Editing Foreign relations of Afghanistan

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Politics of Afghanistan|expanded=Foreign}}

The '''foreign relations of Afghanistan''' are in a transitional phase since the [[2021 fall of Kabul]] to the [[Taliban]] and the collapse of the internationally recognized [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]]. [[Recognition of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|No country has recognised]] the new Taliban-run government, the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]]. Although some countries have engaged in informal diplomatic contact with the Islamic Emirate, formal relations remain limited to representatives of the Islamic Republic.

== History ==
{{See also|History of Afghanistan}}
[[File:Great_Game_cartoon_from_1878.jpg|thumb|210x210px|A depiction of Britain (the lion) and Russia (the bear) contesting Afghanistan ([[Sher Ali Khan]]).]]
In the 19th century, Afghanistan had to contend with aggression on multiple sides, as it became part of the [[Great Game]] confrontation between Britain and Russia.<ref>{{Citation |last=Hyman |first=Anthony |title=Afghan Foreign Relations |date=1984 |work=Afghanistan Under Soviet Domination, 1964–83 |pages=38–50 |editor-last=Hyman |editor-first=Anthony |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-17443-0_3 |access-date=2025-01-09 |place=London |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-17443-0_3 |isbn=978-1-349-17443-0}}</ref>

=== Contemporary era ===
Before the [[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet invasion]], Afghanistan pursued a policy of [[neutral country|neutrality]] and [[Non-Aligned Movement|non-alignment]] in its [[Foreign policy|foreign relations]], being one of the few independent nations to stay neutral in both [[World War I]] and [[Neutral powers during World War II|World War II]]. In international forums, Afghanistan generally followed the voting patterns of Asian and African non-aligned countries. During the 1950s and 1960s, Afghanistan was able to use the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] and American need for allies during the [[Cold War]] as a way to receive economic assistance from both countries. However, given that unlike the Soviet Union, the United States refused to give extensive military aid to the country, the government of [[Mohammed Daoud Khan|Daoud Khan]] developed warmer ties with the [[USSR]] while officially remaining non-aligned. Following the [[Saur Revolution|coup of April 1978]], the government under [[Nur Muhammad Taraki]] developed significantly closer ties with the [[Soviet Union]] and its communist [[satellite state|satellite]]s.

After the December 1979 Soviet invasion, Afghanistan's foreign policy mirrored that of the [[Soviet Union]]. Afghan foreign policymakers attempted, with little success, to increase their regime's low standing in the non-communist world. With the signing of the [[Geneva Accords (1988)|Geneva Accords]], President [[Mohammad Najibullah|Najibullah]] unsuccessfully sought to end the [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]]'s isolation within the Islamic world and in the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].

Most [[Western countries]], including the [[United States]], maintained small [[embassy|diplomatic missions]] in the Afghan capital [[Kabul]] during the [[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet occupation]]. Many countries subsequently closed their missions due to [[Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)|instability and heavy fighting in Kabul]] after the Soviet withdrawal in 1989.

Many countries initially welcomed the introduction of the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|Taliban regime]], who they saw as a stabilising, law-enforcing alternative to the [[warlord]]s who had ruled the country since the fall of Najibullah's government in 1992. The [[Taliban]] soon alienated itself as knowledge of the harsh [[Sharia]] law being enforced in Taliban-controlled territories spread around the world. The brutality towards women who attempted to work, learn, or leave the house without a male escort caused outside aid to the war-torn country to be limited.

=== Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ===
Following the [[Operation Enduring Freedom|October 2001 American invasion]] and the [[Bonn Agreement (Afghanistan)|Bonn Agreement]] the [[Presidency of Hamid Karzai|new government]] under the leadership of [[Hamid Karzai]] started to re-establish diplomatic relationships with many countries who had held close diplomatic relations before the communist coup d'état and the subsequent civil war.

The [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghan government]] was focused on securing continued assistance for rebuilding the economy, infrastructure, and [[military of Afghanistan|military]] of the country. It continued to maintain close ties with [[North America]], the [[European Union]], [[South Korea]], [[Japan]], [[Australia]], [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[China]], [[Russia]] and the [[Greater Middle East]] (most specifically [[Turkey]]), as well as African nations. It also sought to establish relations with more [[South American]] or Latin American nations.

Before the [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|fall of Kabul]] in 2021, the foreign relations of [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] were handled by the nation's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Afghanistan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], which was headed by [[Mohammad Hanif Atmar]]. He answered to, and received guidance from, the [[President of Afghanistan]].

=== Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan ===
{{Main|International relations with the Taliban}}
{{Further|Recognition of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|List of international trips made by Amir Khan Muttaqi as Acting Foreign Minister of Afghanistan}}
[[File:Amir Khan Muttaqi in November 2021.png|thumb|upright=0.75|Acting [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Afghanistan)|Foreign Minister]] [[Amir Khan Muttaqi]]|left]]
The Taliban gradually gained control of the country in the summer of 2021 and proclaimed the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] on August 15, 2021. The takeover culminated with the fall of Kabul. The Taliban has had some limited contact with foreign governments and will need to develop further relations with the international community as its new [[De facto#Politics|de facto]] government goes forward.

On 20 September 2021, the new government designated [[Suhail Shaheen|Mohammad Suhail Shaheen]] as a replacement for Ghulam M Isaczai, [[Permanent Representative of Afghanistan to the United Nations]] who continues to represent the country at the UN. The UNGA's nine-member credentials committee will decide on this but no date has been set.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/22/taliban-asks-to-address-un-after-afghanistan-takeover|title=Taliban asks to address UNGA after Afghanistan takeover|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref>

Since the Taliban took over the Afghan government, countries including China, Russia, and the United States have contacted Taliban representatives, but have expressed doubts about its commitment to [[counterterrorism]].<ref>{{cite web |title=China Takes Full Advantage of Taliban's Isolation |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/07/china-takes-full-advantage-of-talibans-isolation/ |website=The DIPLOMAT |access-date=6 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=US to 'take action' if terrorists regroup in Afghanistan |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2390082/us-to-take-action-if-terrorists-regroup-in-afghanistan |website=The Express Tribune|date=8 December 2022 }}</ref> Border clashes between the Taliban forces with Pakistan, Iran and Turkmenistan, and border closure and hostilities towards Tajikistan, have also caused friction with Afghanistan's neighbours.<ref>{{cite web |last1=CAFIERO |first1=GIORGIO |title=What to expect for Taliban-Iran relations |url=https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/what-to-expect-for-taliban-iran-relations-53928 |website=TRT world}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan-Afghan Taliban relations face mounting challenges |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/pakistan-afghan-taliban-relations-face-mounting-challenges |publisher=Middle East Institute |access-date=2 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=First Firefight: Turkmen, Taliban Engage In Border Shoot-Out |url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/turkmen-taliban-border-shoot-out/31640965.html |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |access-date=5 January 2022 |last1=Pannier |first1=Bruce }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Siddique |first=Abubakar |title=Hostilities Grow Between Taliban And Tajikistan Amid Border Closure, Truck Seizures |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/afghanistan-taliban-tajikistan-border-truck-seizures/31858508.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |work=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2023, China became the first country to formally name a new ambassador to the country since the takeover, even though China still doesn't formally recognize the Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Standish |first=Reid |title=Explainer: Why Is China Talking To The Taliban? |language=en |work=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/explainer-china-taliban-afghanistan/31368531.html |access-date=2023-09-14}}</ref>

{{clear}}

== Diplomatic relations ==
List of countries which Afghanistan maintains diplomatic relations with:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |[[File:Diplomatic relations of Afghanistan.svg|frameless|425x425px]]
|-
!#
!Country
!Date<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Afghanistan and ... |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic+relations+between+Afghanistan+and+...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&action_search=Search&sf=title&so=a&rg=100&c=United+Nations+Digital+Library+System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 |website=United Nations Digital Library |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|1
|{{flag|Russia}}
|{{dts|27 May 1919}}<ref name="x.com">{{Cite web |title=May 27 marks the 100th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between Russia and Afghanistan. |url=https://x.com/RusCG_MZS/status/1132904792404180992?s=20 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Russia in Mazari-Sharif (IRA)}}</ref>
|-
|2
|{{flag|Iran}}
|{{dts|2 May 1920}}<ref name="Almanach de Gotha">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/almanachdegotha00unse_94/page/n1292/mode/1up |title=Almanach de Gotha |publisher=Gotha, Germany : Justus Perthes |year=1923 |pages=1237 |language=fr |access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|3
|{{flag|Italy}}
|{{dts|3 June 1921}}<ref name="esteri.it">{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2021 |title=Centenario relazioni diplomatiche Italia – Afghanistan |url=https://www.esteri.it/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/retediplomatica/2021/06/centenario-relazioni-diplomatiche-italia-afghanistan/ |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale Italia |language=it}}</ref>
|-
|4
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{dts|22 November 1921}}<ref name="britain">{{Cite x|author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Afghanistan|user=mfa_afghanistan|number=933277924706406400|date=22 November 2017|title=Today marks 96th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Afghanistan and United Kingdom|url=https://twitter.com/mfa_afghanistan/status/933277924706406400?s=20|access-date=30 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
|5
|{{flag|France}}
|{{dts|28 April 1922}}<ref name="auto2">{{Cite book |last=Adamec |first=Ludwig W. |title=Afghanistan, 1900-1923: A Diplomatic History |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=1967 |pages=193}}</ref>
|-
|6
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|{{dts|26 February 1923}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=British and Foreign State Papers |publisher=Great Britain. Foreign Office, Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office |year=1927 |page=1 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|7
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|{{dts|24 February 1926}}<ref name=":15">{{Cite book |title=British Documents on Atatürk, 1919-1938, Volume 6 |year=1973 |pages=270–273}}</ref>
|-
|8
|{{flag|Poland}}
|{{dts|3 November 1927}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afganistan |url=https://www.gov.pl/web/indie/relacje-dwustronne-afganistan |access-date=23 July 2023 |language=pl}}</ref>
|-
|9
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|{{dts|10 March 1928}}<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite book |title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries Volume 13 |publisher=India. Foreign and Political Department |year=1929 |page=IX}}</ref>
|-
|10
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|{{dts|20 April 1928}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abkommen zwischen der Schweiz und Afghanistan |url=https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/44/232_236_232/de |access-date=8 June 2024 |language=de}}</ref>
|-
|11
|{{flag|Finland}}
|{{dts|15 December 1930}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Countries and regions A–Z |url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17195&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330044440/http://formin.finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?nodeid=17195&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |archive-date=March 30, 2018 |access-date=April 1, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|12
|{{flag|Japan}}
|{{dts|26 July 1931}}<ref name="mofa.go.jp">{{Cite web |title=アフガニスタン・イスラム共和国（Islamic Republic of Afghanistan） |url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/afghanistan/data.html#section5 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan |language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|13
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|{{dts|5 May 1932}}<ref name="auto4">{{Cite book |title=Records of Saudi Arabia: 1932-1934 |publisher=Archive Editions |year=1992 |pages=47}}</ref>
|-
|14
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|{{dts|20 December 1932}}<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web |title=Sub-sub-series R3844/3D/15912 - Treaty of Friendship between Iraq and Afghanistan signed at Teheran on 20 December 1932 |url=https://archives.ungeneva.org/treaty-of-friendship-between-iraq-and-afghanistan-signed-at-teheran-on-20-december-1932 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations library & archives Geneva}}</ref>
|-
|15
|{{flag|United States}}
|{{dts|4 May 1935}}<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Afghanistan |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/afghanistan |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Office of the Historian}}</ref>
|-
|16
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|{{dts|22 November 1940}}<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web |date=November 22, 2017 |title=Today marks 77th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Afghanistan and Sweden |url=https://x.com/mfa_afghanistan/status/933214026439495680?s=20 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Afghanistan}}</ref>
|-
|17
|{{flag|India}}
|{{dts|10 December 1947}}<ref name="auto6">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmM7AQAAIAAJ&dq=Indian+Information+Series+...+India++Afghanistan+...+Dec,+10&pg=PA12 |title=Indian Information Series Volume 22 |publisher=Bureau of the public information of the government of India |year=1948 |pages=12 |access-date=8 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|18
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|{{dts|5 February 1948}}<ref name="books">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eYSQAAAAMAAJ&dq=British_Documents_on_Foreign_Affairs:+reports+and+Papers+from+the+Foreign+Office+Confidential+Print:+Afghanistan,+Persia,+Turkey+and+Iraq,+January+1950-December+1950&pg=PA315 |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Afghanistan, Persia, Turkey and Iraq, January 1950-December 1950 |publisher=University Publications of America |year=1999 |pages=35 |isbn=978-1-55655-765-1 |access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|19
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|{{dts|29 February 1948}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Antony Best, Great Britain. Foreign Office, Michael Partridge, Paul Preston |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aTyk_neEmg0C&dq=Pakistan+and+Afghanistan+exchange+at+ambassadorial+29+february+1948&pg=PA172 |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan, October 1947-December 1948 | date=23 January 2024 |publisher=2000 |pages=112 | isbn=978-1-55655-768-2 |access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|20
|{{flag|Syria}}
|{{dts|2 August 1948}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/syria-from-foreign-office-files/FO%20501_3/page/58/mode/2up |title=Further correspondence respecting Syria part 3: January to December 1949 |pages=58 |access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref>
|-
|21
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|{{dts|August 1948}}<ref name="auto">{{Cite book |last=Great Britain. Foreign Office, Malcolm Yapp, Michael Partridge, Paul Preston, University Publications of America (Firm) |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Israel, Syria, Arabia, The Middle East (General), Jordan and Arab Palestine and the Lebanon, January 1950-December 1950 |publisher=2002 |pages=191}}</ref>
|-
|22
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|{{dts|6 August 1949}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Petruf |first=Pavol |title=Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 |pages=99–119 |language=sk}}</ref>
|-
|23
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|{{dts|20 May 1950}}<ref name="books" />
|-
|24
|{{Flag|Austria}}
|{{dts|30 April 1952}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/afghanistan-from-the-foreign-office-files/FO%20402-31/page/30/mode/1up?q=Austria |title=Foreign Office: Confidential Print Afghanistan 1922-1957 |publisher=The National Archives (Kew, United Kingdom) |year= |pages=30}}</ref>
|-
|25
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|{{dts|1952}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Todos los países |url=https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/assuntos/relacoes-bilaterais/todos-os-paises |access-date=16 September 2023 |language=pt}}</ref>
|-
|26
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|{{dts|23 April 1953}}<ref name="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">{{Cite web |title=Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |url=https://sameaf.mfa.go.th/en/content/92139-islamic-republic-of-afghanistan?cate=5d847df915e39c256c004df4 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Department of South Asia, Middle East and African Affairs Thailand}}</ref>
|-
|27
|{{flag|Germany}}
|{{dts|22 December 1954}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Steckbrief |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/afghanistan-node/afghanistan-204676 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |access-date=6 March 2025 |language=de}}</ref>
|-
|28
|{{flag|Serbia}}
|{{dts|30 December 1954}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Bilateral cooperation|url=https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation|access-date=24 December 2021|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia}}</ref>
|-
|29
|{{flag|China}}
|{{dts|20 January 1955}}<ref name="tolonews.com">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2020 |title=Sino-Afghan Relations' 65th Anniversary Celebrated in Kabul |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/sino-afghan-relations%E2%80%99-65th-anniversary-celebrated-kabul |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Tolo News}}</ref>
|-
|30
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|{{dts|18 May 1956}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Hungary |publisher=Pannonia Press |year=1969 |pages=68}}</ref>
|-
|31
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|{{dts|2 August 1956}}<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite book |title=Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken |publisher=Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken |year=1956 |pages=120 |language=nl}}</ref>
|-
|32
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|{{dts|8 November 1956}}<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Diplomatic relations |url=http://myanmarbsb.org/_site/diplomatic-relations/ |access-date=13 May 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712174127/http://myanmarbsb.org/_site/diplomatic-relations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|33
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|{{dts|18 May 1957}}<ref name="Hsinhua News Agency Release">{{Cite book |title=Hsinhua News Agency Release |publisher=1957 |pages=163}}</ref>
|-
|34
|{{flag|Romania}}
|{{dts|5 June 1958}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lista statelor cu care România întreţine relaţii diplomatice |url=https://www.mae.ro/node/9879 |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|35
|{{flag|Spain}}
|{{dts|28 October 1958}}<ref name=":41">{{Cite web |title=Documentos de Seguridad y Defensa 70 |url=https://www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/cuadernos/DocSeguridadyDefensa_70.pdf |access-date=13 August 2022 |page=22 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|36
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|{{dts|1 November 1958}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations |url=https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |access-date=10 July 2022 |language= |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321072720/https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|37
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|{{dts|24 October 1959}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biblioteca Digital de Tratados |url=https://tratados.cancilleria.gob.ar/busqueda.php |access-date=27 June 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|38
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|{{dts|12 June 1961}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005) |url=http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc |language=bg}}</ref>
|-
|39
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|{{dts|1 July 1961}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/bilateral-relation/ |access-date=25 June 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816132805/https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/bilateral-relation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|40
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|{{dts|27 June 1961}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2021 |title=¿Qué relación económica tiene México con Afganistán? |url=https://www.dineroenimagen.com/economia/que-relacion-economica-tiene-mexico-con-afganistan/136503 |access-date=9 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|41
|{{Flag|Ghana}}
|{{dts|2 August 1961}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-east-journal_autumn-1961_15_4/page/418/mode/1up?q=Ghana |title=The Middle East Journal Autumn 1961: Vol 15 Iss 4 |date=Autumn 1961 |publisher=Middle East Institute |pages=418 |access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|42
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|{{dts|1 February 1962}}<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Countries Maintaining Diplomatic Relations with Mongolia |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf |access-date=21 December 2021 |page=3 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928021439/http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|43
|{{flag|Chile}}
|{{dts|11 September 1962}}<ref name="Afghanistan News Volume 5">{{Cite book |title=Afghanistan News Volume 5 |publisher=Information Bureau, Royal Afghan Embassy |year=1962}}</ref>
|-
|44
|{{flag|Norway}}
|{{dts|3 January 1964}}<ref>{{cite web|date=27 April 1999|title=Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater|url=https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf|access-date=18 October 2021|website=regjeringen.no|language=no}}</ref>
|-
|45
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|{{dts|4 March 1964}}<ref name="Mideast Mirror">{{Cite book |title=Mideast Mirror |publisher=1964 |pages=21}}</ref>
|-
|46
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|{{dts|26 January 1966}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Udenrigsministeriets Tidsskrift |year=1966 |page=269 |language=da}}</ref>
|-
|47
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|{{dts|17 September 1968}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2020 |title=The Republic of the Philippines and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan celebrate 52 years of formal diplomatic relations today, September 17! |url=https://twitter.com/DFAPHL/status/1306382357973229568 |access-date=31 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|48
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|{{dts|5 March 1969}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Etablissement des relations diplomatiques entre le Maroc et l'Afghanistan |url=https://maparchives.ma/fr/news/etablissement-des-relations-diplomatiques-entre-le-maroc-et-lafghanistan-1 |access-date=21 November 2023 |website=Map Archives Agence Marocaine de Presse |language=fr |archive-date=21 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121195035/https://maparchives.ma/fr/news/etablissement-des-relations-diplomatiques-entre-le-maroc-et-lafghanistan-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|49
|{{flag|Australia}}
|{{dts|30 March 1969}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2019 |title=Australia and Afghanistan mark 50 years of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.foreignminister.gov.au/minister/marise-payne/media-release/australia-and-afghanistan-mark-50-years-diplomatic-relations |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027153613/https://www.foreignminister.gov.au/minister/marise-payne/media-release/australia-and-afghanistan-mark-50-years-diplomatic-relations |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|50
|{{flag|Canada}}
|{{dts|17 July 1969}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linwood |first=DeLong |date=January 2020 |title=A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019 |url=https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019 |access-date=26 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|51
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|{{Date table sorting|December 1969}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://istmat.org/files/uploads/25956/7_zarubezhnye_gosudarstva_str_197-425.pdf |title=Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии 1970 |year=1970 |pages=204 |language=ru |issue=14}}</ref>
|-
|52
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|{{dts|24 January 1970}}<ref name="Asian Recorder - Volume 16">{{Cite book |title=Asian Recorder - Volume 16 |publisher=K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press |year=1970 |pages=9417}}</ref>
|-
|53
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|{{dts|11 March 1971}}<ref name="ReferenceE">{{Cite book |title=Summary of World Broadcasts Far East · Part 3 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service |year=1971 |page=A-39}}</ref>
|-
|54
|{{flag|Libya}}
|{{dts|1 August 1971}}<ref name="ReferenceF">{{Cite book |title=Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 3724-3802 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service |year=1971}}</ref>
|-
|55
|{{flag|Bahrain}}
|{{dts|1 June 1972}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505195337/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |archive-date=5 May 2012 |access-date=15 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|56
|{{flag|Qatar}}
|{{dts|16 January 1973}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=News Review on West Asia |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=1972 |pages=9}}</ref>
|-
|57
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|{{dts|18 February 1973}}<ref name=":43">{{Cite book |title=Current World Leaders biography and news · Volumes 16-17 |publisher=Almanac of Current World Leaders |year=1973 |pages=53}}</ref><ref name=":44">{{Cite book |title=News Review on South Asia |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=1972 |pages=85}}</ref>
|-
|58
|{{Flag|Senegal}}
|{{dts|20 February 1973}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=D.G. Lavroff |title=L'Afrique dans le monde |publisher=Editions A. Pedone |year=1973 |pages=628 |language=fr |quote=Senegal ... 20 février. — Annonce de I'établissement de relations diplomatiques avec l’Afghanistan.}}</ref>
|-
|59
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|{{dts|6 April 1973}}<ref name="ARR, Arab Report and Record">{{Cite book |title=ARR, Arab Report and Record |year=1973 |volume=1–18; 21–24 |pages=29}}</ref>
|-
|60
|{{flag|North Korea}}
|{{dts|26 December 1973}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |access-date=14 July 2022 |publisher=NCNK |pages=8–9 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|61
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|{{dts|31 December 1973}}<ref name="Korea & World Affairs Volume 6">{{Cite book |title=Korea & World Affairs Volume 6 |publisher=Research Center for Peace and Unification. |year=1982 |pages=417}}</ref>
|-
|62
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|{{dts|16 September 1974}}<ref name="Colombo">{{Cite web|url=https://www.colombo.mfa.af/news/vietnam-afghanistan-relations-ambassador-pham-calls-on-ambassador-haidari.html|title=Vietnam-Afghanistan Relations: Ambassador Pham Calls on Ambassador Haidari – EMBASSY OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN &#124; COLOMBO – SRI LANKA|first=Afghanistan Embassy-|last=Colombo|website=www.colombo.mfa.af|access-date=8 September 2021|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908203831/https://www.colombo.mfa.af/news/vietnam-afghanistan-relations-ambassador-pham-calls-on-ambassador-haidari.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|63
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|{{dts|23 September 1975}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Memoria anual 2015 |url=https://archivo.cubaminrex.cu/sites/default/files/memoria_anual_2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507190813/https://archivo.cubaminrex.cu/sites/default/files/memoria_anual_2015.pdf |archive-date=7 May 2019 |pages=19–25 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|64
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|{{dts|14 April 1976}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Países |url=https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/relacoesbilaterais/paises |access-date=2 July 2022 |language=pt}}</ref>
|-
|65
|{{Flag|Mauritania}}
|{{dts|July 1976}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1977. Выпуск двадцать первый: Часть II - Зарубежные страны: Австралия-Лихтенштейн |url=https://istmat.org/files/uploads/52693/04_chast_ii_-_avstraliya-lihtenshteyn.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624030309/https://istmat.org/files/uploads/52693/04_chast_ii_-_avstraliya-lihtenshteyn.pdf |archive-date=24 June 2023 |access-date=1 March 2024 |page=209 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|66
|{{Flag|Ethiopia}}
|{{dts|6 September 1981}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Le Mois en Afrique Issues 186-193 |publisher=1981 |pages=159 |language=fr |quote=ADDIS ABEBA, 6 septembre. - L'Afghanistan et l'Ethiopie ont annoncé leur décision de porter leurs relations diplomatiques au niveau des ambassades ...}}</ref>
|-
|67
|{{flag|Grenada}}
|{{dts|11 March 1983}}<ref name="V.T. Sambandan">{{Cite book |title=Asian Almanac: Weekly Abstract of Asian Affairs |publisher=V.T. Sambandan |year=1983 |pages=11845}}</ref>
|-
|68
|{{flag|Laos}}
|{{dts|11 March 1983}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diplomatic Relations|url=http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/lo/2015-04-07-02-45-52/1950|access-date=30 June 2021|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos|archive-date=1 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601144934/http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/lo/2015-04-07-02-45-52/1950|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|69
|{{Flag|Nicaragua}}
|{{dts|12 March 1983}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Central Asia - Issue 13 |publisher=Area Study Centre (Central Asia), University of Peshawar |year=1983 |pages=170 |quote=Agreements on the establishment of diplomatic relations between the DRA and the Government of Laos and Nicaragua were concluded in New Delhi on March 12}}</ref>
|-
|70
|{{flag|Benin}}
|{{dts|5 December 1984}}
|-
|71
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|{{dts|7 January 1985}}
|-
|72
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|{{dts|31 March 1987}}<ref>{{cite web |date=April 1987 |title=Afghanistan, Zimbabwe Establish Full Relations |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-04-01-me-651-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref>
|-
|73
|{{flag|Cyprus}}
|{{dts|1987}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=International Affairs |publisher=Vsesoi͡uznoe obshchestvo po rasprostranenii͡u politicheskikh i nauchnykh znaniĭ, Izdatelʹstvo "Znanie." |year=1988 |volume=1-6 |pages=91}}</ref>
|-
|74
|{{flag|Togo}}
|{{dts|1987}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Valenta |title=Gorbachev's New Thinking and Third World Conflicts |last2=Cibulka |publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]] |pages=133}}</ref>
|-
|75
|{{Flag|Zambia}}
|{{dts|December 1988}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1989. Выпуск тридцать третий. Зарубежные страны: Австралия-Малайзия |url=https://istmat.org/files/uploads/41603/3_avstraliya-malayziya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624015507/https://istmat.org/files/uploads/41603/3_avstraliya-malayziya.pdf |archive-date=24 June 2023 |access-date=2 March 2024 |page=265 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|76
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|{{dts|3 August 1990}}
|-
|77
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|{{dts|23 August 1990}}
|-
|78
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|{{dts|3 October 1990}}
|-
|79
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|{{dts|4 October 1990}}
|-
|80
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|{{dts|10 December 1990}}
|-
|81
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|{{dts|12 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан |url=http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220233503/http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=30 April 2022 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|82
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|{{dts|21 February 1992}}<ref name="mfa.gov.tm">{{Cite web |title=States with which Turkmenistan established diplomatic relations |url=https://mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan}}</ref>
|-
|83
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|{{dts|15 July 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2023/04/11,04,2023,15,37.pdf |access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|84
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|{{dts|13 October 1992}}<ref name="uzbekistan.org.ua">{{Cite web |title=States with which the Republic of Uzbekistan established diplomatic relations |url=https://www.uzbekistan.org.ua/en/foreign-policy/states-with-which-the-republic-of-uzbekistan-established-diplomatic-relations.html |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Ukraine}}</ref>
|-
|85
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|{{dts|12 July 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619062211/https://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx |archive-date=19 June 2022 |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|86
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|{{dts|19 September 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations (country profiles listed alphabetically) |url=https://www.dirco.gov.za/bilateral-relations/ |access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
|87
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|{{dts|16 November 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign policy - bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.az/en/category/bilateral-relations |access-date=3 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
|88
|{{flag|Moldova}}
|{{dts|1 December 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bilateral relations|url=https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan|access-date=31 July 2021|website=MFA Moldova}}</ref>
|-
|89
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|{{dts|17 April 1995}}<ref name="tajikistan.mfa.gov.ua">{{Cite web |title=Political relations between Ukraine and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |url=https://tajikistan.mfa.gov.ua/en/political-relations-between-ukraine-and-islamic-republic-afghanistan |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Embassy of Ukraine in the Republic of Tajikistan}}</ref>
|-
|90
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|{{dts|3 January 1996}}<ref name="mvep.gov.hr">{{Cite web |title=Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Republic of Croatia Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs}}</ref>
|-
|91
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
|{{dts|17 July 1996}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia}}</ref>
|-
|92
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|{{dts|5 September 1996}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afghanistan - Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/af|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia|access-date=30 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|93
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|{{dts|15 June 1999}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political relations|url=https://tajikistan.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/belarus_afghanistan/political/|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|94
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|{{dts|12 November 1999}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения|url=https://mfa.gov.kg/kg/osnovnoe-menyu/vneshnyaya-politika/mezhdunarodnye-dogovory/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-ustanovleny-dipotnosheniya/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-kr-ustanovil-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya|access-date=10 October 2021|language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}}
|{{dts|1999}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=de Béthencourt |first=Marcos Fernández |title=La orden de Malta: Estatuto Jurídico internacional |publisher=Editorial Sanz Y Torres |year=2019 |pages=302–309 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|95
|{{flag|Panama}}
|{{dts|3 May 2002}}
|-
|96
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|{{dts|19 September 2002}}
|-
|97
|{{Flag|New Zealand}}
|{{dts|7 May 2003}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Order of Precedence Among Heads of Diplomatic Missions: as at June 2004 |url=http://www.mfat.govt.nz/about/prd/precedence.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041212223843/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/about/prd/precedence.html |archive-date=12 December 2004 |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade}}</ref>
|-
|98
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|{{dts|17 March 2004}}
|-
|99
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|{{dts|20 September 2004}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Đogić |first=Mojca Pristavec |date=September 2016 |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=sl}}</ref>
|-
|100
|{{flag|Greece}}
|{{dts|2004}}<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mfa.gr/en/blog/greece-bilateral-relations/afghanistan/| title = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece}}</ref>
|-
|101
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
|{{dts|13 January 2005}}
|-
|102
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|{{dts|11 March 2005}}
|-
|103
|{{flag|Oman}}
|{{dts|25 March 2005}}<ref name="ReferenceG">{{Cite book |title=Oman. Ministry of Information and Youth Affairs, Sultanate of Oman |publisher=2005 |pages=96}}</ref>
|-
|104
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|{{dts|1 July 2005}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2018 |title=Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia |url=https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |access-date=26 October 2022 |language=et}}</ref>
|-
|105
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|{{dts|20 September 2005}}
|-
|106
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|{{dts|18 December 2005}}
|-
|107
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|{{dts|17 March 2006}}
|-
|108
|{{flag|Andorra}}
|{{dts|29 March 2006}}<ref name="Diplomatic relations">{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations |url=https://www.exteriors.ad/en/101-continguts-angles/diplomatic-representations/diplomatic-relations |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra}}</ref>
|-
|109
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|{{dts|22 June 2006}}
|-
|110
|{{flag|Albania}}
|{{dts|16 August 2006}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2006 |title=Tirana nadviazala diplomatické vzťahy s Afganistanom |language=sk |url=https://svet.sme.sk/c/2854277/tirana-nadviazala-diplomaticke-vztahy-s-afganistanom.html |access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|111
|{{flag|Brunei}}
|{{dts|14 February 2007}}<ref name="ReferenceH">{{Cite book |title=Brunei Darussalam Newsletter - Page 14 |publisher=Department of Information, Prime Minister's Office |year=2007}}</ref>
|-
|112
|{{flag|Malta}}
|{{dts|18 February 2008}}
|-
|113
|{{flag|Bhutan}}
|{{dts|20 April 2010}}
|-
|114
|{{flag|Fiji}}
|{{dts|4 June 2010}}
|-
|115
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
|{{dts|21 September 2010}}
|-
|116
|{{flag|Monaco}}
|{{dts|13 October 2010}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2010 |title=Remise des lettres de créance de S.E. M. Omar SAMAD |url=https://www.palais.mc/en/news/h-s-h-prince-albert-ii/meeting/2010/october/remise-des-lettres-de-creance-de-s-e-m-omar-samad-1886.html |access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|117
|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
|{{dts|3 December 2011}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 December 2011 |title=Diplomatic ties with Dominican Republic established |url=https://pajhwok.com/2011/12/03/diplomatic-ties-dominican-republic-established/ |access-date=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|118
|{{flag|Slovakia}}
|{{Dts|17 January 2012}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Ročenka zahraničnej politiky SR 2012 |url=https://www.sfpa.sk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Rocenka-zahranicnej-politiky-SR-2012.pdf |access-date=8 June 2024 |page=183 |language=sk}}</ref>
|-
|119
|{{flag|Peru}}
|{{dts|27 September 2012}}<ref name="rpp.pe">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2012 |title=Perú y Afganistán acuerdan establecer relaciones diplomáticas |url=https://rpp.pe/politica/actualidad/peru-y-afganistan-acuerdan-establecer-relaciones-diplomaticas-noticia-525993 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=rpp.pe |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|120
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|{{dts|16 April 2013}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2013 |title=President Karzai Receives Credential Letter of Nigeria's Non-Residence Ambassador |url=http://www.bakhtarnews.com.af/eng/politics/item/7091-president-karzai-receives-credential-letter-of-nigeria%E2%80%99s-non-residence-ambassador.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419071726/http://www.bakhtarnews.com.af/eng/politics/item/7091-president-karzai-receives-credential-letter-of-nigeria’s-non-residence-ambassador.html |archive-date=19 April 2013}}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{flag|Kosovo}}
|{{dts|17 June 2013}}<ref>{{cite book |author1=Gëzim Visoka |title=Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781138285330 |location=Abingdon |pages=219–221}}</ref>
|-
|121
|{{flag|Seychelles}}
|{{dts|24 February 2017}}
|-
|122
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}
|{{dts|26 October 2018}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 October 2018 |title=H.E. Ambassador Khojesta Fana Ebrahimkhel Presents Credentials to H.S.H. Hereditary Prince Alois of Liechtenstein |url=http://www.afghanistan-vienna.org/2018/10/h-e-ambassador-khojesta-fana-ebrahimkhel-presents-credentials-to-h-s-h-hereditary-prince-alois-of-liechtenstein/ |url-status=dead |access-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205204338/http://www.afghanistan-vienna.org/2018/10/h-e-ambassador-khojesta-fana-ebrahimkhel-presents-credentials-to-h-s-h-hereditary-prince-alois-of-liechtenstein/ |archive-date=5 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
|123
|{{flag|Dominica}}
|{{dts|27 April 2021}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2021 |title=Dominica, Afghanistan signs Communiqué to boost bilateral ties |url=https://wicnews.com/caribbean/dominica-afghanistan-signs-communique-boost-bilateral-ties-543934269/ |access-date=21 April 2021 |archive-date=20 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820224015/https://wicnews.com/caribbean/dominica-afghanistan-signs-communique-boost-bilateral-ties-543934269/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|124
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|Unknown
|-
|—
|{{flag|State of Palestine}}
|Unknown
|-
|125
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|Unknown
|}

== Bilateral relations prior to 2021 ==
{{Update section|date=August 2021}}

=== Afro-Asia ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began
!Notes
|-
|{{Flag|Armenia}}
|5 September 1996
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/af |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia}}</ref>

* Afghanistan is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
* Armenia is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
|16 November 1994
|The two countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |url=https://www.mfa.gov.az/en/category/asia-and-oceania/afghanistan |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Baku]].
* Azerbaijan to build its embassy in Kabul in the near future.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 January 2021|title=Azerbaijan opening embassy in Afghanistan|url=https://www.azernews.az/nation/174982.html|access-date=20 January 2021|website=AzerNews.az|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Bahrain}}
|1 June 1972
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 June 1972.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US&Country=Islamic%20Republic%20of%20Afghanistan |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bahrain}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
|
|See [[Afghanistan–Bangladesh relations]]

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Dhaka]].
|-
|{{Flag|Benin}}
|5 December 1984
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 December 1984.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Benin and Afghanistan as of 5 Dec. 1984 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1641848?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=5 December 1984 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Bhutan}}
|20 April 2010
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://afghanistan-un.org/2010/04/afghanistan-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-bhutan/|title=Afghanistan Establishes Diplomatic Relations with Bhutan &#124; Afghanistan Mission to the UN in New York|date=21 April 2010|access-date=10 September 2021|archive-date=10 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910174922/https://afghanistan-un.org/2010/04/afghanistan-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-bhutan/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Brunei Darussalam}}
|14 February 2007
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 February 2007.<ref name="ReferenceH"/>
|-
|{{Flag|China}}
|20 January 1955
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1955.<ref name="tolonews.com"/>
See [[Afghanistan–China relations]]
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Beijing]].
* China has an embassy in Kabul.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Egypt}}||10 May 1928||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1928.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Cairo]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Kabul]].
|-
|{{Flag|Georgia}}
|12 July 1994
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan, Republic of |url=https://mfa.gov.ge/en/bilateral-relations/af |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign affairs of Georgia}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|India}}|| 10 December 1947||See [[Afghanistan–India relations]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/1/afghanistan-embassy-closes-in-india-citing-lack-of-diplomatic-support|title=Afghanistan closes embassy in India citing lack of diplomatic support|website=Al Jazeera|accessdate=25 February 2024}}</ref>
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1947.<ref name="auto6"/>

India had traditionally enjoyed friendly relations with Afghanistan. Despite that, India supported the Soviet invasion and occupation of Afghanistan. Relations deteriorated after the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Taliban]] took power in 1996. India unofficially supported the [[Northern Alliance]] minority groups against the Pakistani-backed Taliban. During the course of the hijack of [[Indian Airlines Flight 814]] in 1999, the Taliban requested recognition by India in exchange for help in negotiations. The request was not acted upon by the [[Government of India|Indian government]]. After the fall of the Taliban in late 2001, India strengthened ties with the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by establishing consulates in most major Afghan cities.

India had participated in multiple socio-economic reconstruction efforts, including power, roads, agricultural and educational projects. Some of these include building dozens of [[list of dams and reservoirs in Afghanistan|dams and reservoirs]], a number of hospitals or clinics, schools and government institutions. The long road from [[Bandar-Abbas]] in southern Iran to [[Highway 1 (Afghanistan)|highway 1]] in southern Afghanistan was carried out by state-owned [[Border Roads Organisation]] (BRO), the mission statement of which states that the BRO is India's "most reputed, multifaceted, transnational, modern construction organization committed to meeting the strategic needs of the armed forces." The killing of a BRO employee by the neo-Taliban in 2005<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051124/main1.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Main News|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> prompted the Indian authorities to dispatch approximately 200 [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] commandos to in 2006 to provide security for Indians working in various construction projects in Afghanistan.

Political contacts between India and Afghanistan had increased in 2011, especially after the [[death of Osama bin Laden]] in Pakistan. During [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Manmohan Singh]]'s May 2011 visit to Kabul, it was announced that India's total aid to Afghanistan reached $2&nbsp;billion after a package of $500&nbsp;million was added.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Indian-commitment-to-Afghanistan-touches-USD-2-billion-PM/Article1-697007.aspx |title=Indian commitment to Afghanistan touches USD 2 billion: PM |work=hindustantimes.com/ |access-date=21 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831181903/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Indian-commitment-to-Afghanistan-touches-USD-2-billion-PM/Article1-697007.aspx |archive-date=31 August 2011 }}</ref> There was also military ties between Afghanistan and India, which is expected to increase after the October 2011 strategic pact that was signed by President Karzai and Manmohan Singh.<ref name="news.yahoo.com">{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/pakistan-warns-afghanistan-pact-india-114634747.html|title=Pakistan warns Afghanistan after pact with India|date=6 October 2011|work=Yahoo News|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/afghanistan-signs-1st-strategic-pact-india-170409367.html|title=Afghanistan signs 1st strategic pact _ with India|date=4 October 2011|work=Yahoo News|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221172710/http://news.yahoo.com/afghanistan-signs-1st-strategic-pact-india-170409367.html|archive-date=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="pajhwok.com">[http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/10/05/pakistan-twin-brother-talks-go-karzai Pakistan a twin brother, talks to go on: Karzai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107132358/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/10/05/pakistan-twin-brother-talks-go-karzai |date=7 November 2011 }}. [[Pajhwok Afghan News]]. Sujoy Dhar. 5 October 2011.</ref> India's the largest regional provider of humanitarian and reconstruction aid to Afghanistan.
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[New Delhi]] and a consulate-general in [[Mumbai]].
* India had an embassy in Kabul and consulates-general in [[Herat]], [[Jalalabad]], [[Kandahar]] and [[Mazar-e-Sharif]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Indonesia}}||20 May 1950||See [[Afghanistan–Indonesia relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1950 when Minister of Indonesia to Afghanistan Major-General R. H. Abdul Kadir presented his credentials.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eYSQAAAAMAAJ&dq=Indonesia+Major-General+R.+H.+Abdul+Kadir,+Minister+Presented+his+credentials+20th+May,+1950.&pg=PA35 |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Afghanistan, Persia, Turkey and Iraq, January 1950-December 1950 |publisher=University Publications of America |year=1999 |pages=31 |isbn=9781556557651 |access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref>

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Jakarta]].
* Indonesia has an embassy in Kabul.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iran}}||2 May 1920||See [[Afghanistan–Iran relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 May 1920 when has been accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Afghanistan to Persia Sardar Abdol Aziz Khan.<ref name="Almanach de Gotha"/>

Afghanistan's relations with Iran have fluctuated over the last decades, with periodic disputes over the [[water rights]] of the [[Helmand River]] as one of the main issues of contention.<ref>{{cite book| last = Library of Congress. Federal Research Division| title = Afghanistan: a country study| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=X0CLyC39MEgC| year = 2001| publisher = Claitor's Law Books and Publishing| isbn = 978-1-57980-744-3 }}</ref> Following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the [[Iranian Revolution]], relations deteriorated. Iran supported the cause of the Afghan resistance and provided limited assistance to the ethnic [[Hazara people|Hazara]] rebel leaders who pledged loyalty to the Iranian Revolution. After the emergence of the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|Taliban]], Iran stepped up assistance to the [[Northern Alliance]] minority ethnic groups. Iran did not have any form of relations with the Taliban. In 1998, when the Taliban captured the northern Afghan city of [[Mazar-e-Sharif]], several Iranian diplomats were executed on espionage charges.

Since 2002, the new Afghan government has engaged in cordial relations with both Iran and the United States, even as relations between Iran and the United States have grown strained due to American objections to Iran's [[Nuclear programme of Iran|nuclear program]]. While Iran is helping to develop the [[Shia Islam in Afghanistan|Afghan Shia]] communities, the NATO officials have been accusing Iran of secretly arming and training the [[Taliban insurgency|Taliban insurgents]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1075937.html |title=Afghanistan: U.S. Says Iranian-Made Weapons Found |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) |first=Breffni|last=O'Rourke|date=18 April 2007|access-date=12 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/iranian-weapons-found-in-afghanistan-1.243723 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130115133022/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/TopStories/20070604/iran_weapons_070604/ |url-status=live |archive-date=15 January 2013 |title=Iranian weapons found in Afghanistan |publisher=CTV |agency=Associated Press |date=4 June 2007 |access-date=12 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140226120303/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jXTtfgEIe3dkjnjYxyufiE-bzZCw Iranian weapons cache found in Afghanistan: US]}}. 10 September 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2010-10-06/world/afghanistan.iran.weapons_1_iranian-weapons-afghanistan-sunni-taliban?_s=PM:WORLD |title=Afghans find tons of explosive devices transferred from Iran |publisher=CNN |date=6 October 2010 |access-date=12 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305015156/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-10-06/world/afghanistan.iran.weapons_1_iranian-weapons-afghanistan-sunni-taliban?_s=PM%3AWORLD |archive-date=5 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/03/16/concern-us-over-increasing-iranian-activity-afghanistan |title=Concern in US over increasing Iranian activity in Afghanistan |first=Lalit K |last=Jha |publisher=Pajhwok Afghan News |quote=We did interdict a shipment, without question the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|Revolutionary Guard]]'s core [[Quds Force]], through a known Taliban facilitator. Three of the individuals were killed... Iranians certainly view as making life more difficult for us if Afghanistan is unstable. We don't have that kind of relationship with the Iranians. That's why I am particularly troubled by the interception of weapons coming from Iran. But we know that it's more than weapons; it's money; it's also according to some reports, training at Iranian camps as well. —[[David Petraeus]] |date=16 March 2011 |access-date=12 January 2012 |archive-date=1 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222314/https://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/03/16/concern-us-over-increasing-iranian-activity-afghanistan |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iran is accused of playing a double game in Afghanistan, a helper to the Afghan Shias and a destabilizer for the larger Sunni Afghans.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0808/p06s01-wosc.html |title=Is Iran meddling in Afghanistan? |newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor |date=8 August 2007 |first=Mark |last=Sappenfield |access-date=2012-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-sep-22-fg-afghan-spies22-story.html |title=U.S. says Pakistan, Iran helping Taliban |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=September 22, 2009 |access-date=2012-01-12}}</ref> In 2010, several high-level Iranian officials openly voiced for a failed Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20100721/wl_mideast_afp/afghanistanunrestusnatoirannuclear_20100721214043|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724184036/http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20100721/wl_mideast_afp/afghanistanunrestusnatoirannuclear_20100721214043 |url-status=dead |title=Afghanistan will be US's new Vietnam: Iran speaker|archive-date=24 July 2010}}</ref>

Ties between Afghanistan and Iran became strained in recent years due to Iran's toughened immigration policy, hastening the repatriation of many Afghan asylum seekers.<ref>{{citation|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=15 June 2007|access-date=3 September 2010|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/15/AR2007061500292_pf.html|title=Iran Forcibly Deports 100,000 Afghans |first=Alisa |last=Tang}}</ref> Although Iran has hosted large numbers of [[Afghans in Iran|Afghan refugees]] since the early 1980s, it is seeking to [[repatriate]] the remaining ones back to Afghanistan as soon as possible.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2008-01-02-voa77-66598917/555947.html |title=Iran Warns Unregistered Afghan Refugees of Detention Camps |newspaper=Voice of America |date=October 27, 2009 |access-date=2023-10-27}}</ref> A number of Afghans were executed by [[hanging]] in the streets of Iran, which sparked angry demonstrations in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8664289.stm |title=Afghans demonstrate against Iranian 'ill-treatment' |newspaper=BBC News |date=6 May 2010 |access-date=2023-10-27}}</ref> There have reports about Iran's Revolutionary Guards training Afghans inside Iran to carry out terrorist attacks in Afghanistan. {{blockquote|"Currently, the Revolutionary Guards recruit young people for terrorist activities in Afghanistan and try to revive the [[Hezbi Islami|Hezb-i-Islami Afghanistan]] led by [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar|Gulbadin Hekmatyar]] and Taliban groups"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2012/05/07/alleged-spies-say-iran%E2%80%99s-revolutionary-guards-trained-them |title=Alleged spies say Iran's Revolutionary Guards trained them |publisher=Pahjwok Afghan News |editor=Khwaja Basir Ahmad |date=7 May 2012 |access-date=7 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002447/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2012/05/07/alleged-spies-say-iran%E2%80%99s-revolutionary-guards-trained-them |archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>|Syed Kamal, a self-confessed agent for Iran's Revolutionary Guards and member of Sipah-i-Mohmmad}}
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Tehran]] and consulates-general in [[Mashad]] and [[Zahedan]].
* Iran has an embassy in Kabul and consulates-general in [[Herat]], [[Kandahar]] and [[Mazar-i-Sharif]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iraq}}||20 December 1932||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 December 1932.<ref name="auto7"/>
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Baghdad]].
* Iraq has an embassy in Kabul.
|-
|{{Flag|Israel}}
|
|See [[Afghanistan–Israel relations]]
No formal relations between Afghanistan and Israel exist, as Afghanistan [[International recognition of Israel|does not recognize Israel]]. However, leaders of both nations have met on numerous occasions.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Japan}}||26 July 1931||See [[Afghanistan–Japan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1931.<ref name="mofa.go.jp"/>

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Tokyo]].
* Japan has an embassy in Kabul.
|-
|{{Flag|Jordan}}
|5 February 1948
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1948 when Minister of Jordan to Afghanistan Mohammed Pasha El Shureiki presented his credentials.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eYSQAAAAMAAJ&dq=Jordan+Mohammed+Pasha+El+Shureiki,+Minister+Presented+his+credentials+on+5th+February,+1948&pg=PA35 |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Afghanistan, Persia, Turkey and Iraq, January 1950-December 1950 |publisher=University Publications of America |year=1999 |pages=31 |isbn=9781556557651 |access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}||12 February 1992||See [[Afghanistan–Kazakhstan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2018 |title=Kazakhstan's assistance to Afghanistan helps strengthen regional and global security, diplomat says |url=https://astanatimes.com/2018/09/kazakhstans-assistance-to-afghanistan-helps-strengthen-regional-and-global-security-diplomat-says/ |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=The Astana Times}}</ref>

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Astana]] and a consulate-general in [[Almaty]].
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in Kabul.
|-
|{{Flag|Kuwait}}
|4 March 1964
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 March 1964.<ref name="Mideast Mirror"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}||12 November 1999||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения |url=https://mfa.gov.kg/en/osnovnoe-menyu/vneshnyaya-politika/mezhdunarodnye-dogovory/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-ustanovleny-dipotnosheniya/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-kr-ustanovil-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic |language=ru}}</ref>
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Bishkek]].
* Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Kabul.
|-
|{{Flag|Laos}}
|11 March 1983
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1983.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of states which the Lao PDR has established diplomatic relations since 1950 |url=http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/lo/2015-04-07-02-45-52/1950 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR |archive-date=1 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601144934/http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/lo/2015-04-07-02-45-52/1950 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Lebanon}}
|August 1948
|Both countries established diplomatic relations in August 1948 when has been accredited Minister of Afghanistan to Lebanon (Resident in Bagdad) Mr. Ghulam Yahya Tarzi.<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|{{Flag|Libya}}
|1 August 1971
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1971.<ref name="ReferenceF"/>
|-
|{{MAS}}
|24 January 1970
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1970.<ref name="Asian Recorder - Volume 16"/>
* Afghanistan has a resident embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://pajhwok.com/2023/10/25/afghan-embassy-in-malaysia-starts-issuing-passports/ |title=Afghan Embassy in Malaysia starts issuing passports |work=Pajhwok Afghan News |date=25 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-27}}</ref>
* Malaysia is represented in Afghanistan by its embassy (high commission) in [[New Delhi]]
|-
|{{Flag|Maldives}}
|17 March 2006
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 March 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Maldives and Afghanistan as of 17 Mar. 2006 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3845899?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=17 March 2006 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Mongolia}}
|1 February 1962
|See [[Afghanistan–Mongolia relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 February 1962<ref>{{cite web |title=LIST OF STATES WITH DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=http://www.mfat.gov.mn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70&Itemid=83&lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722215952/http://www.mfat.gov.mn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70&Itemid=83&lang=en |archive-date=22 July 2011 |access-date=26 October 2012 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Morocco}}
|10 March 1973
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 March 1973<ref>{{Cite web |title=Etablissement des relations diplomatiques entre le Maroc et Oman |url=https://maparchives.ma/fr/news/etablissement-des-relations-diplomatiques-entre-le-maroc-et-oman |access-date=21 November 2023 |website=Map Archives Agence Marocaine de Presse |language=fr |archive-date=21 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121193634/https://maparchives.ma/fr/news/etablissement-des-relations-diplomatiques-entre-le-maroc-et-oman |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Mozambique}}
|7 January 1985
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1985.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Mozambique and Afghanistan as of 7 Jan. 1985 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1639124?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=7 January 1985 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Myanmar}}
|8 November 1956
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 November 1956.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations |url=http://myanmarbsb.org/_site/diplomatic-relations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712174127/http://myanmarbsb.org/_site/diplomatic-relations/ |archive-date=12 July 2023 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Brazil}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Namibia}}
|3 October 1990
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Afghanistan and Namibia as of 3 Oct. 1990 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1633550?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=3 October 1990 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Nepal}}||1 July 1961||See [[Afghanistan–Nepal relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/bilateral-relation/ |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816132805/https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/bilateral-relation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|North Korea}}
|26 December 1973
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 December 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=The National Committee On North Korea |page=4 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Oman}}
|25 March 2005
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 2005.<ref name="ReferenceG"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Pakistan}}||29 February 1948||See [[Afghanistan–Pakistan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 February 1948.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Antony Best, Great Britain. Foreign Office, Michael Partridge, Paul Preston |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aTyk_neEmg0C&dq=Pakistan+and+Afghanistan+exchange+at+ambassadorial+29+february+1948&pg=PA172 |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan, October 1947-December 1948 | date=2 December 2023 |publisher=2000 |pages=112 | isbn=9781556557682 |access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref>

Afghanistan began diplomatic ties with Pakistan in 1947, when Pakistan became an independent state after the [[Partition of India]]. [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|FATA]] and [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] have long complicated [[Afghanistan–Pakistan relations|Afghanistan's relations with Pakistan]]. Controversies involving these areas date back to the establishment of the [[Durand Line]] border in 1893 which divided the [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] and [[Baloch people|Baloch]] tribes. Although shown on most maps as the western international border of Pakistan, it is unrecognized by Afghanistan.<ref>Dawn News, [http://www.dawn.com/2007/08/24/top6.htm Fazl urges Afghanistan to recognise Durand Line]</ref><ref name="FG">{{cite web |url=http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/cp72_grare_final.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003151837/https://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/cp72_grare_final.pdf |archive-date=2006-10-03 |url-status=live |title=Carnegie Papers – Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations in the Post-9/11 Era |publisher=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |first=Frédéric |last=Grare |date=October 2006 |access-date=11 February 2011}}</ref> From September 1961 to June 1963, diplomatic relations, trade, transit, and consular services were suspended by Pakistan.

The [[Saur Revolution|April 1978 Marxist revolution]] further strained relations between the two states. Pakistan took the lead diplomatically in the United Nations, the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], and the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|Organisation of the Islamic Conference]] in opposing the Soviet invasion. It feared that after Afghanistan the Soviets would then enter Pakistani territory, especially the Balochistan region next to the oil-riched [[Persian Gulf]]. The United States was more fearing that Soviet reach to the Persian Gulf would threaten or suspend Arab oil supply so it began [[Operation Cyclone]] to provide billions of dollars to Pakistan for the training of [[Mujahideen]] against the Soviet-backed [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]]. The United States and Saudi Arabia provided as much as $40&nbsp;billion to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bt.com.bn/analysis/2008/12/17/story_of_us_cia_and_taliban |title=Story of US, CIA and Taliban |newspaper=The Brunei Times |first=Michael |last=Parenti |date=17 December 2008 |access-date=6 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205090713/http://www.bt.com.bn/analysis/2008/12/17/story_of_us_cia_and_taliban |archive-date=5 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.thenation.com/article/cost-afghan-victory?page=0,1 |title=The Cost of an Afghan 'Victory' |first=Dilip |last=Hiro |magazine=[[The Nation]] |date=28 January 1999 |access-date=6 October 2011 |archive-date=2 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302090727/http://www.thenation.com/article/cost-afghan-victory?page=0%2C1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Supported and funded by the [[UNHCR]], about 3&nbsp;million [[Afghans in Pakistan|Afghan refugees]] were allowed to stay in Pakistan, most of them in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/16/world/pakistan-restricts-afghan-refugees.html |title=Pakistan Restricts Afghan Refugees |first=Donatella |last=Lorch |newspaper=[[The New York Times|New York Times]] |date=16 November 1988 |access-date=6 October 2011}}</ref>

Pakistan developed closer ties with the Taliban government in 1996, which it believed would offer [[strategic depth]] in any future conflict with India, and extended recognition in 1997. Following [[Operation Enduring Freedom]] in late 2001, when the Taliban government was toppled, Pakistan recognized the new [[Presidency of Hamid Karzai|Karzai administration]] and offered around $250&nbsp;million in aid for reconstruction of the war-torn country. This includes the rebuilding and expansion of the major roads linking Afghanistan with Pakistan, the construction of [[Jinnah Hospital, Kabul|Jinnah Hospital]] in Kabul and the ''[[Muhammad Iqbal|Allama Iqbal]] Faculty of Arts'' building at [[Kabul University]].

Much of Afghanistan has long relied on Pakistani links for trade and travel to the outside world, and Pakistan views Afghanistan as its primary route for trade with Central Asia. In late 2010, the long-awaited Afghanistan Pakistan Transit Trade Act (APTTA) was finally signed by the two states. It took effect in June 2011, which is intended to improve economic ties.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2010/12/05/pakistan-resolve-afghan-traders-problems |title=Pakistan to resolve Afghan traders' problems |first=Abdul Qadir |last=Siddiqui |publisher=Pajhwok Afghan News |date=5 December 2010 |access-date=10 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727051053/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2010/12/05/pakistan-resolve-afghan-traders-problems |archive-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> {{as of|2011}}, Afghan-Pakistani political ties continue to decline from bad to worse. This is mainly due to the recent [[Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes|Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes]], escalating [[Taliban insurgency]] which is alleged to be supported and guided by Pakistan's [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) spy network,<ref name="US-blames-Pakistan">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-pakistan-idUSTRE78K7XA20110922 |title=U.S. blames Pakistan agency in Kabul attack |work=Reuters |date=22 September 2011 |access-date=2011-09-22}}</ref> and the [[Afghanistan–India relations|growing influence of its rival India in Afghanistan]].

The Taliban appointed Mohammad Shokaib as first secretary or chargé d'affaires of Afghanistan's embassy in Pakistan. Since Pakistan does not formally recognize the Taliban government, Shokaib will not hold the formal title of ambassador.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ahmad |first1=Jibran |title=Afghan Taliban appoint new envoy to run embassy in neighbouring Pakistan |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-taliban-appoint-new-envoy-run-embassy-neighbouring-pakistan-2021-10-29/ |access-date=13 November 2021 |work=Reuters |date=29 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Islamabad]] and consulates-general in [[Karachi]], [[Peshawar]] and [[Quetta]].
* Pakistan has an embassy in Kabul and consulates-general in [[Herat]], [[Jalalabad]], [[Kandahar]] and [[Mazar-i-Sharif]].
|-
|{{Flag|Philippines}}
|17 September 1968
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 September 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 17, 2020 |title=The Republic of the Philippines and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan celebrate 52 years of formal diplomatic relations today, September 17! |url=https://twitter.com/DFAPHL/status/1306382357973229568 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=DFA Philippines}}</ref>
* Afghanistan is accredited to the Philippines from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.
* The Philippines is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan.
|-
|{{Flag|Qatar}}
|16 January 1973
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 January 1973.<ref>{{Cite book |title=News Review on West Asia. |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=1972 |pages=9}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||5 May 1932||See [[Afghanistan–Saudi Arabia relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1932.<ref name="auto4"/>

Saudi Arabia has exerted a strong influence on Afghanistan, and was one of the major provider of funds to the ''mujahideen'' fighters against the Soviets. Saudi Arabia was also the second of only three countries to recognize the Taliban government, extending official recognition on 26 May 1997, one day after Pakistan and shortly before the United Arab Emirates.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Saudi Arabia: Information on whether the government officially recognizes the Taliban government in Afghanistan, and if so, the date recognition was extended; and whether the government of Saudi Arabia provides the Taliban government with any kind of support, 1 March 1998, SAU28966.E, available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ab2c60.html [accessed 13 December 2010]</ref> After the removal of Taliban, Saudi Arabia is one of the major helpers in the Afghan reconstruction. For example, the main [[Highway 1 (Afghanistan)|highway]] project is funded mainly by the US and Saudi Arabia. The largest mosque in Afghanistan was also financed by Saudi Arabia.
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]].
* Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Kabul.
|-
|{{Flag|Seychelles}}
|24 February 2017
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 February 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Afghanistan and Seychelles as of 24 February 2017 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1316691?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=24 February 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Singapore}}
|22 June 2006
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 June 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Afghanistan and Singapore as of 22 June 2006 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3842999?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=22 June 2006 }}</ref>
* Afghanistan is accredited to Singapore from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.
* Singapore does not have an accreditation to Afghanistan.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Africa}}||19 September 1994||
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan (Transitional Islamic State of) |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/afghanistan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714141936/http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/afghanistan.htm |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=dirco.gov.za}}</ref>

* Afghanistan does not have an accreditation to South Africa.
* South Africa is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan.
|-
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|31 December 1973
|See [[Afghanistan–South Korea relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 December 1973.<ref name="Korea & World Affairs Volume 6"/>

High-level Exchanges From Afghanistan to the [[South Korea]] 2010 Mar Farahi (Deputy Foreign Minister) 2012 Nov Ludin (Deputy Foreign Minister) 2013 Feb Khalili (2nd Vice President) 2013 Jul Najafi (Minister of Transport) 2013 Aug Raheen (Minister of Culture) 2013 Oct Sangin (Minister of Telecommunication).<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Asia Pacific |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/asiapacific/countries/20071017/1_24403.jsp?menu=m_30_10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904015758/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/asiapacific/countries/20071017/1_24403.jsp?menu=m_30_10 |archive-date=4 September 2015}}</ref>
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Seoul]].
* South Korea has an embassy in Kabul.
|-
|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}
|1 November 1958
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 1958.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dates of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Sri Lanka |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321072720/https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Sudan}}
|18 May 1957
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 May 1957.<ref name="Hsinhua News Agency Release"/>
|-
|{{Flag|Syria}}
|18 November 1951
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 November 1951 when has been accredited   Chargé d'Affaires ad interim of Afghanistan to Syria (Resident in Bagdad) Mr. Mir Amanullah Rahimi.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite book |last=Bülent Gökay, Malcolm Yapp, Michael Partridge, Paul Preston |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Arabia, The Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Jordan and General, 1952 |publisher=LexisNexis |year=2006 |pages=311}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}||15 July 1992||See [[Afghanistan–Tajikistan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 July 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations of Tajikistan with Afghanistan |url=https://mfa.tj/en/main/view/17/relations-of-tajikistan-with-afghanistan |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan}}</ref>

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Dushanbe]] and a consulate-general in [[Kharogh]].
* Tajikistan has an embassy in Kabul.
|-
|{{Flag|Thailand}}
|23 April 1953
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 April 1953.<ref name="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkey}}||1 March 1921||See [[Afghanistan–Turkey relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1921<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web |title=No: 77, 28 February 2021, Press Release Regarding the 100th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the Republic of Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-77_-turkiye-cumhuriyeti-ve-afganistan-islam-cumhuriyeti-arasinda-diplomatik-iliskilerin-kurulusunun-100-yildonumu-hk.en.mfa |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye}}</ref>
* [[Afghanistan]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a Consulates General in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Kabul]] and Consulates General in [[Kandahar]] and [[Mazar-e Sharif]].
* Both countries are members of [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]], [[Economic Cooperation Organization]], [[OIC]] and [[WTO]].
* Trade volume between the two countries was US$180&nbsp;million in 2019 (Afghan exports/imports: 156/24&nbsp;million USD).<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-afghanistan.en.mfa| title= Turkey-Afghanistan Economic and Trade Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* [[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local headquarters in [[Kabul]].

Afghanistan was the second country to recognize the Republic of Turkey on 1 March 1923, after the [[Soviet Union]], establishing diplomatic contacts whilst the [[Turkish War of Independence]] was still being waged. Talks held in Moscow on 1 March 1921 resulted in the Turkey-Afghanistan Alliance Agreement and a period of intense cooperation.
In 1937, shortly before the outbreak of [[World War II]], Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Turkey signed the [[Treaty of Saadabad]].

Since the 1920s Turkey enjoyed its prestige in Afghanistan. {{Citation needed|date=February 2014}} Both countries established education and cultural exchange programs. Inside Afghanistan Turkish schools were established. Furthermore, Turkish army officers assisted or even commanded the training of Afghan military members. The foreign relations of Afghanistan have changed so much politically, socially and economically. Today the relations between the two countries go beyond giving military education. In this respect it is noteworthy that this article handles the developments in the relationship between Afghanistan and Turkey in historical context.<ref name="TDO15">{{cite journal |title=Good Evening, Kandahar Tower!|author=Demirkan, Mehmet|publisher=The Diplomatic Observer|issue=15|date=April–May 2009}}</ref>
Afghan and Turkish relations spans several centuries, as many [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and [[Pashtun people|Afghan]] peoples ruled vast areas of [[Central Asia]] and the [[Middle East]] particularly the [[Ghaznavids]], [[Khalji dynasty|Khalji]], [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]], [[Lodhi dynasty|Lodhi]], [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]], [[Afsharid dynasty|Afsharid]], and [[Durrani Empire|Durrani]] empires. Throughout its long history, many [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] officials were in close contact with Afghan leaders even up until the early 20th century when the Ottoman administrator [[Ahmed Djemal|Ahmad Jamal Pasha]] went to Afghanistan where he worked on modernizing the [[Afghan Armed Forces]].
Turkey has participated in the [[International Security Assistance Force]] (ISAF) since its inception with the deployment of 290- non-combatant support personnel in 2001 and has assumed command of ISAF II (June 2002 – February 2003) and ISAF VII (February–August 2005).
According to Turkish Parliamentary Deputy Burhan Kayatürk; Turkey, which has the goodwill of the Afghani people, "can help win the hearts and minds of the Afghani people", who, "like the Turkish soldiers", and, "steer them away from militancy by strengthening the infrastructure in education, health and industry".<ref name="TZ090506b">{{cite news|date=6 May 2009|title=Concerned Turkish deputy calls for active engagement in Pakistan|work=[[Today's Zaman]]|first=Abdullah|last=Bozkurt}}</ref>

Turkish troops have not participated as combat forces but rather as logistical support and training Afghan personnel. Over 12,000 Afghan soldiers and police have been trained.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20130831_art007.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=17 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217094652/http://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20130831_art007.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Turkish construction firms have subsequently also become active in the country. {{citation needed|date=February 2014}}
Turkey is responsible for maintaining security around Kabul, providing training for the [[Afghan National Army]] and [[Afghan National Police]] and have undertaken a number of reconstruction projects in the fields of education, health and agriculture in the province of [[Vardak]].
Turkey's support of the [[Bonn Agreement (Afghanistan)|Bonn Agreement]] and the [[Afghan Constitution Commission]] resulted in an official visit to Turkey by [[Afghan President]] [[Hamid Karzai]] on 4 April 2002 and made a reciprocal visit to Afghanistan by [[Turkish Prime Minister]] [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] a short time later.
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate-general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in Kabul and a consulate-general in [[Mazar-i-Sharif]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}||21 February 1992||See [[Afghanistan–Turkmenistan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1992.<ref name="mfa.gov.tm"/>

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Ashgabat]] and a consulate-general in [[Mary, Turkmenistan|Mary]].
* Turkmenistan has an embassy in Kabul and consulates in Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||6 April 1973<ref name="ARR, Arab Report and Record"/>||See [[Afghanistan–United Arab Emirates relations]]

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi]] and a consulate-general in [[Dubai]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://pajhwok.com/2023/10/27/mawlavi-badruddin-haqqani-appointed-afghanistans-ambassador-in-uae/ |title=Mawlavi Badruddin Haqqani appointed Afghanistan's ambassador in UAE |work=Pajhwok Afghan News |date=27 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-27}}</ref>
* United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kabul.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}||13 October 1992||See [[Afghanistan–Uzbekistan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 1992.<ref name="uzbekistan.org.ua"/>

After the independence of Uzbekistan in 1991, the coming upheavals in Afghanistan and in Tajikistan caused security issues and regional anxiety. Uzbekistan continued this policy for a long time, but in 2016 started boosting relations with Afghanistan in terms of trade, socio-cultural and educational exchanges.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The "Afghan Factor" in Uzbekistan's Foreign Policy: Evolution and the Contemporary Situation|first=Akram|last=Umarov|date=27 May 2021|journal=Asian Affairs|volume=52|issue=3|pages=536–553|doi=10.1080/03068374.2021.1957321|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Tashkent]] and a consulate-general in both [[Bukhara]] and [[Termez]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://pajhwok.com/2023/10/11/passport-distribution-to-afghans-in-termez-begins/ |title=Passport distribution to Afghans in Termez begins |work=TOLOnews |date=11 October 2023 |access-date=2023-08-23}}</ref>
* Uzbekistan has an embassy in Kabul and a consulate in Mazar-i-Sharif.
|-
|{{Flag|Vietnam}}
|16 September 1974<ref name="Colombo"/>
|See [[Afghanistan–Vietnam relations]]
* Afghanistan is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Beijing, China.
* Vietnam is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan.
|-
|{{Flag|Yemen}}
|11 March 1971
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1971<ref name="ReferenceE"/>
* Afghanistan is accredited to Yemen from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
* Yemen does not have an accreditation to Afghanistan
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||31 March 1987||

* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 March 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 1987 |title=Afghanistan, Zimbabwe Establish Full Relations |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-04-01-me-651-story.html |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>
* Afghanistan currently does not have an accreditation to Zimbabwe.
* Zimbabwe is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zambia}}||December 1988||

* Zambia is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Beijing, China.
|}

=== Americas ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|-
|{{Flag|Argentina}}
|24 October 1959
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 1959.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Acuerdo por Canje de Notas estableciendo Relaciones Diplomáticas entre el Gobierno de la República Argentina y el de Su Majestad el Rey de Afganistán. |url=https://tratados.cancilleria.gob.ar/tratado_ficha.php?id=lKCrmg== |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Biblioteca Digital de Tratados |language=es}}</ref>
* Afghanistan is accredited to Argentina from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
* Argentina is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy of Argentina in Pakistan |url=http://epaki.cancilleria.gov.ar/es/content/embajada-argentina-en-islamabad |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706021759/http://epaki.cancilleria.gov.ar/es/content/embajada-argentina-en-islamabad |archive-date=6 July 2018 |access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Brazil}}
|1952
|Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1952.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |url=https://www.gov.br/mre/en/subjects/bilateral-relations/all-countries/islamic-republic-of-afghanistan?set_language=en |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=gov.br}}</ref>
*Afghanistan is accredited to Brazil from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
* Brazil is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan.
|-
|{{Flag|Canada}}
|17 July 1968
|See [[Afghanistan–Canada relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linwood DeLong |date=January 2020 |title=A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019 |url=https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019#Beginnings |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Canadian Global Affairs Institute}}</ref>[[File:William Crosbie speaking in May 2011.jpg|thumb|Canadian Ambassador William Crosbie makes remarks during the opening of the refurbished Turquoise Mountain Foundation in Kabul on 9 May 2011.]]
The [[September 11, 2001, attacks]] in the U.S. prompted Canada to re-evaluate its policies toward Afghanistan. The [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|Minister of National Defence]] [[Art Eggleton]] advised [[Governor General]] [[Adrienne Clarkson]] to authorize more than 100 Canadian Forces members serving on military exchange programs in the United States and other countries to participate in U.S. operations in Afghanistan. Although not participating in the opening days of the invasion, Prime Minister [[Jean Chrétien]] announced on 7 October that Canada would contribute forces to the international force being formed to conduct a campaign against terrorism. General [[Ray Henault]], the [[Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada)|Chief of the Defence Staff]], issued preliminary orders to several [[Canadian Forces]] units, as [[Operation Apollo]] was established. The Canadian commitment was originally planned to last to October 2003.
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Ottawa]] and consulates-general in [[Toronto]] and [[Vancouver]].
* Canada had an embassy in Kabul. It was closed in 2021 after the [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|Fall of Kabul]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2019 |title=Canada and Afghanistan |url=https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/afghanistan/index.aspx?lang=eng}}</ref>
*
|-
|{{Flag|Chile}}
|11 September 1962
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 September 1962<ref name="Afghanistan News Volume 5"/>
*Afghanistan is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Washington D.C., United States.
* Chile does not have an accreditation to Afghanistan.
|-
|{{Flag|Colombia}}
|3 August 1990
|See [[Afghanistan–Colombia relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Colombia and Afghanistan as of 3 Aug. 1990 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1633559?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=3 August 1990 }}</ref>
* Afghanistan is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
* Colombia is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
|-
|{{Flag|Cuba}}
|23 September 1975
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estados con los que Cuba mantiene relaciones diplomaticas |url=https://archivo.cubaminrex.cu/sites/default/files/memoria_anual_2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507190813/https://archivo.cubaminrex.cu/sites/default/files/memoria_anual_2015.pdf |archive-date=7 May 2019 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Memoria Anual 2015 |page=19 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Dominica}}
|22 April 2021
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2021 |title=Dominica, Afghanistan signs Communiqué to boost bilateral ties |url=https://wicnews.com/caribbean/dominica-afghanistan-signs-communique-boost-bilateral-ties-543934269/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820224015/https://wicnews.com/caribbean/dominica-afghanistan-signs-communique-boost-bilateral-ties-543934269/ |archive-date=20 August 2021 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=wic news}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}}
|3 December 2011
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 December 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 December 2011 |title=Diplomatic ties with Dominican Republic established |url=https://pajhwok.com/2011/12/03/diplomatic-ties-dominican-republic-established/ |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=pajhwok.com |last1=Samimi |first1=Meer Agha Nasrat }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Ecuador}}
|23 August 1990
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 August 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Ecuador and Afghanistan as of 23 Aug. 1990 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1633552?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=23 August 1990 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Grenada}}
|11 March 1983
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1983.<ref name="V.T. Sambandan"/>
|-
|{{Flag|Mexico}}
|27 June 1961
|See [[Afghanistan–Mexico relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2019 |title=México y Afganistán, establecieron relaciones diplomáticas el 27 de junio de 1961 |url=https://x.com/EmbaMexIrn/status/1163081670070853633?s=20 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=EmbaMex IRN |language=es}}</ref>

* Afghanistan is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afghanembassy.us/|title=Afghan Embassy|date=23 February 2024|website=Afghan Embassy|accessdate=25 February 2024}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inicio |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/iran/index.php/es/ |website=embamex.sre.gob.mx}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Panama}}
|3 May 2002
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Afghanistan and Panama as of 3 May 2002 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1639456?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=3 May 2002 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Peru}}
|27 September 2012
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2012.<ref name="rpp.pe"/>
|-
|{{Flag|United States}}
|4 May 1935
|See [[Afghanistan–United States relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 May 1935.<ref name="auto1"/>

Official diplomatic [[United States-Afghanistan relations|relations between Afghanistan and the United States]] began in the 1920s, although contact between the two nations was made in the late 1830s with the visit of [[Josiah Harlan]].<ref name="pabook">{{cite web |title=Josiah Harlan |url=http://www.pabook.libraries.psu.edu/LitMap/bios/Harlan__Josiah.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901074346/http://www.pabook.libraries.psu.edu/LitMap/bios/Harlan__Josiah.html |archive-date=1 September 2006 |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> Residing in Tehran, William Harrison Hornibrook served as a non-resident U.S. [[Envoy (title)|Envoy]] ([[Minister Plenipotentiary]]) to Afghanistan from 1935 to 1936.<ref name="USembassy">{{cite web |title=About the Embassy |url=http://kabul.usembassy.gov/about_the_embassy.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015084002/http://kabul.usembassy.gov/about_the_embassy.html |archive-date=15 October 2011 |access-date=13 October 2011 |publisher=[[U.S. Embassy, Kabul|U.S. Embassy in Kabul]]}}</ref>

The United States established its first official Kabul [[Legation]] in 1942, which was elevated to the [[U.S. Embassy, Kabul|Kabul Embassy]] in 1948. Louis Goethe Dreyfus, who previously served as Minister Plenipotentiary, became the [[United States Ambassador to Afghanistan|U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan]] from 1949 to 1951.<ref name="USembassy" /> The first official Afghanistan Ambassador to the United States was [[Habibullah Khan Tarzi]] who served from 1948 to 1953.

Since the 1950s the U.S. extended an economic assistance program focused on the development of Afghanistan's physical infrastructure which included roads, dams, and power plants. Later, U.S. aid shifted from infrastructure projects to technical assistance programs to help develop the skills needed to build a modern economy. [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] visited Kabul in December 1959, becoming the first U.S. president to travel to Afghanistan. The [[Peace Corps]] was active in Afghanistan between 1962 and 1979. During the early 1960s King of Afghanistan, Zahir Shah, visited the United States and met with [[John F. Kennedy]].
[[File:Embassy of Afghanistan.JPG|thumb|left|[[Embassy of Afghanistan in Washington, D.C.]]]]

After the April 1978 coup, relations deteriorated. In February 1979, U.S. Ambassador [[Adolph Dubs|Adolph "Spike" Dubs]] was murdered in Kabul after security forces burst in on his kidnappers. The U.S. then reduced bilateral assistance and terminated a small military training program. All remaining assistance agreements were ended after the [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]].

Following the Soviet invasion, the United States supported diplomatic efforts to achieve a Soviet withdrawal. In addition, generous U.S. contributions to the refugee program in Pakistan played a major part in efforts to assist Afghans in need. U.S. efforts also included helping Afghans living inside Afghanistan. This cross-border [[humanitarian assistance]] program aimed at increasing Afghan self-sufficiency and helping Afghans resist Soviet attempts to drive civilians out of the rebel-dominated countryside. During the period of Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, the U.S. provided about $3&nbsp;billion in military and economic assistance to the Afghan [[Mujahideen]]s.

Following the [[September 11 attacks]], the United States launched an attack on the [[Taliban]] government as part of [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]. Following the overthrow of the Taliban, the U.S. supported the new [[Karzai administration]] and stationed 100,000 of [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|U.S. troops in the country]]. Their aim was to help the new government of President [[Hamid Karzai]] establish authority across Afghanistan and hunt down [[Taliban insurgency|insurgent]]s that are launching attacks.

The United States was the leading nation in the rebuilding or [[reconstruction of Afghanistan]]. It provided multi-billion US dollars in weapons and aid, as well as infrastructure development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waste in U.S. Afghan aid seen at billions of dollars |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20101220/wl_nm/us_usa_afghanistan_reconstruction |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229075658/http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20101220/wl_nm/us_usa_afghanistan_reconstruction |archive-date=29 December 2010}}</ref> In 2005, the United States and Afghanistan signed a strategic partnership agreement committing both nations to a long-term relationship.<ref name="USGov">U.S. Department of State – [https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5380.htm#relations Background Note: Afghanistan]</ref> U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] and [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Laura Bush]] made a surprise visit to Afghanistan on 1 March 2006. Hamid Karzai was hailed as an example of a great leader by most U.S. politicians, universities and media outlets every time he visited the United States. Although, the U.S. military was to remain in Afghanistan until the end of 2014, U.S. officials offered to remain longer if the Afghan people wanted them.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 January 2011 |title=Senator wants Karzai to address corruption, US to set up air base |work=Pajhwok Afghan News |url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/01/03/senator-wants-karzai-address-corruption-us-set-air-base |url-status=dead |access-date=2011-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313034729/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/01/03/senator-wants-karzai-address-corruption-us-set-air-base |archive-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>

A US State Department report criticized the handling of the 2021 Afghanistan evacuation, highlighting the serious consequences of troop withdrawals by Presidents [[Biden]] and Trump on the security of the former US-backed government. The report raised concerns over the lack of coordination and failure to expand crisis-management efforts during the Taliban's advance on Kabul, without directly naming Secretary of State Antony Blinken.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=LANDAY |first1=JONATHAN |date=2023-07-01 |title=US State Department review of 2021 Afghanistan evacuation critical of Biden, Trump |language=en |work=GMA News |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/world/874503/us-state-department-review-of-2021-afghanistan-evacuation-critical-of-biden-trump/story/ |access-date=2023-07-02}}</ref>

The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan collapsed and the Taliban rebuilt the Islamic emirate after the [[US–Taliban deal|U.S. and the Taliban signed the Doha agreement]] and fully withdraw from Afghanistan in 2021.
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and a consulates-general in [[Los Angeles]] and [[New York City]]. Temporarily closed from 2022.
* United States has an embassy in Kabul, personnel located in Doha.<ref>{{cite news |date=2021-08-31 |title=U.S. Embassy in Kabul will remain empty after withdrawal, diplomats to be based in Qatar |work=Newsweek |url=https://www.newsweek.com/us-embassy-kabul-will-remain-empty-after-withdrawal-diplomats-based-qatar-1624650}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Uruguay}}
|4 October 1990
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 October 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Afghanistan and Uruguay as of 4 Oct. 1990 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1633551?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=4 October 1990 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Venezuela}}
|10 December 1990
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Afghanistan and Venezuela as of 10 Dec. 1990 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1642009?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=10 December 1990 }}</ref>
|}

===Europe===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|-
|{{Flag|Albania}}
|16 August 2006
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2006 |title=Tirana nadviazala diplomatické vzťahy s Afganistanom |url=https://svet.sme.sk/c/2854277/tirana-nadviazala-diplomaticke-vztahy-s-afganistanom.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412162844/https://svet.sme.sk/c/2854277/tirana-nadviazala-diplomaticke-vztahy-s-afganistanom.html |archive-date=12 April 2023 |access-date=8 November 2023 |language=sk}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Andorra}}
|29 March 2006
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 March 2006.<ref name="Diplomatic relations"/>
|-
|{{Flag|Austria}}
|
|
*Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Vienna]].
* Austria is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan.
|-
|{{Flag|Belarus}}
|15 June 1999
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Belarus-Afghanistan |url=https://tajikistan.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations1/ |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of Tajikistan}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Belgium}}
|26 February 1923
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1923.<ref>{{Cite book |title=British and Foreign State Papers |publisher=Great Britain. Foreign Office, Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office |year=1927 |pages=1 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|20 September 2005
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 September 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Afghanistan as of 20 Sept. 2005 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3843047?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=20 September 2005 | last1=Herzegovina | first1=Bosnia and }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}||12 June 1961||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 June 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005) |url=http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%2520%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%2520%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2588%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826071151/http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 August 2018 |access-date=8 November 2023 |language=bg}}</ref>
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Sofia]].
* Bulgaria has an embassy in Kabul.
|-
|{{Flag|Croatia}}
|3 January 1996
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1996.<ref name="mvep.gov.hr"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||13 October 1937||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 1937.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-sub-series R3874/3D/35212 - Treaty of friendship between Afghanistan and Czechoslovakia, signed in Paris on 13 October 1937 |url=https://archives.ungeneva.org/yk8d-fg5c-wrmw |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=United Nations library & archives Geneva}}</ref>
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Prague]].
* Czech Republic has an embassy in Kabul.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Denmark}}||26 January 1966||See [[Afghanistan–Denmark relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 January 1966.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Udenrigsministeriets Tidsskrift |publisher=1966 |pages=269 |language=da}}</ref>

Denmark had 760 soldiers in Afghanistan in 2010,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pd-afghanistan-denmark-idUSTRE67B2J420100812 |title=Danish PM hopes troops to leave Afghanistan by 2015 |author=Adrian Croft |date=12 August 2010 |publisher=Reuters |access-date= 29 January 2011 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402231652/http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/08/12/us-pd-afghanistan-denmark-idUSTRE67B2J420100812|url-status= live}}</ref> operating without caveat and concentrated in Helmand province.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3167.htm |title=US Department of State: Denmark |publisher=United States Department of State |access-date=30 January 2011}}</ref> Relations between the two countries are friendly.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/'Denmark+strengthens+commitment+to+Afghanistan.-a0188534532 |title=Denmark strengthens long-term commitment to Afghanistan |publisher= The Free Library |quote=I am very proud to be part of such an important decision of the Danish people to support Afghanistan. Given the long-lasting and friendly relations between Afghanistan and Denmark, Denmark's broad public and political support to assist Afghanistan means that we now have a new strategy for our engagement in Afghanistan for 2008–2012 |access-date=28 June 2011}}</ref> Around 9,578 [[Afghan diaspora|Afghan immigrants]] reside in Denmark.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afghanistanembassy.no/cat/118.aspx |title=Afghans in Denmark |publisher=Embassy of Afghanistan, Oslo, Norway |access-date=30 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724174202/http://www.afghanistanembassy.no/cat/118.aspx|archive-date=24 July 2011}}</ref>

Diplomatic relations were established in 1947.<ref>{{cite book| author = Anjuman-i Tārīkh-i Afghānistān| title = Afghanistan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zhrjAAAAMAAJ| access-date = 29 January 2011| year = 1967| publisher = Historical Society of Afghanistan – [[University of Michigan]] }}</ref> On 24 May 1967, an air service agreement was signed in Kabul.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/20/16/00038789.pdf |title=Denmark and Afghanistan Agreement relating to air services (with annex and exchangeof notes). Signed at Kabul on 24 May 1967 (No.9951) |publisher=United Nations Treaty Series |access-date=30 January 2011}}{{dead link|date=March 2015}}</ref> On 2 March 1979, an agreement on a Danish loan to Afghanistan was signed.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://treaties.un.org/Pages/showDetails.aspx?objid=08000002800f2fc4 |title=Agreement on a Danish Government loan to Afghanistan (with annexes and exchange of letters). |publisher=United Nations Treaty Series |access-date=30 January 2011}}</ref>

Since 2001, the [[Danish Defence]] was involved in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] as part of the [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]]. The Danish Defence with the [[British Armed Forces]] have been involved in clashes with the Taliban in the Helmand Province. Denmark had two of their [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]]s in the [[Manas Air Base]], Kyrgyzstan to support their forces in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.bt.dk/nyheder/danske-f-16-fly-i-aktioner-i-afghanistan|newspaper= [[B.T. (tabloid)]]|title=Danske F-16 fly i to aktioner i Afghanistan|date=11 February 2003|language=da|access-date=29 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE62169/danske-f-16-fly-vender-hjem-fra-kirgistan/ |publisher=Dagbladet Information |title=Danske F-16 fly vender hjem fra Kirgistan (Danish flights returns from Kyrgyzstan)|date=24 June 2003 |language=da |access-date=2011-01-30}}</ref>

[[Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees]] is an organization, working in Afghanistan. The organization was created to support the Afghans, who had fled to Pakistan and Iran.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dacaar.org|title= The Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees (DACAAR) |work=The [[Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees]] |access-date=2011-01-29}}</ref> Danish assistance to Afghanistan amounts $80&nbsp;million each year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amblondon.um.dk/en/menu/TheEmbassy/DefenceSection/Defence%20News/KabulKarzai.htm?WBCMODE=presentationunpublishedpreview&printmode=False |title=Danish ambassador meets Karzai |publisher=Danish embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan |access-date=28 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001104209/http://www.amblondon.um.dk/en/menu/TheEmbassy/DefenceSection/Defence%20News/KabulKarzai.htm?WBCMODE=presentationunpublishedpreview&printmode=False |archive-date=1 October 2011 }}</ref> Since the fall of the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Taleban]] in 2001, Denmark has supported Afghanistan with education and democratisation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/VBOL-6DJELB?OpenDocument&rc=3&cc=afg |title=Denmark will extend support to Afghanistan|date=16 June 2005 |access-date=29 January 2011}}</ref> In 2005, the [[Folketing]] approved 670&nbsp;million DKK, to the rebuilding of Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite book|url= http://www.netpublikationer.dk/um/10401/pdf/web.pdf|isbn= 978-87-7087-341-3 |title=Danmark i Afghanistan |language=da |access-date= 28 June 2011 |last1= Dueholm |first1= Pernille |year= 2010 |archive-date= 1 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001123619/http://www.netpublikationer.dk/um/10401/pdf/web.pdf |url-status= dead}}</ref>

On 28 January 2006, the Afghan president [[Hamid Karzai]] visited [[Anders Fogh Rasmussen]] in [[Marienborg]], the summer residence of the Danish Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stm.dk/_p_6727.html |title=Besøg af Afghanistans Præsident Hamid Karzai (Visit of President Hamid Karzai) |publisher=Statsministeriet |access-date=31 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720124603/http://www.stm.dk/_p_6727.html |archive-date=20 July 2011}}</ref> In September 2009, Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen visited [[Camp Bastion]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jp.dk/indland/article1439353.ece|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130212175519/http://jp.dk/indland/article1439353.ece|url-status= dead|archive-date= 12 February 2013|title= Fogh som ørkenrotte i Afghanistan|date= 16 September 2008|publisher= [[Jyllandsposten]]|access-date= 31 January 2011}}</ref>
On 23 June 2010, Danish Prime Minister [[Lars Løkke Rasmussen]] visited Afghanistan, where he met Hamid Karzai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afghanistanembassy.no/cat/45.aspx/70911|title=Prime Minister of Danmark visits Afghanistan|publisher=Embassy of Afghanistan in Oslo, Norway|date=23 June 2010|access-date=30 January 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724174213/http://www.afghanistanembassy.no/cat/45.aspx/70911|archive-date=24 July 2011}}</ref> On 10 January 2011, Afghan Foreign Minister Zalmai Rassoul visited Denmark, to discuss bilateral relations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afghanistanembassy.no/cat/1.aspx/70938|title=Development Cooperation|publisher=Embassy of Denmark in Kabul, Afghanistan|access-date=29 January 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213061002/http://www.afghanistanembassy.no/cat/1.aspx/70938|archive-date=13 February 2011}}</ref>
* Afghanistan is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Oslo, Norway.
* Denmark has an embassy in Kabul.
|-
|{{Flag|Estonia}}
|1 July 2005
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia |url=https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Republic of Estonia Ministry of Foreign Affairs |language=et}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Finland}}
|11 May 1956
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 May 1956.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan |url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17246&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006035639/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17246&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 |archive-date=6 October 2016 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland}}</ref>
* Afghanistan recognized the [[Independence of Finland]] on 17 July 1928.
* Afghanistan is accredited to [[Finland]] through its embassy in [[Oslo, Norway|Oslo]], Norway.
* Finland has an embassy in Kabul.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||28 April 1922||See [[Afghanistan–France relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on {{Dts|28 April 1922}}<ref name="auto2"/>

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amb-afg.fr/|title=Délégation permanente d'Afghanistan auprès de l'UNESCO et de l'ICESCO|website=L'Ambassade de la R.I. d'Afghanistan en France|access-date=14 September 2021|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905063530/https://www.amb-afg.fr/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* France has an embassy in Kabul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://af.ambafrance.org/|title=La France en Afghanistan|website=af.ambafrance.org}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Germany}}|| 16 October 1922||See [[Afghanistan-Germany relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 October 1922 when has been accredited first Envoy of Afghanistan to Germany Ghulam Siddiq Khan.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Akten zur deutschen auswärtigen Politik, 1918-1945 Serie A : 1918-1925 · Volume 6 |publisher=Germany. Auswärtiges Amt |year=1988 |pages=640 |language=de}}</ref>
After the Second World War, diplomatic relations were established with the Federal Republic of Germany on 22 December 1954.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Steckbrief |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/afghanistan-node/afghanistan/204676 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |language=de}}</ref>

[[File:Msc 2009-Sunday, 8.30 - 11.00 Uhr-Zwez 006 Jung Jones Karzei.jpg|thumb|Afghan President [[Hamid Karzai]] in Germany, with [[Franz Josef Jung]] to his right and [[James L. Jones]] to his left.]]
The [[Afghanistan-Germany relations|German-Afghan relationship]] is long and has been mostly cordial. In 1935 under prime minister [[Muhammad Hashim]], Afghanistan established a close relationship with Germany, a distinct change of relations in comparison to its usual position between the Russian and British spheres of influence. Under this relationship, Afghanistan received German foreign aid and technical assistance, and also developed closer ties with Germany's allies, Italy, Spain and Japan.<ref name="Tom Lansford 2003 62">{{cite book| author = Tom Lansford| title = A Bitter Harvest: Us Foreign Policy and Afghanistan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=n1pKnc3RJGIC&pg=PA62| year = 2003| publisher = Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.| isbn = 978-0-7546-3615-1| page = 62 }}</ref>

Many Afghan academics studied in Germany, many more sought refuge in Germany during the years of civil war. There has been significant cultural exchange over the years. Several of the best secondary schools in Kabul are founded and supported by the German government. The number of [[Afghans in Germany]] is about 90,000 but many others have been deported from there in the last decade.<ref>{{cite web |title=Germany begins deportations of Afghan refugees |url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2005/06/afgh-j25.html |publisher=wsws.org |date=25 June 2005 |access-date=2011-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/living-in-fear-of-deportation/a-1862149 |title=Living in Fear of Deportation |publisher=DW-World.De |date=22 January 2006 |access-date=2 October 2011}}</ref> Germany has been one of the most significant donors of foreign aid and partners in the rebuilding of Afghanistan. The [[Bonn Agreement (Afghanistan)|Bonn agreement]] deals with the post Taliban governance of Afghanistan.
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and consulates-general in [[Bonn]] and [[Munich]].
* Germany has an embassy in Kabul.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Greece}}||27 September 1962||See [[Afghanistan–Greece relations]]

* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 1962.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Afghanistan News - Volume 5 |publisher=Information Bureau, Royal Afghan Embassy |year=1962}}</ref>
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Athens]].
* Greece is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan.<ref name="mfa.gr">{{Cite web |title=Greece's Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mfa.gr/en/blog/greece-bilateral-relations/afghanistan/ |website=www.mfa.gr}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Hungary}}||18 May 1956||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 May 1956.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Hungary. Pannonia Press |publisher=1969 |pages=68}}</ref>
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Budapest]].
* Hungary has an embassy in Kabul.
|-
|{{Flag|Iceland}}
|17 March 2004
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 March 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Iceland and Afghanistan as of 17 Mar. 2004 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1467839?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=17 March 2004 }}</ref>
* Afghanistan is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in Oslo, Norway.
* Iceland is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Oslo, Norway.
|-
|{{Flag|Ireland}}
|19 September 2002
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations between Afghanistan and Ireland as of 19 Sept. 2002 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1472578?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=19 September 2002 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy}}||3 June 1921||See [[Afghanistan–Italy relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1921.<ref name="esteri.it"/>

Italian-Afghan relations have generally been positive, and Italy has served as a place of exile for two former Afghan kings, [[Amanullah Khan]] (deposed 1929) and [[Mohammed Zahir Shah]] (deposed 1973). Italy was among the first nations to recognise Afghanistan's sovereignty, along with Germany, Turkey, France, and Iran, following the 1919 recognition by the Soviet Union.<ref name = "books.google.com">{{cite book| author = Amin Saikal| title = Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MuF55mSIt4EC&pg=PA65| date = 28 November 2006| publisher = I.B.Tauris| isbn = 978-1-84511-316-2| page = 65 }}</ref>

Italy began to take on increased involvement (although on a relatively small scale) in 1935, as Afghanistan established closer relations with Germany, a key Italian ally.<ref name="Tom Lansford 2003 62"/> Afghanistan maintained these ties throughout much of World War II, though it came under strong pressure from Moscow and London to expel the German and Italian diplomatic corps.<ref name="Tom Lansford 2003 62"/>
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Rome]].
* Italy has an embassy in Kabul.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kosovo}}||<!--Date started-->17 June 2013||

Afghanistan was the first country who officially recognised the independence of the [[Republic of Kosovo]] on 18 February 2008.<ref>[http://kosova.org/docs/independence/Afghanistan.pdf The Statement of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on the Recognition of Independence of Kosovo], Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Afghanistan, 2008-02-18</ref> Afghanistan and Kosovo established diplomatic relations on 17 June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.president-ksgov.net/?page=1,6,2916|title=Presidentja Jahjaga priti ambasadorin e Afganistanit, Siaullah Mahmud|publisher=Zyra e Presidentit të Kosovës|date=17 June 2013}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Latvia}}
|18 December 2005
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 December 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Afghanistan and Latvia as of 18 Dec. 2005 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3844178?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=18 December 2005 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Liechtenstein}}
|26 October 2018
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2018 |title=H.E. Ambassador Khojesta Fana Ebrahimkhel Presents Credentials to H.S.H. Hereditary Prince Alois of Liechtenstein |url=http://www.afghanistan-vienna.org/2018/10/h-e-ambassador-khojesta-fana-ebrahimkhel-presents-credentials-to-h-s-h-hereditary-prince-alois-of-liechtenstein/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205204338/http://www.afghanistan-vienna.org/2018/10/h-e-ambassador-khojesta-fana-ebrahimkhel-presents-credentials-to-h-s-h-hereditary-prince-alois-of-liechtenstein/ |archive-date=5 December 2022 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=The Embassy and Permanent Mission of The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in Vienna, Austria}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Lithuania}}
|31 March 2005
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 March 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Lithuania and Afghanistan as of 31 Mar. 2005 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3843161?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=31 March 2005 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Luxembourg}}
|13 January 2005
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Luxembourg and Afghanistan as of 13 Jan. 2005 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3844061?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=13 January 2005 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Malta}}
|8 February 2008
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 February 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Afghanistan and Malta as of 8 Feb. 2008 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1325907?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=8 February 2008 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Moldova}}
|1 December 1994
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Republic of Afghanistan |url=https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of the Republic of Moldova}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Monaco}}
|13 October 2010
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2010 |title=Actus de Monaco |url=https://www.podcastjournal.net/ACTUS-DE-MONACO_a6354.html |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=podcastjournal.net}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Montenegro}}
|21 September 2010
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Montenegro and Afghanistan as of 21 Sept. 2010 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1322696?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=21 September 2010 }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Netherlands}}
|2 August 1956
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 August 1956 when first Envoy of Afgnanistan Dr. Sardir Najib-Ullah Khan presented his credentials to Queen of the Netherlands.<ref name="ReferenceD"/>
|-
|{{Flag|North Macedonia}}
|17 July 1996
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Norway}}||31 December 1962||See [[Afghanistan–Norway relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 December 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Message of Ambassador Youssof Ghafoorzai on the 58th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Afghanistan and Norway |url=https://www.afghanistanembassy.no/message-ambassador-youssof-ghafoorzai-58th-anniversary-establishment-diplomatic-relations-afghanistan-norway/ |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Oslo Norway|date=30 December 2020 }}</ref>

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Oslo]].
* Norway has an embassy in Kabul.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland}}||3 November 1927||See [[Afghanistan–Poland relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1927.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afganistan |url=https://www.gov.pl/web/indie/relacje-dwustronne-afganistan |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=gov.pl |language=pl}}</ref>

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].
* Poland is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
|-
|{{Flag|Portugal}}
|14 April 1976
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan |url=https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/en/bilateral-relations/general-countries/afghanistan |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Portuguese Government Portal}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Romania}}
|5 June 1958
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 1958.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations of Romania |url=https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2187 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Romania}}</ref>
* Afghanistan is accredited to Romania from its embassy in Warsaw, Poland.
* Romania is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Russia}}||27 May 1919||See [[Afghanistan–Russia relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 May 1919.<ref name="x.com"/>

[[File:Dmitry Medvedev in Uzbekistan 11 June 2010-13.jpeg|thumb|[[Hamid Karzai]] sitting with [[President of Russia|Russia's President]] [[Dmitry Medvedev]]]]
Afghanistan and Russia have shared a highly varied relationship from the mid-19th century to the modern day. For decades, Russia and Britain struggled for influence in Afghanistan, strategically positioned between their two empires, in what became known as "[[The Great Game]]". Following the 1917 [[Bolshevik Revolution]], the new Soviet Union established more cordial relations with Afghanistan, and in 1919 became the first country to recognise Afghan sovereignty.<ref name="books.google.com"/>

Relations between the two nations became complicated following the 1978 communist coup known as the [[Saur Revolution]]. The new communist [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] was highly dependent on the Soviet Union, and the Soviet support for the widely disliked communist regime, and the ensuing [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]], led to a great hatred for the Soviets in much of the Afghan population. The Soviets occupied Afghanistan in the face of a bitter ten-year insurgency before withdrawing in 1989. Even following the withdrawal of Soviet forces, the Soviet Union provided massive support to the embattled DRA government, reaching a value of $3&nbsp;billion a year in 1990. However, this relationship dissolved in 1991 along with the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] itself. On 13 September 1991, the Soviet government, now dominated by Boris Yeltsin, agreed with the United States on a mutual cut off of military aid to both sides in the Afghan civil war beginning on 1 January 1992. The post-coup Soviet government then attempted to develop political relations with the Afghan resistance. In mid-November it invited a delegation of the resistance's Afghanistan Interim Government (AIG) to Moscow where the Soviets agreed that a transitional government should prepare Afghanistan for national elections. The Soviets did not insist that Najibullah or his colleagues participate in the transitional process. Having been cut adrift both materially and politically, Najibullah's faction torn government began to fall apart, and the city of Kabul fell to the Mujahideen factions in April 1992.

In 2009, Russian President [[Dmitry Medvedev]] announced that he wanted to be more involved in Afghanistan, supporting development of infrastructure and the army. This came as relations between Afghan President Karzai and American President Obama reached a low.
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
* Russia has an embassy in Kabul and a consulate-general in [[Mazar-i-Sharif]].
|-
|{{Flag|Serbia}}
|30 December 1954
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1954.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan |url=https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/afghanistan |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Republic of Serbia Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
* Afghanistan does not have an accreditation to Serbia.
* Serbia is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
|-
|{{Flag|Slovenia}}
|20 September 2004
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 September 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mojca Pristavec Đogić |date=2016 |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=8 November 2023 |page=8 |language=sl}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||9 May 1950||See [[Afghanistan–Spain relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 May 1950.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Censo de tratados internacionales suscritos por España Indice Kwoc. Tomo III |publisher=Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Servicio de Informática |year=1976 |pages=732 |language=es}}</ref>

* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Madrid]].
* Spain has an embassy in Kabul.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sweden}}||22 November 1940||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 November 1940.<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
* Afghanistan has an embassy in [[Stockholm]].
* Sweden has an embassy in Kabul.
|-
|{{Flag|Ukraine}}
|17 April 1995
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 April 1995.<ref name="tajikistan.mfa.gov.ua"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||22 November 1921||See [[Afghanistan–United Kingdom relations]]
Afghanistan established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 22 November 1921.<ref name="britain"/> The UK currently recognises the [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan government]], over the ''de facto'' [[Afghanistan|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] government, as the legal administrator of the country.
*Afghanistan maintains an [[Embassy of Afghanistan, London|embassy]] in London.<ref>{{cite web|author=Diplomat Magazine|date=2 November 2021|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/middle-east-asia/afghanistan/|title=Afghanistan|access-date=8 March 2025|website=Diplomat Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304223126/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/middle-east-asia/afghanistan/|archive-date=4 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The United Kingdom was accredited to Afghanistan through its [[Embassy of the United Kingdom, Kabul|embassy]] in [[Kabul]]. Following the [[fall of Kabul (2021)|fall of Kabul]], the embassy has been co-located with the British Embassy in Doha, Qatar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-kabul|title=British Embassy Kabul|access-date=8 March 2025|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306090409/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-kabul|archive-date=6 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

The UK governed [[Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] from [[Treaty of Gandamak|1879]]–[[Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919|1919]], until Afghanistan achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the [[International Criminal Court]], and the [[World Trade Organization]]. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref>{{cite web|author-link=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office |author=((Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office)) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|title=Country and regional development partnership summaries|website=GOV.UK|date=17 July 2023 |access-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526234739/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|archive-date=26 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Further|The Great Game|First Anglo-Afghan War|Second Anglo-Afghan War|Third Anglo-Afghan War|Fourth Anglo-Afghan War}}

British interest involves the protection of India, especially from Russia—a contest called [[The Great Game]] in the late 19th century. A series of [[Anglo-Afghan wars]] between 1839 and 1919 have historically shaped the backdrop for relations between Afghanistan and the United Kingdom. After nearly a century of Anglo-Indian influence in Afghanistan, the state was declared independent in 1919. The United Kingdom did not contribute nor actively oppose the communist led [[Saur Revolution]], it opposed the [[1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]] and had no involvement in the series of civil wars that followed the Soviet withdrawal in 1989.<ref>Edgar O'Ballance, ''Afghan wars 1839–1992: what Britain gave up and the Soviet Union lost'' (Brassey's, 1993).</ref>
|}

===Oceania===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Australia}}||16 December 1968||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 December 1968.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 December 1968 |title=Appointment of Australian Ambassador to Afghanistan |publisher=[[Department of External Affairs (1921–1970)|Department of External Affairs]] |format=Media Release |url=https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/media/pressrel/793502/upload_binary/793502.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22Afghanistan%201960s%22 |access-date=8 November 2023}}</ref>
* Afghanistan has an [[Embassy of Afghanistan, Canberra|embassy]] in [[Canberra]].
* In May 2021, Australia closed its embassy in [[Kabul]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57236594 |title=Australia to shut embassy in Afghanistan over violence fears |work=BBC News |date=25 May 2021}}</ref>
* ''See also:'' [[List of Afghan Ambassadors to Australia]]
|-
|{{Flag|Fiji}}
|4 June 2010
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 June 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Fiji and Afghanistan as of 4 June 2010 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1318207?ln=en |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library| date=4 June 2010 }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|New Zealand}}||18 September 2003||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 September 2003<ref>{{Cite web |title=Order of Precedence Among Heads of Diplomatic Missions: as at June 2004 |url=http://www.mfat.govt.nz/about/prd/precedence.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041212223843/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/about/prd/precedence.html |archive-date=12 December 2004 |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade }}</ref>
* Afghanistan is accredited to New Zealand from its [[Embassy of Afghanistan, Canberra|embassy in Canberra, Australia]].
* New Zealand is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
* ''See also:'' List of Afghan Ambassadors to New Zealand
|}

==United Nations==
During the Soviet occupation in the 1980s, the United Nations was highly critical of the [[Soviet Union]]'s interference in the internal affairs of Afghanistan and was instrumental in obtaining a negotiated Soviet withdrawal under the terms of the [[Geneva Accords (1988)|Geneva Accords]].

In the aftermath of the Accords and subsequent Soviet withdrawal, the United Nations has assisted in the repatriation of refugees and has provided humanitarian aid such as health care, educational programs, and food and has supported [[demining|mine-clearing]] operations. The [[United Nations Development Programme|UNDP]] and associated agencies have undertaken a limited number of development projects. However, the UN reduced its role in Afghanistan in 1992 in the wake of fierce factional strife in and around Kabul. The [[UN Secretary General]] has designated a personal representative to head the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance to Afghanistan (UNOCHA) and the Special Mission to Afghanistan (UNSMA), both based in [[Islamabad]], Pakistan. Throughout the late 1990s, 2000, and 2001, the UN unsuccessfully strived to promote a peaceful settlement among the Afghan factions as well as provide humanitarian aid, this despite increasing Taliban restrictions upon UN personnel and agencies.

==See also==
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Afghanistan]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of Afghanistan]]
* [[Visa requirements for Afghan citizens]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
* {{CIA World Factbook}}
* {{StateDept}}

==Further reading==
*Adamec, Ludwig W. ''Afghanistan, 1900–1923: a diplomatic history'' (U of California Press, 1967).
*Adamec, Ludwig W. ''Afghanistan's foreign affairs to the mid-twentieth century: relations with the USSR, Germany, and Britain'' (University of Arizona Press, 1974).
*Kakar, M. Hassan. ''Political & Diplomatic History of Afghanistan, 1863–1901'' (2006), 259pp.

==External links==
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070121034904/http://mfa.gov.af/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan (official website)]}}
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150223093109/http://www.embassyofafghanistan.org/ Embassy of Afghanistan – Washington, DC]}}
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20131023044052/http://kabul.usembassy.gov/ Embassy of the United States in Kabul]}}
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070626222007/http://www.afghanemb-canada.net/ Embassy of Afghanistan – Ottawa, Canada]}}
*[http://www.embassypages.com/afghanistan.php Embassies and consulates in Afghanistan and Afghani missions abroad]

{{Foreign relations of Afghanistan}}
{{Afghanistan topics}}
{{Asia in topic|Foreign relations of}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Foreign relations of Afghanistan| ]]