Editing Foreign relations of Mongolia

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Politics of Mongolia}}

[[Mongolia]] has [[diplomatic relations]] with all 192 [[UN states]], the [[Holy See]], the [[State of Palestine]] and the [[European Union]].<ref name="mfat">{{Cite web |title=Дипломат харилцаа |url=https://www.gov.mn/mn/organization/mfa/service?documentId=2&serviceId=0a75ab18-35eb-4650-bcf2-8965ce765597 |access-date=10 December 2024 |website=Government of Mongolia |lang=mn}}</ref>

Its geopolitical position is defined by its geographical location, situated between [[Russia]] and [[China]], relying on trade with both sides. Officially, it maintains a neutral stance on international matters<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-03 |title=Sorry not sorry, says Mongolia after failure to arrest Putin |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/mongolia-failure-arrest-vladimir-putin-international-warrant-international-criminal-court/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=POLITICO |language=en-GB}}</ref> It has a modest number of [[Mongolian diplomatic missions|missions abroad]].

==Diplomatic relations==
List of countries which Mongolia maintains diplomatic relations with:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |[[File:Diplomatic relations of Mongolia.svg|frameless|425x425px]]
|-
!#
!Country
!Date<ref name="mfat" />
|-
|1
|{{flag|Russia}}
|{{Date table sorting|5 November 1921}}
|-
|2
|{{flag|North Korea}}
|{{Date table sorting|15 October 1948}}
|-
|3
|{{flag|Albania}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 March 1949}}
|-
|4
|{{flag|China}}
|{{Date table sorting|16 October 1949}}
|-
|5
|{{flag|Poland}}
|{{Date table sorting|14 April 1950}}
|-
|6
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 April 1950}}
|-
|7
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|{{Dts|25 April 1950}}<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Petruf |first=Pavol |title=Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 |pages=99 |language=sk}}</ref>
|-
|8
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|{{Date table sorting|28 April 1950}}
|-
|9
|{{flag|Romania}}
|{{Date table sorting|29 April 1950}}
|-
|10
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|{{Date table sorting|17 November 1954}}
|-
|11
|{{flag|India}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 December 1955}}
|-
|12
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|{{Date table sorting|26 September 1956}}
|-
|13
|{{flag| Yugoslavia}}
|{{Date table sorting|20 November 1956}}
|-
|14
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 December 1956}}<ref name="id">{{Cite tweet |number=1870317746728452329 |user=MonEmb_Jakarta |title=1956 оны 12 дугаар сарын 21-нд Монгол Улс, БНИУ-ын хооронд дипломат харилцаа тогтоосон билээ. |date=21 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
|15
|{{flag|Guinea}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 April 1960}}
|-
|16
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|{{Date table sorting|30 November 1960}}
|-
|17
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|{{Date table sorting|7 December 1960}}
|-
|18
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|{{Date table sorting|5 January 1961}}
|-
|19
|{{flag|Mali}}
|{{Date table sorting|25 January 1961}}
|-
|20
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|{{Date table sorting|25 June 1961}}
|-
|21
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|{{Date table sorting|1 February 1962}}
|-
|22
|{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}
|{{Date table sorting|1 February 1962}}
|-
|23
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|{{Date table sorting|5 February 1962}}
|-
|24
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|{{Date table sorting|6 July 1962}}
|-
|25
|{{flag|Laos}}
|{{Date table sorting|12 September 1962}}
|-
|26
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{Date table sorting|23 January 1963}}
|-
|27
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|{{Date table sorting|2 April 1963}}
|-
|28
|{{flag|Austria}}
|{{Date table sorting|1 July 1963}}
|-
|29
|{{flag|Finland}}
|{{Date table sorting|15 July 1963}}
|-
|30
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 May 1964}}
|-
|31
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|{{Date table sorting|30 June 1964}}
|-
|32
|{{flag|France}}
|{{Date table sorting|27 April 1965}}
|-
|33
|{{flag|Ghana}}
|{{Date table sorting|7 December 1965}}
|-
|34
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|{{Date table sorting|31 December 1966}}
|-
|35
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|{{Date table sorting|17 January 1967}}
|-
|36
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 January 1967}}
|-
|37
|{{flag|Greece}}
|{{Date table sorting|3 March 1967}}
|-
|38
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|{{Date table sorting|30 June 1967}}
|-
|39
|{{flag|Syria}}
|{{Date table sorting|31 July 1967}}
|-
|40
|{{flag|Norway}}
|{{Date table sorting|11 January 1968}}
|-
|41
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|{{Date table sorting|5 August 1968}}
|-
|42
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 June 1969}}
|-
|43
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|{{Date table sorting|11 June 1970}}
|-
|44
|{{flag|Central African Republic}}
|{{Date table sorting|18 June 1970}}
|-
|45
|{{flag|Italy}}
|{{Date table sorting|29 June 1970}}
|-
|46
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|{{Date table sorting|7 July 1970}}
|-
|47
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|{{Date table sorting|14 July 1970}}
|-
|48
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|{{Date table sorting|28 August 1970}}
|-
|49
|{{flag|Somalia}}
|{{Date table sorting|28 February 1971}}
|-
|50
|{{flag|Iran}}
|{{Date table sorting|20 May 1971}}
|-
|51
|{{flag|Chile}}
|{{Date table sorting|1 June 1971}}
|-
|52
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|{{Date table sorting|8 July 1971}}
|-
|53
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|{{Date table sorting|7 September 1971}}
|-
|54
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|{{Date table sorting|8 September 1971}}
|-
|55
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 September 1971}}
|-
|56
|{{flag|Japan}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 February 1972}}
|-
|57
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|{{Date table sorting|6 March 1972}}
|-
|58
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|{{Date table sorting|28 June 1972}}
|-
|59
|{{flag|Australia}}
|{{Date table sorting|15 September 1972}}
|-
|60
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|{{Date table sorting|11 October 1973}}
|-
|61
|{{flag|Canada}}
|{{Date table sorting|30 November 1973}}
|-
|62
|{{flag|Cyprus}}
|{{Date table sorting|19 December 1973}}
|-
|63
|{{flag|Germany}} (back then West Germany)
|{{Date table sorting|31 January 1974}}
|-
|64
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|{{Date table sorting|5 March 1974}}
|-
|65
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|{{Date table sorting|4 June 1974}}
|-
|66
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|{{Date table sorting|26 July 1974}}
|-
|67
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|{{Date table sorting|4 February 1975}}
|-
|68
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|{{Date table sorting|8 April 1975}}
|-
|69
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|{{Date table sorting|17 June 1975}}
|-
|70
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 September 1975}}
|-
|71
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|{{Date table sorting|27 September 1975}}
|-
|72
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
|{{Date table sorting|14 October 1975}}
|-
|73
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 October 1975}}
|-
|74
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|{{Date table sorting|19 November 1975}}
|-
|75
|{{flag|Angola}}
|{{Date table sorting|10 February 1976}}
|-
|76
|{{flag|Fiji}}
|{{Date table sorting|15 March 1976}}
|-
|77
|{{flag|Liberia}}
|{{Date table sorting|23 April 1976}}
|-
|78
|{{flag|Libya}}
|{{Date table sorting|16 June 1976}}
|-
|79
|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}
|{{Date table sorting|16 June 1976}}
|-
|80
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
|{{Date table sorting|11 July 1976}}
|-
|81
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|{{Date table sorting|15 February 1977}}
|-
|82
|{{flag|Benin}}
|{{Date table sorting|2 April 1977}}
|-
|83
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|{{Date table sorting|6 June 1977}}
|-
|84
|{{flag|Spain}}
|{{Date table sorting|5 July 1977}}
|-
|85
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|{{Date table sorting|2 October 1978}}
|-
|86
|{{flag|Madagascar}}
|{{Date table sorting|11 May 1979}}
|-
|87
|{{flag|Malta}}
|{{Date table sorting|8 August 1979}}
|-
|88
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|{{Date table sorting|13 October 1979}}
|-
|89
|{{flag|Guyana}}
|{{Date table sorting|15 November 1979}}
|-
|90
|{{flag|Grenada}}
|{{Date table sorting|25 July 1980}}
|-
|91
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 May 1981}}
|-
|92
|{{flag|Seychelles}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 August 1981}}
|-
|93
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|{{Date table sorting|30 October 1982}}
|-
|94
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|{{Date table sorting|30 August 1984}}
|-
|95
|{{flag|Lesotho}}
|{{Date table sorting|2 July 1985}}
|-
|96
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
|{{Date table sorting|25 October 1985}}
|-
|97
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|{{Date table sorting|6 November 1985}}
|-
|98
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|{{Date table sorting|12 December 1985}}
|-
|99
|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}
|{{Date table sorting|6 July 1986}}
|-
|100
|{{flag|United States}}
|{{Date table sorting|27 January 1987}}
|-
|101
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|{{Date table sorting|19 June 1987}}
|-
|102
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|{{Date table sorting|10 August 1988}}
|-
|103
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|{{Date table sorting|1 March 1989}}
|-
|—
|{{flag|State of Palestine}}
|{{dts|13 October 1989}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Daily Report - East Asia. Index · Volume 11, Issue 11 |year=1989 |pages=52}}</ref>
|-
|104
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|{{Date table sorting|26 March 1990}}
|-
|105
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|{{Date table sorting|30 November 1990}}
|-
|106
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|{{Date table sorting|14 December 1990}}
|-
|107
|{{flag|Israel}}
|{{Date table sorting|2 October 1991}}
|-
|108
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|{{Date table sorting|15 October 1991}}
|-
|109
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|{{Date table sorting|20 November 1991}}
|-
|110
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|{{Date table sorting|11 December 1991}}
|-
|111
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 January 1992}}
|-
|112
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 January 1992}}
|-
|113
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 January 1992}}
|-
|114
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|{{Date table sorting|25 January 1992}}
|-
|115
|{{flag|Moldova}}
|{{Date table sorting|30 January 1992}}
|-
|116
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 February 1992}}
|-
|—
|{{flag|Holy See}}
|{{Date table sorting|4 April 1992}}
|-
|117
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|{{Date table sorting|16 April 1992}}
|-
|118
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 April 1992}}
|-
|119
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|{{Date table sorting|23 April 1992}}
|-
|120
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 April 1992}}
|-
|121
|{{flag|Oman}}
|{{Date table sorting|27 April 1992}}
|-
|122
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|{{Date table sorting|12 May 1992}}
|-
|123
|{{flag|Brunei}}
|{{Date table sorting|18 May 1992}}
|-
|124
|{{flag|Slovakia}}
|{{Date table sorting|1 January 1993}}
|-
|125
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|{{Date table sorting|18 January 1993}}
|-
|126
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 February 1993}}
|-
|127
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|{{Date table sorting|10 March 1993}}
|-
|128
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|{{Date table sorting|25 May 1994}}
|-
|129
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
|{{Date table sorting|27 June 1995}}
|-
|130
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|{{Date table sorting|1 April 1996}}
|-
|131
|{{flag|Peru}}
|{{Date table sorting|30 May 1997}}
|-
|132
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|{{Date table sorting|7 October 1997}}
|-
|133
|{{flag|Qatar}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 January 1998}}
|-
|134
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|{{Date table sorting|5 February 1998}}
|-
|135
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}
|{{Date table sorting|18 March 1998}}
|-
|136
|{{flag|Bahrain}}
|{{Date table sorting|16 May 1998}}
|-
|137
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 December 1998}}
|-
|138
|{{flag|El Salvador}}
|{{Date table sorting|14 July 1999}}
|-
|139
|{{flag|Tonga}}
|{{Date table sorting|4 April 2000}}
|-
|140
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|{{Date table sorting|17 June 2003}}
|-
|141
|{{flag|Timor-Leste}}
|{{Date table sorting|28 October 2003}}
|-
|142
|{{flag|Guatemala}}
|{{Date table sorting|3 July 2006}}
|-
|143
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
|{{Date table sorting|1 February 2007}}
|-
|144
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|{{Date table sorting|12 February 2007}}
|-
|145
|{{flag|San Marino}}
|{{Date table sorting|25 April 2007}}
|-
|146
|{{flag|Monaco}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 May 2008}}
|-
|147
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|{{Date table sorting|27 May 2010}}
|-
|148
|{{flag|Nauru}}
|{{Date table sorting|13 October 2011}}
|-
|149
|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|{{Date table sorting|13 October 2011}}
|-
|150
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|{{Date table sorting|13 October 2011}}
|-
|151
|{{flag|Dominica}}
|{{Date table sorting|18 October 2011}}
|-
|152
|{{flag|Honduras}}
|{{Date table sorting|19 October 2011}}
|-
|153
|{{flag|Andorra}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 October 2011}}
|-
|154
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|{{Date table sorting|5 December 2011}}
|-
|155
|{{flag|Tuvalu}}
|{{Date table sorting|5 December 2011}}
|-
|156
|{{flag|South Sudan}}
|{{Date table sorting|20 December 2011}}
|-
|157
|{{flag|Malawi}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 December 2011}}
|-
|158
|{{flag|Samoa}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 December 2011}}
|-
|159
|{{flag|Gambia}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 December 2011}}
|-
|160
|{{flag|Panama}}
|{{Date table sorting|17 January 2012}}
|-
|161
|{{flag|Bhutan}}
|{{Date table sorting|17 January 2012}}
|-
|162
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|{{Date table sorting|22 March 2012}}
|-
|163
|{{flag|Jamaica}}
|{{Date table sorting|26 October 2012}}
|-
|164
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|{{Date table sorting|19 April 2013}}
|-
|165
|{{flag|Eritrea}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 June 2013}}
|-
|166
|{{flag|Burundi}}
|{{Date table sorting|8 July 2013}}
|-
|167
|{{flag|Togo}}
|{{Date table sorting|6 September 2013}}
|-
|168
|{{flag|Vanuatu}}
|{{Date table sorting|23 September 2013}}
|-
|169
|{{flag|Palau}}
|{{Date table sorting|25 September 2013}}
|-
|170
|{{flag|Suriname}}
|{{Date table sorting|27 September 2013}}
|-
|171
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
|{{Date table sorting|27 September 2013}}
|-
|172
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|{{Date table sorting|20 November 2013}}
|-
|173
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|{{Date table sorting|25 November 2013}}
|-
|174
|{{flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}
|{{Date table sorting|6 December 2013}}
|-
|175
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|{{Date table sorting|14 January 2014}}
|-
|176
|{{flag|Kiribati}}
|{{Date table sorting|15 January 2014}}
|-
|177
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|{{Date table sorting|20 February 2014}}
|-
|178
|{{flag|Chad}}
|{{Date table sorting|3 April 2014}}
|-
|179
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|{{Date table sorting|3 July 2014}}
|-
|180
|{{flag|Gabon}}
|{{Date table sorting|19 September 2014}}
|-
|181
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}
|{{Date table sorting|27 September 2014}}
|-
|182
|{{flag|Niger}}
|{{Date table sorting|25 March 2015}}
|-
|183
|{{flag|Cameroon}}
|{{Date table sorting|2 April 2015}}
|-
|184
|{{flag|Marshall Islands}}
|{{Date table sorting|23 May 2015}}
|-
|185
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|{{Date table sorting|20 January 2016}}
|-
|186
|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
|{{Date table sorting|12 April 2016}}
|-
|187
|{{flag|Bahamas}}
|{{Date table sorting|8 July 2016}}
|-
|188
|{{flag|Belize}}
|{{Date table sorting|20 June 2017}}
|-
|189
|{{flag|Eswatini}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 November 2018}}
|-
|190
|{{flag|Barbados}}
|{{Date table sorting|17 January 2019}}
|-
|191
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|{{Date table sorting|24 February 2021}}
|-
|192
|{{flag|Botswana}}
|{{dts|6 December 2023}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Diplomatic relations between Botswana and Mongolia as of 6 December 2023 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4032660?ln=en |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref>
|}

==Africa==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Egypt }}||1963-04-02||{{further information|Egypt–Mongolia relations}}

Diplomatic relations between Egypt and Mongolia were established in 1964.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1025DDF543B4119D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|publisher=The Ulaanbaatar Post|date=2004-05-03|access-date=2007-10-26|title=Mongolian president discusses cooperation with Egyptian counterpart in Cairo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610014723/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1025DDF543B4119D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|archive-date=2011-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Cairo]] currently hosts Mongolia's only embassy on the [[Africa|African continent]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mongolianembassy.us/eng_embassy_info/missions_abroad.php |title=Missions Abroad |publisher=Embassy of Mongolia, Washington D.C. |access-date=2007-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011090744/http://mongolianembassy.us/eng_embassy_info/missions_abroad.php |archive-date=2007-10-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=BBC|title=Mongolian president discusses cooperation with Egyptian counterpart|date=2004-05-03|access-date=2007-10-26|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/BBAB/lib00589,1025DDF543B4119D.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707204143/http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/BBAB/lib00589,1025DDF543B4119D.html|archive-date=2012-07-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2001, Mongolia sent policemen to Egypt to attend trainings sessions on anti-terrorism and the prevention of [[drug trafficking]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F97A45F54F92422&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Mongolia: Policemen to be trained in Egypt|date=2001-09-03|access-date=2007-10-26|publisher=Daily News, Ulaanbaatar}}</ref> [[President of Mongolia|Mongolian President]] [[Natsagiin Bagabandi]] and his wife Azadsurengiin Oyunbileg paid an official visit to Egypt in April 2004, during which he invited [[President of Egypt|Egyptian President]] [[Hosni Mubarak]] to pay him a return visit in Mongolia.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=The Presidential Office of Mongolia|date=2004-04-27|title=President in Egypt}}</ref> Almost exactly one year later, [[Foreign Minister of Egypt|Egyptian Foreign Minister]] [[Ahmed Aboul Gheit]] visited Mongolia, during which he began the planning of mutual visits of the ministers of finance of the two countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://gate1.pmis.gov.mn/president/News-2005/2005-04-24e.htm |date=2005-04-24 |access-date=2007-10-26 |title=President meets with Egyptian MFA |publisher=The Presidential Office of Mongolia }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[https://web.archive.org/web/20111101135149/http://mfat.gov.mn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=238%3A-v-&catid=38%3A2009-12-20-21-52-48&Itemid=80&lang=mn Bilateral relations between Mongolia and Egypt] {{in lang|mn}}
|}

==Americas==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Canada }}||1973-11-30<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Canada–Mongolia relations}}

Both countries established diplomatic relations on November 30, 1973. Canada is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]]. Mongolia has an embassy in [[Ottawa]], and in 2002 opened an honorary consulate in Toronto. Though Canada and Mongolia established diplomatic ties in 1973, [[ad hoc]] linkages and minor activities occurred between the two countries mainly through the Canada-Mongolia Society, which disbanded in 1980.  When Mongolia formed a democratic government in 1991 after the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]], Canada began to support Mongolia with donor activities through the [[International Development Research Centre]], [[Canadian International Development Agency]] and several [[non-governmental organization]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Mongolian-Canadian Education, Training and Research Cooperation: A Brief History, 1973-2000 |first=Wayne |last=Nelles |journal=Canadian and International Education |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=91 |date=December 2000 |url=http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/en/cie/2902/2902091.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219074525/http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/en/cie/2902/2902091.htm |archive-date=2007-12-19 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mexico}}||<!--Date started-->1975-09-24||{{further information|Mexico–Mongolia relations}}

In October 2001, Mexican President [[Vicente Fox]] paid an official visit to Mongolia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/68321.html|title=Viajará a Mongolia sin aval del Congreso|website=El Universal |publisher=Compañia Periodística Nacional |location=México|access-date=16 April 2018}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]] and maintains an honorary consulate in Ulaanbaatar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/corea/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|access-date=16 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://saladeprensa.sre.gob.mx/index.php/es/comunicados-de-sala-de-prensa-global/6801-embamex-cor|title=México y Mongolia conmemoran 40 años de relaciones diplomáticas|website=saladeprensa.sre.gob.mx|access-date=16 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/103704/CON_HON_130616_ASIA.pdf|title=Honorary Consulates of Mexico in Asia: Mongolia|website=www.gob.mx|access-date=16 April 2018}}</ref>
* Mongolia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Mexico City]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mongolianembassy.us|title=Embassy of Mongolia|website=Embassy of Mongolia|access-date=16 April 2018}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mongolianconsulate.mx/espanol/index.html Honorary Consulate of Mongolia in Mexico City] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606220227/http://www.mongolianconsulate.mx/espanol/index.html |date=2017-06-06 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Paraguay }}||2003-06-17<ref name="mfat" />||
* Mongolia is accredited to Paraguay through its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil.
* Paraguay is accredited to Mongolia through its embassy in [[Seoul]], South Korea.
* Mongolia signed a visa-free agreement with Paraguay on 26 September 2019.<ref>[https://akipress.com/news:625945:Mongolia_and_Paraguay_sign_visa_waiver_agreement/ Mongolia and Paraguay sign visa waiver agreement]</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}||2021-02-24<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mongolia.gogo.mn/r/e6yxm|title=Mongolia establishes diplomatic relations with Trinidad and Tobago|work=GoGo Mongolia|date=February 26, 2021|access-date=July 29, 2021}}</ref>||
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United States}}||1987-01-27<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Mongolia–United States relations}}

The U.S. government recognized Mongolia in January 1987 and established its first embassy in Ulaanbaatar in June 1988. It formally opened in September 1988. The first U.S. ambassador to Mongolia, Richard L. Williams, was not a resident there. Joseph E. Lake, the first resident ambassador, arrived in July 1990. Secretary of State James A. Baker, III visited Mongolia in August 1990, and again in July 1991. Mongolia accredited its first ambassador to the United States in March 1989. Secretary of State [[Madeleine Albright]] visited Mongolia in May 1998, and Prime Minister Enkhbayar visited Washington in November 2001. Deputy Secretary of State [[Richard L. Armitage]] visited Mongolia in January 2004, and President Bagabandi came to Washington for a meeting with President [[George W. Bush]] in July 2004. President Bush, Mrs. Bush, and Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]] visited Mongolia in November 2005.  It was the first ever visit of a U.S. President to Mongolia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://georgewbush-pwhitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/11/20051121-1.html|title=Joint Statement Between Mongolia and the United States of America|date=21 November 2005 |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref>Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, Foreign Service Office of [[Montsame News Agency]], {{ISBN|99929-0-627-8}}, p. 57</ref> Defense Secretary [[Donald Rumsfeld]] visited in October 2005 and Speaker of the House of Representatives Dennis Hastert visited Mongolia in August 2005. Agriculture Secretary Johanns led a presidential delegation in July 2006 in conjunction with Mongolia's celebration of its 800th anniversary. President Enkhbayar visited the White House in October 2007 and the two presidents signed the Millennium Challenge Compact for Mongolia.

In 2008, the [[IRS]] presented a discussion of US Federal income tax to Director General Zorig Luvsandash from the General Department of National Taxation of the Republic of Mongolia.

In August 2011, [[Joe Biden]] made the first visit to Mongolia by a sitting [[U.S. Vice President]] since [[Henry A. Wallace|Henry Wallace]] toured the region in 1944.<ref>Robb, Greg, [http://blogs.marketwatch.com/thetell/2011/08/16/the-subtleties-of-bidens-trip-to-mongolia/ "The subtleties of Biden’s trip to Mongolia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929231822/http://blogs.marketwatch.com/thetell/2011/08/16/the-subtleties-of-bidens-trip-to-mongolia/ |date=2011-09-29 }}, ''[[MarketWatch]]'', August 16, 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-16.</ref>
|}

==East Asia==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|People's Republic of China}}||1949-10-16<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|People's Republic of China – Mongolia relations}}

In the Post–[[Cold War]] era, China has taken major steps to normalize its relationship with Mongolia, emphasizing its respect for Mongolia's sovereignty and independence. In 1994, [[Prime Minister of the People's Republic of China|Chinese Premier]] [[Li Peng]] signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation.<ref name="msa55"/> China has become Mongolia's biggest trade partner and source of [[foreign direct investment|foreign investment]] as well as the destination for 48% of Mongolian exports.<ref name="JF1">{{cite web|title="Pan-Mongolism" and U.S.-China-Mongolia relations |url=http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&issue_id=3322&article_id=2369707 |publisher=Jamestown Foundation |date=2005-06-29 |access-date=2008-06-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322015710/http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&issue_id=3322&article_id=2369707 |archive-date=March 22, 2007 }}</ref> Bilateral trade reached [[U.S. dollar|US$]]1.13 billion by the first nine months of 2007, registering an increase of 90% from 2006.<ref name="AT">{{cite web |title=China breathes new life into Mongolia |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/II01Cb02.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011101405/http://atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/II01Cb02.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=2007-10-11 |publisher=[[Asia Times]] |date=2007-09-12 |access-date=2008-06-16}}</ref> China offered to allow the use of its [[Tianjin]] port to give Mongolia and its goods access to trade with the [[Asia Pacific]] region.<ref name="JF1"/> China also expanded its investments in Mongolia's mining industries, seeking to develop the country's natural resources industry.<ref name="JF1"/><ref name="AT"/> Mongolia and China have stepped up cooperation on fighting [[terrorism]] and bolstering regional security. China is likely to support Mongolia's membership in to the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD), [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] (APEC) and granting it [[observer status]] in the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]].<ref name="JF1"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Republic of China (Taiwan) }}|| style="background:gray;"|none||{{main article|Mongolia–Taiwan relations}}

As the Republic of China did not recognize Mongolia until 1945, both countries did not exchange any diplomats between 1946 and 1949, and Mongolia recognized the People's Republic of China in 1949, there have never been formal diplomatic relations between [[Mongolia]] and the [[Republic of China]]. Until the 1990s, the [[Republic of China]] still considered [[Mongolia]] part of its territory. The [[Republic of China]] (currently on [[Taiwan]]) has not renounced claim to Mongolia as one of its provinces, primarily out of concern that such a move would be viewed as a precursor to renouncing sovereignty over all of Mainland China and [[Taiwan independence]]. In 2002 several ROC officials and government agencies passed laws and made strong statements recognizing Mongolia's sovereignty over the area (unofficially). "Outer Mongolia" was removed from the ROC's official maps and a representative office was established in Ulaanbaatar.

Citizens of the Republic of China may travel to Mongolia using [[Republic of China passport]]s (as is the case for most countries except the PRC), but Mongolian visas are stapled into (and not applied directly onto) the passport and Mongolian immigration authorities stamp the stapled visa instead of the passport. This is also the case for Hong Kong visas and entry/exit stamps.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Japan }}||1972-02-24<ref name="mfat" />||{{main article|Japan–Mongolia relations}}

Japan has been a major ally of Mongolia since the advent of democracy in 1991, and remains the largest single donor. Japanese aid and loans to Mongolia between 1991 and 2003 equal $1.2 billion, equaling 70 percent of total aid and loans.

The two countries established a cultural exchange dialogue in 1974, a trade agreement in 1990, an air relations agreement in 1993, and an investment agreement in 2003. Trade between Mongolia and Japan in the first ten months of 2004 was $83.3 million. In addition, about 500 Mongolian students study in Japan.

Mongolian President [[Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj]] visited Japan in 2011, and the two countries made a joint announcement regarding a strategic alliance.

In 1991, Japanese Prime Minister [[Toshiki Kaifu]] visited Mongolia, becoming the first to do so. Mongolian President [[Natsagiin Bagabandi]] first visited Japan in 1998. Mongolia has an embassy in [[Tokyo]], established in 1973. Japan has an embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]].
*[http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/mongolia/index.html Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Mongolia]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111026161237/http://mfat.gov.mn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=247%3A2009-12-22-09-29-54&catid=38%3A2009-12-20-21-52-48&Itemid=80&lang=mn Bilateral relations between Mongolia and Japan] {{in lang|mn}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Korea }}||1948-10-15<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Mongolia – North Korea relations}}
Mongolia has an embassy in North Korea. Relations date back to 1948, when [[Mongolia]] recognised [[Kim Il Sung]]'s [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-backed government in the North. [[North Korean refugees]] are a delicate issue between the two governments. In 2005, South Korean charity groups received from the Mongolian government an allocation of 1.3 square kilometres of land at an unspecified location 40 kilometres outside of Ulaanbaatar to establish a refugee camp.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Radio Free Asia|url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/politics/2005/09/06/nkorea_mongolia/|date=6 September 2005|title=Center Offers Haven For North Korean Defectors in Mongolia|last=Lee|first=Wonhee|access-date=4 July 2009|archive-date=3 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003013139/http://www.rfa.org/english/news/politics/2005/09/06/nkorea_mongolia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, as of November 2006, [[Miyeegombyn Enkhbold]], [[Prime Minister of Mongolia|Mongolia's prime minister]], officially denied the existence of such camps. One scholar estimated that 500 North Korean refugees enter Mongolia each month, along with some legal [[migrant workers|migrant labourers]] who come under an inter-governmental agreement to work in light industry and infrastructure projects.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Gulf Times, Qatar|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=119099&version=1&template_id=45&parent_id=25|title=Mongolia not planning camps for North Korea|date=24 November 2006|access-date=2007-08-22|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201341/http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=119099&version=1&template_id=45&parent_id=25|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Korea }}||1990-03-26<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Mongolia – South Korea relations}}

Mongolians in South Korea form the largest population of Mongolian citizens abroad.[https://web.archive.org/web/20080529213801/http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200503/200503290013.html]. Their numbers were estimated at 33,000 as of 2008.

South Korea established an embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]] in 1990.<ref>[http://mng.mofat.go.kr/eng/as/mng/main/index.jsp  South Korean embassy in Ulaanbaatar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227133509/http://mng.mofat.go.kr/eng/as/mng/main/index.jsp |date=2014-02-27 }}</ref> Mongolia established its embassy in [[Seoul]] in 1991. The relationship between the two countries has been defined by the Joint Mongolia-South Korean notice made during the visit of South Korean president [[Kim Dae-jung]] to Mongolia in 1990.
|}

==South East Asia==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cambodia }}||1960-11-30<ref name="mfat" />||
* Mongolia is accredited to Cambodia through its embassy in [[Vientiane]], [[Laos]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mfaic.gov.kh/EmbassyNonResidentMissions | title=EmbassyNew - Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation }}</ref>
* Cambodia is accredited to Mongolia through its embassy in [[Beijing]], [[China]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Indonesia}}||1956-12-21<ref name="id" />||{{main|Indonesia–Mongolia relations}}
* Indonesia and Mongolia formally established diplomatic relations in 1956, marked by President Soekarno's state visit to Ulaanbaatar in the same year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 September 2016 |title=Mongolia and Indonesia celebrates 60 years of diplomatic ties |url=https://www.montsame.mn/en/read/127042 |work=[[Montsame]] |access-date=11 March 2025}}</ref>
* For diplomatic affairs, the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Beijing, China, doubles as the Indonesian representative for Mongolia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kemlu.go.id/beijing |title=Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Beijing, People's Republic of China |access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref> Meanwhile, Mongolia has an embassy in Jakarta and honorary consulates in Jakarta and Surabaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61567859175860 |title=Embassy of Mongolia in Jakarta |website=Facebook |access-date=11 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic and Consular List - Embassy of Mongolia |url=https://layanandiplomatik.kemlu.go.id/index.php/guest/listing/114 |website=Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date=11 March 2025}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malaysia }}||1971-09-08<ref name="mfat" />||Mongolia did not present an ambassador to Malaysia for seven years due to the [[Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa|murder of a Mongolian citizen]] in the country, but later decided to appoint an ambassador in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.news.mn/content/144289.shtml|title=Mongolia considers re-establishing Embassy in Malaysia|publisher=English News Mongolia|date=15 May 2013|access-date=3 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407143828/http://www.news.mn/r/144289|archive-date=2017-04-07|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Singapore }}||1970-06-11<ref name="mfat" />||{{main|Mongolia–Singapore relations}}
* [[Mongolia]] has an embassy in [[Singapore]]. 
* The Embassy of Singapore accredited to Mongolia is in [[Seoul]].
* Around 20 Singaporeans live in Mongolia;<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/pm-lee-singapore-mongolia-share-perspectives-as-small-countries-with-bigger-neighbours|title=PM Lee: Singapore, Mongolia share perspectives as countries with bigger neighbours|date=13 July 2016 |publisher=The Straits Times|access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref> 4,804 Singaporeans visited Mongolia in 2017–2018.<ref name="embassy1">{{cite web | url=http://singapore.embassy.mn/index.php?moduls=14 |title=Hudaldaa, Ediin zasgiin hariltsaa (Trade and Political Relations)|access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref>
* Around 250 Mongolians live in Singapore; 7,196 Mongolians visited Singapore in 2017–2018.<ref name="embassy1"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Vietnam }}||1954-11-17<ref name="mfat" />||The two countries established diplomatic ties in 1954.<ref name="VNA">{{Cite book | title=Vietnamese agency reviews Mongolia ties before president's visit  | publisher=Vietnam News Agency | date=2000-04-11 | location=Hanoi | url=https://news.google.com/archivesearch?q=%22Vietnamese+agency+reviews+Mongolia+ties+before+president%27s+visit%22}}</ref> Mongolia has an embassy in Vietnam. The countries signed a Friendship and Cooperation Treaty in 1961, renewed it in 1979, and signed a new one in 1995.<ref name="VNA" /> On 13 January 2003, the countries signed an 8-point cooperative document committing to cooperation between the two governments and their legislative bodies, replacing an earlier document signed in 1998.<ref>{{Cite journal | title=Mongolia, Vietnam sign new cooperation document. | journal=Financial Times | date=2003-01-14}}</ref>
|}

==South Asia==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Afghanistan }}||1962-02-01<ref name="mfat" />||In December 2013 Mongolia re-established its embassy in [[Kabul]].<ref>[http://www.ikon.mn/n/2il Элчин сайд О. Дамбийням Афганистаны Ерөнхийлөгчид итгэмжлэх жуух бичгээ барилаа] '''(Mongolian)'''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.mn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2981%3A2013-12-19-01-32-58&catid=43%3A2009-12-20-21-55-03&Itemid=62&lang=en|title=ГХЯ|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|India }}||1955-12-24<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|India–Mongolia relations}}

India established diplomatic relations in December 1955. India was the first country outside the Soviet bloc to establish diplomatic relations with Mongolia. Since then, there have been treaties of mutual friendship and cooperation between the two countries in 1973, 1994, 2001 and 2004.
|}

==Russia, Central Asia and West Asia==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Armenia }}||1992-02-11<ref name="mfat" />||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 February 1992.<ref name="mfa.am">{{cite web|url=https://www.mfa.am/en/embassies/mn|title=Mongolia - Bilateral Relations - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia|website=mfa.am}}</ref> 
*Armenia is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in [[Beijing]], [[China]].<ref name="mfa.am"/>  
*Mongolia is represented in Armenia through its embassy in [[Moscow]], [[Russia]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kazakhstan }}||1992-01-22<ref name="mfat" />||Mongolia has an embassy in [[Astana]] and a consulate general in [[Almaty]]. Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]].

Ethnic [[Kazakhs]] make up the only significant ethnic minority in Mongolia.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan }}||1992-04-22<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Kyrgyzstan–Mongolia relations}}
Mongolian president [[Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj]] made an official visit to Kyrgyzstan in 2012.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Qatar}}||1998-01-21<ref name="mfat" />||
In 2020, Mongolia signed a memorandum of understanding with [[Qatar]] to establish political consultations between the ministries of foreign affairs of both the countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/03/02/2020/Qatar,-Mongolia-hold-first-round-of-political-consultations-in-Doha|title=Qatar, Mongolia hold first round of political consultations in Doha|date=3 February 2020 |access-date=3 February 2020|publisher=The Peninsula}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Russia }}||1921-11-05<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Mongolia–Russia relations}}

Relations between [[Mongolia]] and the [[Russian Federation]] have been traditionally strong since the [[Communist]] era, when [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] was the closest ally of the [[Mongolian People's Republic]]. Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Ulaanbaatar]] and two consulate generals (in [[Darkhan (city)|Darkhan]] and [[Erdenet]]). Mongolia has an [[Embassy of Mongolia in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]], three consulate generals (in [[Irkutsk]], [[Kyzyl]] and [[Ulan Ude]]), and a branch in [[Yekaterinburg]]. Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (Russia is a participating state, while Mongolia is a partner).

After the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, Mongolia developed relations with the new independent states. Links with [[Russia]] and other republics were essential to contribute to stabilisation of the Mongolian economy. The primary difficulties in developing fruitful coordination occurred because these new states were experiencing the same political and economic restructuring as Mongolia. Despite these difficulties, Mongolia and Russia successfully negotiated both a 1991 Joint Declaration of Cooperation and a bilateral trade agreement. This was followed by a 1993 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation<ref name=msa55>Montsame News Agency.  ''Mongolia''.  2006, Foreign Service Office of [[Montsame News Agency]], {{ISBN|99929-0-627-8}}, p. 55</ref> establishing a new basis of equality in the relationship. Mongolian President Bagabandi visited [[Moscow]] in 1999, and Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] visited Mongolia in 2000<ref name=msa55/> in order to sign the 25-point Ulaanbaatar Declaration, reaffirming Mongol-Russian friendship and cooperation on numerous economic and political issues. Putin visited Mongolia in September 2024, his first trip to an ICC member country since the court issued an arrest warrant for him over war crimes related to the deportation of Ukrainian children. Despite ICC obligations to detain him, Mongolia did not publicly respond to these calls.<ref>{{cite news|last=Comerford |first=Ruth |title=Putin welcomed in Mongolia despite ICC arrest warrant |date=3 September 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwy527yex0no |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903120422/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwy527yex0no |archive-date=3 September 2024 |access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Syria}}||1967-07-31<ref name="mfat" />||Ties between Mongolia and Syria were established on July 31, 1967, when both countries had socialist governments. Mongolian delegates (from the then-ruling [[Mongolian People's Party|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]]) traveled to Syria in 1978, 1982, and 1985, while Syrian ([[Ba'ath Party (Syrian-led faction)|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party]]) delegates visited Mongolia in 1983 and 1986.

[https://web.archive.org/web/20111028104048/http://mfat.gov.mn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=204%3A-v-&catid=38%3A2009-12-20-21-52-48&Itemid=80&lang=mn Bilateral relations between Mongolia and Syria] {{in lang|mn}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tajikistan }}||1992-04-24<ref name="mfat" />||
* Mongolia is accredited to Tajikistan through its embassy in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
* Tajikistan is accredited to Mongolia through its embassy in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mfa.tj/en/main/view/22/relations-of-tajikistan-with-mongolia |title=Relations of Tajikistan with Mongolia |publisher=MFA Tajikistan |accessdate=2013-03-01}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkey}}||1969-06-24<ref name="mfat" />||See [[Mongolia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Mongolia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. 
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]].
*Both countries are members of [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]] and [[WTO]]. 
*Trade volume between the two countries was 39.7 million US$ in 2019 (Mongolian exports/imports: 0.5/39.2 million USD.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-relations-between-turkey-and-mongolia.en.mfa| title=Economic Relations between Turkey and Mongolia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* There are around 134 Turks who live in Mongolia.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uzbekistan }}||1992-01-25<ref name="mfat" />||
* Uzbekistan is accredited to Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing, China.
* Mongolia is accredited to Uzbekistan through its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.<ref>{{cite web |author=B.khuder |url=https://montsame.mn/en/read/125726 |title=Ambassador discusses Mongolia-Uzbekistan relations |publisher=Montsame.mn |date=2016-06-23 |accessdate=2022-05-01}}</ref>
|}

==Europe==
Mongolia seeks closer relations with countries in [[Europe]] and hopes to receive most-favoured-nation status from the [[European Union]] (EU). During 1991, Mongolia signed investment promotion and protection agreements with [[Germany]] and [[France]] and an economic cooperation agreement with the [[United Kingdom]]. Germany continued former East German cooperative programs and also provided loans and aid.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|European Union }}||1989-08-01<ref name="mfat" />|| 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Austria}}||1963-07-01<ref name="mfat" />||

* Austria is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
* Mongolia has an embassy in [[Vienna]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belgium }}||1971-07-08<ref name="mfat" />||The Benelux ([[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], and the [[Netherlands]]) is represented in Mongolia through embassies in [[Beijing]] ([[China]]). Mongolia has an embassy in [[Brussels]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bulgaria }}||1950-04-22<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Bulgaria–Mongolia relations}}

Bulgaria has an embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]]. Mongolia has an embassy in [[Sofia]]. Diplomatic relations between the two counties were first initiated on 22 April 1950. Due to the similar ideological situation in both countries, their relations witnessed a steady development up until the 1990s. Bilateral relations somewhat deteriorated for the next ten years. Since 2001, they have been on a more positive track, with Bulgarian president [[Georgi Parvanov]] making an official visit to Ulaanbaatar in the summer of 2007. Until the beginning of the 1990s Bulgaria was Mongolia's 3rd biggest trading partner. Agricultural products and light industry goods were the main exports. Due to the subsequent economical and political changes in both countries the volume of trade shrank considerably. The volume of trade between Bulgaria and Mongolia totaled $2 million for 2008, with the main exporter being Bulgaria.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15549&Itemid=393
|title=Bulgarian MFA - Economic relations with Mongolia
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|access-date=2009-03-21
}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Croatia}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Croatia is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
* Mongolia is accredited to Croatia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cyprus }}||1973-12-19<ref name="mfat" />||

* Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 19, 1973.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.mn/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70&Itemid=170&lang=enMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016204615/http://www.mfa.gov.mn/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70&Itemid=170&lang=enMinistry |date=2015-10-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olc.gov.cy/olc/olc.nsf/all/E57B6B88D913B166C22575D70029D371/$file/MONGOLIA.pdf?openelement|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus|website=olc.gov.cy|access-date=16 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016204615/http://www.olc.gov.cy/olc/olc.nsf/all/E57B6B88D913B166C22575D70029D371/$file/MONGOLIA.pdf?openelement|archive-date=16 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Cyprus is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in [[Beijing]], [[China]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/policy02_en/policy02_en?OpenDocument|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus|website=mfa.gov.cy|access-date=16 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192705/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/policy02_en/policy02_en?OpenDocument|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*Mongolia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/All/A4EAEA978D5527CEC225791A003FBFD2?OpenDocument |title=MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Foreign Diplomatic Missions in Cyprus - MONGOLIA |access-date=2015-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016204616/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/All/A4EAEA978D5527CEC225791A003FBFD2?OpenDocument |archive-date=2015-10-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Czech Republic }}||1993-01-01<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Czech Republic – Mongolia relations}}

Diplomatic relations between Mongolia and [[Czechoslovakia]] commenced on 25 April 1950. In the 1980s, Czechoslovakia was Mongolia's second-largest trading partner, behind the [[Soviet Union]]. After the 1992 [[dissolution of Czechoslovakia]], Mongolia reaffirmed its relations with the newly formed [[Czech Republic]] in 1993.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mongolmessenger.mn/issue/050417.php |title=Mongolian - Czech friendship grows with EU |publisher=The Mongol Messenger |date=2005-04-17 |access-date=2007-10-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620164914/http://www.mongolmessenger.mn/issue/050417.php |archive-date=2009-06-20 }}</ref> However, in the 1990s, trade volumes declined sharply, though the Czech Republic still accounts for about 1% of Mongolia's imports. The Embassy of the Czech Republic in Ulaanbaatar was formally reopened in 1999.<ref name="MOF">{{Cite report|title=Report on the Foreign Policy of the Czech Republic, 1998-1999|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Czech Republic|year=1999|access-date=2007-10-24|url=http://pdc.ceu.hu/archive/00002565/01/Report_on_the_Foreign_Policy_of_the_Czech_Republic_1998.pdf|pages=187–188}}</ref> As of 2005, annual bilateral trade between the two countries was valued at [[United States dollar|US$]]5 million.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bilateral trade turnover to be increased|publisher=Montsame|date=2005-11-10|access-date=2007-10-24|url=http://www.mongolembassy.com/newEmbassy/uzuuleh.asp?tb=eng_news&torol=&num=1793&page=51&colname=&text=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201556/http://www.mongolembassy.com/newEmbassy/uzuuleh.asp?tb=eng_news&torol=&num=1793&page=51&colname=&text=|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-03-03}}</ref> The Czech government has also been involved in various water supply development programs in Mongolia.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Denmark }}||1968-08-05<ref name="mfat" />||
* [[Mongolia]] has a general consulate in [[Copenhagen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mongolietskonsulat.dk/|title=Mongoliets Konsulat |access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref>
* [[Denmark]] has one general consulate in [[Ulaanbaatar]].<ref>[http://www.um.dk/da/menu/OmOs/Organisation/AmbassaderMv/Asien/Mongoliet.htm/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark: Mongolia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226115109/http://www.um.dk/da/menu/OmOs/Organisation/AmbassaderMv/Asien/Mongoliet.htm |date=2010-12-26 }}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||<!--Date started-->||{{further information|France–Mongolia relations}}

* France has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar.
* Mongolia has an embassy in [[Paris]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Germany }}||1974-01-31<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Germany – Mongolia relations}}

Mongolia established ties with the Federal Republic of Germany in 1974, with embassies in [[Ulaanbaatar]] and [[Berlin]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Greece }}||1967-03-03<ref name="mfat" />||Greece is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in [[Beijing]] ([[China]]). Mongolia is represented in Greece through its embassy in [[Sofia]] ([[Bulgaria]]) and an honorary consulate in [[Athens]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Hungary }}||1950-04-28<ref name="mfat" />||Hungary has an embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]]. Mongolia has an embassy in [[Budapest]].<ref>{{cite web|title=МОНГОЛ УЛСААС УНГАР УЛСАД СУУГАА ЭЛЧИН САЙДЫН ЯАМ, EMBASSY OF MONGOLIA IN HUNGARY|url=http://www.budapest.embassy.mn/index.php?moduls=12|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.budapest.embassy.mn}}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Italy has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar.
* Mongolia has an embassy in [[Rome]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kosovo }}|| style="background:gray;"|none
|Mongolia does not recognize Kosovo as a country.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Netherlands }}||1972-03-06<ref name="mfat" />||The Benelux ([[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], and the [[Netherlands]]) is represented in Mongolia through embassies in [[Beijing]] ([[China]]). Mongolia has an honorary consulate in [[Breda]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland}}||1950-04-14<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Mongolia–Poland relations}}

Mongolia has an embassy in [[Warsaw]] and an honorary consulate in [[Kraków]]. Poland has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar and an honorary consulate in [[Erdenet]]. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal}}||<!--Date started-->|| 

* Mongolia is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.
* Portugal is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Romania}}||1950-04-29<ref name="mfat" />||
* The Romanian embassy in Mongolia was closed in 1995, and the Mongolian one in Bucharest in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dce.gov.ro/Indrumar_afaceri/Indrumar_afaceri_Mongolia.pdf|title=Îndrumar de afaceri pentru Mongolia|date=2016}}</ref>
* Romania has an honorary consulate in [[Ulaanbaatar]], with diplomatic representation being handled by the Romanian embassy in [[Beijing]], [[People's Republic of China|China]].
* Mongolia has an honorary consulate in [[Bucharest]], with diplomatic representation being handled by the Mongolian embassy in [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]].
* Chairman [[Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal]] visited Bucharest on 9 September 1957<ref>{{cite web|title=Wilson Center Digital Archive|url=https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112159|access-date=2021-06-29|website=digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org}}</ref> and President [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] visited Ulaanbaatar on 21–24 June 1971.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta }}|| style="background:gray;"|none<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orderofmalta.int/diplomatic-relations/862/sovereign-order-of-malta-bilateral-relations/?lang=en |title=Bilateral relations |author=Ordine di Malta |access-date=21 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203180316/http://www.orderofmalta.int/diplomatic-relations/862/sovereign-order-of-malta-bilateral-relations/?lang=en |archive-date=3 December 2015 }}</ref>|| 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||<!--Date started-->||
* Mongolia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
* Spain is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sweden}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Mongolia has an embassy in [[Stockholm]].
* Sweden is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ukraine }}||1992-01-21<ref name="mfat" />||
* Mongolia is represented in Ukraine through its embassy in Poland. An embassy previously existed in Kyiv but was closed and replaced with a consular department.
* Ukraine is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in China.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom }}||1963-01-23<ref name="mfat" />|| {{further information|Mongolia–United Kingdom relations}}
Mongolia established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 23 January 1963.<ref>{{cite web|author=British Embassy Ulaanbaatar|title=UK-Mongolia celebrating fifty years of diplomatic relations|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-mongolia-celebrating-fifty-years-of-diplomatic-relations|date=25 January 2019|access-date=5 April 2024|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|archive-date=31 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731123051/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-mongolia-celebrating-fifty-years-of-diplomatic-relations|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Mongolia maintains an [[Embassy of Mongolia, London|embassy]] in London.
*The United Kingdom is accredited to Monglia through its embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=British Embassy Ulaanbaatar|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-ulaanbaatar|access-date=6 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913225155/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-ulaanbaatar|archive-date=13 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the [[International Criminal Court]], and the [[World Trade Organization]]. Bilaterally the two countries have an Air Services Agreement,<ref>{{cite web|author=British Embassy Ulaanbaatar|title=Air Services Agreement signed between UK and Mongolia|date=7 February 2024|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/air-services-agreement-signed-between-uk-and-mongolia|access-date=6 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207085739/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/air-services-agreement-signed-between-uk-and-mongolia|archive-date=7 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Development Partnership,<ref>{{cite web|author-link=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office |author=((Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office)) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|title=Country and regional development partnership summaries|website=GOV.UK|date=17 July 2023 |access-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526234739/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|archive-date=26 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{cite web|title=United Kingdom - Mongolia Tax Treaty (1996)|website=Orbitax|url=https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/GB/United%20Kingdom/MN/Mongolia/4ce05838dbd536ec2954f40f8367a01a/-Royalties_ARTICLE-12|access-date=6 February 2025}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mongolia - United Kingdom BIT (1991)|website=[[UN Trade and Development]]|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2576/mongolia---united-kingdom-bit-1991-|access-date=6 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194340/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2576/mongolia---united-kingdom-bit-1991-|archive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Oceania==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Australia }}||1972-09-15<ref name="mfat" />||{{Main article|Australia–Mongolia relations}}<br />The Mongolian Consulate was established in [[Canberra]] in March 1997. An embassy was established in October 2008.<ref>[http://www.canberra.mfat.gov.mn/ Embassy of Mongolia in Australia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213165540/http://www.canberra.mfat.gov.mn/ |date=2012-02-13 }}</ref> [[Sükhbaataryn Batbold]] became the first head of government to visit Australia in 2011.

Australia opened its embassy in Ulaanbaatar in December 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mongolia.embassy.gov.au/ulnb/factsheet.html|title=Australian Consulate-General in|first=corporateName= Department of Foreign Affairs and|last=Trade|website=mongolia.embassy.gov.au|access-date=16 April 2018}}</ref>
|}

==International organisation participation==
[[Asian Development Bank|AsDB]], [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]] (observer), [[Asia–Europe Meeting|ASEM]], [[Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia|CICA]], [[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific|ESCAP]], [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]], [[Group of 77|G-77]], [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]], [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development|IBRD]], [[International Civil Aviation Organization|ICAO]], [[International Criminal Court|ICCt]], [[International Confederation of Free Trade Unions|ICFTU]], [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|ICRM]], [[International Development Association|IDA]], [[International Fund for Agricultural Development|IFAD]], [[International Finance Corporation|IFC]], [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|IFRCS]], [[International Labour Organization|ILO]], [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]], [[International Maritime Organization|IMO]], [[Intelsat]], [[Interpol (organization)|Interpol]], [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]], [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]], [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]], [[Non-Aligned Movement|NAM]], [[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons|OPCW]], [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]], [[United Nations|UN]], [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development|UNCTAD]], [[UNESCO]], [[United Nations Industrial Development Organization|UNIDO]], [[Universal Postal Union|UPU]], [[World Customs Organization|WCO]], [[World Health Organization|WHO]], [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]], [[World Meteorological Organization|WMO]], [[World Tourism Organization|WToO]], [[World Trade Organization|WTrO]], [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|SCO]] (observer)

Mongolia did not join the UN until 1961 because of repeated threats to veto by the [[Republic of China]], which considered Mongolia to be part of its territory (see [[China and the United Nations]]).

Mongolia has been a member of [[The Forum of Small States (FOSS)]] since the group's founding in 1992.<ref name="singaporebook">{{Cite book|title=50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-4713-03-0 |year=2015}}.</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Mongolia]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of Mongolia]]
* [[Visa requirements for Mongolian citizens]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{cite book|author1=Franck Billé|author2=Grégory Delaplace|author3=Caroline Humphrey|title=Frontier Encounters: Knowledge and Practice at the Russian, Chinese and Mongolian Border|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fA7ADxUa6vUC&q=stalin+anger+buryat+ungern|date=1 August 2012|publisher=Open Book Publishers|isbn=978-1-906924-87-4}}

==External links==
*{{in lang|en}} [http://www.mfa.gov.mn/?lang=en Ministry of Foreign Affairs]
*[http://www.un.int/mongolia Permanent Mission of Mongolia to the United Nations]
*[http://www.mfa.gov.mn/?page_id=16982&lang=en List of countries with established diplomatic relations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128192727/http://www.mfa.gov.mn/?page_id=16982&lang=en |date=2018-01-28 }}

{{Foreign relations of Mongolia}}
{{Asia in topic|Foreign relations of}}

[[Category:Foreign relations of Mongolia| ]]
[[Category:Politics of Mongolia]]