |date=14 August 2022 }}
* Hiep, Nguyen Quang. "Vietnam-China trade relations and the effects of the US-China trade war." ''Business and Economic Research'' 9.4 (2019): 1-11.
* Hood, Steven J. ''Dragons Entangled: Indochina and the China-Vietnam War'' (ME Sharpe, 1993).
* Leighton, Marian Kirsch. "Perspectives on the Vietnam-Cambodia border conflict." ''Asian Survey'' 18.5 (1978): 448–457. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2643459 online]
* Levinson, David, and Karen Christensen, eds. ''Encyclopedia of Modern Asia''. (2002) vol 6.
* Morris, Stephen J. ''Why Vietnam invaded Cambodia: Political culture and the causes of war'' (Stanford University Press, 1999).
* Path, Kosal. "The Duality of Vietnam’s Deference and Resistance to China." ''Diplomacy & Statecraft'' 29.3 (2018): 499–521. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kosal_Path/publication/327131545_The_Duality_of_Vietnam's_Deference_and_Resistance_to_China/links/5b99e2cfa6fdcc59bf8df53c/The-Duality-of-Vietnams-Deference-and-Resistance-to-China.pdf online]
* Thanh, Luong Ngoc. "Vietnam's Foreign Policy in the post-Cold War Era: Ideology and Reality." (PhD dissertation Hiroshima University 2013) [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0734/74d6d3e40f2bc005e37add8d5fc867c4e8fd.pdf online].
* Thayer, Carlyle A. "Vietnam in 2013: Domestic contestation and foreign policy success." ''Southeast Asian Affairs'' (2014): 355-372  [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44112083 online].
* Tran, Thi Bich, and Yoichiro Sato. "Vietnam's Post‐Cold War Hedging Strategy: A Changing Mix of Realist and Liberal Ingredients." ''Asian Politics & Policy'' 10.1 (2018): 73-99 [http://www.viet-studies.com/kinhte/VNPostColdWarStrategy_APP.pdf online].
* Vuving, Alexander L. "Strategy and evolution of Vietnam's China policy: a changing mixture of pathways." ''Asian Survey'' 46.6 (2006): 805-824 [http://tailieu.tapchithoidai.org/VuHongLam_AsianSurvey.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110192719/http://tailieu.tapchithoidai.org/VuHongLam_AsianSurvey.pdf |date=10 November 2022 }}
* Westad, Odd Arne, and Sophie Quinn-Judge, eds. ''The third Indochina war: conflict between China, Vietnam and Cambodia, 1972-79'' (Routledge, 2006).
* Womack, Brantly. "Asymmetry and systemic misperception: China, Vietnam and Cambodia during the 1970s." ''Journal of Strategic Studies'' 26.2 (2003): 92-119 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brantly_Womack/publication/248951505_Asymmetry_and_systemic_misperception_China_Vietnam_and_Cambodia_during_the_1970s/links/5d39c32b4585153e5921774b/Asymmetry-and-systemic-misperception-China-Vietnam-and-Cambodia-during-the-1970s.pdf online].

==External links==
* {{official|http://www.mofa.gov.vn}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927062546/http://www.vietnamustrade.org/ Vietnam – US trade]

{{Foreign relations of Vietnam}}
{{Asia topic|Foreign relations of}}
{{Vietnam topics}}

[[Category:Foreign relations of Vietnam| ]]