Editing Foreign relations of Panama

{{short description|none}}
{{Politics of Panama}}

'''Panama's foreign relations''' are conventional in outlook, with Panama being especially aligned with United States since the [[US invasion of Panama|1989 US invasion]] to topple the regime of General [[Manuel Noriega]]. The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies.

==Diplomatic relations==
List of countries which Panama maintains diplomatic relations with:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |[[File:Diplomatic relations of Panama.svg|frameless|425x425px]]
|-
!#!!Country!!Date<ref name="date">{{cite web|title=RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ|url=http://www.mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806131148/https://mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2020|access-date=30 November 2021|page=195}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Diplomatic relations between Panama and ...|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic+relations+between+Panama+and+...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&action_search=Search&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United+Nations+Digital+Library+System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0|access-date=22 January 2025|website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref>
|-
| 1|| {{flag|United States}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1903|11|13}}
|-
| 2|| {{flag|France}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1903|11|18}}
|-
|3 || {{flag|Russia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1903|11|21}}
|-
| 4|| {{flag|Peru}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1903|12|18}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2023 |title=Cancillería conmemora los 120 años de relaciones diplomáticas entre Panamá y Perú |url=https://mire.gob.pa/cancilleria-conmemora-los-120-anos-de-relaciones-diplomaticas-entre-panama-y-peru/ |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=mire.gob.pa |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|5 || {{flag|Costa Rica}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1903|12|29}}
|-
|6 || {{flag|Japan}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1904|1|7}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=パナマ共和国（Republic of Panama） |url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/panama/data.html |access-date=16 July 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan |language=ja |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716195230/https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/panama/data.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|7 || {{flag|Italy}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1904|1|15}}
|- style="background:#D3D3D3"
|— || {{flag|Venezuela}} (suspended)<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 July 2024 |title=Panama suspends diplomatic relations with Venezuela pending election review |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/panama-suspends-diplomatic-relations-venezuela-165651822.html |access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref>||{{dts|format=dmy|1904|2|3}}
|-
|8 || {{flag|Chile}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1904|3|1}}
|-
|9 || {{flag|Mexico}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1904|03|01}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2024 |title=Viceministra Otero participó en la inauguración de la exposición «México y Panamá: dos istmos, dos aliados y dos historias compartidas” |url=https://mire.gob.pa/viceministra-otero-participo-en-la-inauguracion-de-la-exposicion-mexico-y-panama-dos-istmos-dos-aliados-y-dos-historias-compartidas/ |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=mire.gob.pa |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=México y Panamá conmemoran 120 aniversario de relaciones diplomáticas |url=https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-y-panama-conmemoran-120-aniversario-de-relaciones-diplomaticas |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=gob.mx |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|10 || {{flag|Brazil}}||{{dts|1904|3|2|format=dmy}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2023 |title=Canciller Tewaney participó en el acto conmemorativo de los 201 años de independencia de Brasil |url=https://mire.gob.pa/canciller-tewaney-participo-en-el-acto-conmemorativo-de-los-201-anos-de-independencia-de-brasil/ |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=mire.gob.pa |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|11 || {{flag|Cuba}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1904|4|7}}
|-
|12 || {{flag|Switzerland}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1904|4|6}}
|-
|13 || {{flag|Netherlands}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1904|4|20}}
|-
|14 || {{flag|Spain}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1904|5|10}}
|-
| 15|| {{flag|Portugal}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1904|5|21}}
|-
| 16|| {{flag|Uruguay}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1904|10|28}}
|-
|17 || {{flag|Honduras}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1907|9|18}}
|-
|18 || {{flag|Belgium}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1908|2|15}}
|-
|19 || {{flag|United Kingdom}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1908|4|9}}
|-
|20 || {{flag|Ecuador}}||{{dts|1 September 1908}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 February 2014 |title=PANAMÁ BUSCA OTORGAR UN IMPULSO RENOVADO A LAS RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS CON ECUADOR |url=https://mire.gob.pa/panama-busca-otorgar-un-impulso-renovado-a-las-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-ecuador/ |access-date=6 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|21 || {{flag|El Salvador}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1909|3|9}}
|-
|22 || {{flag|Argentina}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1920|11|5}}
|-
|— || {{flag|Holy See}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1923|9|21}}
|-
| 23 || {{flag|Colombia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1924|7|9}}
|-
|24 || {{flag|Czech Republic}}||{{Dts|25 March 1929}}<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |title=Las relaciones entre Checoslovaquia y América Latina 1945-1989. En los archivos de la República Checa |publisher=Karolinum Press |year=2015 |pages=267 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|25 || {{flag|Guatemala}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1935|1|25}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2023 |title=88 años de relaciones diplomáticas entre Guatemala y Panamá |url=https://mire.gob.pa/88-anos-de-relaciones-diplomaticas-entre-guatemala-y-panama/ |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=mire.gob.pa |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|26 || {{flag|Dominican Republic}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1937|3|17}}
|-
|27 || {{flag|Denmark}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1937|6|30}}
|-
|28 || {{flag|Sweden}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1937|7|3}}
|-
|29 || {{flag|Norway}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1937|7|31}}
|-
|30 || {{flag|Nicaragua}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1938|12|13}}
|-
|31 || {{flag|Bolivia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1942|8|26}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2021 |title=Bolivia y Panamá celebran 79 años de relaciones diplomáticas |url=https://cancilleria.gob.bo/mre/2021/08/26/6171/ |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=cancilleria.gob.bo |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|32 || {{flag|Paraguay}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1942|10|31}}
|-
|33 || {{flag|Haiti}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1945|10|11}}
|-
|34 || {{flag|Lebanon}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1946|4|30}}
|-
|35
|{{Flag|Israel}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|1948|6|18}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=FICHA PAÍS: ISRAEL |url=https://intelcom.gob.pa/storage/cat-tratados/July2024/qVMBhXVmVFjlWhaKjaaS.pdf |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=intelcom.gob.pa |page=4 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2011 |title=Canciller Henriquez recibe a embajador del Estado de Israel |url=https://mire.gob.pa/canciller-henriquez-recibe-a-embajador-del-estado-de-israel/ |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=mire.gob.pa |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|— || {{flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1948|8|2}}
|-
| 36 || {{flag|Turkey}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1950|9|21}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2024 |title=Conmemoramos el 74 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre la República de Panamá y la República de Türkiye |url=https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=833554482314410&id=100069795984944 |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=Embajada de Panamá en Turquía on Facebook |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|37 || {{flag|Germany}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1951|12|17}}
|-
|38 || {{flag|Serbia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1953|3|26}}
|-
|39 || {{flag|Austria}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1955|10|18}}
|-
|40 || {{flag|Greece}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1956|9|5}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2024 |title=Canciller Tewaney participó en la apertura de la Embajada de Grecia en Panamá |url=https://mire.gob.pa/canciller-tewaney-participo-en-la-apertura-de-la-embajada-de-grecia-en-panama/ |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=mire.gob.pa |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|41 || {{flag|Egypt}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1958|2|21}}
|-
|42 || {{flag|Madagascar}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1960|9|20}}<ref name="date2">{{cite web |title=03. ANEXO |url=https://mire.gob.pa/images/links/MANUAL-10-7-17-reduced.pdf |access-date=23 January 2020 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|43 || {{flag|Canada}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1961|8|11}}
|-
|44 || {{flag|India}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1962|7|1}}
|-
|45 || {{flag|Republic of Korea}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1962|9|30}}
|-
|46 || {{flag|Jamaica}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1966|7|29}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2021 |title=Trabajando junto de cara al 55 aniversario del establecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas y consulares entre la República de Panamá y Jamaica ... |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php/?story_fbid=339702367514593&id=109514040533428&locale=az_AZ |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=Embajada de Panama Jamaica Kingston |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|47 || {{flag|Ethiopia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1967|8|17}}
|-
|48|| {{flag|Pakistan}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1967|11|7}}
|-
|49|| {{flag|Cyprus}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1971|4|1}}
|-
|50|| {{flag|Romania}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1971|10|5}}
|-
|51 || {{flag|Algeria}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1973|2|9}}
|-
|52 || {{flag|Guyana}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1973|3|16}}
|-
|53 || {{flag|Libya}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1973|3|21}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2012 |title=Ministro Encargado recibe al Encargado de Negocios de la Embajada de Libia |url=https://mire.gob.pa/ministro-encargado-recibe-al-encargado-de-negocios-de-la-embajada-de-libia/ |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=mire.gob.pa |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|54 || {{flag|Bulgaria}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1973|3|29}}
|-
|55|| {{flag|Guinea}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1973|3|29}}
|-
|56 || {{flag|Poland}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1973|8|15}}
|-
|57 || {{flag|Philippines}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1973|9|28}}
|-
|58|| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1973|10|16}}
|-
|59|| {{flag|Australia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1974|2|20}}
|-
|60|| {{flag|Grenada}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1974|11|18}}
|-
|61|| {{flag|Iran}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1975|1|7}}
|-
|62 || {{flag|Hungary}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1975|8|5}}
|-
|63 || {{flag|Vietnam}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1975|8|28}}
|-
|64 || {{flag|Syria}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1976|2|17}}
|-
|65 || {{flag|Finland}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1976|2|19}}
|-
|66 || {{flag|Malta}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1976|2|19}}
|-
|67 || {{flag|Sri Lanka}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1976|3|8}}
|-
|68 || {{flag|Kuwait}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1976|3|23}}
|-
|69 || {{flag|Iraq}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1976|6|8}}
|-
|70 || {{flag|Morocco}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1977|2|15}}
|-
|71 || {{flag|Albania}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1978|8|20}}
|-
|72 || {{flag|Indonesia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1979|3|27}}
|-
|73 || {{flag|Suriname}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1979|5|1}}
|- style="background:#D3D3D3"
|— || {{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}} (suspended)<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2024 |title=Comunicado De Suspensión De Relaciones Diplomáticas Con La República Árabe Saharaui Democrática |url=https://mire.gob.pa/comunicado-de-suspension-de-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-la-republica-arabe-saharaui-democratica/ |website=MIRE-Panamá |access-date=23 November 2024 |lang=es}}</ref>||{{dts|format=dmy|1979|6|1}}
|-
| 74|| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1981|5|13}}
|-
| 75|| {{flag|Belize}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1981|12|1}}
|-
| 76|| {{flag|Myanmar}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1982|7|15}}
|-
| 77|| {{flag|Singapore}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1982|8|6}}
|-
|78|| {{flag|Barbados}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1982|8|20}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2024 |title=Panamá profundiza vínculos con Barbados para reforzar relación comercial |url=https://elcapitalfinanciero.com/panama-profundiza-vinculos-con-barbados-para-reforzar-relacion-comercial/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328190958/https://elcapitalfinanciero.com/panama-profundiza-vinculos-con-barbados-para-reforzar-relacion-comercial/ |archive-date=28 March 2025 |access-date=28 March 2025 |website=elcapitalfinanciero.com |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|79|| {{flag|Thailand}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1982|8|20}}
|-
|80|| {{flag|Nepal}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1984|2|15}}
|-
|81
|{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|1984|6|5}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Near East/South Asia Report Issue 84116 |publisher=Foreign Broadcast Information Service |year=1984 |pages=65 |quote=[ Dhaka THE BANGLADESH OBSERVER in English 6 Jun 84 p 1 ] TIES WITH PANAMA -- The Government of Bangladesh and the Government of Panama have decided to establish diplomatic relations between them at the level of ambassador from today ...}}</ref>
|-
|82
|{{Flag|Cameroon}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|1984|8|14}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2022 |title=Panamá y Camerún conmemoran hoy el inicio de sus relaciones diplomáticas desde 1984 |url=https://mire.gob.pa/panama-y-camerun-conmemoran-hoy-el-inicio-de-sus-relaciones-diplomaticas-desde-1984/ |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=mire.gob.pa |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|83 || {{flag|Luxembourg}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1985|11|12}}
|-
|84 || {{flag|Senegal}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1987|10|27}}
|-
|85 || {{flag|Sudan}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1988|9|13}}
|-
|86
|{{Flag|Bahrain}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|1989|4|27}}
|-
| 87|| {{flag|Angola}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1989|2|16}}
|-
| 88|| {{flag|Maldives}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1989|2|19}}
|-
|89 || {{flag|Ghana}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1989|2|24}}
|-
|90 || {{flag|Bahamas}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1991|5|1}}
|-
|91 || {{flag|Lithuania}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1992|11|19}}
|-
|92 || {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1992|11|19}}
|-
| 93|| {{flag|Moldova}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1993|2|15}}
|-
| 94|| {{flag|Slovakia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1993|2|15}}
|-
| 95|| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1993|3|9}}
|-
|96 || {{flag|New Zealand}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1993|3|22}}
|-
| 97|| {{flag|Seychelles}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1993|5|21}}
|-
| 98|| {{flag|Ukraine}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1993|5|21}}
|-
| 99|| {{flag|Malaysia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1993|7|24}}
|-
| 100|| {{flag|Jordan}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1994|2|7}}
|-
| 101|| {{flag|Oman}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1994|2|25}}
|-
| 102|| {{flag|Latvia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1994|3|22}}
|-
| 103|| {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1994|5|24}}
|-
| 104|| {{flag|South Africa}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1995|1|10}}
|-
| 105|| {{flag|Estonia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1995|1|13}}
|-
| 106|| {{flag|Azerbaijan}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1995|4|6}}
|-
|107 || {{flag|Slovenia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1995|5|10}}
|-
|108 || {{flag|Saint Lucia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1995|7|10}}
|-
|109 || {{flag|Kazakhstan}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1995|7|28}}
|-
| 110|| {{flag|Cambodia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1996|2|15}}
|-
| 111|| {{flag|Brunei}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1996|3|28}}
|-
| 112|| {{flag|Papua New Guinea}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1996|5|3}}
|-
| 113|| {{flag|Croatia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1996|7|12}}
|-
| 114|| {{flag|Andorra}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1996|7|16}}
|-
|115 || {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1996|9|27}}
|-
| 116|| {{flag|Armenia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1998|8|7}}
|-
| 117|| {{flag|Belarus}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1998|10|22}}
|-
| 118|| {{flag|Georgia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1998|11|18}}
|-
| 119|| {{flag|Iceland}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1999|6|4}}
|-
|120 || {{flag|Nigeria}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2001|2|12}}
|-
|121 || {{flag|Ireland}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2001|2|14}}
|-
|122 || {{flag|Qatar}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2002|2|8}}
|-
| 123|| {{flag|North Macedonia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2002|4|18}}
|-
|124 || {{flag|Namibia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2002|4}}<ref>{{cite news |date=1 February 2016 |title=Namibia muestra interés en fortalecer lazos con Panamá |language=es |work=mire.gob.pa |url=https://mire.gob.pa/namibia-muestra-interes-en-fortalecer-lazos-con-panama/ |access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 125|| {{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2002|5|3}}
|-
| 126|| {{flag|San Marino}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2004|1|22}}
|-
|127|| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2004|7|14}}
|-
| 128|| {{flag|Benin}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2005|9|20}}
|-
| 129|| {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2006|7|17}}
|-
| 130|| {{flag|Tunisia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2007|6|15}}
|-
| 131|| {{flag|Montenegro}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2008|5|9}}
|-
| 132|| {{flag|Botswana}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2009|12|15}}
|-
|133|| {{flag|Djibouti}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2009|12|15}}
|-
| 134|| {{flag|Monaco}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2010|11|22}}
|-
| 135|| {{flag|Burkina Faso}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2011|7|29}}
|-
| 136|| {{flag|Liechtenstein}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|1|3}}
|-
| 137|| {{flag|Mongolia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|1|17}}
|-
|138 || {{flag|Dominica}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|03|13}}
|-
|139 || {{flag|Palau}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|4|18}}
|-
| 140|| {{flag|Solomon Islands}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|9|11}}
|-
|141 || {{flag|Fiji}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|11|9}}
|-
|— || {{flag|Kosovo}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|8|28}}<ref name="Visoka">{{cite book |author1=Gëzim Visoka |title=Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781138285330 |location=Abingdon |pages=219–221}}</ref>
|-
|142 || {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2015|1|14}}
|-
| 143|| {{flag|Turkmenistan}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2015|7|24}}
|-
| 144|| {{flag|Ivory Coast}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2016|4|29}}
|-
| 145 ||{{flag| China}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2017|6|12}}
|-
|146
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2018|5|26}}<ref>{{cite news |date=26 May 2018 |title=Panama establishes diplomatic relations with Tajikistan |url=http://www.panamatoday.com/panama/panama-establishes-diplomatic-relations-tajikistan-6930 |access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
|147 ||{{flag|Togo}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2019|03|26}}
|-
| 148||{{flag|Kenya}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2019|09|26}}
|-
|149 ||{{flag|Cape Verde}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2021|04|09}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=ENCUENTRO ENTRE LOS EMBAJADORES DE PANAMÁ Y CABO VERDE, ACREDITADOS EN LISBOA |url=https://mire.gob.pa/ministerio/encuentro-entre-los-embajadores-de-panama-y-cabo-verde-acreditados-en-lisboa/ |access-date=3 May 2022 |website= |language=es}}</ref>
|-
| 150||{{flag|Laos}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2021|09|09}}
|-
| 151||{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2021|09|24}}
|-
|152
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2021|11|29}}
|-
| 153||{{flag|Timor-Leste}}||{{Date table sorting|20 September 2022}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2022 |title=Together with Foreign Minister ErikaMouynes of Panama, I signed Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between TimorLeste & Panama in the margins on the 77th Session of the #NGA (20/09) |url=https://twitter.com/AdaljizaM/status/1572786372683137024 |access-date=22 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|154
|{{flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}
|{{Date table sorting|20 September 2022}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=22 September 2022 |title=The Federated States of Micronesia Establishes Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of Panama & the Kingdom of Bahrain |url=https://gov.fm/index.php/component/content/article/35-pio-articles/news-and-updates/646-the-federated-states-of-micronesia-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-the-republic-of-panama-the-kingdom-of-bahrain?Itemid=177 |access-date=21 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|155
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 September 2022}}
|-
|156
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|{{dts|18 September 2023}}
|-
|157
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 September 2023}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=En el marco de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, me reuní con mi homólogo de Uganda, Jeje Odongo, para el establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre nuestras naciones. |url=https://twitter.com/JanainaGob/status/1705571836358971608 |access-date=23 September 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|158
|{{Flag|Vanuatu}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 November 2023}}
|-
|159
|{{Flag|Zimbabwe}}
|{{Dts|28 December 2023}}
|-
|160
|{{Flag|Kiribati}}
|{{Dts|30 January 2024}}
|-
|—
|{{flag|Cook Islands}}
|{{DTS|8 March 2024}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 March 2024 |title=THE COOK ISLANDS FORMALISE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH PANAMA |url=https://mfai.gov.ck/news-updates/cook-islands-formalise-diplomatic-relations-panama |access-date=9 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
|161
|{{Flag|Marshall Islands}}
|{{Dts|23 September 2024}}
|-
|162
|{{Flag|Zambia}}
|{{Dts|24 September 2024}}
|-
|163
|{{Flag|Somalia}}
|{{Dts|20 January 2025}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 January 2025 |title=Panama and Somalia Forge New Diplomatic Ties at UN Security Council Meeting |url=https://web.unmission.gov.so/?p=813 |access-date=21 January 2025}}</ref>
|}

==Bilateral relations==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Armenia}}||<!--Date started-->7 August 1998|| 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belgium}}||<!--Date started-->15 February 1908|| 
* Belgium has an embassy in Panama City.
* Panama has an embassy in [[Brussels]] and a consulate-general in [[Antwerp]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Canada}}||{{dts|11 August 1961}}<ref name="date" />||See [[Canada–Panama relations]]

* Canada has an embassy in Panama City.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/panama/index.aspx?lang=eng| title = Embassy of Canada in Panama City (in English, French and Spanish)| date = 27 May 2021}}</ref>
* Panama has an embassy in [[Ottawa]] and consulates-general in [[Montreal]], [[Toronto]] and [[Vancouver]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.embassyofpanama.ca| title = Embassy of Panama in Ottawa (in English and Spanish)}}</ref>
|- valign="top"

|{{flag|China}}||{{dts|2 January 1909}}<ref name="date" />||See [[China–Panama relations]] and [[Panama–Taiwan relations]].

Panama established a diplomatic relationship with the [[Qing dynasty]] in 1909. After the [[Xinhai Revolution]], Panama recognized the establishment of the [[Republic of China (1912-49)|Republic of China]] (ROC), and retained diplomatic ties with the ROC until 2017. According to diplomatic cables published by [[WikiLeaks]], in 2009, after President [[Ricardo Martinelli]] took office, Panama wished to switch diplomatic relations from the ROC to the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC).<ref name=":0" /> This was rejected by the PRC, which did not want to disrupt its improving diplomatic relations with the ROC during the ROC [[Presidency of Ma Ying-jeou]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/wikileaks-china-rejects-panamas-wish-for-ties/ |title=WikiLeaks: China rejects Panama's wish for ties |website=[[Fox News]] |date=27 March 2015}}</ref>

On June 12, 2017, President [[Juan Carlos Varela]] announced that Panama has established a diplomatic relationship with [[People's Republic of China]], and Panama has severed diplomatic relationship with the [[Republic of China (Taiwan)]].<ref name=":1222">{{Cite book |last=Xin |first=Qiang |title=The Taiwan Question in Xi Jinping's Era: Beijing's Evolving Taiwan Policy and Taiwan's Internal and External Dynamics |last2= |first2= |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2024 |isbn=9781032861661 |editor-last=Zhao |editor-first=Suisheng |editor-link=Suisheng Zhao |location=London and New York |pages=69 |chapter=Selective Engagement: Mainland China's Dual-Track Taiwan Policy |doi=}}</ref>
* China has an embassy in Panama City.
* Panama has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]],  [[Guangzhou]] and [[Shanghai]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Chile}}||1 March 1908<ref name="date" />||

* Chile has an embassy in Panama City.<ref>[https://www.chile.gob.cl/panama/ Embassy of Chile in Panama City]</ref>
* Panama has an embassy in [[Santiago]] and a consulate-general in [[Valparaíso]].<ref>[https://mire.gob.pa/ministerio/embajada-y-consulado/santiago-embajada-de-panama/ Embassy of Panama in Santiago de Chile]</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Colombia}}||<!--Date started-->9 July 1924||See [[Colombia–Panama relations]]

* Colombia has an embassy in Panama City and consulates in [[Colón, Panama|Colón]], [[Jaqué]] and [[Puerto Obaldía]].
* Panama has an embassy in [[Bogotá]] and a consulate-general in [[Barranquilla]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}||<!--Date started-->29 December 1903||See [[Costa Rica–Panama relations]]

* Panama has an embassy in [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]].
* Costa Rica has an embassy in Panama City and a consulate in [[David, Chiriquí|David]]. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||<!--Date started-->18 November 1903|| 
* France has an embassy in Panama City.
* Panama has an embassy in [[Paris]] and a consulate-general in [[Marseille]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|India}}||{{dts|1 June 1962}}<ref name="date" />||See [[India–Panama relations]]

Panama is the first country in [[Central America]] where India established a resident embassy in 1973. Bilateral commercial and trade relations are steadily growing between India and Panama, with Panama seen as the gateway for expansion into Latin America.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/India-Panama_Relations.pdf | title=India-Panama Relations | publisher=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] | access-date=15 January 2014 }}</ref>
* India has an embassy in Panama City.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.indianembassyinpanama.com/| title = Indian Embassy in Panama}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://mea.gov.in/indian-mission.htm?167/167/0| title = Indian mission in Panama}}</ref>
* Panama has an embassy in [[New Delhi]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://panama.visahq.in/embassy/india/| title = Panama Embassy in India}}</ref> and a consulate-general in [[Mumbai]].

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kosovo}}||27 August 2013<ref name="Kosovo">{{cite web|date=27 August 2013|title=Panamá puerta de entrada de Kosovo a América Latina|url=http://mire.gob.pa/noticias/2013/08/27/panama-puerta-de-entrada-de-kosovo-america-latina|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917222450/http://mire.gob.pa/noticias/2013/08/27/panama-puerta-de-entrada-de-kosovo-america-latina|archive-date=17 September 2016|access-date=17 July 2016|language=es}}</ref>||
Panama officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 16 January 2009.<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/index.php?page=2,4,124 Panama recognised independent state of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-01-16</ref> Kosovo and Panama established diplomatic relations on 27 August 2013, following the establishment of diplomatic relations Kosovo announced it would be opening an embassy in Panama and that this embassy would be Kosovo's 'gateway to Latin America'.<ref>[http://mire.gob.pa/noticias/2013/08/27/panama-puerta-de-entrada-de-kosovo-america-latina Panamá puerta de entrada de Kosovo a América Latina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917222450/http://mire.gob.pa/noticias/2013/08/27/panama-puerta-de-entrada-de-kosovo-america-latina |date=2016-09-17 }}, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Panamá, 2013-08-27 (in Spanish)</ref>

Kosovo has an embassy in Panama City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ambasada-ks.net/pa/|title=Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme - Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në Panama|last=Panama|first=Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme-Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në|website=Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme - Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në Panama|access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref> Both countries enjoy excellent relationships.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mexico}}||29 May 1923<ref name="date" />||See [[Mexico–Panama relations]]

* Mexico has an embassy in Panama City.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/panama/| title = Embassy of Mexico in Panama City (in Spanish)}}</ref>
* Panama has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz City]].<ref>[https://mire.gob.pa/ministerio/embajada-y-consulado/mexico-embajada-de-panama/ Embassy of Panama in Mexico City (in Spanish)]</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Peru}}||<!--Date started-->2 March 1908||{{main|Panama–Peru relations}}

* Panama has an embassy in [[Lima]].
* Peru has an embassy in Panama City.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Russia}}||21 November 1903<ref name="date" />||See [[Panama–Russia relations]]

* Panama has an embassy in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.embapanamarusia.ru/index.php/en/ |title=Embassy of Panama in Moscow (in Spanish) |access-date=2014-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307151229/http://www.embapanamarusia.ru/index.php/en/ |archive-date=2018-03-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in Panama city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.panama.mid.ru/ |title=Embassy of Russia in Panama City (in Russian and Spanish) |access-date=2019-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624054357/http://www.panama.mid.ru/ |archive-date=2009-06-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}||1 June 1979<ref name="date" />||See [[Panama–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations]]

Panama was the first Latin American country on recognizing the [[SADR]] in 1978, during the military rule of [[Omar Torrijos]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.elsiglo.com/siglov2/Opinion.php?idnews=33465&idsec=3&fechaz=23-01-2007 |title=Panamá y la república Saharaui |access-date=2010-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716055021/http://www.elsiglo.com/siglov2/Opinion.php?idnews=33465&idsec=3&fechaz=23-01-2007 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Panama also has the oldest [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|Sahrawi]] embassy in [[Latin America]]. Relations were suspended from 20 November 2013 to 7 January 2016;.<ref name="PNMSADR">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201601081008.html|title=Algeria: Sahrawi Embassy in Panama Reopens|date=2016-01-07|access-date=2015-01-13|publisher=AllAfrica}}</ref>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}||2006<ref name="date" />||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 17, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-07-17 |archive-date=2020-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806131148/https://www.mire.gob.pa/sites/default/files/documentos/Trasnsparencia/gestion-anual-2011-2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
*Both countries are full members of the [[Organization of American States]].

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Serbia}}||1953<ref name="date" />||
*Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1953.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-issues/96-bilateral-issues/12343-panama |title=Panama |access-date=2016-12-31 |archive-date=2020-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704080346/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-issues/96-bilateral-issues/12343-panama |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
*A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/images/stories/bilaterala_ugovori/PANAMA.doc |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-12-31 |archive-date=2017-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101003619/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/images/stories/bilaterala_ugovori/PANAMA.doc |url-status=dead }}</ref>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Africa}}||1995<ref name="date" />||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1995.<ref name="date"/><ref name="dirco.gov.za">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/panama.html|title = Panama (Republic of)}}</ref>
* Panama has an embassy [[Pretoria]].
* South Africa is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Lima, Peru.<ref name="dirco.gov.za"/>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Korea}}||30 September 1962<ref name="date"/>||See [[Panama–South Korea relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on Sep 30, 1962.

* Panama has an embassy in Seoul.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&sm=top_sug.pre&fbm=1&acr=1&acq=%EC%A3%BC%ED%95%9C%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98&qdt=0&ie=utf8&query=%EC%A3%BC%ED%95%9C+%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88+%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC%EA%B4%80 |title=주한파나마대사관 |language=Korean |trans-title=Embassy of Panama in Korea |date= |website=naver.com}}</ref>
* South Korea has an embassy in Panama City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pan.mofa.go.kr/worldlanguage/america/pan/main/index.jsp|title = 주 파나마 대한민국 대사관}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/latinamerica/countries/20070803/1_24568.jsp?menu=m_30_30 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Latin America and Caribbean |access-date=2017-07-26 |archive-date=2015-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705024155/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/latinamerica/countries/20070803/1_24568.jsp?menu=m_30_30 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiercasa.com/en/panama/panama-guide/korean-embassy-panama-relations|title = Korea-Panama Relations}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||10 May 1904<ref name="date" />||See [[Panama–Spain relations]]

* Panama has an embassy in Madrid and consulates-general in [[A Coruña]], [[Barcelona]], [[Las Palmas]] and [[Valencia]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://espana.panamaemb.gob.pa| title = Embassy of Panama in Madrid (in Spanish)}}</ref>
* Spain has an embassy in Panama City.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.exteriores.gob.es/embajadas/panama/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx| title = Embassy of Spain in Panama City (in Spanish)}}</ref>

|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Thailand}}||20 August 1982||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1982.<ref name="date"/><ref name="dirco.gov.za"/>
* Panama has an embassy in [[Bangkok]].
* Thailand is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.<ref name="dirco.gov.za"/>
|- valign="top"

|{{flag|Turkey}}||21 September 1950||See [[Panama–Turkey relations]]
* [[Panama]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="mfa.gov.tr">{{Cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Panama |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-panama.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Panama]].<ref name="mfa.gov.tr"/>
*Trade volume between the two countries was US$260.9 million in 2019 (Panamanian exports/imports: 12.1/248.8 million USD).<ref name="mfa.gov.tr"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||{{Date table sorting|9 April 1908}}||See [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom]]

The UK established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 9 April 1908.
*Panama maintains an embassy in London.
*The United Kingdom is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Panama City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-panama-city|title=British Embassy Panama City|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|access-date=13 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613110517/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-panama-city|archive-date=13 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
Both countries share common membership of the [[World Trade Organization]], as well as the [[Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom|Central America–UK Trade Continuity Agreement]].<ref>{{cite web|title=UK and Central America sign continuity agreement|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-central-america-sign-continuity-agreement|date=18 July 2019|website=GOV.UK|access-date=24 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718222318/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-central-america-sign-continuity-agreement|archive-date=18 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have an investment agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2738/panama---united-kingdom-bit-1983-|title=Panama - United Kingdom BIT (1983)|website=[[UN Trade and Development]]|access-date=13 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227034140/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2738/panama---united-kingdom-bit-1983-|archive-date=27 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"

|{{flag|United States}}||13 November 1903<br />3 April 1964<ref name="date" />||See [[Panama–United States relations]]

The United States cooperates with the [[Politics of Panama|Panamanian government]] in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies. Cultural ties between the two countries are strong, and many Panamanians go to the United States for [[Tertiary education|higher education]] and advanced training. In 2007, the U.S. and Panama partnered to launch a regional health worker training center. The center provides training to community healthcare workers in Panama and throughout Central America. About 25,000 American citizens reside in Panama, many retirees from the Panama Canal Commission and individuals who hold dual nationality. There is also a rapidly growing enclave of American retirees in the Chiriqui Province in western Panama.
* Panama has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Houston]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Miami]], [[New Orleans]], [[New York City]], [[Philadelphia]] and [[Tampa]].<ref>[https://www.embassyofpanama.org/ Embassy of Panama in Washington, D.C.]</ref>
* United States has an embassy in Panama City.<ref>[https://pa.usembassy.gov/ Embassy of the United States in Panama City]</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uruguay}}||<!--Date started-->28 October 1904||See [[Panama–Uruguay relations]]

* Panama has an embassy in [[Montevideo]].
* Uruguay has an embassy in Panama City.
|-
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|1717
|See [[Panama–Venezuela relations]]
|}

== Multilateral relations ==
Panama is a member of the [[UN General Assembly]] (and most major UN agencies) and has served three terms in the [[UN Security Council]]. In November 2006,  it was elected to serve a two-year term on the Security Council, beginning January 1, 2007.  It maintains membership in several international financial institutions, including the [[World Bank]], the [[Inter-American Development Bank]], and the [[International Monetary Fund]].

Panama is a member of the [[Organization of American States]] and was a founding member of the [[Rio Group]]. Although it was suspended from the [[Latin American Economic System]] — known informally both as the Group of Eight and the Rio Group — in 1988 due to its internal political system under [[Manuel Noriega]], Panama was readmitted in September, 1994 as an acknowledgment of its present democratic credentials.

Panama is also one of the founding members of the [[Union of Banana Exporting Countries]] and belongs to the [[Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission]]. Panama is a member of the [[Central American Parliament]] (PARLACEN) as well as the [[Central American Integration System]] (SICA). Panama joined its six Central American neighbors at the 1994 Summit of the Americas in signing the [[Alliance for Sustainable Development]] known as the ''Conjunta Centroamerica-USA'' or CONCAUSA to promote sustainable economic development in the region.

Panama is also a member of the [[International Criminal Court]] with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the [[United States|US]]-military (as covered under [[Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court|Article 98]]).

==See also==
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Panama]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of Panama]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Further|Panama–United States relations}}
* Ealy, Lawrence O. ''The Republic of Panama in world affairs, 1903-1950'' (U of Pennsylvania Press, 1951). [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.9783/9781512815689/pdf online]
* Farnsworth, David N., and James W. McKenney. ''US-Panama relations, 1903–1978: A study in linkage politics'' (Routledge, 2020).
* Major, John. "‘Pro mundi beneficio’? The Panama Canal as an international issue, 1943–8." ''Review of International Studies'' 9.1 (1983): 17–34.
* Williams Jr, Harold E. ''Panamanian-US Relations Towards 2000: An Opportunity for Partnership'' (Naval Postgraduate School, 1995) [https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA299944.pdf online].
	
{{Foreign relations of Panama}}
{{Panama topics}}
{{Americas topic|Foreign relations of|title=Foreign relations in the Americas}}
{{Foreign relations of South America}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign Relations Of Panama}}
[[Category:Foreign relations of Panama| ]]