Editing Flutter (electronics and communication)

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In [[electronics]] and [[communication]], '''flutter''' is the rapid [[:wikt:variation|variation]] of [[signal]] parameters, such as [[amplitude]], [[Phase (waves)|phase]], and [[frequency]].  Examples of electronic flutter are:

*Rapid variations in received signal levels, such as variations that may be caused by [[atmospheric]] disturbances, [[antenna (electronics)|antenna]] movements in a high wind, or interaction with other signals.
*In [[radio propagation]], a phenomenon in which nearly all radio signals that are usually reflected by [[ionospheric layer]]s in or above the E-region experience partial or complete [[Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)|absorption]].
*In radio [[transmission (telecommunications)|transmission]], rapidly changing signal levels, together with variable [[Multipath propagation|multipath]] time delays, caused by [[Reflection (physics)|reflection]] and possible partial absorption of the signal by aircraft flying through the radio beam or common scatter volume.
*The variation in the transmission characteristics of a loaded [[telephone line]] caused by the action of telegraph direct currents on the [[Electrical load|loading]] coils.
*In recording and reproducing equipment, the deviation of [[frequency]] caused by irregular mechanical motion, ''e.g.,'' that of [[Capstan (tape recorder)|capstan]] angular velocity in a tape transport mechanism, during operation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wow & Flutter|url=https://www.soundonsound.com/glossary/wow-flutter|website=Sound On Sound|access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Rogjohns|first=Hugh|title=Celemony Capstan: Wow & Flutter Removal Software|url=https://www.soundonsound.com/reviews/celemony-capstan|website=Sound On Sound|publisher=SOS Publications Group|date=August 2012|access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
''Electronic Flutter''
* [[Wow (recording)]]
* [[Wow and flutter measurement]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{FS1037C MS188}}

[[Category:Radio frequency propagation]]