Editing Flag of San Marino

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{{Infobox flag
| Name = San Marino
| Image = Flag of San Marino.svg
| Use = 111111
| Symbol = {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|111111}}
| Proportion = 3:4
| Design = A horizontal [[bicolour (flag)|bicolour]] of white and light blue; charged with the national [[Coat of arms of San Marino|coat of arms]] in the centre
| Adoption = 19th century (standardised on 22 July 2011)
| Image2 = Flag of San Marino (civil).svg
| Use2 = 100100
| Symbol2 = {{FIAV|defacto}} {{FIAV|100100}}
| Proportion2 = 3:4
| Design2 = Plain white-blue bicolour.
}}
[[File:Bandera de San Marino en Cala d'Or (Baleares, España).jpg|thumb|Flag of San Marino on a boat in Spain.]]
The [[national flag]] of [[San Marino]] is formed by two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national [[coat of arms of San Marino|coat of arms]] superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring [[Three Towers of San Marino|three towers on three peaks]]) with a closed crown on top, flanked by an oak and laurel wreath, with a scroll below bearing the word LIBERTAS (Freedom). The two colours of the flag represent peace (white) and liberty (light blue).<ref>[http://www.esteri.sm/contents/instance2/files/document/RSMSCHEDAPAESE.pdf About the Republic of San Marino] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218133345/http://www.esteri.sm/contents/instance2/files/document/RSMSCHEDAPAESE.pdf |date=2021-02-18 }}, p. 6.</ref> 

Although the ''Law on the flag and coat of arms of San Marino'' from 22&nbsp;July 2011 refers only to the "official flag" of the republic, a ''[[de facto]]'' civil flag, which omits the coat of arms, can sometimes be seen flying.<ref>[http://flagspot.net/flags/sm.html#civ The picture of a ''de facto'' civil flag of San Marino]</ref> Some official sources of San Marino suggest that the civil flag is actually the bicolour with the coat of arms of the specific city it is used in, instead of the national one.<ref>[http://www.sanmarinosite.com/info/bandiera.html The Portal of the Republic of San Marino]</ref>

The national ensign of [[San Marino]] is identical to the state flag.<ref>[http://www.caa-mna.sm/pagine/RootFile/File/Leggi%20e%20Decreti/LEGGE%2030%20novembre%202004%20n.pdf Law no. 164 from 30 November 2004]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} for the establishment of the National Registry of Recreational Vessels, article 7.</ref><ref>[http://www.caa-mna.sm/pagine/paginaglobale.php?stridpagina=21 The Civil Aviation and Marittime Navigation Authority]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

San Marino's municipalities all have flags that are very similar to San Marino's national flag. These flags all contain a shield-like emblem on the horizontal white and blue bicolour. Closest to the hoist of these flags is the name of the municipality written vertically.<ref>[https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sm-sub.html San Marino Municipalities Flags]</ref>

==History==
[[File:San Marino.jpeg|thumb|The San Marino flag behind the [[Statua della Libertà]], 2009. It shows a pre-2011 standardisation flag]]
The oldest attested [[Heraldic flag|standard]] of the republic dates back from 4 September 1465, when it was commissioned from a manufacturer in [[Florence]], allegedly composed of a tricolour of gold, white and "alessandrino" (thought to be purple, recently re-interpreted as a shade of azure).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Repubblica di san marino segreteria di stato per gli affari interni |title=Relazione illustrativa al progetto di legge costituzionale "Bandiera e stemma ufficiale della Repubblica di San Marino. Integrazione alla legge 8 luglio 1974 n. 59" |url=http://www.interni.segreteria.sm/on-line/home/documento25043647.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Malagola |first=Carlo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDs0AQAAMAAJ |title=L'archivio governativo della Repubblica di San Marino: riordinato e descritto : aggiunti gli statuti sammarinesi dal 1295 alla metà del secolo XIV |date=1891 |publisher=Tip. Fava E. Garagnani |pages=154–155 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Casali |first=Verter |title=Un errore del Malagola? |url=http://verter.altervista.org/errore_malagola.html |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=verter.altervista.org}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Schmöger |first=Marcus E. V. |title=Arms and flag of San Marino |url=https://issuu.com/segreteriadistato.interni.sm/docs/arms_and_flag_of_san_marino |journal=Nordisk Flaggkontakt |date=4 June 2012 |publisher=[[Nordic Flag Society]] |volume=53 |pages=14–28}}</ref>

In 1797, most likely influenced by the [[French Revolution|wave of reforms in France]], the [[Grand and General Council|Supreme Council]] of the Republic commissioned a white and blue [[cockade]], which, coincidentally or not, was identical to the one used by the French revolutionaries.<ref>[http://www.rbvex.it/sanmarino.html History of the flag of San Marino] on rbvex.it</ref><ref>[http://www.interni.segreteria.sm/on-line/Home/documento25043647.html Report on the Law project regarding the official flag and coat of arms of the Republic of San Marino]</ref>

The decree of 6 April 1862 standardized the coat of arms, but did not mention the flag.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! width="110"|Flag!!width="100"|Year!!width="250"|Description
|-
| [[File:San Marino 1465 Battle Standard - Carlo Malagola reconstruction.svg|border|100px]] || 1465 || Battle standard.<br />Hypothetical reconstruction according to Malagola. 
|-
| [[File:Old Flag of San Marino.svg|border|100px]] || 1465 || 
Battle standard.<br />Hypothetical reconstruction according to Casali.
|-
| [[File:Flag of San Marino (pre–2011, civil).svg|border|100px]] || 1829 || Flag hoisted at the [[Guaita]].<br />First record of the use of a white-azure bicolour.<br />
|-
| [[File:Flag of San Marino (before 2011).svg|border|100px]] || 19th century–2011 || {{FIAV|historical}}in use before 2011.
|}

==Proportions and colours==
The official proportion of the flag is 3:4, the coat of arms' width being {{frac|3|8}} of the flag's length. While the arms are horizontally centered, their vertical position on the flag is defined by the location of the center of the cross on top of the crown: at {{frac|1|8}} of the flag's length. The proportion of the coat of arms is 5:6.<ref name="constitutional_law">{{cite web |url=http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/Home/LavoriConsiliari/Dettaglidelleconvocazioni/documento17044527.html |title=BANDIERA E STEMMA UFFICIALE DELLA REPUBBLICA DI SAN MARINO |author=Consiglio Grande e Generale |date=22 July 2011 |website=Consiglio Grande e Generale |pages=3–4 |format=PDF |language=it |access-date= 29 September 2023}}</ref>

A 2:3 proportion can be used internationally and/or when specifically requested. In this case, the coat of arms' width is {{frac|1|3}} of the flag's length, and the center of the cross on the top of the crown will be at {{frac|1|6}} of the flag's height below the upper edge.

The colours of the flag are officially prescribed as follows: <ref name="constitutional_law" />

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"
!style="width:20%"|Colour/Colour system
!style="width:20%"|[[Pantone]] Coated
!style="width:20%"|Pantone Uncoated
!style="width:20%"|[[CMYK]]
!style="width:20%;"|Pantone TPX
|- style="text-align: center"
|style="text-align:left;color:white;font-weight:bold;background:#59A7D3"|Light blue on the flag
|2915 C                          
|2915 U 
|55/10/5/0
|15-4323 TPX
|- style="text-align: center"
|style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold"|White
|Pure white                   
|Pure white
|0/0/0/0
|White textile
|- style="text-align: center"
|style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;background:#F2BF00"|Sun yellow
|7406 C                        
|7404 U
|5/25/100/0 
|14-0852 TPX
|- style="text-align: center"
|style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;background:#DA9500"|Golden yellow
|124 C                          
|7405 U
|5/35/100/10
|15-1050 TPX
|- style="text-align: center"
|style="text-align:left;color:white;font-weight:bold;background:#987436"|Brown on branches
|7559 C                          
|7558 U
|15/35/70/30
|18-0939 TPX
|- style="text-align: center"
|style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;background:#87E64D"|Green in the light
|576 C                         
| 577 U
|47/10/70/0
|17-0336 TPX
|- style="text-align: center"
|style="text-align:left;color:white;font-weight:bold;background:#4EA62C"|Green on leaves
|7742 C                         
|363 U
|65/25/80/13
| 18-0135 TPX
|- style="text-align: center"
|style="text-align:left;color:white;font-weight:bold;background:#2D6019"|Green in the shadow
|Cool gray 4 C + 7742 C<br/> or 350 C
|Cool gray 3 U + 363 U <br/> or 350 U
|65/25/80/50
|14-4103 TPX + 18-0135 TPX<br/>or 19-6311 TPX  
|- style="text-align: center"
|style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;background:#87EBED"|Sky blue on the shield
|291 C                         
|291 U 
|47/8/7/0 
|14-4318 TPX
|- style="text-align: center"
|style="text-align:left;color:white;font-weight:bold;background:#3D8FA3"|Blue in shadow
|Cool gray 4 C + 291 C <br/>or 7698 C
|Cool gray 3 U +291 U <br/>or 7698 U 
|70/30/20/20
|14-4103 TPX + 14-4318 TPX <br/>or 18-4217 TPX
|- style="text-align: center"
|style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;background:#B2B2B2"|Gray in shadow
|Cool gray 4 C                 
|Cool gray 3 U
| 0/0/0/30 
|14-4103 TPX
|- style="text-align: center"
|style="text-align:left;color:white;font-weight:bold;background:black"|Black
|Black C                 
|Black U 
|0/0/0/100 
|Black TPX
|}

==Political flags==
<gallery>
Sammarinese Communist Party flag, 1950s.svg|[[Sammarinese Communist Party]]
Flag of Partito dei Socialisti e dei Democratici.png|[[Party of Socialists and Democrats|Partito dei Socialisti e dei Democratici]]
Flag of libera san marino.png|[[Libera San Marino|Libera San Marino]]
Flag of Partito Democratico Cristiano Sammarinese.png|[[Partito Democratico Cristiano Sammarinese]]
</gallery>

==Municipalities ("Castles")==
[[Municipalities of San Marino|Castles]] have their own flag, as indicated by March 28th 1997 decree n°40. Article 2 demands each name to be indicated vertically at the hoist in peigmot font, but it is not enforced and it is usual see hoisted unnamed flags at public offices.
<gallery>
File: Acquaviva (RSM)-Bandiera.svg|{{center|[[Acquaviva, San Marino|Acquaviva]]}}
File:Borgo Maggiore (RSM)-Bandiera.svg|{{center|[[Borgo Maggiore]]}}
File:Chiesanuova (RSM)-Bandiera.svg|{{center|[[Chiesanuova]]}}
File:Domagnano (RSM)-Bandiera.svg|{{center|[[Domagnano]]}}
File:Faetano (RSM)-Bandiera.svg|{{center|[[Faetano]]}}
File:Fiorentino (RSM)-Bandiera.svg|{{center|[[Fiorentino]]}}
File:Montegiardino (RSM)-Bandiera.svg|{{center|[[Montegiardino]]}}
File:San Marino (RSM)-Bandiera.svg|{{center|[[San Marino City|San Marino]]}}
File:Serravalle (RSM)-Bandiera.svg|{{center|[[Serravalle, San Marino|Serravalle]]}}
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Coat of arms of San Marino]]
* [[The Three Towers of San Marino]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Flags of San Marino}}
*[http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/Home/LavoriConsiliari/Dettaglidelleconvocazioni/documento17044527.html Law on the flag and coat of arms of San Marino] {{In lang|it}}
*{{FOTW|id=sm|title=San Marino}}

{{San Marino topics}}
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{{nationalflags}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:San Marino, Flag of}}
[[Category:1862 introductions]]
[[Category:National symbols of San Marino|Flag]]
[[Category:National flags]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in San Marino]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1862|San Marino]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 2011|San Marino]]
[[Category:Flags with coats of arms|San Marino]]