Editing Flandreau, South Dakota

{{Redirect|Flandreau}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info ----------------->
|name                     = Flandreau
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|other_name               = 
|native_name              = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = "The Heart Of South Dakota" 
<!-- images and maps ------------>
|image_skyline            = Moody County Courthouse, Flandreau, SD.jpg
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = [[Moody County Courthouse]]
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|image_map                = Moody_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Flandreau_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Moody County, South Dakota|Moody County]] and the state of [[South Dakota]]
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<!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[South Dakota]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in South Dakota|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Moody County, South Dakota|Moody]]
|subdivision_type3        = 
|subdivision_name3        = 
|subdivision_type4        = 
|subdivision_name4        = 
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = Mayor
|leader_name1             = [[Dan Sutton]]
|leader_title2            = 
|leader_name2             = 
|leader_title3            = 
|leader_name3             = 
|leader_title4            = 
|leader_name4             = 
|established_title        = <!-- Settled -->
|established_date         = 
|established_title2       = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2        = 
|established_title3       = Incorporated 
|established_date3        = 1902<ref>{{cite web|title=SD Towns |publisher=[[South Dakota State Historical Society]] |access-date=2010-02-12 |url=http://history.sd.gov/Archives/forms/exhibits/SD%20Towns.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210030454/http://history.sd.gov/Archives/forms/exhibits/SD%20Towns.pdf |archive-date=2010-02-10 }}</ref>
<!-- Area ------------------------>
|area_magnitude           = 
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='46'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 4.99
|area_land_km2            = 4.81
|area_water_km2           = 0.17
|area_total_sq_mi         = 1.93
|area_land_sq_mi          = 1.86
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.07
|area_water_percent       = 
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<!-- Population ------------------------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_est           = 
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|pop_est_footnotes        = 
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_total         = 2372
|population_density_km2   = 492.72
|population_density_sq_mi = 1275.95
|population_metro         = 
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<!-- General information ---------------->
|timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = −6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = −5
|coordinates              = {{coord|44|02|47|N|96|35|54|W|region:US-SD_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 1565
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 57028
|area_code                = [[Area code 605|605]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 46-21540<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1267391<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1267391}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|http://www.cityofflandreau.com}}
|footnotes                = 
}}

'''Flandreau''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|l|æ|n|d|r|uː}} {{respell|FLAN|droo}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ap.org/southdakota/prono.html|title=Broadcast Pronunciation Guide and South Dakota Pronunciations|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2009-11-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614020153/http://www.ap.org/southdakota/prono.html|archive-date=2011-06-14}}</ref> is a city in and [[county seat]] of [[Moody County, South Dakota]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref> The population was 2,372 at the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]].<ref name=USCensus>{{cite web |title=U.S. Census Bureau: Flandreau city, South Dakota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US4621540 |website=www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=7 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> It was named in honor of [[Charles Eugene Flandrau]], a judge in the territory and state of Minnesota. He is credited with saving the community of [[New Ulm, Minnesota]], from destruction during conflict with the [[Sioux]] tribe in 1862.

In 2015, the nearby federally recognized [[Flandreau Indian Reservation]] of [[Santee Sioux]] had planned to open the nation's first recreational [[marijuana]] lounge in a former bowling alley, close to its existing Royal River Casino and Hotel. Any tourists or non-tribal members using marijuana on tribal land risked state prosecution, so they abandoned the plan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inforum.com/news/3858694-marijuana-resort-budding-south-dakota-set-open-years-end|title='Marijuana resort' budding in South Dakota, set to open by year's...|publisher=The Fargo Forum|date=October 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/dec/30/santee-sioux-torch-marijuana-crop-over-fears-of-go/|title=Santee Sioux torch marijuana crop over fears of government raid|first= Andrea |last=Noble |publisher=The Washington Times|access-date=2016-10-05|date=2015-12-30}}</ref>

==Geography==
Flandreau is located along the [[Big Sioux River]].<ref>[[DeLorme]] (2001).  ''South Dakota Atlas & Gazetteer''.  Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme.  {{ISBN|0-89933-330-3}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.93|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|1.86|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.07|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2012-06-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref>

===Climate===
{{Weather box 
|location = Flandreau, South Dakota (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1893−present)
|single line = Y
|width = auto
|Jan record high F = 64
|Feb record high F = 70
|Mar record high F = 87
|Apr record high F = 94
|May record high F = 106
|Jun record high F = 105
|Jul record high F = 112
|Aug record high F = 108
|Sep record high F = 104
|Oct record high F = 94
|Nov record high F = 79
|Dec record high F = 65
|year record high F = 112

|Jan avg record high F = 43.1
|Feb avg record high F = 49.0
|Mar avg record high F = 65.9
|Apr avg record high F = 79.5
|May avg record high F = 86.7
|Jun avg record high F = 91.6
|Jul avg record high F = 93.0
|Aug avg record high F = 91.1
|Sep avg record high F = 87.5
|Oct avg record high F = 81.5
|Nov avg record high F = 63.7
|Dec avg record high F = 46.6
|year avg record high F = 95.4

|Jan high F = 22.6
|Feb high F = 27.6
|Mar high F = 39.7
|Apr high F = 54.4
|May high F = 67.0
|Jun high F = 76.8
|Jul high F = 81.3
|Aug high F = 79.0
|Sep high F = 72.3
|Oct high F = 58.2
|Nov high F = 41.4
|Dec high F = 27.5
|year high F = 54.0
|Jan mean F = 13.1
|Feb mean F = 17.3
|Mar mean F = 29.5
|Apr mean F = 42.9
|May mean F = 55.8
|Jun mean F = 66.4
|Jul mean F = 70.6
|Aug mean F = 68.1
|Sep mean F = 60.0
|Oct mean F = 46.2
|Nov mean F = 31.2
|Dec mean F = 18.6
|year mean F = 43.3
|Jan low F = 3.5
|Feb low F = 7.0
|Mar low F = 19.3
|Apr low F = 31.4
|May low F = 44.7
|Jun low F = 56.1
|Jul low F = 59.9
|Aug low F = 57.2
|Sep low F = 47.8
|Oct low F = 34.2
|Nov low F = 21.1
|Dec low F = 9.6
|year low F = 32.7

|Jan avg record low F = -20.1
|Feb avg record low F = -14.3
|Mar avg record low F = -4.9
|Apr avg record low F = 17.1
|May avg record low F = 30.6
|Jun avg record low F = 44.0
|Jul avg record low F = 48.6
|Aug avg record low F = 45.6
|Sep avg record low F = 32.3
|Oct avg record low F = 18.3
|Nov avg record low F = 2.3
|Dec avg record low F = -13.0
|year avg record low F = -23.6

|Jan record low F = −40
|Feb record low F = −38
|Mar record low F = −24
|Apr record low F = -2
|May record low F = 16
|Jun record low F = 29
|Jul record low F = 35
|Aug record low F = 32
|Sep record low F = 15
|Oct record low F = -12
|Nov record low F = −20
|Dec record low F = −35
|year record low F = -40
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.54
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.76
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.32
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.67
|May precipitation inch = 4.12
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.53
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.81
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.60
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.07
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.21
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.01
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.85
|year precipitation inch = 28.49
|Jan snow inch = 5.8
|Feb snow inch = 8.2
|Mar snow inch = 6.2
|Apr snow inch = 4.8
|May snow inch = 0.1
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 1.2
|Nov snow inch = 5.6
|Dec snow inch = 8.5
|year snow inch = 40.4
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 5.4
|Feb precipitation days = 5.6
|Mar precipitation days = 5.9
|Apr precipitation days = 7.9
|May precipitation days = 10.0
|Jun precipitation days = 9.8
|Jul precipitation days = 7.5
|Aug precipitation days = 7.1
|Sep precipitation days = 6.3
|Oct precipitation days = 5.9
|Nov precipitation days = 4.5
|Dec precipitation days = 5.7
|year precipitation days = 81.6
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 4.9
|Feb snow days = 5.0
|Mar snow days = 3.1
|Apr snow days = 2.0
|May snow days = 0.1
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.9
|Nov snow days = 2.5
|Dec snow days = 5.1
|year snow days = 23.6
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name= NOAA>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=fsd
| title = NowData − NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = October 16, 2021}}</ref><ref name=NCEI>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00392984&format=pdf
| title = Station: Flandreau, SD
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991−2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = October 16, 2021}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=left
|1880= 471
|1890= 569
|1900= 1244
|1910= 1484
|1920= 1929
|1930= 1934
|1940= 2212
|1950= 2193
|1960= 2129
|1970= 2027
|1980= 2114
|1990= 2311
|2000= 2376
|2010= 2341
|2020= 2372
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|author-link=United States Census Bureau|access-date=November 8, 2014}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:46&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 15, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-06-21}}</ref> of 2010, there were 2,341 people, 973 households, and 583 families living in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1258.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,091 housing units at an average density of {{convert|586.6|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 64.2% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.5% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 27.7% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.3% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.5% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 3.8% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 3.5% of the population.

There were 973 households, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.1% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 38.4 years. 25.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.3% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 18.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 2,376 people, 986 households, and 605 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,370.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,090 housing units at an average density of {{convert|628.9|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 70.62% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.46% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 24.92% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.22% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.08% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.69% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.05% of the population.

There were 986 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $31,090, and the median income for a family was $40,272. Males had a median income of $26,369 versus $19,738 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,895. About 9.8% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 18.2% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Early history==
[[File:Flandreau SD 1883.jpg|thumb|right|1883 illustration of Flandreau]]

The British established a [[Hudson's Bay Company]] trading post in 1763 in this area. Present-day Flandreau developed near there, with people attracted to the community because of trading business.<ref name=hogan>{{Cite book|last1=Hogan |first1=Edward Patrick |last2=Fouberg |first2=Erin Hogan |year=2001 |title=The Geography of South Dakota |edition=Third |publisher=The Center for Western Studies – [[Augustana College (South Dakota)|Augustana College]] |location=Sioux Falls, SD |isbn=0-931170-79-6}}</ref>

The town of Flandreau was originally settled in 1857, and named for U.S. Indian Agent [[Charles Eugene Flandrau|Charles E. Flandrau]]. (In the early years, it was sometimes spelled as 'Flandrau'.)<ref>{{cite book|author=Federal Writers' Project|author-link=Federal Writers' Project|title=South Dakota place-names, v.1-3|url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027015455;view=1up;seq=107|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160916102847/http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027015455;view=1up;seq=107|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-09-16|year=1940|publisher=University of South Dakota|page=37}}</ref> Like other settlements in the region, it was abandoned within a year, as a result of threatening activities of the [[Yankton Sioux]] during the Indian Wars.  They were trying to expel European Americans from their territory.

In 1869, following the American Civil War, the area was resettled by twenty-five families of [[Christianization|Christianized]] Sioux from the [[Santee Sioux|Santee]] reservation.  White settlement resumed in 1872. When [[Moody County, South Dakota|Moody County]] was organized in 1873, Flandreau was designated as the county seat.

[[Richard F. Pettigrew]] of [[Sioux Falls, South Dakota]], a relative of Pettigrew settlers in Flandreau, promoted establishing an Indian School at Flandreau as part of what was his successful 1889 campaign in the state legislature to be elected for the U.S. Senate. The federal government authorized a school here, and what was first known as the Riggs Institute was opened in 1892. The Bureau of Indian Affairs took over a former Presbyterian Church mission school for the facility.

It has been known as the [[Flandreau Indian School]], an off-reservation [[Indian boarding school]] operated by the [[Bureau of Indian Education]] (BIE) (an agency established in 2006).

==Landmarks==
The [[Flandreau Indian Reservation]] of the Santee Sioux is in the area.

==Education==
[[Flandreau School District 50-3]] is the local public school district operated by the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st46_sd/schooldistrict_maps/c46101_moody/DC20SD_C46101.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Moody County, SD|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2021-07-10}}</ref>

[[Flandreau Indian School]] is in the area.

==Notable people==
* [[Gene Amdahl]] (1922-2015), computer architect known for [[Amdahl's Law]]
* [[Dell L. Dailey]], American military officer
* [[Roger W. Hunt]] (1938-2018), South Dakota legislator
* [[Bill Janklow]] (1939-2012), politician, South Dakota Attorney General, 4-term Governor, and 1-term member of US House of Representatives

==See also==
* [[List of cities in South Dakota]]
*[[Flandreau Indians]]

==References==
{{Reflist|22em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Flandreau, South Dakota}}
* {{official website|http://www.cityofflandreau.com}}

{{Moody County, South Dakota}}
{{South Dakota county seats}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in South Dakota]]
[[Category:Cities in Moody County, South Dakota]]
[[Category:County seats in South Dakota]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1902]]
[[Category:1902 establishments in South Dakota]]
[[Category:1857 establishments in Minnesota Territory]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1857]]